Search

Your search keyword '"Spolaore, P"' showing total 663 results
Start Over Author "Spolaore, P"
663 results on '"Spolaore, P"'

1. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

Marcuzzi, D., Toigo, V., Boldrin, M., Chitarin, G., Bello, S. Dal, Grando, L., Luchetta, A., Pasqualotto, R., Pavei, M., Serianni, G., Zanotto, L., Agnello, R., Agostinetti, P., Agostini, M., Aprile, D., Barbisan, M., Battistella, M., Berton, G., Bigi, M., Brombin, M., Candela, V., Candeloro, V., Canton, A., Casagrande, R., Cavallini, C., Cavazzana, R., Cordaro, L., Cruz, N., Palma, M. Dalla, Dan, M., De Lorenzi, A., Delogu, R., De Muri, M., De Nardi, M., Denizeau, S., Fadone, M., Fellin, F., Ferro, A., Gaio, E., Gasparrini, C., Gnesotto, F., Jain, P., La Rosa, A., Lopez-Bruna, D., Lorenzini, R., Maistrello, A., Manduchi, G., Manfrin, S., Marconato, N., Mario, I., Martini, G., Milazzo, R., Patton, T., Peruzzo, S., Pilan, N., Pimazzoni, A., Poggi, C., Pomaro, N., Pouradier-Duteil, B., Recchia, M., Rigoni-Garola, A., Rizzetto, D., Rizzolo, A., Santoro, F., Sartori, E., Segalini, B., Shepherd, A., Siragusa, M., Sonato, P., Sottocornola, A., Spada, E., Spagnolo, S., Spolaore, M., Taliercio, C., Tinti, P., Tomsič, P., Trevisan, L., Ugoletti, M., Valente, M., Valisa, M., Veronese, F., Vignando, M., Zaccaria, P., Zagorski, R., Zaniol, B., Zaupa, M., Zuin, M., Cavenago, M., Boilson, D., Rotti, C., Decamps, H., Geli, F., Sharma, A., Veltri, P., Zacks, J., Simon, M., Paolucci, F., Garbuglia, A., Gutierrez, D., Masiello, A., Mico, G., Labate, C., Readman, P., Bragulat, E., Bailly-Maitre, L., Gomez, G., Kouzmenko, G., Albajar, F., Kashiwagi, M., Tobari, H., Kojima, A., Murayama, M., Hatakeyama, S., Oshita, E., Maejima, T., Shibata, N., Yamashita, Y., Watanabe, K., Singh, N. P., Singh, M. J., Dhola, H., Fantz, U., Heinemann, B., Wimmer, C., Wünderlich, D., Tsumori, K., Croci, G., Gorini, G., Muraro, A., Rebai, M., Tardocchi, M., Giacomelli, L., Rigamonti, D., Taccogna, F., Bruno, D., Rutigliano, M., Longo, S., Deambrosis, S., Miorin, E., Montagner, F., Tonti, A., and Panin, F.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities. A Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated to developing and characterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accelerator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full performances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign. Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER NBI featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of in-vessel components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants are already under final testing and commissioning. Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. The integrated test to confirm 1MV output by combining invertor systems, DC generators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed. Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Measure of negative ion density in a large negative ion source using Langmuir probes

Author

Poggi, Carlo, Spolaore, Monica, Barbisan, Marco, Brombin, Matteo, Cavazzana, Roberto, Marconato, Nicolò, Pasqualotto, Roberto, Pimazzoni, Antonio, Sartori, Emanuele, and Serianni, Gianluigi

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

Neutral Beam Injectors (NBIs) based on negative ions are the workhorses of future fusion reactors, such as ITER, which they are expected to provide with up to \SI{33}{MW} of power to heat the fusion plasma. The negative hydrogen ions are extracted from a RF plasma, in which a magnetic filter field cools down the electrons reaching the so-called expansion region and allows the formation of negative ions near the apertures in the plasma grid. To further improve the production of negative ions, cesium is usually evaporated inside the source and deposited onto the plasma walls, reducing the work function of the surfaces. This dramatically increases the density of negative hydrogen ions near the surfaces, causing the transition to an electronegative plasma in the vicinity of the plasma grid. This condition can be observed with Langmuir probes, which can then be used to provide a local meaurement of negative ion density in the ion source. In this paper we use the measurements provided by the Langmuir probe sensors embedded in the plasma grid of SPIDER, the prototype ion source of ITER NBIs, to determine the density of negative ions. A fitting method based on the determination of the collection area of the different plasma species is proposed and adapted to SPIDER experimental condition, taking into account the shape of the probes and the local topology of the magnetic field. The method is then applied to the experimental data, determining the densities of the positive and negative ions and of the electrons during a plasma pulse. Finally, a vertical array of four probes in the plasma grid is used to assess the vertical profile of plasma parameters., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, contributed paper to the NIBS 22 conference. Submitted to Journal of Instrumentation

Published
2023

3. Negative ion density in the ion source SPIDER in Cs free conditions

Author

Barbisan, M., Agnello, R., Casati, G., Pasqualotto, R., Poggi, C., Sartori, E., Spolaore, M., and Serianni, G.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

The SPIDER experiment, operated at the Neutral Beam Test Facility of Consorzio RFX, Padua, hosts the prototype of the H-/D- ion source for the ITER neutral beam injectors. The maximization of the ion current extracted from the source and the minimization of the amount of co-extracted electrons are among the most relevant targets to accomplish. The Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy diagnostic measures the negative ion density in the source close to the plasma grid (the plasma-facing grid of the ion acceleration system), so to identify the source operational parameters that maximize the amount of negative ions which can be extracted. In this study SPIDER was operated in hydrogen and deuterium in Cs-free conditions, therefore negative ions were mostly produced by reactions in the plasma volume. This work shows how the magnetic filter field and the bias currents, present in SPIDER to limit the amount of co-extracted electrons, affect the density of negative ions available for extraction. The results indicate that the magnetic filter field in front of the acceleration system should be set between about 1.6 mT, condition that maximizes the density of available negative ions, and about 3.2 mT, condition that minimizes the ratio of electron current to ion current. The negative ion density also resulted to be maximized when the plasma grid and its surrounding bias plate was positively biased against the source body with a total current in the range 0 A{\div}100 A. The paper shows also how much, in Cs-free conditions, the electric fields in the acceleration system can affect the density of negative ions in the source, close to the plasma grid apertures., Comment: 19 pages, 10 figures. Accepted manuscript of a published paper

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

6. Experimental research on the TCV tokamak

Author

B.P. Duval, A. Abdolmaleki, M. Agostini, C.J. Ajay, S. Alberti, E. Alessi, G. Anastasiou, Y. Andrèbe, G.M. Apruzzese, F. Auriemma, J. Ayllon-Guerola, F. Bagnato, A. Baillod, F. Bairaktaris, L. Balbinot, A. Balestri, M. Baquero-Ruiz, C. Barcellona, M. Bernert, W. Bin, P. Blanchard, J. Boedo, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, L. Boncagni, M. Bonotto, T.O.S.J. Bosman, D. Brida, D. Brunetti, J. Buchli, J. Buerman, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, D. Busil, J. Caloud, Y. Camenen, A. Cardinali, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, F. Carpanese, M. Carpita, C. Castaldo, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J.A. Cazabonne, J. Cerovsky, B. Chapman, M. Chernyshova, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, G. Ciraolo, S. Coda, C. Colandrea, C. Contré, R. Coosemans, L. Cordaro, S. Costea, T. Craciunescu, K. Crombe, A. Dal Molin, O. D’Arcangelo, D. de Las Casas, J. Decker, J. Degrave, H. de Oliveira, G.L. Derks, L.E. di Grazia, C. Donner, M. Dreval, M.G. Dunne, G. Durr-Legoupil-Nicoud, B. Esposito, T. Ewalds, M. Faitsch, M. Farník, A. Fasoli, F. Felici, J. Ferreira, O. Février, O. Ficker, A. Frank, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, L. Fritz, I. Furno, D. Galassi, K. Gałązka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, S. Galeani, C. Galperti, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia-Munoz, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, J. Genoud, R. Gerrú Miguelanez, G. Ghillardi, M. Giacomin, L. Gil, A. Gillgren, C. Giroud, T. Golfinopoulos, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, S. Gorno, G. Grenfell, M. Griener, M. Gruca, T. Gyergyek, R. Hafner, M. Hamed, D. Hamm, W. Han, G. Harrer, J.R. Harrison, D. Hassabis, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, J. Hidalgo-Salaverri, J-P. Hogge, M. Hoppe, J. Horacek, A. Huber, E. Huett, A. Iantchenko, P. Innocente, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova Stanik, M. Jablczynska, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, H. Järleblad, A.E. Järvinen, J. Kalis, R. Karimov, A.N. Karpushov, K. Kavukcuoglu, J. Kay, Y. Kazakov, J. Keeling, A. Kirjasuo, J.T.W. Koenders, P. Kohli, M. Komm, M. Kong, J. Kovacic, E. Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, O. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, U. Kumar, R. Kwiatkowski, B. Labit, L. Laguardia, E. Laszynska, A. Lazaros, K. Lee, E. Lerche, B. Linehan, D. Liuzza, T. Lunt, E. Macusova, D. Mancini, P. Mantica, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, S. Marchioni, A. Mariani, M. Marin, A. Marinoni, L. Martellucci, Y. Martin, P. Martin, L. Martinelli, F. Martinelli, J.R. Martin-Solis, S. Masillo, R. Masocco, V. Masson, A. Mathews, M. Mattei, D. Mazon, S. Mazzi, S.Y. Medvedev, C. Meineri, A. Mele, V. Menkovski, A. Merle, H. Meyer, K. Mikszuta-Michalik, I.G. Miron, P.A. Molina Cabrera, A. Moro, A. Murari, P. Muscente, D. Mykytchuk, F. Nabais, F. Napoli, R.D. Nem, M. Neunert, S.K. Nielsen, A. Nielsen, M. Nocente, S. Noury, S. Nowak, H. Nyström, N. Offeddu, S. Olasz, F. Oliva, D.S. Oliveira, F.P. Orsitto, N. Osborne, P. Oyola Dominguez, O. Pan, E. Panontin, A.D. Papadopoulos, P. Papagiannis, G. Papp, M. Passoni, F. Pastore, A. Pau, R.O. Pavlichenko, A.C. Pedersen, M. Pedrini, G. Pelka, E. Peluso, A. Perek, C. Perez Von Thun, F. Pesamosca, D. Pfau, V. Piergotti, L. Pigatto, C. Piron, L. Piron, A. Pironti, U. Plank, V. Plyusnin, Y.R.J. Poels, G.I. Pokol, J. Poley-Sanjuan, M. Poradzinski, L. Porte, C. Possieri, A. Poulsen, M.J. Pueschel, T. Pütterich, V. Quadri, M. Rabinski, R. Ragona, H. Raj, A. Redl, H. Reimerdes, C. Reux, D. Ricci, M. Riedmiller, S. Rienäcker, D. Rigamonti, N. Rispoli, J.F. Rivero-Rodriguez, C.F. Romero Madrid, J. Rueda Rueda, P.J. Ryan, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, M. Sassano, O. Sauter, N. Schoonheere, R.W. Schrittwieser, F. Sciortino, A. Selce, L. Senni, S. Sharapov, U.A. Sheikh, B. Sieglin, M. Silva, D. Silvagni, B. Simmendefeldt Schmidt, L. Simons, E.R. Solano, C. Sozzi, M. Spolaore, L. Spolladore, A. Stagni, P. Strand, G. Sun, W. Suttrop, J. Svoboda, B. Tal, T. Tala, P. Tamain, M. Tardocchi, A. Tema Biwole, A. Tenaglia, D. Terranova, D. Testa, C. Theiler, A. Thornton, A.S. Thrysoe, M. Tomes, E. Tonello, H. Torreblanca, B. Tracey, M. Tsimpoukelli, C. Tsironis, C.K. Tsui, M. Ugoletti, M. Vallar, M. van Berkel, S. van Mulders, M. van Rossem, C. Venturini, M. Veranda, T. Verdier, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, N. Vianello, E. Viezzer, F. Villone, B. Vincent, P. Vincenzi, I. Voitsekhovitch, L. Votta, N.M.T. Vu, Y. Wang, E. Wang, T. Wauters, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, S. Wiesen, M. Wiesenberger, T. Wijkamp, C. Wüthrich, D. Yadykin, H. Yang, V. Yanovskiy, J. Zebrowski, P. Zestanakis, M. Zuin, and M. Zurita

Subjects
TCV, review, plasma, SPC, EPFL, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Tokamak à configuration variable (TCV), recently celebrating 30 years of near-continual operation, continues in its missions to advance outstanding key physics and operational scenario issues for ITER and the design of future power plants such as DEMO. The main machine heating systems and operational changes are first described. Then follow five sections: plasma scenarios. ITER Base-Line (IBL) discharges, triangularity studies together with X3 heating and N2 seeding. Edge localised mode suppression, with a high radiation region near the X-point is reported with N _2 injection with and without divertor baffles in a snowflake configuration. Negative triangularity (NT) discharges attained record, albeit transient, β _N ∼ 3 with lower turbulence, higher low-Z impurity transport, vertical stability and density limits and core transport better than the IBL. Positive triangularity L-Mode linear and saturated ohmic confinement confinement saturation, often-correlated with intrinsic toroidal rotation reversals, was probed for D, H and He working gases. H-mode confinement and pedestal studies were extended to low collisionality with electron cyclotron heating obtaining steady state electron iternal transport barrier with neutral beam heating (NBH), and NBH driven H-mode configurations with off-axis co-electron cyclotron current drive. Fast particle physics. The physics of disruptions, runaway electrons and fast ions (FIs) was developed using near-full current conversion at disruption with recombination thresholds characterised for impurity species (Ne, Ar, Kr). Different flushing gases (D2, H2) and pathways to trigger a benign disruption were explored. The 55 kV NBH II generated a rich Alfvénic spectrum modulating the FI fas ion loss detector signal. NT configurations showed less toroidal Alfvén excitation activity preferentially affecting higher FI pitch angles. Scrape-off layer and edge physics. gas puff imaging systems characterised turbulent plasma ejection for several advanced divertor configurations, including NT. Combined diagnostic array divertor state analysis in detachment conditions was compared to modelling revealing an importance for molecular processes. Divertor physics. Internal gas baffles diversified to include shorter/longer structures on the high and/or low field side to probe compressive efficiency. Divertor studies concentrated upon mitigating target power, facilitating detachment and increasing the radiated power fraction employing alternative divertor geometries, optimised X-point radiator regimes and long-legged configurations. Smaller-than-expected improvements with total flux expansion were better modelled when including parallel flows. Peak outer target heat flux reduction was achieved (>50%) for high flux-expansion geometries, maintaining core performance ( H _98 > 1). A reduction in target heat loads and facilitated detachment access at lower core densities is reported. Real-time control. TCV’s real-time control upgrades employed MIMO gas injector control of stable, robust, partial detachment and plasma β feedback control avoiding neoclassical tearing modes with plasma confinement changes. Machine-learning enhancements include trajectory tracking disruption proximity and avoidance as well as a first-of-its-kind reinforcement learning-based controller for the plasma equilibrium trained entirely on a free-boundary simulator. Finally, a short description of TCV’s immediate future plans will be given.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

7. Overview of ASDEX upgrade results in view of ITER and DEMO

Author

H. Zohm, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, N. Arden, V. Artigues, M. Astrain, O. Asunta, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, A. Banon Navarro, M. Bauer, A. Bergmann, M. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bielajew, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, L. Bock, T. Body, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, M. Brenzke, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, B. Cannas, P. Cano Megías, D. Carlton, M. Carr, P. Carvalho, C. Castaldo, A. Castillo Castillo, A. Cathey, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, C. Challis, A. Chankin, A. Chomiczewska, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, S. Costea, D. Coster, T. Cote, A.J. Creely, G. Croci, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, I. Cziegler, O. D’Arcangelo, A. Dal Molin, P. David, C. Day, M. de Baar, P. de Marné, R. Delogu, P. Denner, A. Di Siena, M. Dibon, J.J. Dominguez-Palacios Durán, D. Dunai, M. Dreval, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, A. Encheva, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, D. Fajardo Jimenez, U. Fantz, M. Farnik, H. Faugel, F. Felici, O. Ficker, A. Figueredo, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Gallart Escolà, A. Gallo, Y. Gao, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia Muñoz, B. Geiger, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, E. Giovannozzi, I. Girka, O. Girka, T. Gleiter, S. Glöggler, M. Gobbin, J.C. Gonzalez, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, T. Görler, D. Gradic, G. Granucci, A. Gräter, G. Grenfell, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, O. Grover, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, S. Günter, D. Hachmeister, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Heinemann, P. Heinrich, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, M. Herschel, S. Heuraux, A. Herrmann, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, S. Hörmann, J.H. Holm, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horvath, T. Höschen, A. Houben, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, K. Hunger, V. Igochine, M. Iliasova, J. Illerhaus, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova-Stanik, S. Jachmich, W. Jacob, N. Jaksic, A. Jansen van Vuuren, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, A. Kallenbach, J. Kalis, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, E. Khilkevitch, M. Kircher, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, F. Klossek, G. Kocsis, M. Koleva, M. Komm, M. Kong, A. Krämer-Flecken, M. Krause, I. Krebs, A. Kreuzeder, K. Krieger, O. Kudlacek, D. Kulla, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, A. Lahtinen, P. Lainer, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, M. Lehnen, L. Leppin, E. Lerche, N. Leuthold, L. Li, J. Likonen, O. Linder, H. Lindl, B. Lipschultz, Y. Liu, Z. Lu, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, A. Magnanimo, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, O. Maj, E. Maljaars, V. Maquet, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, M. Markl, L. Marrelli, P. Martin, F. Matos, M. Mayer, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, G. Meng, R. Merkel, A. Merle, H. Meyer, M. Michelini, D. Milanesio, V. Mitterauer, P. Molina Cabrera, M. Muraca, F. Nabais, V. Naulin, R. Nazikian, R.D. Nem, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, T. Nishizawa, M. Nocente, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, R. Ochoukov, J. Olsen, P. Oyola, O. Pan, G. Papp, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, C. Paz-Soldan, M. Peglau, E. Peluso, P. Petersson, C. Piron, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Plöckl, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, A. Popa, L. Porte, J. Puchmayr, T. Pütterich, L. Radovanovic, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, A. Redl, D. Réfy, M. Reich, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, B. Rettino, T. Ribeiro, D. Ricci, R. Riedl, J. Riesch, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, V. Rohde, G. Ronchi, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D.A. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Samoylov, L. Sanchis Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, G. Schall, A. Schlüter, J. Scholte, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, C. Schuster, N. Schwarz, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, F. Sciortino, O. Seibold-Benjak, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, A. Shevelev, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, J. Simpson, S. Sipilä, A. Snicker, E. Solano, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, M. Spacek, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, D. Stieglitz, J. Stober, U. Stroth, E. Strumberger, G. Suarez Lopez, W. Suttrop, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, W. Tang, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Teschke, E. Thorén, W. Tierens, D. Told, W. Treutterer, G. Trevisan, M. Tripský, P. Ulbl, G. Urbanczyk, M. Usoltseva, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, S. van Mulders, M. van Zeeland, F. Vannini, B. Vanovac, P. Varela, S. Varoutis, T. Verdier, G. Verdoolaege, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, I. Voitsekhovitch, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, X. Wang, M. Weiland, D. Wendler, A.E. White, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, Q. Yang, C. Yoo, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, T. Zehetbauer, W. Zhang, W. Zholobenko, A. Zibrov, M. Zilker, C.F.B. Zimmermann, A. Zito, S. Zoletnik, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team

Subjects
tokamak, MHD stability, transport modelling, radiative exhaust, disruption physics, ELM free scenarios, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Experiments on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) in 2021 and 2022 have addressed a number of critical issues for ITER and EU DEMO. A major objective of the AUG programme is to shed light on the underlying physics of confinement, stability, and plasma exhaust in order to allow reliable extrapolation of results obtained on present day machines to these reactor-grade devices. Concerning pedestal physics, the mitigation of edge localised modes (ELMs) using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) was found to be consistent with a reduction of the linear peeling-ballooning stability threshold due to the helical deformation of the plasma. Conversely, ELM suppression by RMPs is ascribed to an increased pedestal transport that keeps the plasma away from this boundary. Candidates for this increased transport are locally enhanced turbulence and a locked magnetic island in the pedestal. The enhanced D-alpha (EDA) and quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) regimes have been established as promising ELM-free scenarios. Here, the pressure gradient at the foot of the H-mode pedestal is reduced by a quasi-coherent mode, consistent with violation of the high-n ballooning mode stability limit there. This is suggestive that the EDA and QCE regimes have a common underlying physics origin. In the area of transport physics, full radius models for both L- and H-modes have been developed. These models predict energy confinement in AUG better than the commonly used global scaling laws, representing a large step towards the goal of predictive capability. A new momentum transport analysis framework has been developed that provides access to the intrinsic torque in the plasma core. In the field of exhaust, the X-Point Radiator (XPR), a cold and dense plasma region on closed flux surfaces close to the X-point, was described by an analytical model that provides an understanding of its formation as well as its stability, i.e., the conditions under which it transitions into a deleterious MARFE with the potential to result in a disruptive termination. With the XPR close to the divertor target, a new detached divertor concept, the compact radiative divertor, was developed. Here, the exhaust power is radiated before reaching the target, allowing close proximity of the X-point to the target. No limitations by the shallow field line angle due to the large flux expansion were observed, and sufficient compression of neutral density was demonstrated. With respect to the pumping of non-recycling impurities, the divertor enrichment was found to mainly depend on the ionisation energy of the impurity under consideration. In the area of MHD physics, analysis of the hot plasma core motion in sawtooth crashes showed good agreement with nonlinear 2-fluid simulations. This indicates that the fast reconnection observed in these events is adequately described including the pressure gradient and the electron inertia in the parallel Ohm’s law. Concerning disruption physics, a shattered pellet injection system was installed in collaboration with the ITER International Organisation. Thanks to the ability to vary the shard size distribution independently of the injection velocity, as well as its impurity admixture, it was possible to tailor the current quench rate, which is an important requirement for future large devices such as ITER. Progress was also made modelling the force reduction of VDEs induced by massive gas injection on AUG. The H-mode density limit was characterised in terms of safe operational space with a newly developed active feedback control method that allowed the stability boundary to be probed several times within a single discharge without inducing a disruptive termination. Regarding integrated operation scenarios, the role of density peaking in the confinement of the ITER baseline scenario (high plasma current) was clarified. The usual energy confinement scaling ITER98( p,y ) does not capture this effect, but the more recent H20 scaling does, highlighting again the importance of developing adequate physics based models. Advanced tokamak scenarios, aiming at large non-inductive current fraction due to non-standard profiles of the safety factor in combination with high normalised plasma pressure were studied with a focus on their access conditions. A method to guide the approach of the targeted safety factor profiles was developed, and the conditions for achieving good confinement were clarified. Based on this, two types of advanced scenarios (‘hybrid’ and ‘elevated’ q -profile) were established on AUG and characterised concerning their plasma performance.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

8. Overview of the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation programme in support of ITER and DEMO

Author

E. Joffrin, M. Wischmeier, M. Baruzzo, A. Hakola, A. Kappatou, D. Keeling, B. Labit, E. Tsitrone, N. Vianello, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, JET Contributors, the MAST-U Team, the TCV Team, the WEST Team, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team:, D. Abate, J. Adamek, M. Agostini, C. Albert, F.C.P. Albert Devasagayam, S. Aleiferis, E. Alessi, J. Alhage, S. Allan, J. Allcock, M. Alonzo, G. Anastasiou, E. Andersson Sunden, C. Angioni, Y. Anquetin, L. Appel, G.M. Apruzzese, M. Ariola, C. Arnas, J.F. Artaud, W. Arter, O. Asztalos, L. Aucone, M.H. Aumeunier, F. Auriemma, J. Ayllon, E. Aymerich, A. Baciero, F. Bagnato, L. Bähner, F. Bairaktaris, P. Balázs, L. Balbinot, I. Balboa, M. Balden, A. Balestri, M. Baquero Ruiz, T. Barberis, C. Barcellona, O. Bardsley, S. Benkadda, T. Bensadon, E. Bernard, M. Bernert, H. Betar, R. Bianchetti Morales, J. Bielecki, R. Bilato, P. Bilkova, W. Bin, G. Birkenmeier, R. Bisson, P. Blanchard, A. Bleasdale, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, A. Bock, K. Bogar, P. Bohm, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, N. Bonanomi, L. Boncagni, D. Bonfiglio, R. Bonifetto, M. Bonotto, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, T.O.S.J. Bosman, C. Bourdelle, C. Bowman, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, R. Brunet, D. Brunetti, V. Bruno, R. Buchholz, J. Buermans, H. Bufferand, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, J. Cai, R. Calado, J. Caloud, S. Cancelli, F. Cani, B. Cannas, M. Cappelli, S. Carcangiu, A. Cardinali, S. Carli, D. Carnevale, M. Carole, M. Carpita, D. Carralero, F. Caruggi, I.S. Carvalho, I. Casiraghi, A. Casolari, F.J. Casson, C. Castaldo, A. Cathey, F. Causa, J. Cavalier, M. Cavedon, J. Cazabonne, M. Cecconello, L. Ceelen, A. Celora, J. Cerovsky, C.D. Challis, R. Chandra, A. Chankin, B. Chapman, H. Chen, M. Chernyshova, A.G. Chiariello, P. Chmielewski, A. Chomiczewska, C. Cianfarani, G. Ciraolo, J. Citrin, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, I.H. Coffey, C. Colandrea, L. Colas, S. Conroy, C. Contre, N.J. Conway, L. Cordaro, Y. Corre, D. Costa, S. Costea, D. Coster, X. Courtois, C. Cowley, T. Craciunescu, G. Croci, A.M. Croitoru, K. Crombe, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, T. Czarski, A. Da Ros, A. Dal Molin, M. Dalla Rosa, Y. Damizia, O. D’Arcangelo, P. David, M. De Angeli, E. De la Cal, E. De La Luna, G. De Tommasi, J. Decker, R. Dejarnac, D. Del Sarto, G. Derks, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, S. Di Genova, L.E. di Grazia, A. Di Siena, M. Dicorato, M. Diez, M. Dimitrova, T. Dittmar, L. Dittrich, J.J. Domínguez Palacios Durán, P. Donnel, D. Douai, S. Dowson, S. Doyle, M. Dreval, P. Drews, L. Dubus, R. Dumont, D. Dunai, M. Dunne, A. Durif, F. Durodie, G. Durr Legoupil Nicoud, B. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, A. Ekedahl, S. Elmore, G. Ericsson, J. Eriksson, B. Eriksson, F. Eriksson, S. Ertmer, A. Escarguel, B. Esposito, T. Estrada, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, N. Fakhrayi Mofrad, A. Fanni, T. Farley, M. Farník, N. Fedorczak, F. Felici, X. Feng, J. Ferreira, D. Ferreira, N. Ferron, O. Fevrier, O. Ficker, A.R. Field, A. Figueiredo, N. Fil, D. Fiorucci, M. Firdaouss, R. Fischer, M. Fitzgerald, M. Flebbe, M. Fontana, J. Fontdecaba Climent, A. Frank, E. Fransson, L. Frassinetti, D. Frigione, S. Futatani, R. Futtersack, S. Gabriellini, D. Gadariya, D. Galassi, K. Galazka, J. Galdon, S. Galeani, D. Gallart, A. Gallo, C. Galperti, M. Gambrioli, S. Garavaglia, J. Garcia, M. Garcia Munoz, J. Gardarein, L. Garzotti, J. Gaspar, R. Gatto, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, J. Gerardin, S.N. Gerasimov, R. Gerru Miguelanez, G. Gervasini, Z. Ghani, F.M. Ghezzi, G. Ghillardi, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, A. Gillgren, E. Giovannozzi, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, T. Gleiter, M. Gobbin, V. Goloborodko, A. González Ganzábal, T. Goodman, V. Gopakumar, G. Gorini, T. Görler, S. Gorno, G. Granucci, D. Greenhouse, G. Grenfell, M. Griener, W. Gromelski, M. Groth, O. Grover, M. Gruca, A. Gude, C. Guillemaut, R. Guirlet, J. Gunn, T. Gyergyek, L. Hagg, J. Hall, C.J. Ham, M. Hamed, T. Happel, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, D. Harting, N.C. Hawkes, P. Heinrich, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, R. Henriques, S. Heuraux, J. Hidalgo Salaverri, J. Hillairet, J.C. Hillesheim, A. Hjalmarsson, A. Ho, J. Hobirk, E. Hodille, M. Hölzl, M. Hoppe, J. Horacek, N. Horsten, L. Horvath, M. Houry, K. Hromasova, J. Huang, Z. Huang, A. Huber, E. Huett, P. Huynh, A. Iantchenko, M. Imrisek, P. Innocente, C. Ionita Schrittwieser, H. Isliker, P. Ivanova, I. Ivanova Stanik, M. Jablczynska, S. Jachmich, A.S. Jacobsen, P. Jacquet, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, H. Järleblad, A. Järvinen, F. Jaulmes, T. Jensen, I. Jepu, S. Jessica, T. Johnson, A. Juven, J. Kalis, J. Karhunen, R. Karimov, A.N. Karpushov, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, P.V. Kazantzidis, W. Kernbichler, HT. Kim, D.B. King, V.G. Kiptily, A. Kirjasuo, K.K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, A. Kit, T. Kiviniemi, F. Kjær, E. Klinkby, A. Knieps, U. Knoche, M. Kochan, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, J.T.W. Koenders, L. Kogan, Y. Kolesnichenko, Y. Kominis, M. Komm, M. Kong, B. Kool, S.B. Korsholm, D. Kos, M. Koubiti, J. Kovacic, Y. Kovtun, E. Kowalska Strzeciwilk, K. Koziol, M. Kozulia, A. Krämer Flecken, A. Kreter, K. Krieger, U. Kruezi, O. Krutkin, O. Kudlacek, U. Kumar, H. Kumpulainen, M.H. Kushoro, R. Kwiatkowski, M. La Matina, M. Lacquaniti, L. Laguardia, P. Lainer, P. Lang, M. Larsen, E. Laszynska, K.D. Lawson, A. Lazaros, E. Lazzaro, M.Y.K. Lee, S. Leerink, M. Lehnen, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, Y. Liang, A. Lier, J. Likonen, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, A. Listopad, X. Litaudon, E. Litherland Smith, D. Liuzza, T. Loarer, P.J. Lomas, J. Lombardo, N. Lonigro, R. Lorenzini, C. Lowry, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, A. Ludvig Osipov, T. Lunt, V. Lutsenko, E. Macusova, R. Mäenpää, P. Maget, C.F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, S. Makarov, K. Malinowski, P. Manas, A. Mancini, D. Mancini, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, J. Manyer, M. Maraschek, G. Marceca, G. Marcer, C. Marchetto, S. Marchioni, A. Mariani, M. Marin, M. Markl, T. Markovic, D. Marocco, S. Marsden, L. Martellucci, P. Martin, C. Martin, F. Martinelli, L. Martinelli, J.R. Martin Solis, R. Martone, M. Maslov, R. Masocco, M. Mattei, G.F. Matthews, D. Matveev, E. Matveeva, M.L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, S. Mazzi, C. Mazzotta, G. McArdle, R. McDermott, K. McKay, A.G. Meigs, C. Meineri, A. Mele, V. Menkovski, S. Menmuir, A. Merle, H. Meyer, K. Mikszuta Michalik, D. Milanesio, F. Militello, A. Milocco, I.G. Miron, J. Mitchell, R. Mitteau, V. Mitterauer, J. Mlynar, V. Moiseenko, P. Molna, F. Mombelli, C. Monti, A. Montisci, J. Morales, P. Moreau, J.M. Moret, A. Moro, D. Moulton, P. Mulholland, M. Muraglia, A. Murari, A. Muraro, P. Muscente, D. Mykytchuk, F. Nabais, Y. Nakeva, F. Napoli, E. Nardon, M.F. Nave, R.D. Nem, A. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, M. Nocente, R. Nouailletas, S. Nowak, H. Nyström, R. Ochoukov, N. Offeddu, S. Olasz, C. Olde, F. Oliva, D. Oliveira, H.J.C. Oliver, P. Ollus, J. Ongena, F.P. Orsitto, N. Osborne, R. Otin, P. Oyola Dominguez, D.I. Palade, S. Palomba, O. Pan, N. Panadero, E. Panontin, A. Papadopoulos, P. Papagiannis, G. Papp, V.V. Parail, C. Pardanaud, J. Parisi, A. Parrott, K. Paschalidis, M. Passoni, F. Pastore, A. Patel, B. Patel, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, R. Pavlichenko, E. Pawelec, B. Pegourie, G. Pelka, E. Peluso, A. Perek, E. Perelli Cippo, C. Perez Von Thun, P. Petersson, G. Petravich, Y. Peysson, V. Piergotti, L. Pigatto, C. Piron, L. Piron, A. Pironti, F. Pisano, U. Plank, B. Ploeckl, V. Plyusnin, A. Podolnik, Y. Poels, G. Pokol, J. Poley, G. Por, M. Poradzinski, F. Porcelli, L. Porte, C. Possieri, A. Poulsen, I. Predebon, G. Pucella, M. Pueschel, P. Puglia, O. Putignano, T. Pütterich, V. Quadri, A. Quercia, M. Rabinski, L. Radovanovic, R. Ragona, H. Raj, M. Rasinski, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, R. Rayaprolu, M. Rebai, A. Redl, D. Rees, D. Refy, M. Reich, H. Reimerdes, B.C.G. Reman, O. Renders, C. Reux, D. Ricci, M. Richou, S. Rienacker, D. Rigamonti, F. Rigollet, F.G. Rimini, D. Ripamonti, N. Rispoli, N. Rivals, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, C. Roach, G. Rocchi, S. Rode, P. Rodrigues, J. Romazanov, C.F. Romero Madrid, J. Rosato, R. Rossi, G. Rubino, J. Rueda Rueda, J. Ruiz Ruiz, P. Ryan, D. Ryan, S. Saarelma, R. Sabot, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, L. Sanchis, A. Sand, J. Santos, K. Särkimäki, M. Sassano, O. Sauter, G. Schettini, S. Schmuck, P. Schneider, N. Schoonheere, R. Schramm, R. Schrittwieser, C. Schuster, N. Schwarz, F. Sciortino, M. Scotto D’Abusco, S. Scully, A. Selce, L. Senni, M. Senstius, G. Sergienko, S.E. Sharapov, R. Sharma, A. Shaw, U. Sheikh, G. Sias, B. Sieglin, S.A. Silburn, C. Silva, A. Silva, D. Silvagni, B. Simmendefeldt Schmidt, L. Simons, J. Simpson, L. Singh, S. Sipilä, Y. Siusko, S. Smith, A. Snicker, E.R. Solano, V. Solokha, M. Sos, C. Sozzi, F. Spineanu, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, L. Spolladore, C. Srinivasan, A. Stagni, Z. Stancar, G. Stankunas, J. Stober, P. Strand, C.I. Stuart, F. Subba, G.Y. Sun, H.J. Sun, W. Suttrop, J. Svoboda, T. Szepesi, G. Szepesi, B. Tal, T. Tala, P. Tamain, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Taylor, G. Telesca, A. Tenaglia, A. Terra, D. Terranova, D. Testa, C. Theiler, E. Tholerus, B. Thomas, E. Thoren, A. Thornton, A. Thrysoe, Q. TICHIT, W. Tierens, A. Titarenko, P. Tolias, E. Tomasina, M. Tomes, E. Tonello, A. Tookey, M. Toscano Jiménez, C. Tsironis, C. Tsui, A. Tykhyy, M. Ugoletti, M. Usoltseva, D.F. Valcarcel, A. Valentini, M. Valisa, M. Vallar, M. Valovic, SI. Valvis, M. van Berkel, D. Van Eester, S. Van Mulders, M. van Rossem, R. Vann, B. Vanovac, J. Varela Rodriguez, J. Varje, S. Vartanian, M. Vecsei, L. Velarde Gallardo, M. Veranda, T. Verdier, G. Verdoolaege, K. Verhaegh, L. Vermare, G. Verona Rinati, J. Vicente, E. Viezzer, L. Vignitchouk, F. Villone, B. Vincent, P. Vincenzi, M.O. Vlad, G. Vogel, I. Voitsekhovitch, I. Voldiner, P. Vondracek, N.M.T. VU, T. Vuoriheimo, C. Wade, E. Wang, T. Wauters, M. Weiland, H. Weisen, N. Wendler, D. Weston, A. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, M. Wiesenberger, T. Wijkamp, M. Willensdorfer, T. Wilson, A. Wojenski, C. Wuethrich, I. Wyss, L. Xiang, S. Xu, D. Yadykin, Y. Yakovenko, H. Yang, V. Yanovskiy, R. Yi, B. Zaar, G. Zadvitskiy, L. Zakharov, P. Zanca, D. Zarzoso, Y. Zayachuk, J. Zebrowski, M. Zerbini, P. Zestanakis, C. F. B. Zimmermann, M. Zlobinski, A. Zohar, V.K. Zotta, X. Zou, M. Zuin, M. Zurita, and I. Zychor

Subjects
JET, ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST, Tokamak Exploitation Task Force, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Within the 9th European Framework programme, since 2021 EUROfusion is operating five tokamaks under the auspices of a single Task Force called ‘Tokamak Exploitation’. The goal is to benefit from the complementary capabilities of each machine in a coordinated way and help in developing a scientific output scalable to future largre machines. The programme of this Task Force ensures that ASDEX Upgrade, MAST-U, TCV, WEST and JET (since 2022) work together to achieve the objectives of Missions 1 and 2 of the EUROfusion Roadmap: i) demonstrate plasma scenarios that increase the success margin of ITER and satisfy the requirements of DEMO and, ii) demonstrate an integrated approach that can handle the large power leaving ITER and DEMO plasmas. The Tokamak Exploitation task force has therefore organized experiments on these two missions with the goal to strengthen the physics and operational basis for the ITER baseline scenario and for exploiting the recent plasma exhaust enhancements in all four devices (PEX: Plasma EXhaust) for exploring the solution for handling heat and particle exhaust in ITER and develop the conceptual solutions for DEMO. The ITER Baseline scenario has been developed in a similar way in ASDEX Upgrade, TCV and JET. Key risks for ITER such as disruptions and run-aways have been also investigated in TCV, ASDEX Upgrade and JET. Experiments have explored successfully different divertor configurations (standard, super-X, snowflakes) in MAST-U and TCV and studied tungsten melting in WEST and ASDEX Upgrade. The input from the smaller devices to JET has also been proven successful to set-up novel control schemes on disruption avoidance and detachment.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

9. Overview of the first Wendelstein 7-X long pulse campaign with fully water-cooled plasma facing components

Author

O. Grulke, C. Albert, J.A. Alcuson Belloso, P. Aleynikov, K. Aleynikova, A. Alonso, G. Anda, T. Andreeva, M. Arvanitou, E. Ascasibar, E. Aymerich, K. Avramidis, J.-P. Bähner, S.-G. Baek, M. Balden, J. Baldzuhn, S. Ballinger, M. Banduch, S. Bannmann, A. Bañón Navarro, L. Baylor, C.D. Beidler, M. Beurskens, C. Biedermann, G. Birkenmeier, T. Bluhm, D. Boeckenhoff, D. Boeyaert, D. Bold, M. Borchardt, D. Borodin, H.-S. Bosch, H. Bouvain, S. Bozhenkov, T. Bräuer, H. Braune, C. Brandt, S. Brezinsek, K.J. Brunner, C. Büschel, R. Bussiahn, A. Buzás, B. Buttenschoen, V. Bykov, I. Calvo, A. Cappa, F. Carovani, D. Carralero, A. Carls, B. Carvalho, D. Castaño-Bardawil, N. Chaudhary, I. Chelis, S. Chen, D. Cipciar, J.W. Coenen, G. Conway, M. Cornelissen, Y. Corre, P. Costello, K. Crombe, G. Cseh, B. Csillag, H.I. Cu Castillo, G. Czymek, H. Damm, R.J. Davies, C. Day, S. Degenkolbe, R. De Wolf, W. Dekeyser, A. Demby, P. Despontin, C.P. Dhard, A. Dinklage, F.A. d’Isa, T. Dittmar, M. Dreval, M. Drevlak, P. Drews, J. Droste, D. Dunai, C. Dyhring, P. van Eeten, E. Edlund, M. Endler, D.A. Ennis, F.J. Escoto, M.S. Espinosa, T. Estrada, D. Fehling, L. Feuerstein, J. Fellinger, Y. Feng, D.L.C. Fernando, S. Fischer, E.R. Flom, O. Ford, T. Fornal, J. Frank, H. Frerichs, G. Fuchert, G. Gantenbein, Y. Gao, K. Garcia, I. García-Cortés, J.M. García-Regaña, B. Geiger, J. Geiger, P. Geissler, M. Gerard, G. Godino-Sedano, T. Gonda, A. González, A. Goriaev, D. Gradic, M. Grahl, H. Greuner, E. Grigore, M. Gruca, J.F. Guerrero Arnaiz, V. Haak, L. van Ham, K. Hammond, B. Hamstra, X. Han, S.K. Hansen, J. Harris, D. Hartmann, D. Hathiramani, S. Hegedus, S. Heinrich, P. Helander, F. Henke, S. Henneberg, L. Henschke, M. Hirsch, U. Hoefel, K. Hoefler, S. Hoermann, K.-P. Hollfeld, A. Holtz, D. Höschen, M. Houry, J. Huang, M. Hubeny, K. Hunger, D. Hwangbo, K. Ida, Y. Igitkhanov, S. Illy, Z. Ioannidis, M. Jablczynska, S. Jablonski, B. Jabłoński, B. Jagielski, M. Jakubowski, J. Jelonnek, F. Jenko, J. Jin, A. Johansson, G. Jouniaux, S. Kajita, J.-P. Kallmeyer, U. Kamionka, W. Kasparek, C. Kawan, Ye. O. Kazakov, N. Kenmochi, W. Kernbichler, A.K. Kharwandikar, M. Khokhlov, C. Killer, A. Kirschner, R. Kleiber, C.C. Klepper, T. Klinger, J. Knauer, A. Knieps, M. Kobayashi, G. Kocsis, Y. Kolesnichenko, A. Könies, J. Kontula, P. Kornejew, S.A. Korteweg, J. Koschinsky, J. Koster, Y. Kovtun, A. Krämer-Flecken, M. Krause, T. Kremeyer, L. Krier, D.M. Kriete, M. Krychowiak, I. Ksia¸zek, M. Kubkowska, M.D. Kuczyński, D. Kulla, A. Kumar, T. Kurki-Suonio, I. Kuzmych, S. Kwak, V. Lancelotti, A. Langenberg, H. Laqua, H.P. Laqua, M.R. Larsen, S. Lazerson, C. Lechte, B. Lee, A. LeViness, M. Lewerentz, Y. Liang, L. Liao, A. Litnovsky, J. Liu, J. Loizu, R. Lopez-Cansino, L.D. Lopez Rodriguez, A. Lorenz, R. Lunsford, Y. Luo, V. Lutsenko, N. Maaziz, M. Machielsen, R. Mackenbach, D. Makowski, E. Maragkoudakis, O. Marchuk, M. Markl, S. Marsen, J. Martínez, N. Marushchenko, S. Masuzaki, D.A. Maurer, M. Mayer, K.J. McCarthy, P. McNeely, D. Medina Roque, J. Meineke, S. Meitner, S. vaz Mendes, A. Menzel-Barbara, B. van Milligen, A. Mishchenko, V. Moiseenko, A. Möller, S. Möller, D. Moseev, G. Motojima, S. Mulas, P. Mulholland, M. Nagel, D. Nagy, Y. Narbutt, D. Naujoks, P. Nelde, R. Neu, O. Neubauer, U. Neuner, D. Nicolai, S. Nielsen, C. Nührenberg, R. Ochoukov, G. Offermanns, J. Ongena, J.W. Oosterbeek, M. Otte, N. Pablant, N. Panadero Alvarez, A. Pandey, G. Partesotti, E.A. Pasch, R. Pavlichenko, E. Pawelec, T.S. Pedersen, V. Perseo, B. Peterson, F. Pisano, B. Plaum, G. Plunk, L. Podavini, N.S. Polei, P. Poloskei, S. Ponomarenko, P. Pons-Villalonga, M. Porkolab, J. Proll, M.J. Pueschel, A. Puig Sitjes, R. Ragona, K. Rahbarnia, M. Rasiński, J. Rasmussen, D. Refy, F. Reimold, M. Richou, J.S. Riemann, K. Riße, J. de la Riva Villén, G. Roberg-Clark, E. Rodriguez, V. Rohde, J. Romazanov, T. Romba, D. Rondeshagen, M. Rud, T. Ruess, T. Rummel, A. Runov, C. Ruset, N. Rust, L. Ryc, T. Rzesnicki, M. Salewski, E. Sánchez, L. Sanchis Sanchez, G. Satheeswaran, J. Schacht, E. Scharff, J. Schilling, G. Schlisio, K. Schmid, J.C. Schmitt, O. Schmitz, M. Schneider, M. Van Schoor, T. Schröder, R. Schroeder, B. Schweer, S. Sereda, B. Shanahan, G. Sias, S. Simko, L. Singh, Y. Siusko, C. Slaby, M. Śle¸czka, B.S. Smith, D.R. Smith, H. Smith, M. Spolaore, A. Spring, T. Stange, A. von Stechow, I. Stepanov, M. Stern, U. Stroth, Y. Suzuki, C. Swee, L. Syrocki, T. Szabolics, T. Szepesi, R. Takacs, H. Takahashi, N. Tamura, C. Tantos, J. Terry, S. Thiede, H. Thienpondt, H. Thomsen, M. Thumm, T. Thun, S. Togo, T. Tork, H. Trimino Mora, A. Tsikouras, Y. Turkin, L. Vano, S. Varoutis, M. Vecsei, J.L. Velasco, M. Verstraeten, M. Vervier, E. Viezzer, J. Wagner, E. Wang, F. Wang, M. Wappl, F. Warmer, T. Wegner, Y. Wei, G. Weir, N. Wendler, U. Wenzel, A. White, F. Wilms, T. Windisch, A. Winter, V. Winters, R. Wolf, G. Wurden, P. Xanthopoulos, H.M. Xiang, S. Xu, H. Yamada, J. Yang, R. Yi, M. Yokoyama, B. Zamorski, M. Zanini, M. Zarnstorff, D. Zhang, S. Zhou, J. Zhu, J. Zimmermann, A. Zocco, and S. Zoletnik

Subjects
stellarator, long-pulse operation, magnetic fusion confinement, divertor detachment, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

After a long device enhancement phase, scientific operation resumed in 2022. The main new device components are the water cooling of all plasma facing components and the new water-cooled high heat flux divertor units. Water cooling allowed for the first long-pulse operation campaign. A maximum discharge length of 8 min was achieved with a total heating energy of 1.3 GJ. Safe divertor operation was demonstrated in attached and detached mode. Stable detachment is readily achieved in some magnetic configurations but requires impurity seeding in configurations with small magnetic pitch angle within the edge islands. Progress was made in the characterization of transport mechanisms across edge magnetic islands: Measurement of the potential distribution and flow pattern reveals that the islands are associated with a strong poloidal drift, which leads to rapid convection of energy and particles from the last closed flux surface into the scrape-off layer. Using the upgraded plasma heating systems, advanced heating scenarios were developed, which provide improved energy confinement comparable to the scenario, in which the record triple product for stellarators was achieved in the previous operation campaign. However, a magnetic configuration-dependent critical heating power limit of the electron cyclotron resonance heating was observed. Exceeding the respective power limit leads to a degradation of the confinement.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. RFX-mod2 as a flexible device for reversed-field-pinch and low-field tokamak research

Author

D. Terranova, M. Agostini, F. Auriemma, M. Gobbin, G. Marchiori, L. Pigatto, P. Porcu, I. Predebon, G. Spizzo, N. Vianello, P. Zanca, D. Abate, T. Bolzonella, D. Bonfiglio, M. Bonotto, S. Cappello, L. Carraro, R. Cavazzana, P. Franz, R. Lorenzini, L. Marrelli, R. Milazzo, S. Peruzzo, M.E. Puiatti, P. Scarin, M. Spolaore, E. Tomasina, M. Valisa, M. Veranda, B. Zaniol, and M. Zuin

Subjects
RFP, tokamak, transport, MHD, plasma control, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The RFX-mod2 installation is planned to be completed by 2024 and the start of operations is expected in 2025. The high flexibility of the machine (already tested in the previous RFX-mod experiment) allows operation in Reversed Field Pinch and tokamak configuration as well as ultra-low q pulses. In this work we present predictive analysis on transport, performances and plasma control in RFX-mod2 in view of the first experimental campaigns.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. RFX-mod2 diagnostic capability enhancements for the exploration of multi-magnetic-configurations

Author

L. Carraro, M. Zuin, D. Abate, P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, D. Aprile, M. Barbisan, A. Belpane, G. Berton, M. Bonotto, M. Brombin, R. Cavazzana, L. Cinnirella, S. Ciufo, G. Croci, L. Cordaro, F. D’Isa, S. Dal Bello, A. Dal Molin, G. De Masi, G. Emma, M. Fadone, A. Fassina, D. Fiorucci, P. Franz, L. Grando, F. Guiotto, M. La Matina, G. Marchiori, N. Marconato, I. Mario, L. Marrelli, R. Milazzo, S. Molisani, M. Moresco, A. Muraro, E. Perelli Cippo, S. Peruzzo, P. Porcu, N. Pomaro, M.E. Puiatti, O. Putignano, D. Rigamonti, A. Rigoni Garola, A. Rizzolo, F. Ruffini, P. Scarin, S. Spagnolo, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Ugoletti, M. Valisa, N. Vianello, and B. Zaniol

Subjects
reversed-field pinch, diagnostic, tokamak, helical equilibrium, H-mode, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The RFX-mod2 device, the upgraded version of the previous RFX-mod with a modified magnetic boundary, is presently under realization and will start to be operated in 2025. Significant upgrades of the diagnostic capabilities have been proposed and are under development. These include a largely increased number of in-vessel magnetic and electrostatic sensors, a new fast reciprocating manipulator for the exploration of the edge plasma in a wide range of experimental conditions, the improved Thomson scattering and soft x-ray diagnostics system for a detailed determination of the behavior of the electron temperature profile, new dedicated systems for the space and time resolved analysis of x-ray spectra and neutron rate, a reflectometric diagnostic for real-time determination of plasma position, two diagnostics devoted to the imaging of light impurities and influxes behavior along with arrays of halo current sensors. These diagnostic upgrades will be accompanied by a significant effort to improve the control of the electron density and of the impurity influxes by means of proper treatment of plasma facing components with in-vessel fixed electrodes distributed over the first wall. The described advancements will allow a deeper understanding of physics phenomena in the wide variety of magnetic configurations, including the tokamak, the reversed-field pinch and the Ultra-low q, which can be produced in RFX-mod2 thanks to its flexibility and unique MHD control capabilities.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

12. Divertor Tokamak Test facility project: status of design and implementation

Author

Francesco Romanelli, on behalf of DTT Contributors, D. Abate, E. Acampora, D. Agguiaro, R. Agnello, P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, A. Aimetta, R. Albanese, G. Alberti, M. Albino, E. Alessi, S. Almaviva, M. Alonzo, R. Ambrosino, P. Andreoli, M. Angelone, M. Angelucci, C. Angioni, A. Angrisani Armenio, P. Antonini, D. Aprile, G. Apruzzese, M. Aquilini, G. Aragone, P. Arena, M. Ariola, G. Artaserse, L. Aucone, A. Augieri, F. Auriemma, J. Ayllon Guerola, N. Badodi, B. Baiocchi, L. Balbinot, C. Baldacchini, A. Balestri, T. Barberis, G. Barone, L. Barucca, M. Baruzzo, S. Begozzi, V. Belardi, F. Belli, A. Belpane, F. Beone, S. Bertolami, S. Bianucci, S. Bifaretti, S. Bigioni, W. Bin, P. Boccali, B. Boeswirth, E. Bogazzi, R. Bojoi, S. Bollanti, T. Bolzonella, F. Bombarda, M. Bonan, N. Bonanomi, A. Bonaventura, L. Boncagni, M. Bonesso, D. Bonfiglio, R. Bonifetto, D. Bonomi, D. Borgogno, T. Borzone, S. Botti, E. Boz, F. Braghin, M. Brena, S. Brezinsek, M. Brombin, A. Bruschi, S. Buonocore, P. Buratti, D. Busi, G. Calabrò, M. Caldora, G. Calvo, G. Camera, G. Campana, S. Candela, V. Candela, F. Cani, L. Cantone, F. Capaldo, S. Cappello, M. Caponero, S. Carchella, A. Cardinali, D. Carnevale, L. Carraro, C. Carrelli, V. Casalegno, I. Casiraghi, C. Castaldo, A. Castaldo, G. Castro, A. Carpignano, F. Causa, R. Cavazzana, M. Cavedon, M. Cavenago, M. Cecchini, S. Ceccuzzi, G. Celentano, L. Celona, C. Centioli, G.V. Centomani, S. Cesaroni, A.G. Chiariello, R. Chomicz, C. Cianfarani, F. Cichocki, M. Cinque, A. Cioffi, M. Ciotti, M. Cipriani, S. Ciufo, V. Claps, G. Claps, V. Coccorese, D. Coccorese, A. Colangeli, T. Coltella, F. Consoli, F. Cordella, D. Corradini, O. Costa, F. Crea, A. Cremona, F. Crescenzi, F. Crisanti, G. Cristofari, G. Croci, A. Cucchiaro, D. D’Ambrosio, M. Dal Molin, M. Dalla Palma, F. Danè, C. Day, M. De Angeli, V. De Leo, R. De Luca, E. De Marchi, G. De Marzi, G. De Masi, E. De Nardi, C. De Piccoli, G. De Sano, M. De Santis, G. De Tommasi, A. Del Nevo, A. Delfino, A. Della Corte, P. Deodati, S. Desiderati, E. Di Ferdinando, M.G. Di Florio, G. Di Gironimo, L.E. Di Grazia, V. Di Marzo, F. Di Paolo, E. Di Pietro, M. Di Pietrantonio, M. Di Prinzio, A. Di Silvestre, A. Di Zenobio, R. Dima, A. Domenichelli, A. Doria, G. Dose, S. Dubbioso, S. Dulla, I. Duran, M. Eboli, M. Elitropi, E. Emanuelli, B. Esposito, P. Ettorre, C. Fabbri, F. Fabbri, M. Fadone, M.M. Faggiano, F. Falcioni, M.V. Falessi, F. Fanale, P. Fanelli, A. Fassina, M. Favaretto, G. Favero, M. Ferraris, F. Ferrazza, C. Ferretti, A. Ferro, N. Ferron, C. Fiamozzi Zignani, L. Figini, F. Filippi, M. Filippini, A. Fimiani, M. Fincato, F. Fiorenza, D. Fiorucci, D. Flammini, F. Flora, N. Fonnesu, P. Franz, L. Frassinetti, A. Frattolillo, R. Freda, R. Fresa, A. Frescura, P. Frosi, M. Fulici, M. Furno Palumbo, V. Fusco, P. Fusco, L. Gabellier, P. Gaetani, E. Gaio, E. Gajetti, A. Galatà, J. Galdon Quiroga, D.L. Galindo Huertas, S. Gammino, G. Gandolfo, S. Garavaglia, J. Garcia Lopez, M. Garcia Muñoz, P. Gaudio, M. Gelfusa, G. Gervasini, L. Giannini, M. Giarrusso, C. Gil, F. Giorgetti, E. Giovannozzi, G. Giruzzi, L. Giudicotti, M. Gobbin, G. Gorini, G. Granucci, D. Grasso, T. Grasso, S. Grazioso, H. Greuner, G. Griva, G. Grosso, S. Guerini, J.P. Gunn, V. Hauer, J. Hidalgo Salaverri, M. Hoppe, M. Houry, M. Hoelzl, A. Iaboni, M. Iafrati, A. Iaiunese, V. Imbriani, D. Indrigo, P. Innocente, F. Koechl, B. Končar, A. Kryzhanovskyy, L. Laguardia, D.A. Lampasi, C. Lanchi, F. Lanzotti, A. Lanzotti, M. Laquaniti, F. Leone, J. Li, M. Libè, F. Lisanti, D. Liuzza, F. Locati, R. Lombroni, R. Lorenzini, P. Lorusso, L. Lotto, J. Loureiro, F. Lucca, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, P. Maccari, G. Maddaluno, S. Magagnino, G. Manca, A. Mancini, P. Mandalà, B. Mandolesi, F. Mandrile, G. Manduchi, S. Manfrin, M. Manganelli, P. Mantica, G. Marchiori, N. Marconato, G. Marelli, A. Mariani, A. Marin, R. Marinari, M. Marinelli, F. Marino, P. Marino, D. Marocco, R. Marsilio, E. Martelli, P. Martin, F. Martinelli, G. Martini, R. Martone, A. Marucci, D. Marzullo, V. Masala, D. Mascali, F. Mascari, A. Masi, N. Massanova, S. Mastrostefano, M. Mattei, G. Mauro, S. Mauro, C. Meineri, L. Melaragni, A. Mele, P. Meller, S. Meloni, I. Menicucci, G. Messina, L. Mezi, G. Miccichè, M. Micheletti, S. Migliori, D. Milanesio, F. Milazzo, R. Milazzo, P. Minelli, S. Minucci, F. Mirizzi, M. Missirlian, D. Monarca, C. Monti, M. Mori, A. Moriani, L. Morici, A. Moro, F. Moro, P. Mosetti, R. Mozzillo, A. Murari, A. Muraro, D. Murra, P. Muscente, S. Musumeci, L. Muzzi, G.F. Nallo, F. Napoli, E. Nardon, E. Naselli, R. Neu, M. Nocente, M. Notazio, S. Nowak, E. Ocello, A. Oliva, V. Orsetti, A. Orsini, F.P. Orsitto, M. Ortino, M. Ottavi, G. Paccagnella, D. Pacella, I. Pagani, N. Paganucci, A. Pagliaro, V. Palazzolo, M. Palermo, S. Palomba, F. Panza, D. Paoletti, M. Parisi, R. Pasqualotto, S. Passarello, M. Passoni, T. Patton, L. Pelliccia, A. Peloso, A. Pepato, E. Perelli, A. Perencin, S. Peruzzo, A. Pesenti, N. Pedroni, P. Petrolini, V. Piergotti, A. Pidatella, L. Pigatto, M. Pillon, T. Pinna, S. Pipolo, S. Piras, C. Piron, L. Piron, A. Pironti, M. Pistilli, D. Placido, A. Pizzuto, P. Platania, A. Polimadei, F. Pollastrone, G.M. Polli, N. Pomaro, F. Pompili, C. Ponti, F. Porcelli, V. Prandelli, A. Previti, A. Princiotta, G. Pucino, F. Quaglia, A. Quercia, F. Raffaelli, G. Ramogida, G. Ranieri, B. Raspante, D. Ravarotto, G.L. Ravera, A. Reale, P. Rebesan, M. Recchia, D. Regine, F. Renno, B. Riccardi, D. Ricci, D. Rigamonti, M. Ripani, N. Rispoli, S. Roccella, G. Rocchi, H. Roche, M. Romanato, F. Romanelli, G. Romanelli, R. Romaniello, A. Romano, M. Romano, R. Romano, R. Rossi, G. Rubinacci, G. Rubino, S. Rubino, J. Rueda Rueda, A. Rufoloni, C. Salvia, P. Salvini, M. Scarpari, A. Salvitti, L. Salvò, S. Sandri, F. Santoro, A. Satriano, L. Savoldi, C. Scardino, G. Schettini, S. Schmuck, J. Scionti, M. Scisciò, M. Scungio, K. Sedlak, L. Senni, G. Sias, A. Sibio, A. Simonetto, L. Singh, A. Sirignano, C. Sozzi, I. Spada, S. Spagnolo, L. Spinicci, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, C. Stefanini, H. Strobel, F. Subba, F. Taccogna, B. Taheri, C. Tantos, A. Tarallo, M. Tarantino, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, P. Tarfila, A. Tenaglia, C. Terlizzi, D. Terranova, D. Testa, E. Testa, R. Testoni, V. Toigo, G. Torrisi, A. Trotta, G. Trovato, E. Tsitrone, A. Tuccillo, O. Tudisco, M. Turcato, S. Turtù, A. Uccello, M. Ugoletti, O. Uras, M. Uras, M. Utili, V. Vaccaro, F. Valentini, L. Valletti, M. Valisa, D. Van Eester, D. Vanzan, E. Vassallo, G. Vecchi, M. Vellucci, I. Venneri, G. Ventura, M. Veranda, L. Verdini, C. Verona, G. Verona Rinati, F. Veronese, N. Vianello, F. Viganò, O. Villano, R. Villari, F. Villone, P. Vincenzi, V. Vitale, F. Vivio, G. Vlad, M. Wischmeier, H.S. Wu, I. Wyss, R. Zanino, B. Zaniol, F. Zanon, A. Zappatore, G. Zavarise, P. Zito, A. Zoppoli, M. Zucchetti, M. Zuin, and P. Zumbolo

Subjects
divertor, exhaust, plasma scenarios, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

An overview is presented of the progress since 2021 in the construction and scientific programme preparation of the Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility. Licensing for building construction has been granted at the end of 2021. Licensing for Cat. A radiologic source has been also granted in 2022. The construction of the toroidal field magnet system is progressing. The prototype of the 170 GHz gyrotron has been produced and it is now under test on the FALCON facility. The design of the vacuum vessel, the poloidal field coils and the civil infrastructures has been completed. The shape of the first DTT divertor has been agreed with EUROfusion to test different plasma and exhaust scenarios: single null, double null, X-divertor and negative triangularity plasmas. A detailed research plan is being elaborated with the involvement of the EUROfusion laboratories.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

13. The multi-faced nature of the quasicoherent mode in EDA H-mode

Author

G. Grenfell, L. Gil, P. Manz, C. Silva, J. Adamek, D. Brida, G.D. Conway, T. Eich, M. Faitsch, T. Happel, M. Spolaore, U. Stroth, B. Tal, B. Vanovac, E. Wolfrum, the ASDEX Upgrade Team, and the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team

Subjects
ELM-free, quasi-coherent mode, EDA H-mode, ASDEX upgrade, plasma turbulence, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

In order to extend the enhanced D-Alpha H-mode to future devices, it is crucial to understand the properties of the main signature of this regime, the quasicoherent mode (QCM), that likely clamps the pressure gradient below the ideal magnetohydrodynamic limit. The turbulent character of the QCM is investigated with scanning probes in ASDEX Upgrade. Analysis reveals the multi-faced character of the mode that spans both the confined region (where the radial electric field is negative) and the near scrape-off layer (SOL) (where it is positive). Fluctuations of density and potential at the QCM frequency are more anti-correlated towards the confined region, which is a fingerprint of electromagnetic instabilities, while they become more correlated in the SOL, as expected for a drift-wave, inducing cross-field transport across the separatrix.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

14. Pllans−II: Unveiling the Action Mechanism of a Promising Chemotherapeutic Agent Targeting Cervical Cancer Cell Adhesion and Survival Pathways

Author

Alejandro Montoya-Gómez, Fiorella Tonello, Barbara Spolaore, Maria Lina Massimino, Leonel Montealegre-Sánchez, Andrés Castillo, Nelson Rivera Franco, María José Sevilla-Sánchez, Luis Manuel Solano-Redondo, Mildrey Mosquera-Escudero, and Eliécer Jiménez-Charris

Subjects
snake venom, phospholipase A2, bioprospecting, antitumor potential, transcriptomic analysis, membrane receptor target, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

Despite advances in chemotherapeutic drugs used against cervical cancer, available chemotherapy treatments adversely affect the patient’s quality of life. For this reason, new molecules from natural sources with antitumor potential and few side effects are required. In previous research, Pllans−II, a phospholipase A2 type-Asp49 from Porthidium lansbergii lansbergii snake venom, has shown selective attack against the HeLa and Ca Ski cervical cancer cell lines. This work suggests that the cytotoxic effect generated by Pllans−II on HeLa cells is triggered without affecting the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane or depolarizing the mitochondrial membranes. The results allow us to establish that cell death in HeLa is related to the junction blockage between α5β1 integrins and fibronectin of the extracellular matrix. Pllans−II reduces the cells’ ability of adhesion and affects survival and proliferation pathways mediated by intracellular communication with the external environment. Our findings confirmed Pllans−II as a potential prototype for developing a selective chemotherapeutic drug against cervical cancer.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Design of Experiment: A Rational and Still Unexplored Approach to Inorganic Materials’ Synthesis

Author

Francesco Lamberti, Chiara Mazzariol, Federico Spolaore, Riccardo Ceccato, Luigi Salmaso, and Silvia Gross

Subjects
inorganic chemistry, Design of Experiment, inorganic synthesis, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

This review was devoted to outlining the use and potential increasing application of the Design of Experiment (DoE) approach to the rational and planned synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials, with a particular focus on polycrystalline nanostructures (metal and alloys, oxides, chalcogenides, halogenides, etc.) produced by sustainable wet chemistry routes based on a multi-parameter experimental landscape. After having contextualised the stringent need for a rational approach to inorganic materials’ synthesis, a concise theoretical background on DoE is provided, focusing on its statistical basis, shortly describing the different sub-methodologies, and outlining the pros and cons of each. In the second part of the review, a wider section is dedicated to the application of DoE to the rational synthesis of different kinds of chemical systems, with a specific focus on inorganic materials.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Observation of non-thermal electrons outside the SOL in the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Author

C. Killer, P. Aleynikov, C. Biedermann, C.P. Dhard, P. Drews, Y. Gao, O. Grulke, M. Jakubowski, A. Knieps, G. Kocsis, D. Naujoks, A. Puig Sitjes, M. Spolaore, T. Stange, T. Szepesi, A. Tancetti, and H. Thomsen

Subjects
Stellarator, ECRH, Electric Probes, Electrons, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

Hot spots and bright patterns on plasma-facing components (PFC) in visible light are observed in electron cyclotron resonance heated (ECRH) plasmas at low densities in the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X. The events are often located far outside of any convective plasma loads and led in some cases to damages of diagnostic components, where the interaction zones qualitatively agree with fast particle loss simulations. Reciprocating electric probes indicate that this phenomenon is related to a non-thermal electron population that can have a beam like character, being directed in one parallel direction. Further, the electrons can be trapped on rational flux surfaces and be used to map magnetic islands.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Apporti esterni e garanzie di terzi nel concordato preventivo

Author

Spolaore, P and Spolaore, P

Abstract

The paper discusses how financial support offered by third parties to distressed business debtors in judicially supervised reorganization proceedings – specifically, the «concordato preventivo» – is regulated under Italian law, comparing it with personal guarantees and emphasizing similarities and differences between the two arrangements. It argues that art. 84, para 4, of the Italian Business Crisis and Insolvency Code (Codice della crisi e dell’insolvenza delle imprese) implicitly codifies a new nominate contract by imposing that the winding up plan shall entail a financial contribution by third parties that increases the total amount of assets available for creditor payments by at least 10%. Under this agreement the third party is either not entitled to claim the repayment of their contribution or has a claim that is subordinated to those of pre-existing creditors. The article further examines the standing of the insolvency practitioner to enforce the debtor’s claim against the third-party financer, particularly in the event that the reorganization plan fails before the contribution is executed, also analyzing the standing of the insolvency practitioner to enforce personal guarantees issued in the framework of reorganization proceedings.

Published
2024

19. Struttura finanziaria della s.r.l. e raccolta di capitali online

Author

Spolaore, P and Spolaore, P

Abstract

L’articolo affronta la disciplina della struttura finanziaria della S.r.l.(-PMI) e dell’offerta delle quote di partecipazione mediante piattaforme online. Nella specie, dopo un esame dell’evoluzione degli interventi normativi sul punto, viene analizzato l’attuale quadro normativo costituito dall’art. 100-ter T.U.F., che è stato interamente riscritto nel marzo 2023 in occasione dell’adeguamento del diritto italiano al Reg. UE 2020/1503 del Parlamento Europeo e del Consiglio del 7 ottobre 2020 “relativo ai fornitori europei di servizi di crowdfunding per le imprese”. Successivamente, l’elaborato, dopo avere messo a fuoco le criticità che potenzialmente discendono da una campagna di crowdfunding in termini di rapporti organizzativi interni all’ente S.r.l., individua i possibili rimedi a tali problematiche, a livello sia strettamente interpretativo sia statutario. Da ultimo, viene sinteticamente illustrato l’im- patto dell’approvazione del d.d.l. “capitali” su tale scenario., The article addresses the regulation of the financial structure of the Italian limited liability company (-SMEs) and the offering of membership interests through online platforms. Specifically, after examining the evolution of regulatory interventions on the matter, the current framework represen- ted by Article 100-ter of the Consolidated Financial Act (TUF) is analyzed, which was completely rewritten in March 2023 while adapting Italian law to Regulation (EU) 2020/1503 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 October 2020 “on European crowdfunding service providers for businesses”. After focusing on the critical issues that a crowdfunding campaign can raise in terms of organizational relationships within the company, the paper identifies then possible remedies to these problems, both at interpretative and statutory levels. Finally, the impact of the approval of the bill so- called “capitali” on this scenario is briefly outlined.

Published
2024

20. La partecipazione in s.r.l. tra crowdfunding e dematerializzazione

Author

Spolaore, P and Spolaore, P

Abstract

L’articolo esamina le conseguenze sulla disciplina della s.r.l. che discendono, da un lato, dalle modifiche apportate all’art. 100-ter t.u.f. in sede di adeguamento al Regolamento europeo ECSP (n. 2020/1503) e, dall’altro lato, dalle innovazioni contenute nella l. c.d. “capitali” (n. 21 del 5 marzo 2024). Sotto il primo aspetto, viene argomentata anzitutto la necessità di interpretare l’art. 100-ter t.u.f. in maniera correttiva, sostituendo il lemma «anche» con il lemma «solo», con la conseguenza che la facoltà per le s.r.l. di derogare all’art. 2468, primo comma, c.c. è circoscritta alla possibilità di offrire le quote tramite portali autorizzati di crowdfunding. Sempre alla luce del rapporto con la disciplina europea, poi, viene sostenuto il carattere obbligatorio del regime di circolazione intermediata per la s.r.l. che intenda offrire quote tramite crowdfunding, in forza della prevalenza dell’art. 10 del Regolamento ECSP sul sistema di facoltatività di cui ai commi 1 e 4 dell’art. 100-ter t.u.f. L’aver individuato un rapporto normativo necessario tra offerta al pubblico di quote di s.r.l. e crowdfunding costituisce, quindi, l’occasione per evidenziare le differenze di fattispecie tra la s.r.l. che offre le quote al pubblico e la società per azioni rispettivamente quotata e diffusa. Successivamente, l’elaborato analizza le conseguenze derivanti su tale contesto di fondo dall’introduzione, da parte della l. c.d. “capitali”, di un regime facoltativo di emissione scritturale delle quote di s.r.l.-PMI: sia sul crowdfunding, nel cui ambito detto regime rappresenta un’opzione alternativa rispetto al regime di intestazione e circolazione intermediata, sia sulle eventuali altre possibilità per la s.r.l. di reperire risorse, in particolare affrontando la problematica della suscettibilità delle quote scritturali a essere ammesse alla negoziazione su sistemi multilaterali di negoziazione., The article examines the consequences on the Italian limited liability company (S.r.l.) stemming, on the one hand, from the amendments made to Article 100-ter of the Consolidated Law on Finance (t.u.f.) in the context of the adaptation of the Italian legislation to the European Regulation ECSP (No. 2020/1503), and, on the other hand, from the innovations contained in the so-called "capitali" act (n. 21, march 5th, 2024). From the first point of view, the paper argues that a corrective interpretation of Article 100-ter, first paragraph, t.u.f. is necessary, which, more specifically, replaces the term also («anche») with the term exclusively («solo»). As a results, S.r.l.s would be allowed to deviate from Article 2468, first paragraph, of the Civil Code only by offering their membership interests through authorized crowdfunding platforms. Furthermore, it is then contended that the system of membership interests’ underwriting and transferal through intermediaries (envisaged by art. 100-ter, paras 2 to 4, t.u.f.) is mandatory for S.r.l.s wishing to offer them through crowdfunding, according to Article 10 of the ECSP Regulation and its primacy over conflicting national legislation (namely, the mere optionality of the system provided for in the mentioned paragraphs 2 to 4 of Article 100-ter t.u.f). The relationship between the offering of S.r.ls’ membership interests to the “public” and crowdfunding offerings, existing at a positive level, provides an opportunity to highlight the differences between the S.r.l. which turns to investment crowdfunding and the listed joint-stock corporation. Subsequently, the paper analyzes the fallouts on this context of the introduction, by the so-called “capitali” act, of an optional regime for the dematerialization of S.r.l.-SMEs’ membership interests: both on crowdfunding itself, since said regime represents a way of underwriting and transferring membership interests’ that is alternative to the one set forth by Article 100-ter, paras 2 t

Published
2024

21. Il regime del crowdfunding tra fonti europee e nazionali

Author

Spolaore, P and Spolaore, P

Abstract

Lo scritto si propone di analizzare il regime normativo dell’investment e del lending crowdfunding a seguito del Regolamento (UE) 2020/1503 (e della disciplina nazionale di completamento e adeguamento del medesimo), allo scopo di dare una visione d’insieme dei suoi obiettivi normativi e del suo approccio regolatorio, nonché di esaminarne la collocazione all’interno della disciplina dei “mercati finanziari” in senso ampio. Nella specie, dopo la ricostruzione del rapporto tra fonti eurounitarie e nazionali e l’illustrazione della struttura del Regolamento (UE) 2020/1503, vie-ne analizzato l’ambito applicativo del medesimo, e quindi le distinte fattispecie dell’investment e del lending crowdfunding, dando auto-nomo rilievo alle ipotesi la cui riconduzione all’interno della fatti-specie astratta è più problematica. Successivamente, l’articolo analizza la disciplina applicabile alla prestazione del servizio di crowdfunding, in punto sia di procedimento autorizzatorio sia di obblighi imposti ai gestori di piattaforme, suddividendoli rispettivamente in obblighi generali di condotta e di governance e in obblighi relativi alle singole campagne. In chiusura, vengono formulate alcune osservazioni di sintesi sulla coerenza interna del Regolamen-to (UE) 2020/1503., The paper aims at analyzing the regulatory framework of investment and lending crowdfunding according to Regulation (EU) 2020/1503 (and the complementary national laws), with the purpose of providing an overview of its regulatory objectives and approach, as well as examining its place within the broader legal framework of financial markets. Specifically, after depicting the relationship between EU and national sources and illustrating the structure of Regulation (EU) 2020/1503, the article deals with its scope of application, focusing on the distinct types of investment and lending crowdfunding, with particular attention to the cases in which it is most problematic to determine whether the mentioned Regulation is or not applicable. Subsequently, the article examines the rules set forth for to the provision of crowdfunding services, addressing both the authorization process and the obligations imposed on platform operators, dividing them into general conduct and governance obligations and obligations related to individual campaigns. In conclusion, the paper briefly discusses the internal consistency of Regulation (EU) 2020/1503.

Published
2024

22. Spatiotemporal synchronization of drift waves in a magnetron sputtering plasma

Author

Martines, E., Zuin, M., Cavazzana, R., Adámek, J., Antoni, V., Serianni, G., Spolaore, M., and Vianello, N.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

A feedforward scheme is applied for drift waves control in a magnetized magnetron sputtering plasma. A system of driven electrodes collecting electron current in a limited region of the explored plasma is used to interact with unstable drift waves. Drift waves actually appear as electrostatic modes characterized by discrete wavelengths of the order of few centimeters and frequencies of about 100 kHz. The effect of external quasi-periodic, both in time and space, travelling perturbations is studied. Particular emphasis is given to the role played by the phase relation between the natural and the imposed fluctuations. It is observed that it is possible by means of localized electrodes, collecting currents which are negligible with respect to those flowing in the plasma, to transfer energy to one single mode and to reduce that associated to the others. Due to the weakness of the external action, only partial control has been achieved., Comment: Submitted to Physics of Plasmas

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. A serine protease secreted from Bacillus subtilis cleaves human plasma transthyretin to generate an amyloidogenic fragment

Author

Daniele Peterle, Giulia Pontarollo, Stefano Spada, Paola Brun, Luana Palazzi, Alexej V. Sokolov, Barbara Spolaore, Patrizia Polverino de Laureto, Vadim B. Vasilyev, Ignazio Castagliuolo, and Vincenzo De Filippis

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Peterle et al. show that a subtilisin like serine protease secreted from gut microbiota Bacillus subtilis cleaves the wild-type human transthyretin (hTTR) to generate an amyloidogenic peptide. High propensity of the hTTR fragment to form pathogenic protein aggregates implicates the serine protease in the pathogenesis of acquired senile systemic amyloidosis.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. AGATA - Advanced Gamma Tracking Array

Author

Akkoyun, S., Algora, A., Alikhani, B., Ameil, F., de Angelis, G., Arnold, L., Astier, A., Ataç, A., Aubert, Y., Aufranc, C., Austin, A., Aydin, S., Azaiez, F., Badoer, S., Balabanski, D. L., Barrientos, D., Baulieu, G., Baumann, R., Bazzacco, D., Beck, F. A., Beck, T., Bednarczyk, P., Bellato, M., Bentley, M. A., Benzoni, G., Berthier, R., Berti, L., Beunard, R., Bianco, G. Lo, Birkenbach, B., Bizzeti, P. G., Bizzeti-Sona, A. M., Blanc, F. Le, Blasco, J. M., Blasi, N., Bloor, D., Boiano, C., Borsato, M., Bortolato, D., Boston, A. J., Boston, H. C., Bourgault, P., Boutachkov, P., Bouty, A., Bracco, A., Brambilla, S., Brawn, I. P., Brondi, A., Broussard, S., Bruyneel, B., Bucurescu, D., Burrows, I., Bürger, A., Cabaret, S., Cahan, B., Calore, E., Camera, F., Capsoni, A., Carrió, F., Casati, G., Castoldi, M., Cederwall, B., Cercus, J. -L., Chambert, V., Chambit, M. El, Chapman, R., Charles, L., Chavas, J., Clément, E., Cocconi, P., Coelli, S., Coleman-Smith, P. J., Colombo, A., Colosimo, S., Commeaux, C., Conventi, D., Cooper, R. J., Corsi, A., Cortesi, A., Costa, L., Crespi, F. C. L., Cresswell, J. R., Cullen, D. M., Curien, D., Czermak, A., Delbourg, D., Depalo, R., Descombes, T., Désesquelles, P., Detistov, P., Diarra, C., Didierjean, F., Dimmock, M. R., Doan, Q. T., Domingo-Pardo, C., Doncel, M., Dorangeville, F., Dosme, N., Drouen, Y., Duchêne, G., Dulny, B., Eberth, J., Edelbruck, P., Egea, J., Engert, T., Erduran, M. N., Ertürk, S., Fanin, C., Fantinel, S., Farnea, E., Faul, T., Filliger, M., Filmer, F., Finck, Ch., de France, G., Gadea, A., Gast, W., Geraci, A., Gerl, J., Gernhäuser, R., Giannatiempo, A., Giaz, A., Gibelin, L., Givechev, A., Goel, N., González, V., Gottardo, A., Grave, X., Grȩbosz, J., Griffiths, R., Grint, A. N., Gros, P., Guevara, L., Gulmini, M., Görgen, A., Ha, H. T. M., Habermann, T., Harkness, L. J., Harroch, H., Hauschild, K., He, C., Hernández-Prieto, A., Hervieu, B., Hess, H., Hüyük, T., Ince, E., Isocrate, R., Jaworski, G., Johnson, A., Jolie, J., Jones, P., Jonson, B., Joshi, P., Judson, D. S., Jungclaus, A., Kaci, M., Karkour, N., Karolak, M., Kaşkaş, A., Kebbiri, M., Kempley, R. S., Khaplanov, A., Klupp, S., Kogimtzis, M., Kojouharov, I., Korichi, A., Korten, W., Kröll, Th., Krücken, R., Kurz, N., Ky, B. Y., Labiche, M., Lafay, X., Lavergne, L., Lazarus, I. H., Leboutelier, S., Lefebvre, F., Legay, E., Legeard, L., Lelli, F., Lenzi, S. M., Leoni, S., Lermitage, A., Lersch, D., Leske, J., Letts, S. C., Lhenoret, S., Lieder, R. M., Linget, D., Ljungvall, J., Lopez-Martens, A., Lotodé, A., Lunardi, S., Maj, A., van der Marel, J., Mariette, Y., Marginean, N., Marginean, R., Maron, G., Mather, A. R., Mȩczyński, W., Mendéz, V., Medina, P., Melon, B., Menegazzo, R., Mengoni, D., Merchan, E., Mihailescu, L., Michelagnoli, C., Mierzejewski, J., Milechina, L., Million, B., Mitev, K., Molini, P., Montanari, D., Moon, S., Morbiducci, F., Moro, R., Morrall, P. S., Möller, O., Nannini, A., Napoli, D. R., Nelson, L., Nespolo, M., Ngo, V. L., Nicoletto, M., Nicolini, R., Noa, Y. Le, Nolan, P. J., Norman, M., Nyberg, J., Obertelli, A., Olariu, A., Orlandi, R., Oxley, D. C., Özben, C., Ozille, M., Oziol, C., Pachoud, E., Palacz, M., Palin, J., Pancin, J., Parisel, C., Pariset, P., Pascovici, G., Peghin, R., Pellegri, L., Perego, A., Perrier, S., Petcu, M., Petkov, P., Petrache, C., Pierre, E., Pietralla, N., Pietri, S., Pignanelli, M., Piqueras, I., Podolyak, Z., Pouhalec, P. Le, Pouthas, J., Pugnére, D., Pucknell, V. F. E., Pullia, A., Quintana, B., Raine, R., Rainovski, G., Ramina, L., Rampazzo, G., La Rana, G., Rebeschini, M., Recchia, F., Redon, N., Reese, M., Reiter, P., Regan, P. H., Riboldi, S., Richer, M., Rigato, M., Rigby, S., Ripamonti, G., Robinson, A. P., Robin, J., Roccaz, J., Ropert, J. -A., Rossé, B., Alvarez, C. Rossi, Rosso, D., Rubio, B., Rudolph, D., Saillant, F., Şahin, E., Salomon, F., Salsac, M. -D., Salt, J., Salvato, G., Sampson, J., Sanchis, E., Santos, C., Schaffner, H., Schlarb, M., Scraggs, D. P., Seddon, D., Şenyiğit, M., Sigward, M. -H., Simpson, G., Simpson, J., Slee, M., Smith, J. F., Sona, P., Sowicki, B., Spolaore, P., Stahl, C., Stanios, T., Stefanova, E., Stézowski, O., Strachan, J., Suliman, G., Söderström, P. -A., Tain, J. L., Tanguy, S., Tashenov, S., Theisen, Ch., Thornhill, J., Tomasi, F., Toniolo, N., Touzery, R., Travers, B., Triossi, A., Tripon, M., Tun-Lanoë, K. M. M., Turcato, M., Unsworth, C., Ur, C. A., Valiente-Dobon, J. J., Vandone, V., Vardaci, E., Venturelli, R., Veronese, F., Veyssiere, Ch., Viscione, E., Wadsworth, R., Walker, P. M., Warr, N., Weber, C., Weisshaar, D., Wells, D., Wieland, O., Wiens, A., Wittwer, G., Wollersheim, H. J., Zocca, F., Zamfir, N. V., Ziȩbliński, M., and Zucchiatti, A.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) is a European project to develop and operate the next generation gamma-ray spectrometer. AGATA is based on the technique of gamma-ray energy tracking in electrically segmented high-purity germanium crystals. This technique requires the accurate determination of the energy, time and position of every interaction as a gamma ray deposits its energy within the detector volume. Reconstruction of the full interaction path results in a detector with very high efficiency and excellent spectral response. The realization of gamma-ray tracking and AGATA is a result of many technical advances. These include the development of encapsulated highly-segmented germanium detectors assembled in a triple cluster detector cryostat, an electronics system with fast digital sampling and a data acquisition system to process the data at a high rate. The full characterization of the crystals was measured and compared with detector-response simulations. This enabled pulse-shape analysis algorithms, to extract energy, time and position, to be employed. In addition, tracking algorithms for event reconstruction were developed. The first phase of AGATA is now complete and operational in its first physics campaign. In the future AGATA will be moved between laboratories in Europe and operated in a series of campaigns to take advantage of the different beams and facilities available to maximize its science output. The paper reviews all the achievements made in the AGATA project including all the necessary infrastructure to operate and support the spectrometer., Comment: This version contains a correction of a typing error in the caption of Fig. 2. The DOI to the article published in Nucl. Instr. Meth A was also added

Published
2011
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. The plasma boundary in Single Helical Axis RFP plasmas

Author

Martines, E., Lorenzini, R., Momo, B., Munaretto, S., Innocente, P., and Spolaore, M.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Single Helical Axis (SHAx) states obtained in high current reversed field pinch (RFP) plasmas display, aside from a dominant mode in the m=1 spectrum, also a dominant m=0 mode, with the same toroidal mode number as the m=1 one. The two modes have a fixed phase relationship. The island chain created by the m=0 mode across the reversal surface gives rise, at shallow reversal of the toroidal field, to an X-point structure which separates the last closed flux surface from the first wall, creating a divertor-like configuration. The plasma-wall interaction is found to be related to the connection length of the field lines intercepting the wall, which displays a pattern modulated by the dominant mode toroidal periodicity. This configuration, which occurs only for shallow toroidal field reversal, could be exploited to realize an island divertor in analogy to stellarators., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures Submitted to Nuclear Fusion

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

27. Resistive g-modes in a reversed field pinch plasma

Author

Zuin, M., Spagnolo, S., Paccagnella, R., Martines, E., Cavazzana, R., Serianni, G., Spolaore, M., and Vianello, N.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

First direct experimental evidence of high frequency, high toroidal mode number (n>20), magnetic fluctuations due to unstable resistive interchange modes (g-modes) resonant in the edge region of a reversed field pinch (RFP) plasma is presented. Experimental characterization of time and space periodicities of the modes is provided by means of highly resolved in-vessel edge and insertable magnetic diagnostics. It is found that the spectral mode properties are in good agreement with the predictions of the theoretical linear resistive magnetohydrodynamic stability analysis. A simple model is proposed for the observed saturation levels of the modes., Comment: Submitted to Physical Review Letters

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

28. Drift-Alfven vortex structures in the edge region of a fusion relevant plasma

Author

Vianello, N., Spolaore, M., Martines, E., Cavazzana, R., Serianni, G., Zuin, M., Spada, E., and Antoni, V.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Edge turbulent structures are commonly observed in fusion devices and are generally believed to be responsible for confinement degradation. Among their origin Drift-Alfven turbulence is one of the most commonly suggested. Drift-Alfven paradigm allows the existence of localized vortex-like structures observed also in various systems. Here we present the evidence of the presence of drift-Alfv\'en vortices in the edge region of RFX-Mod RFP device, showing how these structures are responsible for electromagnetic turbulence at the edge and its intermittent nature., Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, Revised version submitted for publication to Physical Review Letters

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

29. Designing high efficiency glow discharge cleaning systems

Author

A. Canton, R. Cavazzana, L. Grando, M. Spolaore, and M. Zuin

Subjects
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

In this paper we present our studies about the choices of anode design and operational regime in order to get high efficiency glow discharge cleaning of the first wall of a fusion device. We analyzed a database of toroidal and poloidal profiles of the ion current density at the wall, measured by electrostatic probes embedded in RFX-mod first wall tiles, taken in different configurations. The ion current at the wall, both global and local, is in fact strictly connected to the cleaning efficiency, since during glow discharge the wall is physically sputtered by the ions. We found that small size anodes and high in-vessel pressure lead to the peaking of the current profile around the anodes locations, and we experimentally characterized this effect. Instead, we found that anode radial position in the poloidal section has negligible effect on current density profile, even when the anodes are placed at the first wall. Finally, the most convenient operational regime, in terms of pressure and current, has been proposed. Keywords: RFX-mod, Glow discharge, Wall cleaning, Ion current profile, Anode design

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Conduction-based model of the Scrape-Off Layer power sharing between inner and outer divertor in diverted low-density tokamak plasmas

Author

R. Maurizio, B.P. Duval, B. Labit, H. Reimerdes, C. Theiler, C.K. Tsui, J. Boedo, H. De Oliveira, O. Février, U. Sheikh, M. Spolaore, K. Verhaegh, N. Vianello, and M. Wensing

Subjects
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

A simple analytic model for the repartition of the Scrape-Off Layer (SOL) exhaust power between the inner and outer divertors in a diverted low-density tokamak plasma is introduced. Electron heat conduction is assumed to dominate the heat transport, from the outboard mid-plane to the divertor targets, with no heat sinks or sources in the SOL. Both divertor channels are in the attached, high-recycling regime. The model is in reasonable qualitative agreement with recent TCV experimental data and EMC3-Eirene simulations. For the Single Null divertor, it reproduces the experimentally observed increase in the power ratio between the inner and outer divertor plates of TCV, Pin/Pout, with increasing the outer divertor leg length or the outer target flux expansion. For the Snowflake Minus configuration, it reproduces the observed variation of Pin/Pout with X-point separation, although only for the reversed magnetic field direction. Within the model limitations, it provides a basic understanding of the power sharing in alternative divertor geometries. Keywords: Heat exhaust, SOL transport, Long-legged Single Null Divertor, Snowflake Divertor, In-out power sharing, TCV

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Statistical features of edge turbulence in RFX-mod from Gas Puffing Imaging

Author

Sattin, F., Scarin, P., Agostini, M., Cavazzana, R., Serianni, G., Spolaore, M., and Vianello, N.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Plasma density fluctuations in the edge plasma of the RFX-mod device are measured through the Gas Puffing Imaging Diagnostics. Statistical features of the signal are quantified in terms of the Probability Distribution Function (PDF), and computed for several kinds of discharges. The PDFs from discharges without particular control methods are found to be adequately described by a Gamma function, consistently with the recent results by Graves et al [J.P. Graves, et al, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 47, L1 (2005)]. On the other hand, pulses with external methods for plasma control feature modified PDFs. A first empirical analysis suggests that they may be interpolated through a linear combination of simple functions. An inspection of the literature shows that this kind of PDFs is common to other devices as well, and has been suggested to be due to the simultaneous presence of different mechanisms driving respectively coherent bursts and gaussian background turbulence. An attempt is made to relate differences in the PDFs to plasma conditions such as the local shift of the plasma column. A simple phenomenological model to interpret the nature of the PDF and assign a meaning to its parameters is also developed., Comment: 27 pages. Published in PPCF

Published
2006
Full Text
View/download PDF

32. The assessment of high sensitivity cardiac troponin in patients with COVID-19: A multicenter study

Author

Marco Alfonso Perrone, Federica Spolaore, Massimiliano Ammirabile, Francesco Romeo, Patrizio Caciagli, Ferruccio Ceriotti, and Sergio Bernardini

Subjects
COVID-19, Cardiac troponin, Myocardial injury, Myocarditis, SARS-CoV-2, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background: Recent studies have shown that patients diagnosed with coronarivus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and also with previous cardiovascular diseases have a higher mortality due to worsening heart disease. At the same time, patients without previous cardiovascular disease may also have cardiac complications. The aim of this multicenter study was to assess high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in patients with COVID-19 and to evaluate the incidence of myocardial injury. Methods: In this multicenter study we enrolled 543 patients, 57.8% males, median age 63 years (range 18–99) from three selected hospitals: University Hospital Tor Vergata in Rome, Fondazione IRCCS Ca 'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, in Milan, S Chiara Hospital in Trento. We measured hs-cTnT in all patients to assess myocardial injury and correlations with patient’s age, symptoms and disease course. Results: The data showed that, among the 543 patients studied, 257 patients (47.3%) had hs-cTnT values higher than the upper reference limit (URL) of 14 ng/L. Patients with high hs-cTnT had more frequently fever (p

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Attività commerciali e imprenditore agricolo: profili sostanziali e procedurali

Author

Spolaore, P, Sabbioni, M, Spolaore, P, and Sabbioni, M

Subjects
impresa agricola, procedure concorsuali, attività connesse, onere della prova, IUS/04 - DIRITTO COMMERCIALE
Abstract

Il commento affronta il tema dell’accertamento in concreto dei confini dell’impresa agricola, sotto il profilo sia sostanziale sia procedurale, ai fini dell’accesso alle procedure concorsuali. Nello specifico, da un lato, vengono esaminate le conseguenze dello svolgimento di attività commerciale da parte di un imprenditore agricolo; dall’altro, si analizza il valore probatorio da attribuire alla presentazione di una domanda di concordato preventivo da parte di un imprenditore agricolo nella successiva istruttoria prefallimentare, nonché la ripartizione dell’onere della prova in relazione alla dimostrazione della natura agricola o commerciale dell’attività svolta.

Published
2023

40. Electromagnetic ELM and inter-ELM filaments detected in the COMPASS Scrape-Off Layer

Author

M. Spolaore, K. Kovařík, J. Stöckel, J. Adamek, R. Dejarnac, I. Ďuran, M. Komm, T. Markovic, E. Martines, R. Panek, J. Seidl, and N. Vianello

Subjects
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

In fusion devices strong interest is deserved to the edge filament transport both related to turbulent and ELMy structures, because they are believed to provide important interaction with the plasma facing components and divertor plates. Among their features also the electromagnetic (EM) properties are expected to play an important role and in particular for the high beta regimes expected in future devices. The presence of ELM and inter-ELM electromagnetic filaments were detected during H-mode discharges in COMPASS device Scrape-Off Layer, where a new probe head was recently developed and commissioned. The diagnostic allows the simultaneous measurements of electrostatic and magnetic fluctuations with high time resolution, suitable for the identification of EM features of filaments. The method allows in particular the direct measurement of the current density associated to filaments. Detailed electrostatic and electromagnetic features analysis revealed a complex and fragmented structure within a single ELM and strong peaks in parallel current density Jtor are observed to characterize the ELM bunch. Analogous EM structures are observed also in inter-ELM phase, but with more than one order of magnitude lower intensity and time scale. Keywords: Electromagnetic filaments, ELMs, Scrape-Off Layer, Magnetic fluctuations, Current density

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Boundary plasma response in RFX-mod to 3D magnetic field perturbations

Author

P. Scarin, M. Agostini, L. Carraro, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, and N. Vianello

Subjects
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

The edge of the RFX-mod (R=2m, a=0.46m) Reversed Field Pinch device is characterized by weak magnetic chaos affecting ion and electron diffusion. Edge particle transport is strongly influenced by a toroidal and poloidal asymmetry caused by magnetic islands and an ambipolar radial electric field ensures local neutrality. At higher plasma current (Iϕ>1MA) a spontaneous resonant dominant mode m/n=1/7, slowly rotating, develops in the inner region. The edge electron pressure Pe and floating potential Vf show a shape of the Plasma Wall Interaction (PWI) with the same toroidal periodicity, which follows the edge local ideal magnetic displacement Δ1,7.Detailed measurements along the poloidal direction of Pe and Vf have been undertaken newly, their time behavior present respect to Δ1,7 a time lag, which depends on the poloidal angle θ. The mode analysis in terms of helical angle reveals a role of the 0/7 mode in determining a poloidal phase lag respect to Δ1,7 of Pe and Vf. Since the 0/7 is the largest toroidal sideband of the 1/7 mode, this work suggests a role of toroidal coupling in determining the plasma response to a MP. Keywords: RFX, RFP, PWI, THB, MPs, Stochastic layers, Magnetic chaos

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Development of γ-ray tracking detectors

Author

Lieder, RM, Gast, W, Jäger, HM, Mihailescu, L, Rossewij, M, Eberth, J, Pascovici, G, Thomas, HG, Weisshaar, D, Beck, F, Curien, D, Duchêne, G, Pachoud, E, Piqueras, I, Alvarez, CR, Bazzacco, D, Bellato, M, Kroell, T, Manea, C, Quintana, B, Venturelli, R, Napoli, DR, Rosso, D, Spolaore, P, Geraci, A, Pullia, A, Ripamonti, G, Camera, F, Leoni, S, Million, B, Wieland, O, Bracco, A, Pignanelli, M, Brambilla, S, Lisle, J, Smith, AG, Well, R, Nolan, P, Boston, A, Cullen, D, Descovich, M, Enqvist, T, Cederwall, B, Ideguchi, E, van der Marel, J, Nyberg, J, Herskind, B, Sletten, G, Wilson, J, Redouin, B, Henck, R, Gutknecht, D, and Jääskeläinen, K

Subjects
Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

The next generation of 4π arrays for high-precision γ-ray spectroscopy AGATA will consist of γ-ray tracking detectors. They represent high-fold segmented Ge detectors and a front-end electronics, based on digital signal processing techniques, which allows to extract energy, timing and spatial information on the interactions of a γ-ray in the Ge detector by pulse shape analysis of its signals. Utilizing the information on the positions of the interaction points and the energies released at each point the tracks of the γ-rays in a Ge shell can be reconstructed in three dimensions on the basis of the Compton-scattering formula.

Published
2001

43. La legittimazione del curatore ad agire per l’adempimento dell’impegno del terzo ad apportare risorse funzionali all’esecuzione del concordato preventivo (inattuato)

Author

Spolaore, P and Spolaore, P

Abstract

Sulla scorta di due decisioni giurisprudenziali, rispettivamente del Tribunale e della Corte d’Appello di Milano, il contributo confronta la fattispecie della garanzia personale resa per l’adempimento degli obblighi concordatari (par. 2.) con quella dell’apporto di risorse esterne senza obbligo di restituzione (par. 4), alla luce dell’evoluzione della legge fallimentare fino al codice della crisi d’impresa e dell’insolvenza. Sulla base del quadro normativo analizzato, viene argomentata la legittimazione del curatore ad agire nell’interesse della massa dei creditori per ottenere l’adempimento dell’impegno del terzo ad apportare risorse al patrimonio del debitore (par. 5)., Taking the cue from two rulings of the Milan Tribunal and the Milan Court of Appeals, the paper compares situations in which personal guarantees are provided for the fulfillment of obligations arising from the concordato preventivo (paragraph 2) with cases in which third parties provide financing that does not entail any repayment obligation by the debtor (paragraph 4), considering the evolution of the Italian bankruptcy legislation from the now repealed Bankruptcy Act (1942) to the current Business Crisis and Insolvency Code. Building on this legal framework, the paper argues that the insolvency practitioner has standing to act in the interest of the creditors' estate to enforce the aforementioned third party’s obligation to contribute resources to the debtor’s assets (paragraph 5).

Published
2023

45. Scientific and Regulatory Approaches to “Green” Central Banking: The State of The Art from a Legal Perspective

Author

Spolaore, P and Spolaore, P

Abstract

The engagement of central banks with the consequences of climate change has become not only the subject matter of academic debates, but also a regulatory reality, albeit in very heterogeneous shapes across jurisdictions. Against this backdrop, this paper aims at providing: (i) an up to date and comprehensive review of the relevant literature and (ii) a report of the regulatory and legislative approaches followed by some of the most influential central banks. With respect to (i), the paper initially establishes a shared framework for the addressed issues, presenting the outcomes of previous scientific works in a schematic manner. It then explores both the widely accepted ideas and the predominant viewpoints on the most debated topics. Regarding (ii), the paper proposes a classification of the tools used by central banks worldwide, building on earlier studies. The article looks subsequently at several central banks (the European Central Bank, the US Federal Reserve, the Bank of England, the Bank of Norway, the Bank of Japan, and the People’s Bank of China) and reports which of such tools are respectively implemented, such as climate-related financial risks stress testing and monetary operations.

Published
2023

47. Enzymatic Methods for the Site-Specific Radiolabeling of Targeting Proteins

Author

Cristina Bolzati and Barbara Spolaore

Subjects
radioimmunoconjugates, transglutaminase, sortase, lipoic acid ligase, galactosyltransferase, PET, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract

Site-specific conjugation of proteins is currently required to produce homogenous derivatives for medicine applications. Proteins derivatized at specific positions of the polypeptide chain can actually show higher stability, superior pharmacokinetics, and activity in vivo, as compared with conjugates modified at heterogeneous sites. Moreover, they can be better characterized regarding the composition of the derivatization sites as well as the conformational and activity properties. To this aim, several site-specific derivatization approaches have been developed. Among these, enzymes are powerful tools that efficiently allow the generation of homogenous protein–drug conjugates under physiological conditions, thus preserving their native structure and activity. This review will summarize the progress made over the last decade on the use of enzymatic-based methodologies for the production of site-specific labeled immunoconjugates of interest for nuclear medicine. Enzymes used in this field, including microbial transglutaminase, sortase, galactosyltransferase, and lipoic acid ligase, will be overviewed and their recent applications in the radiopharmaceutical field will be described. Since nuclear medicine can benefit greatly from the production of homogenous derivatives, we hope that this review will aid the use of enzymes for the development of better radio-conjugates for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Investigation of probe surfaces after ion cyclotron wall conditioning in ASDEX upgrade

Author

A. Garcia-Carrasco, P. Petersson, T. Schwarz-Selinger, T. Wauters, D. Douai, V. Bobkov, R. Cavazzana, K. Krieger, A. Lyssoivan, S. Möller, M. Spolaore, V. Rohde, and M. Rubel

Subjects
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

For the first time, material analysis techniques have been applied to study the effect of ion cyclotron wall conditioning (ICWC) on probe surfaces in a metal-wall machine. ICWC is a technique envisaged to contribute to the removal of fuel and impurities from the first wall of ITER. The objective of this work was to assess impurity migration under ICWC operation. Tungsten probes were exposed in ASDEX Upgrade to discharges in helium. After wall conditioning, the probes were covered with a co-deposited layer containing D, B, C, N, O and relatively high amount of He. The concentration ratio He/C+B was 0.7. The formation of the co-deposited layer indicates that a fraction of the impurities desorbed from the wall under ICWC operation are transported by plasma and deposited away from their original location. Keywords: ICWC, Erosion-deposition, Fuel removal, Ion beam analysis, ASDEX Upgrade

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results