1. Guidelines for preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency : a 2023 update in Poland
- Author
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Paweł Płudowski, Beata Kos-Kudła, Mieczysław Walczak, Andrzej Fal, Dorota Zozulińska-Ziółkiewicz, Piotr Sieroszewski, Jarosław Peregud-Pogorzelski, Ryszard Lauterbach, Tomasz Targowski, Andrzej Lewiński, Robert Spaczyński, Mirosław Wielgoś, Jarosław Pinkas, Teresa Jackowska, Ewa Helwich, Artur Mazur, Marek Ruchała, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Mieczysław Szalecki, Artur Bossowski, Justyna Czech-Kowalska, Marek Wójcik, Beata Pyrżak, Michał A. Żmijewski, Paweł Abramowicz, Jerzy Konstantynowicz, Ewa Marcinowska-Suchowierska, Andrius Bleizgys, Spirydon N. Karras, William B. Grant, Carsten Carlberg, Stefan Pilz, Michael F. Holick, and Waldemar Misiorowski
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,25-hydroxyvitamin-D ,calcifediol ,cholecalciferol ,general population guidelines ,risk groups ,vitamin D deficiency ,Food Science - Abstract
Introduction: All epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent among the Polish general population. Since vitamin D deficiency was shown to be among the risk factors for many diseases and for all-cause mortality, concern about this problem led us to update the previous Polish recommendations. Methods: After reviewing the epidemiological evidence, case-control studies and randomized control trials (RCTs), a Polish multidisciplinary group formulated questions on the recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency both for the general population and for the risk groups of patients. The scientific evidence of pleiotropic effects of vitamin D as well as the results of panelists’ voting were reviewed and discussed. Thirty-four authors representing different areas of expertise prepared position statements. The consensus group, representing eight Polish/international medical societies and eight national specialist consultants, prepared the final Polish recommendations. Results: Based on networking discussions, the ranges of total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration indicating vitamin D deficiency [
- Published
- 2023