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The Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA) is one of the top insect collections in the United States with in excess of eight million curated specimens and significant amounts of materials in bulk collections and other unprocessed samples. The subphylum Myriapoda currently comprises approximately 17,500 species in the four classes Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla, and Pauropoda. The FSCA houses type material in the Diplopoda orders Callipodida, Chordeumatida, Glomeridesmida, Julida, Polydesmida, Polyzoniida, Siphonophorida, Spirobolida, and Spirostreptida. This catalog documents the FSCA primary type material for 74 species in 45 genera in 25 families and nine orders within Diplopoda.

The hitherto monospecific genus Pleonoporus is revised based on the syntypes of P. robustus Attems, 1938, housed in Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (NHMW), as well as on specimens of what we interpret as a new species of the genus, Pleonoporus tanzanicus sp. nov., collected in Tanzania and housed in the Museum of Nature – Zoology, Leibnitz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (ZMH) for more than a century. Both species are described based on habitus and gonopod structures and illustrated with micrographs, whereas scanning electron microscope images are also provided for the new species. This paper further highlights the importance of natural history collections for taxonomic research and studies on species diversity in general.

Orthoporus vialis Loomis, 1974: 185 Holotype: 1 ♂. HOLOTYPE / 1 ♂/ DIPLOPODA / SPIROSTREPTIDAE / Orthoporus vialis / Loomis/ det H. F. Loomis/ COSTA RICA: Prov. of/ San Jose, San Isidro,/ Cerro de la Muerte,/ Inter-American Hwy./ 16-IV-1972 / E. M. & H. F. Loomis/ altitude 5,000 ft. // [hw label] HOLOTYPE ♂ // [barcode label] FSCA 00070974. Conservation status: Good condition; in 75% EtOH; gonopodia in microvial., Published as part of Keller, Oliver, Dunn, Ann & Soto-Adames, Felipe, 2023, An annotated catalog of the primary type material of Myriapoda deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods in Gainesville, FL, USA, pp. 230-250 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7960066, {"references":["Loomis, H. F. (1974) Millipeds from southern Costa Rican highlands. Florida Entomologist, 57 (2), 169 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3493479"]}

Orthoporus nodosus Loomis, 1974: 185 Holotype: 1 ♂. HOLOTYPE / 1 ♂/ DIPLOPODA / SPIROSTREPTIDAE / Orthoporus nodosus / Loomis/ det. H. F. Loomis/ COSTA RICA: Prov. of/ Puntarenas, San Vito,/ Finca las Cruces/ 17-18-IV-1972 / E. M. & H. F. Loomis // [barcode label] FSCA 00070892. Conservation status: Good condition; in 75% EtOH; gonopodia in microvial., Published as part of Keller, Oliver, Dunn, Ann & Soto-Adames, Felipe, 2023, An annotated catalog of the primary type material of Myriapoda deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods in Gainesville, FL, USA, pp. 230-250 in Zootaxa 5293 (2) on page 245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5293.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/7960066, {"references":["Loomis, H. F. (1974) Millipeds from southern Costa Rican highlands. Florida Entomologist, 57 (2), 169 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3493479"]}

Pseudonannolene insularis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E22AC8BA-3062-470B-8A34-E2D0B3FF5A6D Figs 155– 156, 164N, 166R, 174D, 179H, 191 Diagnosis Males of P. insularis sp. nov. resemble those of P. halophila, P. maritima, P. patagonica, and P. sebastianus by having large and subrectangular coxae on the first leg-pair (Fig. 156A) and suboval penis (Fig. 156C), but differing by having the internal branch with horizontal plate; solenomere with apicomesal process and seminal apophysis elongated (Fig. 156D). Etymology The species epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ insularis ’; in reference to the insular distribution of the species. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; São Paulo, Ubatuba, Ilha Prumirim; [-23.385245, -44.944144]; 75 m a.s.l.; 2–10 Sep. 1994; C.F. Vieira and A. Eterovic leg.; IBSP 7888. Paratypes (total: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀) BRAZIL • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 7889 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 1231. Referred non-type material (total: 3 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; 1 immature) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 2 ♀♀; Ubatuba, Ilha Prumirim; [-23.385075, -44.944205]; 75 m a.s.l.; 2–10 Sep. 1994; C.F. Viera and A. Eterovic leg.; IBSP 1231 • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1233 • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1116. Description MEASUREMENTS. 62–66 body rings (1 apodous + telson). Males: body length 71.8 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4.9 mm. Females: body length 70.4–79.5 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.9–5.4 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head, antennae, and collum darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial band darker and a posterior lighter; legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 164N), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14≈5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin swollen. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 30 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 10 striae, curved ectad posteriorly (Fig. 155A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae up to ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 174D). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) elongated (as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths), subrectangular, with the base slightly arched, sparsely setose (Fig. 156A); prefemoral process (prf) as long as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along the entire ventral region (Fig. 156B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths, subrectangular; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, extended basally (Fig. 156C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, expanded medially, with the base not arched; antero-posteriorly strongly flattened (Fig. 156D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; slightly protruded on squamous region of sl, arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) inconspicuous. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 156D); solenomere (sl) with squamous region expanded laterally and folded apically; apicomesal process (amp) elongated, subtriangular; ectal process absent; sa located at mesal portion, elongated, thickened apically on squamous region. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped and rounded apically, with large horizontal plate, rounded; setae restricted to the apical region of ib exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 156D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 179H); internal valve subtriangular, slightly rounded; operculum narrow; external valve subtriangular, covering operculum basally. Distribution Known only from the type locality Ilha Prumirim, Ubatuba, São Paulo State, Brazil (Fig. 191)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 106-107, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021

Pseudonannolene inops Brölemann, 1929 stat. nov. Figs 74–75, 163I, 165L, 169B, 177L, 183, 218B Pseudonannolene bovei inops Brölemann, 1929: 9, figs 8–18. Pseudonannolene bovei inops – Mauriès 1987: 177 (lectotype and paralectotypes designations). — Jeekel 2004: 88. Diagnosis Males of P. inops resemble those of P. anapophysis, P. bovei, and P. xavieri by having a solenomere with an elongated ectal process directed horizontally (Figs 75D–F, 218B), but differing by having a S-shaped internal branch swollen apically (Fig. 75D). Etymology Named after the Latin adjective ‘ inops ’ = ‘weak’, ‘helpless’, ‘lacking’. Unspecified in the original description. Material examined (total: 17 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 1 immature) BRAZIL – Rio Grande do Sul • 1 ♂; Maquiné, Fepagro; [-29.65, -50.2]; 22 m a.s.l.; Jan. 2002; Equipe Biota leg.; IBSP 2505 • 1 ♂, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2542 • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2550 • 7 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2488 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2544 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2559 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2533. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 61–62 body rings (1 apodous + telson). Males: body length 55 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.5 mm. Females: body length 55–60 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3–3.5 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head, collum, antennae and legs darker; prozonites greyish anteriorly; metazonites with a brown medial band and a lighter posterior band. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 163I), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14≈5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin swollen. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, covered partially by anterior region of collum, elliptical; ca 25 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes broadly rounded, with ca 6 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 74A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 169B). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched and slightly expanded, densely setose (Fig. 75A); prefemoral process (prf) as long as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along the entire ventral region (Fig. 75B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and subrectangular; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 75C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base slightly arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 75D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa); thickened basally and protruded on squamous region of sl (Fig. 75E). Shoulder (sh) inconspicuous. Telopodite (tp) as wide as half of gcx (Fig. 75D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) short; ectal process (ep) subtriangular, elongated and perpendicular to amp; sa located at mesal portion, visible apically. Internal branch (ib) swollen, curved apically, S-shaped, and enfolding sl in anal view; ib with setae along its entire margin not exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 75D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 177L); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region rounded; operculum large, curved ectad; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution The species occurs in the Atlantic Forest from Rio Grande do Sul up to Santa Catarina State, Brazil (Fig. 183). Comments Although the examination of the lectotype and paralectotypes (two males and two females) deposited at the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN), was not possible during this study, the original description and drawings provided by Brölemann (1929) are highly detailed., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Brolemann H. W. 1929. Myriapodes recueillis aus Bresil par M. le professeur Caullery, membre de l'institut. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France 29 (1): 1 - 37.","Mauries J-P. 1987. Cambalides nouveaux et peu connus d'Asie, d'Amerique et d'Oceanie. II. Pseudonannolenidae, Choctellidae (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 4 e serie, Section A, Zoologie 9 (1): 169 - 199.","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109."]}

Pseudonannolene nicolau sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 69C209DC-C284-46AB-BF9D-8F71D4795DAD Figs 159–160, 164B, 174E, 179I, 191; Supp. file 4: Figs 216D, 217B, 221C Diagnosis Males of P. nicolau sp. nov. can be distinguished from those of all other species of Pseudonannolene by having apicomesal, medial, and ectal processes on the solenomere (Fig. 160D). Etymology The species epithet is a noun in apposition derived from the type locality Fazenda São Nicolau, Cotriguaçu, Mato Grosso, an important area of reforestation and environmental education in the Amazon rainforest. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Mato Grosso, Cotriguaçu, Fazenda São Nicolau; [-9.902508, -58.568103]; 370 m a.s.l.; 9 Dec. 2009; D. Rodrigues leg.; ABAM. Paratypes (total: 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀, 1 immature) BRAZIL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 immature; same locality data as for holotype; 8 Dec. 2009; D.A. Batistella leg.; ABAM • 2 ♀♀; same locality data as for holotype; 14 Dec. 2009; L.D. Battirola leg.; ABAM 76. Referred non-type material (total: 26 ♂♂, 32 ♀♀; 3 immatures) BRAZIL – Mato Grosso • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 immature; Cotriguaçu, Fazenda São Nicolau; [-9.902508, -58.568103]; 370 m a.s.l.; 8 Dec. 2009; D.A. Battistela leg.; ABAM 0146 • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 14 Dec. 2009; L.D. Battirola leg.; ABAM 0147 • 2 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; ABAM 0153 • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 9 Dec. 2009; D. Rodrigues leg.; ABAM 0155 • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; 12 Nov. 2010; R.E. Vicente leg.; ABAM 0160 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 13 Nov. 2010; R.E. Vicente leg.; ABAM 0161 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 immatures; same locality data as for preceding; 3 Nov. 2016; R.E. Vicente leg.; ABAM 0173 • 15 ♂♂, 17 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; 2 Nov. 2014; M. Karam-Gemael leg.; CZUFMT 815 • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Aripuanã; [-10.306043, -59.658975]; 214 m a.s.l.; 15 Dec. 2003; C. Strussmann leg.; CZUFMT 831. Description MEASUREMENTS. 55–61 body rings (1 apodous + telson). Males: body length 65–71.5 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.1–4.5 mm. Females: body length 68.4–78.5 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.9–5.5 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head, antennae, and collum darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial band darker and a posterior lighter; legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 164B), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14>5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin swollen. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 20 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 12 shallow striae, slightly curved ectad posteriorly (Fig. 159A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae up to ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 174E). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) elongated (as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths), subrectangular, with the base arched and expanded, densely setose (Fig. 160A); prefemoral process (prf) as long as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along the entire ventral region (Fig. 160B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 160C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) rounded, basally expanded and progressively less wide, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 160D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder absent. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Figs 160D, 216D, 217B); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) short, subtriangular; medial process (mp) present, subtriangular; ectal process (ep) elongated, projected ectad; sa located at medial portion on mp, elongated, visible apically. Internal branch (ib) swollen and rounded apically, with large horizontal plate covering entirely trunk of tp in anal view; setae restricted to the apical region of ib not exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 160D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa clearly subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 179I); internal valve subtriangular, acuminated apically; operculum narrow, slightly curved ectad; external valve subtriangular, covering operculum basally. Distribution Known only from the type locality Fazenda São Nicolau, Cotriguaçu, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (Fig. 191), an important region of international efforts for reforestation in the Amazonian region (see Rodrigues et al. 2011, 2019). Species inquirendae Because crucial aspects for proper identification such as morphology of the gonopod, first and second leg-pair of males were not described or sufficiently documented in the original descriptions and types poorly preserved, the following species are considered species inquirendae, Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 109-111, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Rodrigues D. J., Izzo T. J. & Battirola L. D. 2011. Descobrindo a Amazonia Meridional: biodiversidade da Fazenda Sao Nicolau. Pau e Prosa Comunicacao Ltda., Cuiaba-MT."]}

Pseudonannolene scalaris Brölemann, 1902 Figs 119–120, 187; Supp. file 4: Fig. 223A Pseudonannolene scalaris Brölemann, 1902a: 133, pl. vi–vii figs 148–153. Pseudonannolene scalaris – Brölemann 1904: pl. ii fig. 3. — Jeekel 2004: 90. Diagnosis Males of P. scalaris differ from those of all other species of the genus by having internal branch contiguous to gonocoxa, without a notch separating both structures (Fig. 119B–D); internal branch longer than half of gonocoxa; seminal apophysis located medially (Fig. 119D). Etymology Although unspecified, the name is probably related to the Latin ‘ scalaris ’ = ‘pertaining to’ or ‘resembling a flight of stairs’ or ‘of a ladder’. Material examined Holotype ARGENTINA • ♂ [head and first leg-pair missing]; Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; [-34.638212, -58.470722]; 25 m a.s.l.; R. von Ihering leg.; MZSP 232. Other material (total: 1 ♂, 1 immature) ARGENTINA – Buenos Aires • 1 ♂ [on microscope slide]; Buenos Aires, Tandil; [-34.638212, -58.470722]; 25 m a.s.l.; Aug. 1952; MZSP • 1 ♂ immature [on microscope slide]; Balcarce; [-37.846741, -58.255617]; 123 m a.s.l.; Aug. 1952; MZSP. Descriptive notes Anterior region of holotype missing, descriptive notes of anterior body rings, first and second leg-pairs of males adapted from Brölemann (1902a: 133) and from topotype to supplement original description. MEASUREMENTS. 61 body rings (2 apodous + telson). Males: body length ca 50 mm (without head); maximum midbody diameter 2.6 mm. COLOR. Body color faded, but apparently prozonites brownish, metazonites with a posterior band brown; legs lighter brown. BODY RINGS. Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore in posterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae. FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched, densely setose mainly on distal region (Fig. 120D); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical; remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 120C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) as long as the telopodite, square-shaped and abruptly constricted towards apical region, with the base slightly arched (Fig. 119B–D); scattered rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) arising medially on mesal cavity, curved ectad at midlength of tp and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder absent. Telopodite (tp) elongated (Figs 119D, 120E–F); solenomere (sl) with small squamous region; apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular, mesal; ectal process absent; sa located at medial portion, visible apically. Internal branch (ib) elongated and positioned parallel to the tp; contiguous to gcx, without a notch separating both structures; long setae restricted to the apical region of ib exceeding seminal region of sl (Figs 119D, 120F). Distribution Known only from Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fig. 187)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 79-80, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Brolemann H. W. 1902 a. Myriapodes du Musee de Sao Paulo. Revista do Museu Paulista 5: 35 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9824","Brolemann H. W. 1904. Myriapodes du Museu Paulista, IIe memorie: Manaos. Revista do Museu Paulista 6: 63 - 96. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26467","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109."]}

Pseudonannolene robsoni Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 Figs 19A, C–D, 20, 21B–E, 23–24, 26A, C, 28A–C, 29B–C, 38, 39C, 39E–F, 113–114, 164H, 166G, 171E, 178J, 186; Supp. file 4: Figs 194A, 195B, 196D, 197D, 199A, 200B–C, 218C, 222D Pseudonannolene robsoni Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014: 367, figs 5–6, 14c. Pseudonannolene robsoni – Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 47. Diagnosis Males of P. robsoni resemble those of P. fontanettiae by having the internal branch with a torsion, in anal view (Fig. 114D), but differing by the torsion starting at midlength, and enlarged apically (Figs 114D–F, 222D); with distal projection present and directed diagonally upwards (Figs 114D, 218C). Etymology Patronym honoring the Brazilian biospeleologist Robson Zampaulo (Iniesta & Ferreira 2014). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Pains, Água Limpa cave; [-20.452013, -45.65294]; 28 May 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA 4080. Paratypes (total: 3 ♂♂) BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Pains, Bicho Desconhecido cave; [-20.405566, -45.590194]; 4 Apr. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA 4083 • 1 ♂; Pains, Loca dos Negros cave; [-20.435462, -45.659638]; 21 Mar. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA 4084 • 1 ♂; Pains, Duas Bocas cave; [-20.347712, -45.612605]; 1 Apri. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA 4085. Other material (total: 75 ♂♂, 78 ♀♀, 7 immatures) BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Pains, Zé da Fazenda cave; [-20.369647, -45.669438]; 691 m a.s.l.; 9 Mar. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA 4079 • 2 ♂; same data as for preceding except for Cerâmicas cave; 28 May 2009; ISLA 4081 • 1 ♂; Fumaça III cave; [-20.319627, -45.814827]; ISLA 4082 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 28 May 2009; ISLA 4082 • 1 ♂; Tio Rafa III cave; [-20.413392, -45.665192]; 735 m a.s.l.; 24 Jan. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA 4086 • 1 ♂; Ninfeta de Baixo cave; [-20.338226, -45.615253]; 725 m a.s.l.; 25 Jan. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA 4087 • 1 ♂; Cinderela cave; [-20.445910, -45.606112]; 837 m a.s.l.; 18 Sep. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA 4089 • 2 ♂♂; Macacos 01 cave; [-20.407618, -45.672563]; 738 m a.s.l.; 29 Mar. 2013; M.P. Oliveira leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; 02 Mineração Supercal II cave; Apr. 2008; E.O. Machado and J.P.P.P. Barbosa leg.; IBSP 3498 • 8 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3525 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3501 • 9 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same data as for preceding except for 05 Mineração Solo Fértil cave; IBSP 3530 • 5 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 2 immatures; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3526 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ immature; same data as for preceding except for 10 Mineração Supercal I cave; IBSP 3506 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding except for 11 Mineração Supercal I cave; IBSP 3513 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding except for 13 Mineração Supercal I cave; IBSP 3519 • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding except for 14 Mineração Supercal I cave; IBSP 3499 • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3505 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3495 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3507 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding except for 15.16 Mineração Supercal I cave; IBSP 3504 • 1 ♀; Três Idas cave; [-20.395293, -45.583257]; 831 m a.s.l.; Jul. 2008; E.O. Machado and J.P.P.P. Barbosa leg.; IBSP 3543 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3539 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3537 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3540 • 1 ♂; Alecrim II cave; [-20.286680, -45.793531]; 698 m a.s.l.; 22–25 Jan. 2008; E.O. Machado and J.P.P.P. Barbosa leg.; IBSP 3308 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3310 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3329 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3325 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3327 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3328 • 1 ♂; Arcaica cave; [-20.286846, -45.793296]; 700 m a.s.l.; 21 Jan. 2008; E.O. Machado and J.P.P.P. Barbosa leg.; IBSP 3316 • 1 ♀; Canudos cave; [-20.374367, -45.603485]; 794 m a.s.l.; 10 Oct. 2010; E.O. Machado and J.P.P.P. Barbosa leg.; IBSP 3438 • 1 ♀; Catedral cave; 24 Jan. 2008; E.O. Machado and J.P.P.P. Barbosa leg.; IBSP 3320 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3321 • 1 ♀; Entalhadeira cave; [-20.400391, -45.583857]; 828 m a.s.l.; Jul. 2008; E.O. Machado and J.P.P.P. Barbosa leg.; IBSP 3541 • 1 ♀; Alto Boqueirão cave; [-20.350962, -45.570567]; 872 m a.s.l.; 29 Nov. 1999; R.L. Ferreira et al. leg.; IBSP 3599 • 1 ♀; Bicho Que Foi cave; 3 Oct. 2003; IBSP 3433 • 1 ♀; Bode cave; 13 Oct. 2000; R.L. Ferreira and M. Souza-Silva leg.; IBSP 3588 • 1 ♀; Davi cave; [-20.338470, -45.779095]; 699 m a.s.l.; 10 Oct. 2000; R.L. Ferreira and M. Souza-Silva leg.; IBSP 3589 • 1 ♀; Massambará cave; [-20.328400, -45.809900]; 674 m a.s.l.; 12 Oct. 2000; R.L. Ferreira and M. Souza-Silva leg.; IBSP 3591 • 1 ♀; Peixe cave; 11 Oct. 2000; R.L. Ferreira and M. Souza-Silva leg.; IBSP 3612 • 1 ♀; Ronco cave; [-20.432907, -45.611615]; 785 m a.s.l.; 28 Nov. 1999; R.L. Ferreira and M. Souza-Silva leg.; IBSP 3607 • 1 ♂; Teto Plano cave; [-20.402395, -45.578811]; 863 m a.s.l.; 1 Jun. 2003; IBSP 3440 • 1 ♀; Vento cave; [-20.354472, -45.770592]; 699 m a.s.l.; 12 Oct. 2000; R.L. Ferreira and M. Souza-Silva leg.; IBSP 3586 • 1 ♀; Loca d’água cave; [-20.423987, -45.691977]; 820 m a.s.l.; 2 Sep. 1999; R.L. Ferreira and M. Souza-Silva leg.; IBSP 3606 • 1 ♀; PTO04 cave; 5 Apr. 2003; IBSP 3437 • 1 ♂; Sem Fim cave; [-20.285179, -45.791732]; 704 m a.s.l.; 24 Jan. 2008; E.O. Machado and J.P.P.P. Barbosa leg. IBSP 3318 • 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3317 • 1 ♀; Simone do Davi cave; 6 Nov. 2000; R.L. Ferreira and M. Souza-Silva leg.; IBSP 3615 • 1 ♂; SPA_006 cave; 6 Feb. 2004; N.T. Pimental and T.F. Ferreira leg.; IBSP 3841 • 1 ♀; SPA_010 cave; 6 Feb. 2004; F.O. Borges and M. Barcelos leg.; IBSP 3850 • 1 ♀; SPA_011 cave; 6 Feb. 2004; M.T.M. Souza leg.; IBSP 3845 • 1 ♀; SPA_012/13 cave; 23 Jan. 2004; F.O. Borges and M. Barcelos leg.; IBSP 3835 • 1 ♂; SPA_014 cave; 4 Feb. 2004; F.O. Borges and M. Barcelos leg.; IBSP 3843 • 1 ♀; SPA_015 cave; 27 Jul. 2003; F.O. Borges leg.; IBSP 3844 • 1 ♀; SPA_023 cave; 4 Feb. 2004; IBSP 3849 • 1 ♀; SPA_034 cave; IBSP 3838 • 1 ♂; SPA_036 cave; 22 Aug. 2003; IBSP 3847 • 1 ♀; SPA_043 cave; 22 Aug. 2003; IBSP 3851 • 1 ♀; SF_1568 cave; 21 Jul. 2015; F. Bondezan leg.; IBSP 5946 • 1 ♂; S1_Am_007 cave; 12 Feb. 2014; E.L. Borges and M. Barcelos leg.; IBSP 6011 • 1 ♀; 644_SF cave; 14 Dec. 2015; F. Bondezan leg.; IBSP 5952 • 1 ♂; TVS_353 cave; 21–30 Aug. 2014; Soares et al. leg.; IBSP 6014 • 1 ♀; SF_1671 cave; 15 Dec. 2015; F. Bondezan leg.; IBSP 5951 • 1 ♀; SF_1687 cave; 15 Dec. 2015; F. Bondezan leg.; IBSP 5949 • 1 ♀; S2_AM_028 cave; 18 Feb. 2014; F. Bondezan leg.; IBSP 5951 • 1 ♂; S2_AM_028 cave; 18 Feb. 2014; M.T.M. Souza leg.; IBSP 6007 • 1 ♂; SF_1662 cave; 23 Nov. 2015; F. Bondezan leg.; IBSP 5947 • 1 ♂; Lagoa da Prata; [-20.024458, -45.540700]; 666 m a.s.l.; 25 May 2003; IBSP 3434 • 1 ♀; Pains; [-20.373442, -45.661809]; 694 m a.s.l.; 10 Dec. 2001; IBSP 3436 • 1 ♂; same locality data as for preceding; 15 Jan. 2014; M. Barcelos and N.T. Pimentel leg.; IBSP 5966 • 1 ♂; Campo Belo; [-23.623135, -46.672269]; 765 m a.s.l.; 25 Mar. 2012; T. Portella leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂; Pains, Zé da Fazenda II cave; [-20.369635, -45.669427]; 692 m a.s.l.; 9 Mar. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂; Água Limpa III cave; 28 May 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂; Duas Bocas cave; [-20.285634, -45.796845]; 707 m a.s.l.; 1 Apr. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂ immature; Capoeirão cave; 22 Jan. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂; Lenticular cave; [-20.377211, -45.596513]; 792 m a.s.l.; 31 Mar. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂; Cerâmicas cave; 3 Apr. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂; Fumaça cave; 12 Feb. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂ immature; Dolina dos Angicos cave; [-20.418300, -45.678800]; 790 m a.s.l.; 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂; Doresópolis, Ninfeta de Baixo cave; [-20.338226, -45.615253]; 723 m a.s.l.; 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂; Córrego Fundo; [-20.450349, -45.554866]; 853 m a.s.l.; Aug. 2014; Santos et al. leg.; IBSP 5602 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5604 • 1 ♂, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5603 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5600 • 1 ♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5605 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5601 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5606 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5599. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 60–78 body rings (1–3 apodous + telson). Males: body length 65.3–120 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.8–6.6 mm. Females: body length 70–122 mm; maximum midbody diameter 5–6.8 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head and collum darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial brown band and a posterior lighter one; antennae and legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae long (Figs 21, 113A, 164H), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14≈57. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 30 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 7 striae, curved ectad (Fig. 19C–D). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae above ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Figs 26C, 171E). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base strongly arched, densely setose (Fig. 114A); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, curved ectad, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 114B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 114C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, twice longer than telopodite, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 114D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) short, subtriangular. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Figs 114D, 218C, 222D), arising just before ending of sh; solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) rounded; ectal process (ep) subtriangular, separating from amp by deep notch; sa located at mesal portion, visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow, surrounding basally tp as a shield; with torsion of 180° starting at midlength, enlarged apically and clearly visible in anal view, with elongated projection directed diagonally upwards; ib with setae along its entire margin exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 114D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Figs 39E–F, 178J); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region rounded; operculum narrow, slightly curved ectad; external valve short in oral view, subtriangular. Distribution The species is widely distributed in the Karst region of Pains and surrounding counties (Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis speleological unit), Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Fig. 186)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 73-76, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2014. New species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in South America (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3846 (3): 361 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.3.3","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225"]}

Pseudonannolene parvula Silvestri, 1902 Figs 103– 105, 164E, 166D, 171C, 178G, 186 Pseudonannolene parvula Silvestri, 1902: 24. Pseudonannolene parvula – Brölemann 1909: 85. — Viggiani 1973: 367. — Jeekel 2004: 90. — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013a: 92; 2013c: 79. Diagnosis Males of P. parvula slightly resemble those of P. spelaea by having the solenomere rounded apically and with seminal apophysis located mesally (Fig. 104D–F), but differing by the absence of a squamous membrane on the seminal apophysis (Fig. 104D); and by the presence of spiniform setae in the proximal region of the mentum and stipes (Fig. 171C). Etymology Named after the Latin adjective ‘ parvus ’ = ‘few’, ‘small’, plus the suffix ‘-ulus’ (feminine ‘-ula’). Unspecified in the original description. Material examined Syntypes PARAGUAY • 2 ♀♀; Alto Paraná, Bella Vista; [-25.528108, -54.583762]; 8 Jul. 1900; A. Borelli leg.; USNM 2020 • 1 ♂ [fragmented], 2 ♀♀ [examined by photographs]; same collection data as for preceding; ZMB 2888. Other material (total: 6 ♂♂, 18 ♀♀, 11 immatures) BRAZIL – Paraná • 1 ♀; Foz do Iguaçu, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu; [-25.500435, -54.583352]; 195 m a.s.l.; 3–12 Mar. 2002; Equipe Biota leg.; IBSP 1488 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1504 • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1463 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1437 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1451 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1462 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1443 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1482 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1474 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1486 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1962 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1967 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1961 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1954 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1952 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1956 • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1963 • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1960 • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1958 • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1955 • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1957 • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1959 • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1966 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1953 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 28–31 Jul. 2016; V. Calvanese leg.; IBSP 7629 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7630 • 3 immatures; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7628. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 58–61 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 51.9–55.4 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.4–4.9 mm. Females: body length 56–57.9 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4–4.1 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; collum darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial brown band and a posterior lighter one; head, antennae, and legs lighter brown. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 164E), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14>5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Mentum and stipes of gnathochilarium with scattered spiniform setae (Fig. 171C). Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 30 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 6 shallow striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 103A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae up to ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 171C). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched and strongly expanded, densely setose (Fig. 104A); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, curved ectad, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 104B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 104C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base slightly arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 104D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder absent. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 104D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) rounded; ectal process (ep) short, nearly not distinguished from amp by inconspicuous notch; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow, surrounding basally tp as a shield; setae starting at midlength of ib exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 104D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 178G); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region rounded; operculum narrow, curved ectad; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution Known from the region of Iguaçu Falls and surrounding forests on the border of the Argentine province of Misiones, Paraguayan department of Alto Paraná, and the Brazilian state of Paraná (Fig. 186). Comments Male syntypes from Alto dell’Iguazú and Puerto Bertoni described by Silvestri (1902) were not found. Nevertheless, syntypes from Bella Vista (Fig. 105C) and topotypes from Foz do Iguaçu were examined (Fig. 105D)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 67-68, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Silvestri F. 1902. Viaggio del Dr. A. Borelli nel Matto Grosso. VII. Diplopodi. Bollettino del musei di zoologia e di anatomia comparata della Reale Universita di Torino 17 (432): 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26628","Brolemann H. W. 1909. Os Myriapodos do Brazil. Catalogos da Fauna Brazileira. Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brasil.","Viggiani V. 1973. Le specie descritte da Filippo Silvestri (1873 - 1949). Bollettino del Laboratorio di entomologia agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \" 30: 351 - 417.","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 a. The first troglobitic Pseudonannolene from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3669 (1): 85 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3669.1.9","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 c. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3716 (1): 75 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.1.6"]}

Pseudonannolene silvestris Schubart, 1944 Figs 125–126, 164J, 166J, 172D, 178N, 188 Pseudonannolene silvestris Schubart, 1944: 419, figs 79–81. Pseudonannolene silvestris – Schubart 1952: 419. — Souza et al. 2012: 47. — Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 36. Diagnosis Males of P. silvestris slightly resemble those of P. fontanettiae, P. robsoni, and P. typica by having the internal branch with a slight torsion in anal view (Fig. 126D–F), but differing by having triangular coxae on the first leg-pair (Fig. 126A); solenomere with short apicomesal process and short subtriangular ectal process (Fig. 126D). Etymology Although unspecified, the name is probably related to either a patronym honoring the Italian naturalist Filippo Silvestri or to the Latin adjective ‘ silvestris ’ = ‘pertaining to a forest’, ‘living in wild area’. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [gonopods and first leg-pair on microscope slides]; São Paulo, Descalvado, Escaramuça; [-21.930038, -47.600826]; 687 m a.s.l.; 6 Mar. 1941; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP. Paratypes (total: 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 immature) BRAZIL • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP. Other material (total: 22 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀, 21 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♂; Iporanga, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR); [-24.485866, -48.646697]; 570 m a.s.l.; 8–15 Nov. 2001; Equipe Biota leg.; IBSP 2271 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2273 • 1 ♂, 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2230 • 2 ♂♂, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2234 • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2262 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2278 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 ♂ immature, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2261 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2267 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2282 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2284 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2283 • 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2245 • 2 ♂♂ immatures; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2237 • 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2238 • 1 ♂, 1 ♂ immature, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2272 • 1 ♂ immature, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2241 • 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2244 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2258 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2252 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2291 • 1 ♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2265 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2227 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2289 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2248 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2242 • 2 ♀♀; Analândia, São Sebastião; [-22.129316, -47.662849]; 663 m a.s.l.; 28 Dec. 1951; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 7 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Descalvado, Escaramuça; 687 m a.s.l.; 6 Mar. 1941; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 58–61 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 62.5–76.4 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.8–4.4 mm. Females: body length 73–74 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4–4.4 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head, antennae, and collum darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial darker band and a posterior lighter one; legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 164J), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14=5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 35 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 6 striae, slightly curved ectad anteriorly (Fig. 125A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae up to ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 172D). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, densely setose (Fig. 126A); prefemoral process (prf) about as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, curved ectad, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 126B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 126C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base slightly arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 126D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) short, rounded. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 126D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) short, rounded; ectal process (ep) short, slightly subtriangular, separating from amp by shallow notch; sa located at mesal portion, not visible apically. Internal branch (ib) short and narrow, subtriangular, surrounding basally tp as a shield; slightly twisted in the distal portion and with short projection; ib with setae along its entire margin slightly exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 126D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 178N); internal valve subtriangular; operculum narrow; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution Known from the central region and southern São Paulo State, Brazil (Fig. 188). Intriguingly, P. silvestris is well distributed in forests of the region of Alto Ribeira (PETAR), but it has not ever been recorded inside caves, while the species P. strinatii has been recorded only in caves (or in rocky outcrops) of the same region, suggesting a possible environmental and geographical partitioning for both species., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 83-85, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Schubart O. 1944. Os Diplopodos de Pirassununga. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 2: 321 - 440.","Schubart O. 1952. Diplopoda de Pirassununga IV. Adenda a fauna regional. Dusenia 3 (6): 403 - 420.","Souza T. S., Prado R. A. & Fontanetti C. S. 2012. High content of constitutive heterochromatin in two species of Pseudonannolene (Diplopoda). Caryologia 58 (1): 47 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00087114.2005.10589431","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183"]}

Pseudonannolene albiventris Schubart, 1952 Figs 41–43, 163A, 167A, 177A, 180; Supp. file 4: Figs 218D, 219A Pseudonannolene albiventris Schubart, 1952: 408, figs 5–8. Pseudonannolene albiventris – Jeekel 2004: 88. — Gallo & Bichuette 2017: 4; 2020: 36. cf. Pseudonannolene albiventris – Gallo & Bichuette 2017: 6, figs 4f, 5f, 9h. Diagnosis Males of P. albiventris resemble those of P. caulleryi Brölemann, 1929 and P. mesai Fontanetti, 2000 by having a large trunk of the telopodite (Fig. 42D–F), but differing by the subrectangular coxae on the first leg-pair (Fig. 42A); suboval penis (Fig. 42C); solenomere with short and rounded ectal process (Fig. 42D–F). Etymology Named after the Latin adjective ‘ albus ’ = ‘white’, plus the masculine noun ‘ venter ’, referring to the whitish ventral region of the body rings (Schubart 1952). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [gonopods, gnathochilarium, first and second leg-pair on microscope slides]; São Paulo, Analândia, Fazenda Nova América; [-22.129298, -47.662635]; 665 m a.s.l.; 7 Mar. 1944; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP. Paratypes (total: 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 immature) BRAZIL • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP 1008 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP. Other material (total: 12 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀, 23 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP 1007 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP 1008 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP • 1 ♂; Piracicaba; [-22.735152, -47.647892]; 532 m a.s.l.; 24 Oct. 1949; F.P. Monteiro leg., MZSP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP • 1 ♀ immature, 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP • 10 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP • 2 ♀♀, 8 ♀♀ immatures; Cordeirópolis, Estação Experimental de Cordeirópolis (= Centro de Citricultura Sylvio Moreira); [-22.462172, -47.399190]; 737 m a.s.l.; Feb. 1952; L.G. Lordello leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 8 ♀♀ immatures; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 2 ♀♀ immatures; same collection data as for preceding; Dec. 1952; MZSP • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; Feb. 1953; MZSP • 1 ♀ immature; Campinas, Viracopos; [-22.968361, -47.153399]; 619 m a.s.l.; Feb. 1953; L.G. Lordello leg.; MZSP. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 59–63 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 35–45 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.4–2.5 mm. Females: body length 35–45 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.3– 3.1 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish; metazonites with a medial brown band and a posterior lighter band; antennae and legs light brown (Fig. 41). HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 163A), just reaching back to end of ring 4 when extended dorsally; antennomeres goblet-shaped; relative antennomere lengths 14=5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 35 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes broadly rounded, with ca 4 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 41A). Very faintly constriction between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae from ca ⅓ length below ozopore. Anterior sternum subrectangular, with 8 faint transverse striae (Fig. 167A). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) elongated (as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths), subrectangular, with the base arched, densely setose (Figs 42A, 43B); prefemoral process (prf) as long as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 42B); remaining podomeres with setae along mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, suboval, extended basally (Figs 42C, 43E–F); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; slightly flattened antero-posteriorly (Fig. 42E–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) rounded. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Figs 42D, 43D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular, larger; ectal process (ep) rounded; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow, surrounding basally tp as a shield; ib with setae along its entire margin exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 42D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 177A); internal valve subtriangular; operculum narrow, curved medially; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution Known from the central-west region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil (Fig. 180); occurring in the Cerrado biome (tropical savanna ecoregion) and in second-growth forests in the region., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Schubart O. 1952. Diplopoda de Pirassununga IV. Adenda a fauna regional. Dusenia 3 (6): 403 - 420.","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2017. Is there correlation between photophobia and troglomorphism in Neotropical cave millipedes (Spirostreptida, Pseudonannolenidae)? Zoomorphology 137 (2): 273 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 017 - 0389 - 0","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183","Brolemann H. W. 1929. Myriapodes recueillis aus Bresil par M. le professeur Caullery, membre de l'institut. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France 29 (1): 1 - 37.","Fontanetti C. S. 2000. Description and chromosome number of a species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri (Arthropoda, Diplopoda, Pseudonannolenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 17 (1): 187 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752000000100014"]}

In order to provide a reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895, a cladistic analysis, biogeographic analysis, and taxonomic review were conducted in the present work. For the cladistic approach, 91 morphological characters were scored for 53 terminals as the ingroup and 10 as the outgroup. Three synapomorphies support the monophyly of the genus: presence of a longitudinal suture on the promentum, penial bases partially fused, and the internal branch of the gonopods surrounding the telopodite; and two homoplastic transformations: the lateral lobe of the collum densely striated and setae present up to the apical portion of the prefemoral process on the first leg-pair of males. The genus Pseudonannolene is recovered as sister-group of Epinannolene Brölemann, 1903 (Pseudonannoleninae). A total of 226 occurrence points were recorded for Pseudonannolene, with the majority of records from the Chacoan subregion, composed by Araucaria Forest, Atlantic, and Parana Forest provinces. The biogeographical searches using the Geographically explicit Event Model recovered two biogeographic reconstructions (cost of 79 000), with the vicariance events occurring more frequently in the deep clades, whereas sympatry and points of sympatry occurred in more inclusive clades. The first reconstruction recovered four vicariances, 13 sympatries, 4 points of sympatry, and 21 founder events, and the second reconstruction recovered four vicariances, 12–13 sympatries, 4–5 points of sympatry, and 21 founder events. The genus Pseudonannolene comprises 56 species, including 8 new species herein described: P. alata sp. nov., P. aurea sp. nov., P. bucculenta sp. nov., P. curvata sp. nov., P. granulata sp. nov., P. insularis sp. nov., P. morettii sp. nov., and P. nicolau sp. nov.; P. brevis Silvestri, 1902 and P. rugosetta Silvestri, 1897 are regarded as species inquirendae; a neotype of P. alegrensis Silvestri, 1897 is here proposed with male described for the first time. The following taxa are synonymized: P. canastra Gallo & Bichuette, 2020 and P. saguassu Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013 with P. ambuatinga Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013; P. marconii Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013 with P. longicornis (Porat, 1888); P. chaimowiczi Fontanetti, 1996, P. gogo Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013, P. rosineii Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014, P. taboa Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014, and P. longissima Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 with P. microzoporus Mauriès, 1987; P. tricolor gracilis Brölemann, 1902 and P. tricolor rugosus Schubart, 1945 with P. tricolor Brölemann, 1902; P. auguralis Silvestri, 1902 with P. rocana Silvestri, 1902; and P. abbreviata Silvestri, 1902 with P. typica Silvestri, 1895. P. inops Brölemann, 1929 is proposed here as new status from P. bovei inops. A dichotomous identification key is presented to facilitate the species identification.

Pseudonannolene bucculenta sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5CFFCC61-1C8A-4DE7-BF92-46C53D80A6FC Figs 149–150, 164C, 174B, 179F, 190; Supp. file 4: Fig. 197E Diagnosis Males of P. bucculenta sp. nov. resemble those of P. erikae, P. mesai, and P. curvata sp. nov. by having a mesally curving telopodite (Fig. 150D), but differing clearly by a narrow and elongated prefemoral process of the first leg-pair (Fig. 150B) and by the presence of paired projections in the proximal region of the mentum on the gnathochilarium (Figs 174B, 197E). Etymology The species epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ bucculentus ’ = ‘having fat cheek’; referring to the thickened projections on the mentum. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Nova Lima, RPPN Samuel de Paula; [-20.001055, -43.871088]; 975 m a.s.l.; Oct. 2006; J.P.P. Pena-Barbosa leg.; IBSP 3352. Paratypes (total: 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀) BRAZIL • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3358 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3396. Referred non-type material (total: 57 ♂♂, 40 ♀♀; 19 immatures) BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Belo Horizonte, Campus Pampulha, UFMG; [-19.868399, -43.959965]; 830 m a.s.l.; 6 Jan. 2006; L. Bernardi leg.; IBSP 2905 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3350 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3359 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3361 • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ immatures, 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3344 • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂ immatures, 5 immatures; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3348 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3353 • 8 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3410 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 immatures; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3407 • 1 ♂, 2 immatures; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3403 • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3415 • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3426 • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3426 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3408 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3406 • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3413 • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3416 • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3412 • 2 ♂♂, 1 immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3321 • 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3417 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3404 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3411 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3424 • 1 ♂ immature, 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3420 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3402 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3422 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 3423. Description MEASUREMENTS. 51–53 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 40.2–45.5 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.2–2.59 mm. Females: body length 38.2–40.2 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.4–2.6 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head and collum darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial band darker and a posterior reddish; antennae and legs lighter brown. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 164C), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14=5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Mentum of gnathochilarium with thickened basal projections (Figs 174B, 197E). Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 25 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 9 shallow striae (Fig. 149A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae above ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 174B). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base strongly arched, densely setose (Fig. 150A); prefemoral process (prf) narrow and as longer as prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 150B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 150C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, but less than twice telopodite, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 150D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved mesad; running mesally and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) short, slightly subtriangular. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 150D), strongly curved mesad; solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular; ectal process absent; sa located at mesal portion, not protruded apically. Internal branch (ib) narrow, foliaceus; with basal constriction in relation to gcx; ib with setae along its entire margin slightly exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 150D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 179F); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region clearly rounded; operculum narrow, rounded apically; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution Known only from forests in the central region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Fig. 190)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 102-103, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021

Pseudonannolene anapophysis Fontanetti, 1996 Figs 48–49, 163B, 165B, 167C, 177D, 180; Supp. file 4: Figs 204E, 206A Pseudonannolene anapophysis Fontanetti, 1996: 428, figs 1–4. Pseudonannolene anapophysis – Iniesta & Ferreira 2013a: 92; 2013b: 366; 2013c: 79. — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 47. Pseudonannolene sp. “Igatu”– Gallo & Bichuette 2017: 6, figs 4f, 5f, 9h. Diagnosis Males of P. anapophysis resemble those of P. bovei, P. caulleryi, P. inops, and P. xavieri Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 by having solenomere with subtriangular ectal process directed horizontally (Fig. 49D), but can be easily distinguished by the absence of a prefemoral process on the first leg-pair (Fig. 49A–B). Etymology Named after the Greek prefix ‘ an -’ = ‘without’, and ‘ apophysis ’. Unspecified in the original description, but likely to be related to the absence of a prefemoral process on the first leg-pair. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Bahia, Lençóis, cave Lapão; [-12.540361, -41.402709]; Jan. 1987; F. Chaimowicz leg.; MZSP 940. Paratypes (total: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 immature) BRAZIL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP 940. Other material (total: 3 ♂♂, 1 immature) BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂, 1 immature; Lençóis, cave Lapão de Lendres; [-12.561843, -41.389809]; 397 m a.s.l.; 3 Jan. 2010; R.L. Ferreira leg.; ISLA 20617 • 1 ♂; Lençóis, cave Lapão; [-12.540361, -41.402709]; 16 Jan. 2012; I.L.F. Magalhães leg.; IBSP 5209 • 1 ♂; same locality data as for preceding; 3 Sep. 1991; E. Trajano leg.; MZSP 1006. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 60 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 90 mm; maximum midbody diameter 5 mm. COLOR. Body color greyish; collum darker; metazonites with a light posterior band; antennae and legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 163B), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 17. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin swollen. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 23 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes broadly rounded, with ca 9 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 48A). Very faintly constriction between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 167C). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), with the base slightly arched, densely setose, and apically projected (Fig. 49A); prefemoral process (prf) almost vestigial, with mesal region of prefemur whitish, covered by long setae, and ectal region more sclerotized and slightly projected apically (Fig. 49B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 49C); prefemur slightly compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose, with long setae mesally. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base slightly arched; flattened antero-posteriorly (Fig. 49D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa); protruding on squamous region of solenomere. Shoulder (sh) long, subtriangular. Telopodite (tp) as wide as half of gcx, separated from sh by deep depression (Fig. 49D); solenomere (sl) with subtriangular apicomesal process (amp); ectal process (ep) subtriangular, elongated and perpendicular to amp; sa located at mesal portion, visible apically. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped, rounded and slightly curved apically, with horizontal plate rounded; setae restricted to the apical region of ib, exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 49D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 177D); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region rounded; operculum narrow, constricted medially; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution Known only from the central region of the Brazilian State of Bahia (Fig. 180)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Fontanetti C. S. 1996. Description of three cave diplopods of Pseudonannolene Silvestri (Diplopoda, Pseudonannolenida, Pseudonannolenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 13 (2): 427 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751996000200013","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 a. The first troglobitic Pseudonannolene from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3669 (1): 85 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3669.1.9","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 b. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae): synotopy of a troglophilic and a troglobiotic species. Zootaxa 3702 (4): 357 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3702.4.3","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 c. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3716 (1): 75 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.1.6","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2017. Is there correlation between photophobia and troglomorphism in Neotropical cave millipedes (Spirostreptida, Pseudonannolenidae)? Zoomorphology 137 (2): 273 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 017 - 0389 - 0","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2014. New species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in South America (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3846 (3): 361 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.3.3"]}

Pseudonannolene curvata sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 789F5690-028D-4681-9025-41E7D902A7E6 Figs 151–152, 175C, 179L, 190 Diagnosis Males of P. curvata sp. nov. resemble those of P. mesai, P. erikae, and P. bucculenta sp. nov. by having mesally curving telopodite (Fig. 152D). Pseudonannolene curvata differs from P.erikae and P. bucculenta by having the prefemoral process digitiform and larger than half of the prefemur (Fig. 152B), and from P. mesai by a narrow trunk of telopodite (Fig. 152D–F). Etymology The species epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ curvatus ’ = ‘curved, bent’; in reference to the curved telopodites. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Santana do Livramento, APA Cerrito; [-30.877251, -55.538789]; 208 a.s.l.; 10 Dec. 2012; R. Ott leg.; MCN. Paratypes (total: 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀) BRAZIL • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; MCN • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; MCN. Referred non-type material (total: 13 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; 3 immatures) BRAZIL – Rio Grande do Sul • 6 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 3 immatures; Santana do Livramento, APA Cerrito; [-30.877251, -55.538789]; 208 m a.s.l.; 10 Dec. 2012; R. Ott leg.; MCN • 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7877 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7878 • 5 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7879. URUGUAY – Salto • 1 ♂; Arapey River; [-31.147443, -56.882060]; 98 m a.s.l.; 20 Dec. 1954; FCE 433. – Tacuarembó • 1 ♂; Laureles, Puntas de Arroio, Rincón de la Vasoura; [-31.362767, -55.882940]; 147 m a.s.l.; 20 Jan. 1960; FCE 343. Description MEASUREMENTS. 51–56 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 33.4–40.6 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.3–2.4 mm. Females: body length 45.4–49.9 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.1–3.5 mm. COLOR. Body color greenish grey; head and antennae darker, and collum little lighter; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial band brown and a posterior whitish; legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 151A), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 4≈5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin swollen. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 25 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 6 striae (Fig. 151A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 175C). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched and expanded, densely setose (Fig. 152A); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along the entire ventral region (Fig. 152B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths, rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, slightly constricted basally (Fig. 152C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base slightly arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 152D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved mesad; running mesally and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) elongated, subtriangular. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 152D), strongly curved mesad; solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) rounded; ectal process absent; sa located at mesal portion, protruded apically. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped and rounded apically; setae restricted to the apical region of ib not exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 152D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 179L); internal valve subtriangular; operculum narrow, curved ectad; external valve subtriangular. Distribution Known from the border of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, northern Uruguay, and Argentina (Fig. 190).

Pseudonannolene magna Udulutsch & Pietrobon, 2003 Figs 87–88, 163L, 165Q, 170B, 178A, 184; Supp. file 4: Fig. 206D Pseudonannolene magna Udulutsch & Pietrobon in Fontanetti et al., 2003: 66, figs 1–9. Diagnosis Males of P. magna are similar to most species of the genus by having a subtriangular solenomere (Fig. 88D–F), but differing by a mesally situated seminal apophysis (Fig. 88D) and a long, densely setose prefemoral process on the first leg-pair (Fig. 88A). Etymology Named after the Latin adjective ‘ magna ’ = ‘large’, ‘huge’. Unspecified in the original description, but likely to be related to the body size of the species. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [fragmented]; São Paulo, Valinhos, Serra dos Cocais; [-23.024107, -46.894115]; Mar. 2000; F.B. Britto leg.; MZSP 941. Paratypes (total: 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀) BRAZIL • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP 941. Other material (total: 2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 8 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 1 ♀ immature, 7 immatures; Valinhos, Serra dos Cocais; [-23.023664, -46.893820]; 807 m a.s.l.; Mar. 2001; Pietrobon leg.; MZSP. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 60–62 body rings (1 apodous + telson). Males: body length 84 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4 mm. Females: body length 86 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4 mm. COLOR. Body color greyish; head, collum, antennae, and legs darker; prozonites greyish anteriorly; metazonites with a reddish posterior band. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 163L), just reaching back to the end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14>57. Mandibular cardo with narrow ventral margin. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 30 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 7 striae, curved mesad (Fig. 87A). Very faint constriction between prozonites and metazonites; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae above ozopores. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, with shallow transverse striae (Fig. 170B). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short, subtriangular, with the base arched, densely setose, mainly on distal region (Fig. 88A); prefemoral process (prf) elongated and as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, slightly curved ectad, densely setose up to its median region (Figs 88B, 206D). SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and subrectangular; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 88C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, rectangular-shaped, with the base slightly arched; flattened antero-posteriorly (Fig. 88D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) slightly curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) subtriangular. Telopodite (tp) less wide than half of gcx (Fig. 88D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular; ectal process absent; sa located at mesal portion, visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, surrounding base of tp as a shield; ib with setae along its entire margin exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 88D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 178A); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region rounded; operculum narrow, slightly curved ectad, constricted medially; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution Known only from the type locality Serra dos Cocais, Valinhos, state of São Paulo, Brazil (Fig. 184)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 53-54, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Fontanetti C. S., Udulutsch R. G. & Pietrobon T. A. O. 2003. A new species of cave milipede of genus Pseudonannolene (Diplopoda): description and karyotype. Periodico de Biociencias: seccao Zoologia, Rio Grande do Sul 11 (1): 65 - 68."]}

Pseudonannolene caatinga Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 Figs 11, 25B, D, F, 30A–B, 32A, 36A–B, 56– 57, 163E, 165F, 167E, 177F, 181; Supp. file 4: Figs 201D, 203B, 204A, 205B, 207B, 212F, 213A, 218A, 219C Pseudonannolene caatinga Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014: 375, figs 10, 14f. Pseudonannolene caatinga – Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 47. Diagnosis Males of P. caatinga resemble those of P. microzoporus, P. curtipes Schubart, 1960, and P. leopoldoi by having gonopod with subtriangular internal branch, and solenomere with ectal and apicomesal processes (Fig. 57D–F). Pseudonannolene caatinga can be distinguished from those species by having a distal projection on the internal branch (Fig. 57D). Etymology Noun in apposition, taken from the semi-arid biome ‘Caatinga’ where the species is widely distributed (Iniesta & Ferreira 2014). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Bahia, Ourolândia, cave Toca dos Ossos; [-10.858192, -41.134315]; 10 Jun. 2012; R.L. Ferreira leg.; ISLA 3627. Paratypes (total: 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀) BRAZIL • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 3628 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 3629 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 3630 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 3631 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 3634 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 3632 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 3633 • 1 ♀; same locality data as for holotype; 28 Jan. 2009; R.L. Ferreira leg.; ISLA 3635. Other material (total: 28 ♂♂, 38 ♀♀, 14 immatures) BRAZIL – Ceará • 1 ♂; Crato, Floresta Nacional Chapada do Araripe-Apodi; [-7.336788, -39.432647]; 941 m a.s.l.; 20–30 Jan. 2014; C. Sampaio leg.; UFPB 0086 • 1 ♂; Crato, Fonte do Xerife; [-7.230036, -39.412316]; 426 m a.s.l.; 2–3 Jun. 2000; floresta; A.B. Kury leg.; MNRJ • 1 ♂ immature; Rodovia CE 090, Floresta IBAMA; [-3.657215, -38.689267]; 16 m a.s.l.; 18 Mar. 1999; A.B. Kury and A. Giupponi leg.; MNRJ. – Alagoas • 1 ♂; Murici, Estação Ecológica Murici; [-9.232525, -35.858161]; 408 m a.s.l.; 13–22 Sep. 2003; Equipe Biota leg.; IBSP 2166 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2166 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2180 • 1 ♂, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2169 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2172 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2175 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2173 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2167 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2178 • 1 ♂; same locality data as for preceding; 22–23 Sep. 2014; E.P. Lorenzo leg.; UFPB 0146. – Sergipe • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Itabaiana, Estação Ecológica da Serra de Itabaiana (= Parque Nacional da Serra de Itabaiana); [-10.779742, -37.349371]; 343 m a.s.l.; 14–20 Sep. 1999; A.D. Brescovit leg.; IBSP 905. – Bahia • 1 ♀; Piatã; [-13.151128, -41.775671]; 1293m a.s.l.; 23–28 Dec. 2010; M. Teixeira Jr. leg.; IBSP 3944 • 1 ♂; Caetité, cave PF 13; [-14.066228, -42.486907]; 8–15 Dec. 2008; R. Andrade et al. leg. • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for cave PF 14; IBSP 5769 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for cave PF 04; IBSP 5770 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except for cave PF 22; IBSP 5776 • 3 ♂♂ immatures, 2 ♀♀ immatures; same collection data as for preceding except for cave PF 10; IBSP 5787 • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5788 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for cave PF 21; IBSP 5790 • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding except for cave PF 10; IBSP 5791 • 2 ♀♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding except for cave PF 11; IBSP 5792 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding except for cave PF 12; IBSP 5793 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for cave PF 13; IBSP 5796 • 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 3 ♀♀ immatures, 1 immature; Coribe, Serra do Ramalho, cave Enfurnado [-13.645275, -44.209846]; 646 m a.s.l.; Jul. 2007; A. Perez leg.; MNRJ 30154. – Distrito Federal • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Brasília, Área de Marinha; [-15.795139, -47.882086]; 1095 m a.s.l.; Oct. 1999; C. Nogueira, F. Valdujo and R. Montigello leg.; MNRJ 30149 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Brazlândia, Fazenda 33; [-15.670741, -48.200567]; 1114 m a.s.l.; 28 Dec. 2009; A. Chagas Jr., G. Segal and C. Segal leg.; MNRJ 30146. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 55–60 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 60–70.4 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.8–4.3 mm. Females: body length 57.3–68.8 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.5–4.5 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; collum darker; prozonites greyish anteriorly; metazonites with a medial brown band and a reddish posterior band; antennae and legs lighter brown. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 163E), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14≈5>6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 32 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 9 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 56A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae slightly above ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, with shallow transverse striae (Fig. 167E). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched, densely setose (Fig. 57A); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 57B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 57C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; flattened antero-posteriorly (Fig. 57D–F);with rows of papillae mesally.Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) rounded. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 57D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular; ectal process (ep) subtriangular, separated from amp by deep notch; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow, curved ectad at midlength, surrounding the base of tp as a shield; with torsion of 180° in the distal portion and a rounded projection, directed ectad; ib with setae along its entire margin slightly exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 57D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 177F); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region rounded; operculum narrow; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution The species is widely distributed in the Cerrado (tropical savanna ecoregion) of Goiás up to the southern Bahia State, in the semi-arid region of the Caatinga biome and partially some patches of Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil (Fig. 181)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 29-31, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2014. New species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in South America (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3846 (3): 361 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.3.3","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225","Schubart O. 1960. Novas especies brasileiras das familias Spirostreptidae e Pseudonannolenidae (Diplopoda, Opistospermophora). Actas da Sociedade de Biologia do Rio de Janeiro 4 (6): 74 - 79."]}

Pseudonannolene strinatii Mauriès, 1974 Figs 29D–E, 129–130, 164K, 166L, 173A, 179A, 188; Supp. file 4: Figs 192A–B, 211D Pseudonannolene strinatii Mauriès, 1974: 546, figs 1–2. Pseudonannolene strinatii – Mauriès & Geoffroy 2000: 155. — Campos & Fontanetti 2004: 53. — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013a: 92; 2013b: 357; 2013c: 79; 2014: 361. — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 43; 2020: 43. Diagnosis Males of P. strinatii resemble those of P. ophiiulus and P. tocaiensis by having an internal branch shovel-shaped and with a horizontal plate (Fig. 130D), but differing by having the head and collum depigmented (Fig. 129A); solenomere with short ectal process, separated from the apicomesal process by a shallow notch (Fig. 130D–F). Etymology Patronym honoring the biospeleologist and collector of the type material Pierri Strinati (Mauriès 1974). Material examined (total: 12 ♂♂, 25 ♀♀, 5 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♀; Iporanga, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR); [-24.485866, -48.646697]; 570 m a.s.l.; Jul. 1992; A. Eterovic leg.; IBSP 1257 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7633 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7634 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7635 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Iporanga, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), Areias cave; [-24.583809, -48.700458]; 497 m a.s.l.; 7 Apr. 2012; R.L. Ferreira et al. leg.; ISLA 20615 • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; ISLA 20622 • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; 1–18 Jul. 1991; R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg.; MZSP • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Ressurgência das Areias; [-24.583809, -48.700458]; 497 m a.s.l.; Apr. 1985; MZSP • 3 ♀♀; Jeremias cave; [-24.637976, -48.701058]; 456 m a.s.l.; R. Enfurnado leg.; MZSP • 2 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; 18 Aug. 1991; R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg.; MZSP • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ immature; Casa de Pedra; [-24.245425, -48.452803]; 895 m a.s.l.; MZSP • 1 ♀ immature; Toca do Tigre; [-24.666864, -49.054852]; 574 m a.s.l.; 9 Mar. 1991; R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg.; MZSP. – Paraná • 1 ♀; Rio Branco do Sul, Joca cave; [-25.194050, -49.314003]; 950 m a.s.l.; 18 Aug. 1989; R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Itacolombo cave; 28 Apr. 1990; R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ immature, 1 immature; Lancinha cave; 19 Aug. 1989; MZSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Bom Sucesso cave; 3 Apr. 1991; R. Pinto-da-Rocha leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 2 ♀, 1 ♀ immature; Cerro Azul, Rocha cave; [-24.893123, -49.243774]; 640 m a.s.l.; 2 Apr. 1991; MZSP. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 68–72 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 60–90 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.1–4 mm. Females: body length 78–95 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.5– 4.1 mm. COLOR. Body color greyish; head, antennae, collum, and legs whitish; prozonites anteriorly darker; metazonites with a medial darker band and a posterior whitish. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 164K), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14>5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin swollen. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 23 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 13 shallow striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 129A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae up to ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 173A). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched and expanded, densely setose (Fig. 130A); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along the entire ventral region (Fig. 130B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) subrectangular; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 130C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) subtriangular, basally expanded and progressively less wide (Fig. 130D–F), with the base not arched; antero-posteriorly strongly flattened, longitudinal thickened ridge with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder absent. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 130D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) short, rounded; ectal process (ep) short, subtriangular, separating from amp by shallow notch; sa located at mesal portion, not visible apically. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped and rounded apically, with horizontal plate; setae restricted to the apical region of ib exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 130D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 179A); internal valve subtriangular; operculum expanded apically, curved ectad; external valve subtriangular, as wide as half of internal valve in oral view. Distribution Known only from the Karst region of Alto Ribeira on the border of the Brazilian states of São Paulo and Paraná (Fig. 188). Although no restriction of P. strinatii to caves or rocky outcrops may be assumed, the species has not ever been recorded free-living in the forests of the region. Comments The lectotype and the paralectotypes (one male, two females, and two immatures) from Areias Cave, Iporanga, deposited at the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN), were not examined during this study. Nevertheless, topotypes from caves in Iporanga were examined (Fig. 188)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 87-89, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Mauries J-P. 1974. Un cambalide cavernicole du Bresil, Pseudonannolene strinatii n. sp. (Myriapoda - Diplopoda). Revue suisse de Zoologie 81 (2): 545 - 550. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 146025","Mauries J-P. & Geoffroy J. - J. 2000. Nouvelle description, classification, repartition et variations morphologiques interpopulations d'un diplopode troglobie du sud-est du Bresil (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae). Zoosystema 22 (1): 153 - 168.","Campos K. A. & Fontanetti C. S. 2004. Chromosomal characterization of Pseudonannolene strinatii (Spirostreptida, Pseudonannolenidae). Iheringia 94 (1): 53 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212004000100009","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 a. The first troglobitic Pseudonannolene from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3669 (1): 85 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3669.1.9","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 b. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae): synotopy of a troglophilic and a troglobiotic species. Zootaxa 3702 (4): 357 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3702.4.3","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 c. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3716 (1): 75 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.1.6","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2014. New species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in South America (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3846 (3): 361 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.3.3","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183"]}

Pseudonannolene lundi Iniesta & Ferreira, 2015 Figs 85–86, 165P, 170A, 177O, 184; Supp. file 4: Fig. 212B Pseudonannolene lundi Iniesta & Ferreira, 2015: 124, figs 1–3. Pseudonannolene lundi – Deharveng & Bedos 2018: fig. 7.4d. — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 42; 2020: 34. Diagnosis Resembling P. ambuatinga and P. spelaea by having head, trunk, and legs depigmented (Fig. 85). Males of P. lundi differ from P. ambuatinga by square-shaped solenomere (Fig. 86D), and from P. spelaea by having an evident seminal apophysis and a greater number of ommatidia (ca 25) (Fig. 85A). Etymology Patronym honoring the Danish naturalist Peter Wilhelm Lund, who is considered the founder of speleology as a science in Brazil. The name also refers to the caving Brazilian group “Espeleo Grupo Peter Lund”, for their contributions to our knowledge of the caves of the region where the species occurs (Iniesta & Ferreira 2015). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Luislândia, Lapa Sem Fim cave; [-16.233458, -44.585626]; 17 Apr. 2014; R.L. Ferreira, L.F.M. Iniesta, L. Rabello and M. Souza-Silva leg.; ISLA 8684. Paratypes (total: 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀) BRAZIL • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 8685 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 8686 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 8687 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 8688 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 8689. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 62–68 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 49.5 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.7–2.8 mm. Females: body length 61.9 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.8–3 mm. COLOR. Living specimens depigmented. Color when stored in 70% ethanol: uniform pale brownish white, faint dark shadows posteriorly on prozonites; head, collum, antennae, and legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 85A), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14>5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin swollen. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 30 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 10 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 85A). Very faint constriction between prozonites and metazonites; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, with shallow transverse striae (Fig. 170A). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) elongated (as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base slightly arched and expanded, densely setose (Fig. 86A); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along its entire extension (Fig. 86B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and subrectangular; penis (pn) located at proximal region, large and rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 86C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) rounded, basally expanded and progressively less wide, with the base arched; flattened antero-posteriorly (Figs 86D–F, 212B); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder absent. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 86D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) short, rounded; ectal process (ep) rounded, separated from amp by shallow notch; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped and rounded apically, with horizontal plate; setae restricted to the apical region of ib exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 86D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 177O); internal valve subtriangular, strongly inclined towards the mesal region; operculum narrow, constricted medially; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution A troglomorphic species known only from the type locality Lapa Sem Fim cave, Luislândia, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (Fig. 184). The Lapa Sem Fim cave corresponds to the largest cave in the Brazilian state, with at least 15 km of an intricate system of conduits and only two known entrances located in the extremities of the only intermittent drainage., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 51-53, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2015. Pseudonannolene lundi n. sp., a new troglobitic millipede from a Brazilian limestone cave (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3949 (1): 123 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3949.1.6","Deharveng L. & Bedos A. 2018. Diversity of terrestrial invertebrates in subterranean habitats. In: Moldovan O. T., Kovac L. & Halse S. (eds) Cave Ecology. Ecological Studies. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 319 - 98852 - 8 _ 7","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183"]}

Pseudonannolene callipyge Brölemann, 1902 Figs 17A–C, 58–60, 165G, 168D, 177G, 181 Pseudonannolene callipyge Brölemann, 1902a: 131, pl. viii, figs 154–159. Pseudonannolene callipyge – Brölemann 1909: 57. — Jeekel 2004: 88. Diagnosis Males of P. callipyge can be easily distinguished from all congeners by having glabrous projections located proximally on the stipes of the gnathochilarium (Fig. 168D). Etymology Named after the Greek nouns ‘ kállos ’ = ‘beauty’, and ‘ pugḗ ’ = in reference to the pygidium, telson. Unspecified in the original description. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [gonopods missing]; Paraná; 16 Oct. 1960; R. von Ihering leg.; MZSP 240. Paratype (total: 1 ♀) BRAZIL • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP 240. Other material (total: 19 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀, 4 immatures) BRAZIL – Paraná • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 immatures; Pinhão, Santa Clara; [-25.667400, -51.967915]; 753 m a.s.l.; 2007; IBSP5388 • 3♂♂, 1 ♀; Adrianópolis, Abismo do Sumidouro Sem Nome; [-24.766670, -48.839446]; 362 m a.s.l.; 8 Dec. 2017; C.A.R. Souza and L.F.M. Iniesta leg.; IBSP 7614 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7615 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7619 • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 immature; cave Pássaro Preto; 362 m a.s.l.; 10 Dec. 2017; C.A.R. Souza leg.; IBSP 7616 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7617 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7618 • 1 ♀; cave Straube; 362 m a.s.l.; 9 Dec. 2017; C.A.R. Souza and L.F.M. Iniesta leg.; IBSP 7620 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7621 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7622 • 3 ♀♀; cave Pássaro Preto; 362 m a.s.l.; 10 Dec. 2017; L.F.M. Iniesta leg.; IBSP 7623 • 3 ♂♂; cave Straube; 362 m a.s.l.; 8 Dec. 2017; C.A.R. Souza and L.F.M. Iniesta leg.; IBSP 7624 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 11 Dec. 2017; IBSP 7625 • 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 9 Dec. 2017; IBSP 7626 • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7627. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 58–60 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 58–67 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.8–5 mm. Females: body length 70.5–75 mm; maximum midbody diameter 5–5.2 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish yellow; head, collum, and antennae darker; prozonites and metazonites anteriorly darker, with a posterior reddish band; legs lighter brown. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 58D), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14=5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Stipes of gnathochilarium with glabrous basal projections (Fig. 168D). Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 40 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 6 deep striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 58A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 168D). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched, densely setose (Figs 59A, 60D); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 59B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 59C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; flattened antero-posteriorly (Fig. 59D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) rounded. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 59D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) rounded; ectal process (ep) short, subtriangular, separating from amp by notch; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow, surrounding the base of tp as a shield; with torsion of 180° in the distal portion; ib with long setae along its entire margin slightly exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 59D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 177G); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region rounded; operculum narrow; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution Known from the Atlantic Forest in the southern and northeastern Paraná State, Brazil (Fig. 181); some records from limestone caves in the Açungui Limestone Group., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 31-32, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Brolemann H. W. 1902 a. Myriapodes du Musee de Sao Paulo. Revista do Museu Paulista 5: 35 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9824","Brolemann H. W. 1909. Os Myriapodos do Brazil. Catalogos da Fauna Brazileira. Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brasil.","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109."]}

Pseudonannolene tricolor Brölemann, 1902 Figs 1, 134–135, 164L, 166N, 173C, 179C, 189; Supp. file 4: Figs 211E, 221B Pseudonannolene tricolor Brölemann, 1902a: 122, pl. vi figs 134–141. Pseudonannolene tricolor var. gracilis Brölemann, 1902a: 125. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene tricolor var. rugosus Schubart, 1945a: 313. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene tricolor – Brölemann 1909: 58. — Schubart 1944: 416, figs 77–78; 1945a: 294; 1952: 419. — Lordello 1954: 73. — Mauriès 1987: 177, figs 14–16 (lectotype and paralectotypes designations). — Fontanetti 1990: 698. — Penteado & Hebling-Beraldo 1991: 232. — Jeekel 2004: 91. — Miyoshi et al. 2005: 183. — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 48; 2020: 36. Pseudonannolene tricolor tricolor [by implication] – Brölemann 1902a: 125. Pseudonannolene tricolor var. gracilis – Brölemann 1909: 58. — Jeekel 2004: 92. Pseudonannolene tricolor var. rugosa – Jeekel 2004: 92. Justification of synonymy Pseudonannolene tricolor rugosus and P. tricolor gracilis were described considering only the body color variation and number of transverse striae on metazonites. Through the examination of the type material, as well as the accurate exam of additional specimens, we conclude that there is no morphological difference to justify the separation of these taxa. Therefore, both subspecies are considered junior synonyms of P. tricolor. Diagnosis Males of P. tricolor resemble those of P. longicornis by having the gonocoxa largely subcylindrical and a large shoulder (Fig. 135D–F), but differing by a shovel-shaped internal branch, slightly curved ectad at midlength, in anal view (Fig. 135D). Etymology Although unspecified, the name is evidently referring to the pattern of coloration of the body rings of living specimens: black, white and red. Material examined Holotypes BRAZIL • 1 ♀, holotype of P. tricolor var. gracilis; São Paulo, Piquete; [-22.601629, -45.176698]; 642 m a.s.l.; Jan. 1897; R. von Ihering leg.; MZSP. BRAZIL • 1 ♂, holotype of P. tricolor var. rugosus; São Paulo, Monte Alegre do Sul, Fazenda Santa Maria; [-22.689959, -46.682377]; 779 m a.s.l.; 27 Feb. 1942; F. Lane leg.; MZSP. Paratypes (total: 1 ♀) BRAZIL • 1 ♀, paratype of P. tricolor var. rugosus; São Paulo, Monte Alegre do Sul, Fazenda Santa Maria; [-22.689959, -46.682377]; 779 m a.s.l.; 27 Feb. 1942; F. Lane leg.; MZSP. Paralectotypes (total: 1 ♂, 1 ♀) BRAZIL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, paralectotypes of P.tricolor; São Paulo, Santo André, Alto da Serra (= Paranapiacaba); [-23.777531, -46.299860]; Jan. 1897; Diego leg.; MZSP. Other material (total: 49 ♂♂, 65 ♀♀, 36 immatures) BRAZIL – Tocantins • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Miracema do Tocantins / Lajeado, U.H.E Luiz Eduardo de Magalhães; [-9.754609, -48.380952]; 264 m a.s.l.; 2 Nov. 2001; IBSP 2031. – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Poços de Caldas; [-21.797214, -46.559999]; 1216 m a.s.l.; IBSP 7885 • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Monte Verde; [-22.865145, -46.039188]; 1550 m a.s.l.; 21 Feb. 2018; B. Challupe leg.; IBSP 7880. – São Paulo • 11 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 3 immatures; Barra Bonita, Hotel Estância Barra Bonita; [-22.515267, -48.532787]; 485 m a.s.l.; 21–27 Nov. 2001; M.E. Calleffo leg.; IBSP 964 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7882 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7883 • 1 ♂; Jaú, Independência; [-23.680577, -46.598126]; 766 m a.s.l.; 21 Dec. 2011; A.M. Giroti leg.; IBSP 7881 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Franco da Rocha; [-23.323672, -46.729425]; 785 m a.s.l.; 30 Jan. 2002; A. Cazdorroa leg.; IBSP 954 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7884 • 3 ♀♀; Amparo, Fazenda São Bento; [-22.708067, -46.772670]; 713 m a.s.l.; 8 Mar. 1943; F. Lane leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; Sítio de Oliveira Pinto; 21 Dec. 1949; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀ immature; Monte Alegre do Sul; [-22.690558, -46.682531]; 779 m a.s.l.; 1 Nov. 1943; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♀♀; Analândia; [-22.129316, -47.662849]; 663 m a.s.l.; 7 Mar. 1944; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Anhembi, Barraco Rico; [-22.788342, -48.131224]; 469 m a.s.l; 10 Dec. 1956; Travassos leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; Feb. 1990; C. Fontanetti leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀ immature; Araraquara, mata Mogi-Guaçu; [-21.784967, -48.178945], 685 m a.s.l.; 28 Aug. 1944; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; Corumbatá, Cerrado biome – FAPESP; [-22.222984, -47.623304]; 586 m a.s.l.; 1 Nov. 1985; O.A. Mesa leg.; MZSP • 2 ♂♂; Leme, Fazenda Graminha; [-22.182038, -47.384897]; 621 m a.s.l.; 10 Dec. 1948; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Lindóia; [-22.523300, -46.650246]; 703 m a.s.l.; 2 Feb. 1947; J. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀ immature; Mogi Guaçu; [-22.370451, -46.943508]; 602 m a.s.l.; 31 Jul. 1944; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀, 1 ♂ immature, 1 ♀ immature; Monte Alegre do Sul, Fazenda Ponte Alta; [-22.690149, -46.682657]; 767 m a.s.l.; 20 Jan. 1947; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; Dec. 1949; J. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 21 Jan. 1947; J. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 21 Jan. 1947; D. Gaspar leg.; MZSP • 2 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; 25 Oct. 1948; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂ immature, 1 ♀ immature; same locality data as for preceding; 26 Oct. 1948; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; same locality data as for preceding; 30 Oct. 1943; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP • 3 ♀♀ immatures; same collection data as for preceding; 31 Oct. 1943; MZSP • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Oct. 1948; MZSP • 1 ♀; Piracicaba, Escola Superior de Agronômia Luiz Queiroz – ESALQ; [-22.715040, -47.629727]; 555 m a.s.l.; Nov. 1952; L.G. Lordello leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; Piracicaba; [-22.734558, -47.647966]; 533 m a.s.l.; 7 Nov. 1985; L. Gignoretti leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 immature; Pirassununga, Baguassú; [-21.996797, -47.426165]; 633 m a.s.l.; 27 Dec. 1938; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀, 1 ♀ immature; Cachoeira; 5 Dec. 1939; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; same locality data as for preceding; 8 Jan. 1939; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 ♀ immature, 3 immatures; same locality data as for preceding; 16–20 Dec. 1938; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 16–21 Nov. 1942; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ immature; same locality data as for preceding; 25 Dec. 1938; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Cupinzeiro; Sep. 1943; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂ immature; Emas; 1 Dec. 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 28 Jan. 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂ immature, 1 ♀ immature; Fazenda Campo Alegre; 24 Feb. 1945; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♂♂; Fazenda Pedra Branca; 15 Feb. 1942; J. Gaspar leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Laranja Azeda; 5 Jan. 1939; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀, 1 ♀ immature, 1 immature; 28 Nov. 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; Jaguarí-Mirim River; 16 Mar. 1945; N. dos Santos leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 1940; A. Boggi leg.; MZSP • 3 ♀♀, 1 ♀ immature; same locality data as for preceding; 4 Feb. 1941; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 4 Oct. 1941; H. Rosa leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀ immature; same locality data as for preceding; 11 Jan. 1939; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀ immature; same locality data as for preceding; 11 Nov. 1947; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; 13 Jan. 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀, 1 ♂ immature, 2 ♀♀ immatures, 3 immatures; same locality data as for preceding; 14–17 Feb. 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 22 Nov. 1942; H. Rosa leg.; MZSP • 1 immature; same locality data as for preceding; 25 May 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 29 Dec. 1938; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; Jan. 1941; Aguirre leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; Oct. 1920; Aguirre leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Pitangueiras; [-21.011223, -48.217526]; 520 m a.s.l.; 24 Oct. 1943; F. Lane leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Santa Rita do Passa Quatro; [-21.707953, -47.479092]; 761 m a.s.l.; 24 Nov. 1949; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; Amparo, Fazenda São Bento; [-22.707856, -46.774107]; 760 m a.s.l.; 18 Dec. 1942; B. Soares leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Piquete; [-22.612999, -45.179019]; 642 m a.s.l.; Jan. 1897; MZSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ immature; Águas da Prata, Obelisque; [-21.947598, -46.718978]; 830 m a.s.l.; 31 Oct. 1952; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 55–61 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 79.3–81.9 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4.8–4.9 mm. Females: body length 68–81 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4.8– 5 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish; head, collum, and antennae darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a posterior band reddish; legs lighter brown. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 164L), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14>5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 35 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with 8 striae, curved ectad (Fig. 134A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae slightly above ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, with shallow transverse striae (Fig. 173C). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base strongly arched and expanded, densely setose (Fig. 135A); prefemoral process (prf) as long as prefemur, subcylindrical, apically narrow, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 135B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 135C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, largely subcylindrical, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Figs 135D–F, 211E); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) large, rounded. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 135D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular, short; ectal process (ep) subtriangular, separating from amp by shallow notch; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped, narrow and foliaceous; slightly curved ectad at midlength; setae of ib exceeding seminal region of sl (Figs 135D–F, 211B). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 179C); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region clearly rounded; operculum curved ectad; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution The species is widely distributed in the São Paulo State, and intriguingly with a disjunct population from the Araguaia-Tocantins basin (ca 1500 km from São Paulo) (Fig. 189). Comments The lectotype of P. tricolor from Paranapiacaba deposited at the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN), was not examined during this study., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 91-94, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Brolemann H. W. 1902 a. Myriapodes du Musee de Sao Paulo. Revista do Museu Paulista 5: 35 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9824","Schubart O. 1945 a. Diplopodos de Monte Alegre. Papeis avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia 6 (23): 283 - 320.","Brolemann H. W. 1909. Os Myriapodos do Brazil. Catalogos da Fauna Brazileira. Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brasil.","Schubart O. 1944. Os Diplopodos de Pirassununga. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 2: 321 - 440.","Lordello L. G. E. 1954. Observacao sobre alguns Diplopodos de interesse agricola. Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura \" Luiz de Queiroz \" 11: 69 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0071 - 12761954000100004","Mauries J-P. 1987. Cambalides nouveaux et peu connus d'Asie, d'Amerique et d'Oceanie. II. Pseudonannolenidae, Choctellidae (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 4 e serie, Section A, Zoologie 9 (1): 169 - 199.","Fontanetti C. S. 1990. Meiotic prophase in Diplopoda. Revista Brasileira de Genetica 13 (4): 697 - 703.","Penteado C. H. S. & Hebling-Beraldo M. J. A. 1991. Respiratore response is a Brazilian millipede, Pseudonannolene tricolor, to declining oxygen pressures. Physiological Zoology 64 (1): 232 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / physzool. 64.1.30158521","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Miyoshi A. R., Gabriel V. A., Fantazzini E. R. & Fontanetti C. S. 2005. Microspines in the pylorus of Pseudonannolene tricolor and Rhinocricus padbergi (Arthropoda, Diplopoda). Iheringia, Serie Zoologia 95 (2): 183 - 187. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0073 - 47212005000200008","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183"]}

Pseudonannolene leucocephalus Schubart, 1944 Figs 78–80, 169D, 177M, 183; Supp. file 4: Fig. 204B Pseudonannolene leucocephalus Schubart, 1944: 413, figs 75–76. Pseudonannolene leucocephalus – Schubart 1952: 418. — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013b: 366. — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 47; 2020: 36. Pseudonannolene leucocephala – Jeekel 2004: 89. Diagnosis Males of P. leucocephalus slightly resemble those of P. halophila by having the solenomere subtriangular (Figs 79D, 80D), but differing by having short coxae on the first leg-pair with a constriction at about midlength (Figs 79A, 80B); the prefemoral process wide (Fig. 79B); internal branch with a horizontal plate (Fig. 79D). Etymology Name ‘leucocephalus’ (feminine ‘leucocephala’) taken from the Greek words ‘ lefkó ’ = ‘white’, plus ‘ kephalos ’ = ‘head’, referring to the whitish coloration of the head and antennae of the species (Schubart 1944). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [gonopods, gnathochilarium, first and second leg-pair on microscope slides]; São Paulo, Mogi Guaçu, Cachoeira de Cima; [-22.223841, -47.049620]; 610 m a.s.l.; 12 Oct. 1941; J. Gaspar and O. Schubart leg.; MZSP 1101. Paratypes (total: 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 3 immatures) BRAZIL • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 3 immatures; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP. Other material (total: 14 ♂♂, 22 ♀♀, 14 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♀; Mogi Mirim, Usina Mogi-Guaçu; [-22.432213, -46.950871]; 623 m a.s.l.; 12 Oct. 1941; J. Gaspar leg.; MZSP 1054 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP 1060 • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; MZSP; • 1 ♂; Descalvado, Escaramuça; [-21.916757, -47.620295]; 685 m a.s.l; 4 Mar. 1941; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; same locality data as for preceding; 4 Mar. 1941; MZSP • 2 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ immatures, 8 ♀♀ immatures, 1 immature; same locality data as for preceding; 6 Jan. 1940; MZSP • 1 ♀; São José do Rio Preto, Fazenda Itália; [-20.816500, -49.376402]; 506 m a.s.l.; 25 Oct. 1945; F.P. Mello leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 2 immatures; Cachoeira de Cima, Rio Mogi Guaçu; [-21.087289, -48.180398]; 498 m a.s.l.; 15 Jan. 1947; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 1 ♀ immature; Leme, Fazenda Graminha; [-22.183853, -47.384995]; 624 m a.s.l.; 10 Dec. 1948; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Porto Ferreira, Mata do Procópio; [-21.842360, -47.471538]; 565 m a.s.l.; 7 Mar. 1944; N. dos Santos leg. MZSP. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 58–63 body rings (2–3 apodous + telson). Males: body length 25–35 mm; maximum midbody diameter 1.4–1.8 mm. Females: body length 28–38 mm; maximum midbody diameter 1.6– 2.1 mm. COLOR. Body color faded, but apparently prozonites brownish, metazonites with a brown posterior band; head, antennae, and legs lighter; collum brown. HEAD. Antennae short, just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14≈57. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, covered partially by anterior region of collum, elliptical; ca 20 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes broadly subrectangular, with ca 6 striae (Fig. 78A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae from ca ⅓ length below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 169D). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched, slightly expanded, and constricted medially, densely setose (Figs 79A, 80B, 204B); prefemoral process (prf) as long as half length of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along the entire ventral region, central groove deep (Fig. 79B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) subrectangular; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 79C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; slightly flattened antero-posteriorly (Figs 79D–F, 80C); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) inconspicuous. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Figs 79D, 80D), with rounded laterad projection; solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) short, subtriangular; ectal process absent; sa located at medial portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped, apically enfolding sl, with horizontal plate; setae restricted to the apical region of ib exceeding seminal region of sl (Figs 79D–F, 80D). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 177M); internal valve subtriangular, with its sides having the same length; operculum large, curved ectad; external valve narrow, in oral view, subtriangular. Distribution Known from the central-west region of São Paulo State, Brazil (Fig. 183); occurring in the Cerrado biome (tropical savanna ecoregion) and in second-growth forests in the region., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Schubart O. 1944. Os Diplopodos de Pirassununga. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 2: 321 - 440.","Schubart O. 1952. Diplopoda de Pirassununga IV. Adenda a fauna regional. Dusenia 3 (6): 403 - 420.","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 b. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae): synotopy of a troglophilic and a troglobiotic species. Zootaxa 3702 (4): 357 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3702.4.3","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109."]}

Pseudonannolene brevis Silvestri, 1902 Figs 161, 176C, 181 Pseudonannolene brevis Silvestri, 1902: 20. Pseudonannolene brevis – Brölemann 1909: 86. — Jeekel 2004: 88. — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013c: 79. Material examined Syntypes BRAZIL • 1 ♀; Mato Grosso do Sul, Corumbá, Urucum; [-19.200684, -57.599997]; 20 Oct. 1900; A. Borelli leg.; USNM 2021. Distribution Known from the Brazilian state Paraná (without exact location); another record from the literature for Corumbá, Mato Grosso State (Fig. 181). Comments According to Sierwald & Reft (2004), the type material of some species described by Silvestri is deposited in American and European museums. In subsequent works, not one reference was made for Pseudonannolene brevis or in which museum its types were supposedly deposited (see Viggiani 1973). The male syntypes of P. brevis described by (Silvestri 1902) were not found, but through consultations and visits made to some museums one female syntype was found and examined (USNM 2021; see article #73, ICZN) (Fig. 161). The original description of P. brevis does not provide illustrations or diagnostic features for the species. Nonetheless, the species clearly belongs to Pseudonannolene by having the longitudinal suture on promentum (Fig. 176C)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on page 111, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Silvestri F. 1902. Viaggio del Dr. A. Borelli nel Matto Grosso. VII. Diplopodi. Bollettino del musei di zoologia e di anatomia comparata della Reale Universita di Torino 17 (432): 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26628","Brolemann H. W. 1909. Os Myriapodos do Brazil. Catalogos da Fauna Brazileira. Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brasil.","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 c. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3716 (1): 75 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.1.6","Sierwald P. & Reft A. J. 2004. The millipede collections of the world. Fieldiana, N. S. 103 (1532): 1 - 100.","Viggiani V. 1973. Le specie descritte da Filippo Silvestri (1873 - 1949). Bollettino del Laboratorio di entomologia agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \" 30: 351 - 417."]}

Pseudonannolene patagonica Brölemann, 1902 Figs 106–108, 164F, 166E, 186 Pseudonannolene patagonica Brölemann, 1902a: 135, pl. vii figs 160–165. Pseudonannolene patagonica – Jeekel 2004: 90. Diagnosis Males of P. patagonica resemble those of P. halophila, P. maritima, P. sebastianus, and P. insularis sp. nov. by having large and subrectangular coxae on the first leg-pair (Fig. 107A) and a suboval penis (Fig. 107C–D), but differing by having the stipes of gnathochilarium swollen distally (Fig. 108C). Etymology Although unspecified, the name is evidently an adjective referring to the locality where the type material was found, Carmen de Patagones. Material examined Holotype ARGENTINA • ♂ [gonopods missing]; Buenos Aires, Carmen de Patagones; [-40.783233, -62.982821]; R. von Ihering leg.; MZSP 242. Descriptive notes Gonopod description adapted from Brölemann (1902a: 135) to supplement original description and to introduce gonopod terminology; remaining male sexual characters described based on examined holotype. MEASUREMENTS. 60 body rings (2 apodous + telson). Males: fragmented, body length ca 47 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.6 mm. COLOR. Body color faded, but apparently prozonites brownish, metazonites with a posterior brown band; head, collum, and legs lighter brown. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 164F), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14=5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 45 ommatidia in 6 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes broadly rounded, with ca 12 striae (Fig. 106A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae. FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) elongated (as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths), subrectangular, with the base arched, densely setose (Fig. 107A); prefemoral process (prf) thinner than half the prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 107B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, extended basally (Fig. 107C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) subtriangular, short (Fig. 108D); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) not visible on mesal cavity. Shoulder (sh) rounded. Telopodite (tp) large, but not as wide as gcx; solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) rounded; ectal process absent; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) short, subtriangular, with horizontal plate; setae apparently starting at midlength of ib exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 108D). Distribution Known only from the type locality Carmen de Patagones, Buenos Aires, Argentina (Fig. 186)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 69-70, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Brolemann H. W. 1902 a. Myriapodes du Musee de Sao Paulo. Revista do Museu Paulista 5: 35 - 237. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 9824","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109."]}

Pseudonannolene morettii sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C1C691B6-E5F5-4538-A235-0D33B7EFF734 Figs 157–158, 164A, 174C, 179G, 191; Supp. file 4: Figs 197F, 199C Diagnosis Males of P. morettii sp. nov. resemble those of P. pusilla by having short coxae on the first leg-pair with constriction at about midlength (Fig. 158A), but differing by having mentum and stipes of gnathochilarium with long scattered setae (Figs 174C, 197F, 199C); solenomere with seminal apophysis located medially (Fig. 158D). Etymology Species named after the beloved grandfather of the first author, Roberto Moretti (1933–2019). Noun in the genitive case. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; São Paulo, Mogi das Cruzes, Parque Municipal da Serra do Itapety; [-23.493336, -46.196382]; 881 m a.s.l.; 13–19 Oct. 2003; Equipe Biota leg.; IBSP 2481. Paratypes (total: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀) BRAZIL • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2484 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2486. Referred non-type material (total: 15 ♂♂, 36 ♀♀; 20 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♀, 1 ♂ immature, 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2471 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2464 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2461 • 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2458 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2459 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2485 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2480 • 1 ♀, 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2469 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2468 • 3 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂ immatures, 3 ♀♀ immatures; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2467 • 1 ♀, 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2465 • 1 ♀, 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2474 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2457 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2475 • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2477 • 1 ♀ immature, 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2462 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2473 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2466 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2472 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2482 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2460 • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2479 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2476 • 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2478 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; IBSP 2483 • 3 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Jundiaí, Parque Municipal da Serra do Japí; [-23.226630, -46.924751]; 871 m a.s.l.; 12–14 Oct. 2017; A.D. Brescovit leg.; IBSP 7893 • 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7895 • 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7894 • 1 ♀; São Paulo, Parque Estadual do Jaraguá; [-23.459535, -46.755378]; 783 m a.s.l.; 14–19 Oct. 2002; Equipe Biota leg.; IBSP 3180 • 1 ♂, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2368 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2367 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2379 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2372 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2358 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2374 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2359 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2360. Description MEASUREMENTS. 55–58 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 45.4–67.9 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.8–3.8 mm. Females: body length 45.3–68 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.8–5 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head and collum darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial band darker and a posterior lighter; antennae and legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 164A), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14=5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Mentum and stipes of gnathochilarium with scattered long setae (Figs 174C, 197F, 199C). Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 35 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 7 shallow striae, curved ectad posteriorly (Fig. 157A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae up to ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 174C). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base strongly arched and constricted medially, sparsely setose (Fig. 158A); prefemoral process (prf) less than half of prefemur, subcylindrical, curved ectad, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 158B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 158C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) longer than twice telopodite, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly strongly flattened (Fig. 158D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) large, rounded. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 158D); solenomere (sl) with short squamous region; apicomesal process (amp) elongated, subtriangular; ectal process absent; sa located at medial portion, not visible apically. Internal branch (ib) narrow and foliaceus; ib with setae along its entire margin, but only with the apical setae exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 158D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 179G); internal valve subtriangular, slightly rounded; operculum narrow; external valve subtriangular. Distribution Known only from the mountain range of Serra do Itapety, a partially preserved area with patches of Atlantic Forest in São Paulo State, Brazil (Fig. 191)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 107-109, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021

Pseudonannolene urbica Schubart, 1945 Figs 18A, 140– 142, 164O, 166P, 173E, 189; Supp. file 4: Fig. 223B Pseudonannolene urbica Schubart, 1945a: 313, figs 13–14. Pseudonannolene urbica – Jeekel 2004: 92. — Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 36. Diagnosis Males of P. urbica differ from all congeners by having the telopodite and internal branch short (less than ⅓ of gonocoxa in length) (Fig. 141D–F); solenomere short and trianguliform; apicomesal process located medially (Figs 141D, 223B). Etymology Although unspecified, the name is evidently related to the Latin adjective ‘ urbicus ’ (feminine ‘ urbica ’) = ‘related to city’, referring to the occurrence of the species in urban areas. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [gonopods, gnathochilarium, first and second leg-pair on microscope slides]; São Paulo, São Paulo, Jardim do Museu de Zoologia [MZSP], Ipiranga; [-23.585105, -46.600998]; 790 m a.s.l.; 3 Mar. 1943; F. Lane leg.; MZSP. Paratypes (total: 1 ♂, 1 immature) BRAZIL • 1 ♂, 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP. Other material (total: 9 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 1 immature) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♀; São Paulo, Parque dos Príncipes; [-23.572951, -46.772286]; 794 m a.s.l.; 14 Mar. 2003; IBSP 7887 • 1 ♂; São Paulo; [-23.550439, -46.633317]; 769 m a.s.l.; IBSP 2007 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2008 • 1 ♂; campus USP, Mata do Cuaso; [-23.561075, -46.724394]; 730 m a.s.l.; 12–19 Dec. 1999; D.F. Candiani leg.; IBSP 1249 • 1 ♂; Mata da Previdência; [-23.571120, -46.709728]; 732 m a.s.l.; 22 Feb. 2001; F.S. Cunha leg.; IBSP 716 • 1 ♂; Bairro Ipiranga; [-23.530503, -46.666090]; 744 m a.s.l.; 31 Jan. 1944; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Bairro Morumbi; [-23.598485, -46.720072]; 746 m a.s.l.; 6 Dec. 1948; E. Marcus leg.; MZSP • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Eldorado; [-23.709807, -46.627225]; 785 m a.s.l.; 1 Nov. 1947; E. Marcus leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂ immature; Mogi das Cruzes, Jundiapeba, Parque São Martinho; [-23.614280, -46.236089]; 814 m a.s.l.; 6–7 Jan. 2017; R.S. Bouzan leg.; IBSP 7886 • 1 ♂; Amparo, Fazenda São Bento; [-22.708011, -46.772597]; 687 m a.s.l.; 8 Mar. 1943; F. Lane leg.; MZSP. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 50–53 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 47.6–50.2 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.5–2.7 mm. Females: body length 52–53 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.8–3 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head, collum, antennae darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a posterior band lighter; legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 164O), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14>5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 41 ommatidia in 6 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 9 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 140A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 173E). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched, densely setose (Fig. 141A); prefemoral process (prf) about as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, curved ectad, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 141B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 141C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) rounded, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 141D– F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) rounded. Telopodite (tp) shorter than ⅓ of gcx (Fig. 141D); solenomere (sl) with short squamous region; apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular, located medially, with sa also at medial portion and visible apically; ectal process absent. Internal branch (ib) short, subtriangular, surrounding basally tp as a shield; ib with setae along its entire margin, but only with the apical setae exceeding seminal region of sl (Figs 141D–F, 223B). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous; internal valve subtriangular; operculum large, curved ectad; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution The species has been recorded only in the metropolitan region of the Brazilian city of São Paulo and surrounding area (Fig. 189)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 96-97, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Schubart O. 1945 a. Diplopodos de Monte Alegre. Papeis avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia 6 (23): 283 - 320.","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183"]}

Pseudonannolene tocaiensis Fontanetti, 1996 Figs 132–133, 166M, 173B, 179B, 189 Pseudonannolene tocaiensis Fontanetti, 1996: 419, figs 1–3. Pseudonannolene tocaiensis – Freitas et al. 2004: 38. — Souza et al. 2012: 47. — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013b: 357; 2013c: 78. — Karam-Gemael et al. 2018: figs 2–3. — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 43; 2020: 36. Diagnosis Males of P. tocaiensis resemble those of P. ophiiulus, P. strinatii, and P. sulcatula by having an internal branch shovel-shaped (see Figs 130D, 133D), but differing by having the first leg-pair with subrectangular coxae, prefemoral process larger than half of prefemur (Fig. 133B); solenomere with rounded ectal process (Fig. 133D–F). Etymology Although unspecified, the name is evidently an adjective referring to the locality where the type material was found, Toca Cave. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [fragmented, gonopods missing]; São Paulo, Itirapina, Fazenda da Toca, Toca cave; [-22.272463, -47.776046]; 776 m a.s.l.; 27 Aug. 1985; C.S. Fontanetti, A. Mesa and F.A.G. Mello leg.; MZSP 942. Paratypes (total: 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀) BRAZIL • 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀ [all fragmented]; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP 942. Other material (total: 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 2 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 ♂ immature, 1 ♀ immature; Itirapina, Fazenda da Toca, Toca cave; [-22.2531, -47.8228]; 776 m a.s.l.; 24 Feb. 1989; A. Mesa leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; Estação Ecológica Itirapina; [-22.249596, -47.825980]; 764 m a.s.l.; 30 Apr.–5 May 2001; Equipe Biota leg.; IBSP 1935. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 60 body rings (1 apodous + telson). Males: body length ca 50 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2 mm. COLOR. Body color faded, but apparently uniform pale brownish; metazonites with a posterior band brown; head, collum, antennae, and legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae short, just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14>5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 28 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 9 shallow striae (Fig. 132A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae from ca ⅓ length below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 173B). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subrectangular, with the base arched and expanded, densely setose (Fig. 133A); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along the entire ventral region (Fig. 133B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) subrectangular; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 133C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) subtriangular, basally expanded and progressively less wide, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly flattened; with rows of papillae mesally (Fig. 133D–F). Seminal groove (sg) straight up to ending of gcx, arising medially on mesal cavity, curved ectad in tp and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder absent. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 133D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) short, slightly subtriangular; ectal process (ep) short, rounded, separating from amp by shallow notch; sa located at mesal portion, not visible apically. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped and rounded apically, with horizontal plate; setae restricted to the apical region of ib exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 133D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 179B); internal valve subtriangular; operculum narrow, curved ectad; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution Known only from the type locality Fazenda da Toca, Itirapina, São Paulo State, Brazil (Fig. 189)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 90-91, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Fontanetti C. S. 1996. Description of three cave diplopods of Pseudonannolene Silvestri (Diplopoda, Pseudonannolenida, Pseudonannolenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 13 (2): 427 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751996000200013","Freitas V. C., David J. A. & Fontanetti C. S. 2004. Caverna da Toca: comportamento e biologia do diplopodo Pseudonannolene tocaiensis Fontanetti, 1996 (Spirotreptida). O Carste (Belo Horizonte) 16 (2): 38 - 42.","Souza T. S., Prado R. A. & Fontanetti C. S. 2012. High content of constitutive heterochromatin in two species of Pseudonannolene (Diplopoda). Caryologia 58 (1): 47 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00087114.2005.10589431","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 b. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae): synotopy of a troglophilic and a troglobiotic species. Zootaxa 3702 (4): 357 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3702.4.3","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 c. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3716 (1): 75 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.1.6","Karam-Gemael M., Izzo T. J. & Chagas-Jr A. 2018. Why be red listed? Threatened Myriapoda species in Brazil with implications for their conservation. ZooKeys 741: 255 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 741.21971","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183"]}

Pseudonannolene erikae Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 Figs 30F, 37, 66–67, 163F, 168B, 177H, 182; Supp. file 4: Figs 192C, 197a, 214E Pseudonannolene erikae Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014: 377, fig. 11. Pseudonannolene erikae – Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 47. Diagnosis Males of P. erikae resemble those of P. mesai, P. bucculenta sp. nov., and P. curvata sp. nov. by having a mesally curving telopodite (Fig. 67D), but differing by the presence of a large and hexagonal-shaped process on the first leg-pair (Fig. 67A). Etymology Patronym honoring the collector Dr Erika Taylor (Iniesta & Ferreira 2014). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Sete Lagoas, cave Rei do Mato; [-19.495666, -44.282498]; 4 Nov. 2011; R.L. Ferreira, L.F.M. Iniesta, A. Vasconcelos, P. Ratton and M. Souza-Silva leg.; ISLA 4107. Paratypes (total: 1 ♂, 1 ♀) BRAZIL • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 4108 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 4109. Other material (total: 13 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀, 2 immatures) BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; Prudente de Morais, Fazenda Sapé; [-19.474888, -44.159215]; 759 m a.s.l.; 8 Dec. 2005; E.S.S. Álvares leg.; IBSP 3331 • 1 ♂; São José da Lapa; [-19.699209, -43.958311]; 732 m a.s.l.; 17–21 Dec. 2012; Bueno et al. leg.; IBSP 7601 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7602 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7603 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7604 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7605 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7606 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7607 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7608 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7609 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7610 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7611 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7612 • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7613 • 1 ♂; Pedro Leopoldo, Campinho, cave CAMP 054; [-19.570000, -44.010291]; 826 m a.s.l.; 3–21 Nov. 2014; Equipe Spelayon leg.; IBSP 5984 • 1 ♂; cave CAMP_056; [-19.570189, -44.010147]; IBSP 5980 • 1 ♂; Matozinhos, CRH-MTZ, cave Vaca Tonta; [-19.566664, -44.078790]; 793 m a.s.l.; 4 Jan. 2018; Equipe Spelayon leg.; IBSP 7467. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 61 body rings (2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 52–55 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3–3.5 mm. Females: body length 50–55 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.3–3.5 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head, collum, and antennae darker grey; prozonites greyish anteriorly; metazonites with a lighter posterior band; legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 163F), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14>5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 32 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes broadly rounded, with ca 5 striae, strongly curved ectad (Fig. 66A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae slightly above ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 168B). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) elongated (as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched, densely setose (Fig. 67A); prefemoral process (prf) large, curved mesad, and projected laterally, densely setose along its entire extension (Fig. 67B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 67C); prefemur slightly compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose, with long setae mesally. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, but less than twice the length of telopodite, with the base slightly arched; flattened antero-posteriorly (Fig. 67D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; running mesally and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) rounded. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 67D), strongly curved mesad; solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular; ectal process absent; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped, narrow; ib with setae along its entire margin slightly exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 67D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 177H); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region rounded; operculum narrow, curved ectad; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution The species occurs in limestone caves and surrounding forests from the south region of the Karst province of the Bambuí Group, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Fig. 182).

Pseudonannolene fontanettiae Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 Figs 17D, 68–69, 163G, 165I, 168C, 177I, 182; Supp. file 4: Figs 201A, 222F Pseudonannolene fontanettiae Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014: figs 13, 14h. Pseudonannolene fontanettiae – Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 47. Diagnosis Males of P. fontanettiae resemble those of P. robsoni by having the internal branch with a torsion in anal view (Fig. 69D), but differing by the torsion starting only apically; mesal margin of the internal branch straight; with a distal projection present and directed horizontally (Figs 69D, 222F). Etymology Patronym honoring the researcher Dr Carmen S. Fontanetti, for her important contributions to the study of Brazilian millipedes (Iniesta & Ferreira 2014). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Tiradentes, cave Casa de Pedra; [-21.140467, -44.187566]; 992 m a.s.l.; 25 Feb. 2014; R.L. Ferreira, L.F.M. Iniesta, M. Souza-Silva, L. Ázara and M. Mendonça leg.; ISLA 5033. Paratypes (total: 1 ♂, 1 ♀) BRAZIL • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 5034 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 5035. Other material (total: 24 ♂♂, 16 ♀♀, 7 immatures) BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • 1 ♀; Tiradentes, cave Casa de Pedra; [-21.140467, -44.187566]; 992 m a.s.l.; 4–7 Jan. 2011; Pellegatti leg.; IBSP 5827 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5828 • 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂ immatures, 3 ♀♀ immatures; Lavras, Reserva do Boqueirão; [-21.346389, -44.990833]; 1066 m a.s.l.; 5–6 Mar. 2010; J.P.P.P. Barbosa leg.; IBSP • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3759 • 1 ♂; Sete Lagoas [-19.457188, -44.236375], cave ILCOM _ 07; 775 m a.s.l.; 5–14 Aug. 2013; Equipe Carste leg.; IBSP 7090 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for cave ILCOM_15; 13–21 Mar. 2014; IBSP 7073 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for cave ILCOM_26; 13–21 Mar. 2014; IBSP 7092 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7091 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 2 May 2014; IBSP 7087 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for cave ILCOM_12; 13–21 Mar 2014; IBSP 7101 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7102 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for cave ILCOM_15; IBSP 7077 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7076 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7075 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding except for cave ILCOM_28; IBSP 7088 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for cave ILCOM_18; IBSP 7084 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for cave ILCOM_19/20; IBSP 7096 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding except for cave ILCOM_13; IBSP 7083 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding except for cave ILCOM_11; IBSP 7080. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 65–69 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 55–76 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.5–3 mm. Females: body length 60–81 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3–4.2 mm. COLOR. Body color blackish; head, collum, and antennae darker, legs brownish; prozonites greyish anteriorly; metazonites with a medial brown band and a posterior reddish band. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 163G), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14>5>6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 38 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 6 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 68A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopores. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 168C). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched, densely setose (Fig. 69A); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 69B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 69C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 69D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) long, subtriangular. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 69D), arising just before ending of sh; solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) rounded; ectal process (ep) subtriangular, separated from amp by deep notch; sa located at mesal portion, visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow and with straight mesal edge, surrounding base of tp as a shield; with torsion of 180° in the distal portion, visible in anal view, and a rounded, elongated projection directed ectad; ib with setae along its entire margin exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 69D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 177I); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region slightly rounded; operculum narrow, curved ectad; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution The species occurs in limestone caves from the south region of the Karst province of the Bambuí Limestone Group and forests in the Zona da Mata mesoregion in Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Fig. 182)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2014. New species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in South America (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3846 (3): 361 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.3.3","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225"]}

Pseudonannolene halophila Schubart, 1949 Figs 21A, 30C, 31A–E, 32E, 70–71, 163H, 165J, 168E, 177J, 183; Supp. file 4: Figs 195C, 202A–B, 203C, 204D, 209C Pseudonannolene halophila Schubart, 1949: 234, figs 27–30. Pseudonannolene halophila – Fontanetti 1990: 698. — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013b: 366. — Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 36. Pseudonannolene tricolor – Schubart 1949: 222 (misidentified females from Ilha da Queimada Grande, São Paulo, Brazil). — Jeekel 2004: 89. Diagnosis Males of P. halophila resemble those of P. leucocephalus by having a subtriangular solenomere (Fig. 71D), but differing by the large and subrectangular coxae on the first leg-pair (Figs 30C, 71A, 203C, 204D); suboval penis (Figs 71C, 209C); telopodite with rounded laterad projection (Fig. 71D). Etymology Name ‘ halophila ’ (masculine ‘ halophilus ’) taken from the Greek words ‘ háls ’ = ‘sea’, ‘ salt ’, plus ‘ phílos ’ = having an attraction to something, referring to the coastal region where the species occurs (Schubart 1949). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [gonopods, gnathochilarium, first and second leg-pair on microscope slides]; São Paulo, Arquipélago dos Alcatrazes, Ilha do Farol; [-24.099557, -45.692906]; 53 m a.s.l.; 19 Feb. 1948; A. Hoge leg.; MZSP. Paratypes (total: 21 ♂♂, 20 ♀♀, 3 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 3 ♂♂, 1 immature; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP • 8 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀; Arquipélago dos Alcatrazes [-24.099557, -45.692906], Ilha da Sapata; 50 m a.s.l.; 22 Feb. 1948; A. Hoge leg.; MZSP • 10 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, 2 immatures; São Paulo, Arquipélago dos Alcatrazes [-24.099557, -45.692906], Ilha do Paredão; 48 m a.s.l.; 22 Feb. 1948; A. Hoge leg.; MZSP. Other material (total: 61 ♂♂, 58 ♀♀, 22 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Ilha dos Alcatrazes [-24.099557, -45.692906]; 53 m a.s.l.; 15 Apr. 1994; A. Eterovic leg.; IBSP 1101 • 16 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀, 7 immatures; same collection data as for preceding; 10–12 Sep. 1994; IBSP 1106 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 15–17 Apr. 1994; A. Eterovic leg.; IBSP 1174 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; H. Luederwaldt leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Feb. 1948; A. Hoge leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 16 Feb. 1948; A. Hoge leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 3–5 Oct. 1984; Mello leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Guarujá, Ilha dos Alcatrazes; [-24.099557, -45.692906]; 53 m a.s.l.; 15 Apr. 1944; A. Eterovic leg.; IBSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 immature; Guarujá, Ilha da Moela; [-24.050000, -46.266367]; 5 m a.s.l.; 29–31 Mar. 2009; R.P. Indicatti and F.U. Yamamoto leg.; IBSP • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂ immatures, 1 ♀ immature; same locality data as for preceding; 17–19 Jul. 2009; R.P. Indicatti and G.P. Perroni leg.; IBSP 3264 • 1 ♂; Santos, Vale do Rio Jurubatuba; [-23.876178, -46.305066]; 201 m a.s.l.; Mar.–Nov. 2007; IBSP 3163 • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3161 • 1 ♂, 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3162 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3154 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3157; 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3160 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; José Menino Morro; [-23.964989, -46.355878]; 63 m a.s.l.; 2 Feb. 1960; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Praia Grande; [-24.009294, -46.412305]; 9 m a.s.l.; 18 Feb. 1940; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀ immature; Jabaquara; [-23.943081, -46.339857]; 9 m a.s.l.; 12 Nov. 1955; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Itanhaém, Rio Branco; [-24.182030, -46.784951]; 12 m a.s.l.; 16 Jul. 1994; A. Eterovic leg.; IBSP 1091 • 1 ♂; Estação Ambiental São Camilo; 13–20 Mar. 2010; J.A. Nascimento leg.; IBSP • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3671 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Ilha da Queimada Grande; [-24.487922, -46.674156]; 53 m a.s.l.; 13–15 Mar. 2001; C. Bertim and J.P. Guadanucci leg.; IBSP 776 • 8 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 1 immature; same locality data as for preceding; 28 Apr.–1 May 2003; R.P. Indicatti and C.A.R. de Souza leg.; IBSP 1336 • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 19–20 Oct. 1994; A. Eterovic leg.; IBSP 1180 • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; Apr. 1993; Chammas and A. Eterovic leg.; IBSP 1151 • 1 ♀, 1 ♀ immature; same locality data as for preceding; 14–22 Apr. 1947; A. Hoge leg.; MZSP • 2 ♂♂; Guarujá, Santo Amaro; [-23.989919, -46.252532]; 17 m a.s.l.; 19 Jan. 1961; O. Schubart Filho leg.; MZSP • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂ immature, 1 ♀ immature; São Vicente, Ilha Porchat; [-23.977110, -46.371616]; 9 m a.s.l.; 21–29 Jan. 1959; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 24 Jan. 1961; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ immatures; Paranapuã; [-20.105474, -50.586007]; 474 m a.s.l.; 1 Nov. 1960; O. Schubart and O. Schubart Filho leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 ♀♀ immatures; same locality data as for preceding; 27 Jan. 1962; O. Schubart and O. Schubart Filho leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Ponte Pênsil; [-23.974434, -46.388706]; 18 m a.s.l.; 12 Jan. 1961; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; Prainha; [-23.976751, -46.388880]; 5 m a.s.l.; 5 Feb. 1960; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂; Cubatão, Mata da Copebras; [-23.847249, -46.399757]; 11 m a.s.l.; 2004; A. Nogueira leg.; IBSP 3297 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3296 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3268. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 49–64 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 41.7–89.3 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.7–4.1 mm. Females: body length 48.4–93 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2.5– 4.9 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head and collum darker; prozonites greyish anteriorly; metazonites with a dark medial band and a light posterior band; antennae and legs light brown. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 163H), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14=5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 35 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 5 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 70A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae slightly above ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, with 8 transverse striae (Fig. 168E). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) elongated (as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths), subrectangular, with the base slightly arched, densely setose (Fig. 71A); prefemoral process (prf) as long as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along the entire ventral region (Fig. 71B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) elongated and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, extended basally (Fig. 71C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 71D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) inconspicuous. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 71D), with rounded laterad projection; solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular; ectal process absent; sa located at medial portion, thickened and visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow, surrounding base of tp as a shield; ib with setae along its entire margin exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 71D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 177J); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region slightly rounded; operculum narrow, curved ectad; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution The species is widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest of the Brazilian archipelago Alcatrazes and in the coastal region of São Paulo State, Brazil (Fig. 183). Importantly, some of these islands from Alcatrazes were connected to the continent by a land bridge during the recession of seawater in the Last Glacial Maximum (around 85000–15 000 years ago) (see Martin et al. 1986; Fleming et al. 1998), and since then, populations of P. halophila remain supposedly isolated from each other and from the continent. As noted by Schubart (1949: 239), populations from different islands have a wide variation in body size, possibly related to intrinsic ecological factors of their habitats., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 39-42, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Schubart O. 1949. Os diplopoda de algumas ilhas do litoral paulista. Memorias do Instituto Butantan 21: 203 - 254.","Fontanetti C. S. 1990. Meiotic prophase in Diplopoda. Revista Brasileira de Genetica 13 (4): 697 - 703.","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 b. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae): synotopy of a troglophilic and a troglobiotic species. Zootaxa 3702 (4): 357 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3702.4.3","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Martin L., Morner N. A., Flexor J. M. & Suguio K. 1986. Fundamentos e reconstrucao de antigos niveis marinhos do Quaternario. Boletim do Instituto de Geociencias, Publicacao Especial 4: 1 - 161. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2317 - 8078. v 0 i 4 p 01 - 161","Fleming K., Johnston P., Zwartz D., Yokoyama Y., Lambeck K. & Chappell J. 1998. Refining the eustatic sea-level curve since the Last Glacial Maximum using farand intermediate-field sites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 163: 327 - 342. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0012 - 821 X (98) 00198 - 8"]}

Pseudonannolene maritima Schubart, 1949 Figs 10, 30E, 32B, D, 35C–D, 89–91, 163M, 165R, 170C, 178B, 184; Supp. file 4: Figs 207C, 211B Pseudonannolene maritima Schubart, 1949: 214, figs 12–17, 26. Pseudonannolene maritima – Jeekel 2004: 89. — Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 36. Diagnosis Males of P. maritima resemble those of P. halophila, P. sebastianus Brölemann, 1902, P. patagonica Brölemann, 1902, and P. insularis sp. nov. by having large and subrectangular coxae on the first leg-pair (Figs 30E, 90A, 91B) and suboval penis (Figs 90C, 91E–F), but differing by having the internal branch rounded; horizontal plate large, apically swollen when viewed anally (Figs 32B, 35C, 90D). Etymology Adjective referring to the geographical distribution of the species, occurring in islands of the Brazilian state of São Paulo (Schubart 1949). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [antennae, gonopod, gnathochilarium, first and second leg-pair on microscope slides]; São Paulo, Peruíbe, Ilha da Queimada Pequena; [-24.489198, -46.674305]; 100 m a.s.l.; 30 Sep. 1947; Expedição A. Hoge leg.; MZSP. Paratypes (total: 13 ♂♂, 24 ♀♀, 12 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♂, 13 ♀♀, 6 immatures; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP; • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 6 immatures; Peruíbe, Ilha da Queimada Grande; [-24.487922, -46.674156]; 14–22 Apr. 1947; Expedição A. Hoge leg.; MZSP • 10 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀; Ilha Grande; [-24.098785, -45.693242]; Luederwaldt and Fonseca leg.; MZSP. Other material (total: 17 ♂♂, 36 ♀♀, 6 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 5 ♂♂ immatures; Itanhaém, Ilha da Queimada Grande; [-24.487922, -46.674156]; 103 m a.s.l.; 1–2 Apr. 2003; R. Martins and R. Bertani leg.; IBSP 1530 • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 2003; IBSP 1213 • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 1 immature; same locality data as for preceding; IBSP 1176 • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 29 Apr.–1 May 2003; R.P. Indicatti leg.; IBSP 2829 • 1 ♂, 13 ♀♀; Ilha dos Alcatrazes; [-24.098785, -45.693242]; 60 m a.s.l.; 4–6 Jul. 1998; M.E. Calleffo leg.; IBSP 658 • 7 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; 15–17 May 1994; A. Eterovic leg.; IBSP 1102 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; 26 Aug. 2005; Equipe Herpetologia IBSP leg.; IBSP 3932 • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; 10–12 Jun. 1994; A. Eterovic leg.; IBSP 7898 • 4 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; 16 Feb. 1948; A. Hoge leg.; MZSP • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Peruíbe, Estação Ecológica Juréia / Itatins; [-24.380787, -47.078906]; 16 m a.s.l.; Dec. 1998; A.D. Brescovit leg.; IBSP 979. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 70–81 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 70–102 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.7–5.9 mm. Females: body length 60–80 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.8– 4.8 mm. COLOR. Body color greyish; head and collum darker; prozonites greyish anteriorly; metazonites with a dark medial band and a light posterior band; antennae and legs light brown. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 163M), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14>5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin swollen. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 40 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 8 thickened striae, curved ectad anteriorly (Fig. 89A). Very faint constriction between prozonites and metazonites; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopores. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, with shallow transverse striae (Fig. 170C). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) elongated (as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths), subrectangular, with the base arched, densely setose (Figs 30E, 90A, 91B); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along the entire ventral region (Fig. 90B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) elongated and subrectangular; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, slightly extended basally (Fig. 90C, 91E–F); prefemur dorsoventrally compressed; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base slightly arched; flattened antero-posteriorly (Fig. 91C, 90D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; protruded on squamous region of sl, arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) inconspicuous. Telopodite (tp) less than half as wide as gcx (Figs 32B, 35C–D, 91D, 90D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular; ectal process absent; sa located at mesal portion, thickened apically. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped and rounded apically, with horizontal plate; setae restricted to the apical region of ib not exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 91C, 90D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 178B); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region rounded; operculum narrow; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution The species is widely distributed in the Atlantic Forest of the Brazilian archipelago Alcatrazes and in the coastal region of São Paulo State, Brazil (Fig. 184)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 54-56, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Schubart O. 1949. Os diplopoda de algumas ilhas do litoral paulista. Memorias do Instituto Butantan 21: 203 - 254.","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183"]}

Pseudonannolene centralis Silvestri, 1902 Figs 62–63, 176D, 182 Pseudonannolene centralis Silvestri, 1902: 19. Pseudonannolene centralis – Jeekel 2004: 88. Diagnosis Males of P. centralis resemble those of P. typica by having a solenomere with a short ectal process, separated from the apicomesal process by a shallow notch, and an internal branch with a distal projection (Fig. 63D). Pseudonannolene centralis differs from P. typica by an inconspicuous shoulder on the gonocoxa (Fig. 63C); a torsion of the internal branch short and starting apically (Fig. 63D); the head partially covered by scattered setae. Etymology Although unspecified in the original description, the species name probably refers to the central region in Paraguay where the species was found. Material examined Syntypes PARAGUAY • 1 ♂; Paraguarí; [-25.621436, -57.149997]; 12 Oct. 1900; A. Borelli leg.; USNM 2033 • 1 ♀ [examined by photographs]; same collection data as for preceding; ZMB 2884. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 62–66 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length ca 70 mm; maximum midbody diameter 5 mm. COLOR. Body color greyish; collum darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial brown band and a posterior lighter brown band; antennae and legs lighter brown. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 62A), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14≈5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 30 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 6 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 62A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 176D). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base strongly arched and constricted medially, densely setose mainly on distal region (Fig. 63A); prefemoral process (prf) half as wide as prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose up to its median region; remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 63B); prefemur dorsoventrally compressed; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; flattened antero-posteriorly (Fig. 63C); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) inconspicuous. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 63D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) rounded; ectal process (ep) subtriangular, separated from amp by notch; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow, surrounding base of tp as a shield; with torsion of 180° in the distal portion and a short, rounded projection, directed ectad; ib with setae along its entire margin exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 63C–D). VULVAE. Not examined. Distribution Known only from the type locality Paraguarí, Paraguay (Fig. 182). Comments The species was not mentioned in the list of species described by Silvestri (see Viggiani 1973)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 33-34, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Silvestri F. 1902. Viaggio del Dr. A. Borelli nel Matto Grosso. VII. Diplopodi. Bollettino del musei di zoologia e di anatomia comparata della Reale Universita di Torino 17 (432): 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26628","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Viggiani V. 1973. Le specie descritte da Filippo Silvestri (1873 - 1949). Bollettino del Laboratorio di entomologia agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \" 30: 351 - 417."]}

Pseudonannolene ambuatinga Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013 Figs 46–47, 165A, 167B, 177C, 180; Supp. file 4: Figs 215A, 220D, 222B Pseudonannolene ambuatinga Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013b: 358, figs 1–6. Pseudonannolene saguassu Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013b: 363, figs 7–10. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene canastra Gallo & Bichuette, 2020: 37, figs 3–6. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene ambuatinga – Iniesta & Ferreira 2014: 363. — Karam-Gemael et al. 2018: figs 2–3. — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 42; 2020: 34. Pseudonannolene saguassu – Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 48. Justification of synonymy Having studied the original descriptions, closely examined the type species of P. ambuatinga and P. saguassu and topotypes from caves in the Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis speleological unit, the species P. saguassu and P. canastra are here treated as junior synonyms of P. ambuatinga, according to the similarities in gonopod structure (telopodite and internal branch) and first leg-pair of males. Regarding the species P. canastra, the males described correspond to immatures due to the prefemoral process of first leg-pair being still incipient, short and with few and scattered setae (Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 37, fig. 3d–e), and the gonopod not fully developed, mainly the internal branch and gonocoxa (Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 37, fig. 6a–d) (see previous sections for more details on gonopod morphology and ontogeny in Pseudonannolene). Diagnosis Resembling P. lundi and P. spelaea by having head, trunk, and legs depigmented (Fig. 46). Males of P. ambuatinga differ from P. lundi by having a subtriangular solenomere (Fig. 47D) instead of a square-shaped square-shaped solenomere, and from P. spelaea by having seminal apophysis evident and by the number of ommatidia (ca 25) (Fig. 46A). Etymology A combination of words of the Brazilian Indian language Tupi-Guarani, ‘ ambus ’ = ‘millipede’, and ‘ tinga ’ = ‘white’, referring to the body depigmentation of the species (Iniesta & Ferreira 2013b). Material examined Holotypes BRAZIL • ♂, holotype of P. ambuatinga; Minas Gerais, Pains, cave Loca d’Água de Baixo; [-20.369647, -45.692915]; 28 Jan. 2009; R.L. Ferreira et al. leg.; ISLA 2267. BRAZIL • ♂, holotype of P. saguassu; Minas Gerais, Pains, cave Éden; [-20.384577, -45.666798]; 15 Mar. 2012; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA. Paratypes (total: 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀) BRAZIL • 1 ♂, paratype of P. ambuatinga; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 2272 • 1 ♀, paratype of P. ambuatinga; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 2268 • 1 ♀, paratype of P. ambuatinga; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 2269 • 1 ♀, paratype of P. ambuatinga; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 2270 • 1 ♀, paratype of P. ambuatinga; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 2271 • 1 ♂, paratype of P. saguassu; Minas Gerais, Pains, cave Éden; [-20.384577, -45.666798]; 15 Mar. 2012; R.L. Ferreira, P. Ratton and M. Souza-Silva leg.; ISLA 2273 • 1 ♂, paratype of P. saguassu; same collection data as for preceding; ISLA 2275 • 1 ♀, paratype of P. saguassu; same collection data as for preceding; ISLA 2274. Other material (total: 1 ♂, 1 ♀) BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • 1 ♂; Arcos,, cave Alinhamento; [-20.289079, -45.540084]; 766 m a.s.l.; 1 Jun. 2002; R.L. Ferreira et al. leg.; IBSP3442 • 1 ♀; Iguatama, cave Arcaica; [-20.286839, -45.793289]; 700 m a.s.l.; 25 Jan. 2008; E.O. Machado and J.P.P. Barbosa leg.; IBSP 3315. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 58–60 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 35–42.5 mm; maximum midbody diameter 1.8–1.9 mm. Females: body length 36–41 mm; maximum midbody diameter 2–3.1 mm. COLOR. Living specimens depigmented. Color when stored in 70% ethanol: uniform pale brownish whitish, slightly darker posteriorly on prozonites; head, collum, antennae, and legs light brown. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 46A), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14>5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin swollen. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 23 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes broadly rounded, with ca 10 striae (Fig. 46A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 167B). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) elongated (as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base slightly arched, densely setose (Fig. 47A); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along in its entire extension (Fig. 47B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and subrectangular; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 47C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose, with long setae mesally. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, but less than twice the length of the telopodite, with the base slightly arched; slightly flattened antero-posteriorly (Fig. 47D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) inconspicuous. Telopodite (tp) less than half as wide as gcx (Fig. 47D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular; ectal process absent; sa located at medial portion, visible apically. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped and rounded apically, with horizontal plate; setae restricted to the apical region of ib exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 47D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 177C); internal valve subtriangular; operculum narrow, not curved medially; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution A troglomorphic species known only from caves in the Karst region of Pains and surrounding municipalities (Arcos-Pains-Doresópolis speleological unit), state of Minas Gerais, Brazil (Fig. 180). This karst, which comprises the highest density of caves known for South America, harbors many other undescribed and described cave-dwelling species (Álvares & Ferreira 2002; Parizotto et al. 2017; Gallão & Bichuette 2018; Pellegrini et al. 2020). Comments Although the examination of the type material of the junior synonym P. canastra deposited at the Laboratório de Estudos Subterrâneos (LES/UFSCar) was not possible during this study, the original description and figures provided by Gallo & Bichuette (2020) are highly detailed., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 b. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae): synotopy of a troglophilic and a troglobiotic species. Zootaxa 3702 (4): 357 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3702.4.3","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2014. New species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in South America (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3846 (3): 361 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.3.3","Karam-Gemael M., Izzo T. J. & Chagas-Jr A. 2018. Why be red listed? Threatened Myriapoda species in Brazil with implications for their conservation. ZooKeys 741: 255 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 741.21971","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225","Alvares E. S. S. & Ferreira R. L. 2002. Coarazuphium pains, a new species of troglobitic beetle from Brazil (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Zuphiini). Lundiana 3 (1): 41 - 43.","Parizotto D. R., Pires A. C., Mise K. M., Ferreira R. L. & Sessegolo G. C. 2017. Troglobitic invertebrates: Improving the knowledge on the Brazilian subterranean biodiversity through an interactive multi-entry key. Zootaxa 4365 (4): 401 - 409. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4365.4.1","Gallao J. E. & Bichuette M. E. 2018. Brazilian obligatory subterranean fauna and threats to the hypogean environment. ZooKeys 746: 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 746.15140","Pellegrini T. G., Ferreira R. L., Zampaulo R. A. & Vieira L. 2020. Coarazuphium lundi (Carabidae: Zuphiini), a new Brazilian troglobitic beetle, with the designation of a neotype for C. pains Alvares & Ferreira, 2002. Zootaxa 4878 (2): 287 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4878.2.4"]}

Pseudonannolene microzoporus Mauriès, 1987 Figs 19E–F, 29A, 30B, 33–34, 35A–B, 36C–D, 39A–B, D, 95– 97, 163O, 166B, 170E, 178D, 185; Supp. file 4: Figs 194D, 210B, 211C Pseudonannolene microzoporus Mauriès, 1987: 180, figs 23–25. Pseudonannolene chaimowiczi Fontanetti, 1996: 428, figs 5–7. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene gogo Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013c: 75, figs 1a–c. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene longissima Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014: 313, figs 13–14. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene taboa Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014: 363, fig. 2. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene rosineii Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014: 370, fig. 7. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene microzoporus – Jeekel 2004: 89. — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013a: 92. — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 47; 2020: 37. Pseudonannolene chaimowiczi – Iniesta & Ferreira 2013a: 92; 2013b: 366; 2013c: 79. — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 43; 2020: 36. Pseudonannolene gogo – Karam-Gemael et al. 2018: figs 2–3. — Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 47. Pseudonannolene longissima – Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 47. Pseudonannolene taboa – Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 48; 2020: 43. Pseudonannolene rosineii – Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 48. Justification of synonymy The ontogeny of the gonopods of Pseudonannolene is gradual, with morphological changes not abrupt during the development (see gonopod ontogeny in Pseudonannolene in the previous sections). Pseudonannolene microzoporus was described based on a male immature, considering the number of ommatidia (Fig. 97A), apodous body rings (Fig. 97B), and first leg-pair not fully developed (Mauriès 1987: figs 23–25). The remaining species are described based on adult males, although with a slight difference in the form of the internal branch and solenomere. Through the examination of the type material of all these nominal species and extensive samplings from localities where the species have been recorded, we conclude that they are junior subjective synonyms of P. microzoporus, and their morphological differences just intraspecific variations since the populations are widely distributed across a huge Karst area (Fig. 185). Diagnosis Males of P. microzoporus resemble those of P. imbirensis and P. leopoldoi by having a solenomere with an ectal process deeply notched separating it from the apicomesal process (Figs 35A–B, 96D, 211C); but differing of P. imbirensis by the having body color brownish grey, head, collum, and antennae darker (Fig. 95A), and differing of P. leopoldoi by having the internal branch curved ectad at midlength (Fig. 96D–F). Etymology Referring to the small size of the ozopores of the types (Mauriès 1987). Material examined Holotypes BRAZIL • ♂ [immature], holotype of P. microzoporus; Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa, Lapa Vermelha cave; [-19.609759, -44.003778]; Reinhardt leg.; NHMD 00101549. BRAZIL • ♂, holotype of P. chaimowiczi; Minas Gerais, Lagoa Santa, Helictites cave; [-19.628840, -43.901935]; May 1987; F. Chaimowicz leg.; MZSP 939. BRAZIL • ♂, holotype of P. gogo; Minas Gerais, Mariana; [-20.365015, -43.414773]; 13 May 2011; T. Pellegrini leg.; ISLA 4000. BRAZIL • ♂, holotype of P. longissima; Minas Gerais, Sete Lagoas, Rei do Mato cave; [-19.495677, -44.282477]; Jan. 2001; R.L. Ferreira leg.; ISLA 4110. BRAZIL • ♂, holotype of P. taboa; Minas Gerais, Sete Lagoas, Taboa cave; [-19.495666, -44.282498]; 15 Mar. 2005; R.L. Ferreira leg.; ISLA 4129. BRAZIL • ♂, holotype of P. rosineii; Minas Gerais, Pains, Paranoá cave; [-20.369647, -45.669438]; 27 Jan. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA 4094. Paratypes (total: 5 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, 2 immatures) BRAZIL • 1 ♀, 1 ♂ immature, 1 ♀ immature, paratypes of P. microzoporus; same collection data as for holotype; NHMD. BRAZIL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, paratypes of P. chaimowiczi; same collection data as for holotype; Mar. 1986; MZSP. BRAZIL • 1 ♂, paratype of P. gogo; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 4001 • 1 ♀, paratype of P. gogo; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 4002 • 1 ♀, paratype of P. gogo; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 4003. BRAZIL • 1 ♂, paratype of P. taboa; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 4130 • 1 ♂, paratype of P. taboa; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 4131 • 1 ♀, paratype of P. taboa; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 4132 • 1 ♀, paratype of P. taboa; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 4133 • 1 ♀, paratype of P. taboa; same collection data as for holotype; ISLA 4134. BRAZIL • 1 ♂, paratype of P. rosineii; Minas Gerais, Pains, Ninfeta III cave; [-20.369647, -45.669438]; 25 Jan. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA 4095 • 1 ♀, paratype of P. rosineii; same collection data as for preceding; ISLA 4121. Other material (total: 117 ♂♂, 85 ♀♀, 12 immatures) BRAZIL – Bahia • 4 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, 4 immatures; Santana, Gruta do Padre cave;[-12.980311, -44.051343]; 543 m a.s.l.; 11 Jul. 2014; R.L. Ferreira, Souza-Silva and T.G. Pellegrini leg.; ISLA 20624 • 3 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; L.S. Silva leg.; IBSP 7637 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7636 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7638. – Minas Gerais • 1 ♀; Mocambeiro, MOC 01 cave; [-19.535426, -44.026975]; 4–15 Apr. 2011; F.P. Franco et al. leg.; IBSP 5717 • 1 ♀; IBSP 5718; same collection data as for preceding • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 03 cave; IBSP 5742 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 04 cave; IBSP 5743 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 100 cave; IBSP 5752 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 101 cave; IBSP 5698 • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5716 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 105 cave; IBSP 5695 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5700 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5701 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5702 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5703 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 113 cave; IBSP 5715 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5738 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 117 cave; IBSP 5637 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 118 cave; IBSP 5706 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 120 cave; IBSP 5741 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 124 cave; IBSP 5640 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 126 cave; IBSP 5739 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 13 cave; IBSP 5730 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5731 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 131 cave; IBSP 5719 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5720 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 132 cave; IBSP 5735 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 134 cave; IBSP 5725 • 1 ♀; IBSP 5726 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 135 cave; IBSP 5707 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5708 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5709 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 137 cave; IBSP 5714 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 20 cave; IBSP 5745 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 38 cave; IBSP 5727 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5728 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 45 cave; IBSP 5747 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 47 cave; IBSP 5723 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5724 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 47 cave; IBSP 5723 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5724 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 50 cave; IBSP 5696 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5699 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5703 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5704 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 53 cave; IBSP 5705 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5744 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 61 cave; IBSP 5694 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5721 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5722 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 63 cave; IBSP 5749 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 05 cave; 8–18 Feb. 2011; IBSP 5677 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5678 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 10 cave; IBSP 5679 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 113 cave; IBSP 5691 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 14 cave; IBSP 5682 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5683 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 15 cave; IBSP 5661 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5662 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 16 cave; IBSP 5685 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5686 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5687 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 17 cave; IBSP 5653 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 18 cave; IBSP 5655 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5656 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 19 cave; IBSP 5659 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 22 cave; IBSP 5692 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 24 cave; IBSP 5680 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5681 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 25 cave; IBSP 5684 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 29 cave; IBSP 5674 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 30 cave; IBSP 5648 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5650 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 32 cave; IBSP 5648 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 67 cave; IBSP 5675 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5676 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 68 cave; IBSP 5690 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 70 cave; IBSP 5665 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5666 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5667 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5668 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5670 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5671 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5672 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 84 cave; IBSP 5689 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 94 cave; IBSP 5688 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 96 cave; IBSP 5693 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 28 cave; 8–23 Nov. 2011; IBSP 5627 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5628 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 05 cave; IBSP 5625 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5626 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 70 cave; 28 Jun.–1 Jul. 2011; IBSP 5669 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 16 cave; IBSP 5644 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 28 cave; IBSP 5663 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5664 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 29 cave; IBSP 5673 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 30 cave; IBSP 5645 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 32 cave; IBSP 5646 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5647 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 17 cave; IBSP 5651 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5652 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5654 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 19 cave; IBSP 5657 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 5658 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 117 cave; 1–8 Mar. 2011; IBSP 5634 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 124 cave; IBSP 5630 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 13 cave; IBSP 5632 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 45 cave; IBSP 5635 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 50 cave; IBSP 5631 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 53 cave; IBSP 5637 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 61 cave; IBSP 5633 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding except for MOC 63 cave; IBSP 5636 • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 ♀ immature; Lagoa Santa, Grilão cave; [-19.535426, -44.026975]; 774 m a.s.l.; 7 Oct. 2012; T.G. Pellegrini leg.; ISLA 20619 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 ♀ immature; Lagoa Santa, Helictites cave; [-19.560285, -43.960153]; 745 m a.s.l.; 11 Oct. 2011; R. Ferreira leg.; ISLA 20611 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Lagoa Santa, Túneis cave; [-19.560699, -43.960511]; 744 m a.s.l.; 10 Oct. 2011; R. Ferreira leg.; ISLA 20621 • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; Mar. 2000; É.S.S. Álvares leg.; IBSP 1368 • 1 ♀ immature; Matozinhos, Piriás cave; [-19.523028, -44.039009]; 692 m a.s.l.; 28 Jul. 2000; IBSP 3430 • 1 ♂ immature; same locality data as for preceding; 27 Jan. 2000; IBSP 3435 • 1 ♂; Sete Lagoas, Taboa cave; [-19.474917, -44.328137]; 761 m a.s.l.; 15 Jan. 2000; R.L. Ferreira et al. leg.; IBSP 2913 • 1 ♂; 1 ♂; same locality data as for preceding; 19 Jan. 2001; IBSP 3431 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 3432 • 1 ♀ immature; Sete Lagoas, Mata Grande III cave; [-19.457380, -44.241670]; 778 m a.s.l.; 16 Nov. 2016; F. Bondezan leg.; IBSP 5426 • 1 ♂; Prudente de Morais; [-19.474888, -44.159215], 759 m a.s.l.; 23 Jan. 2003; IBSP 3427 • 1 ♂; Jaboticatubas, PARNA Serra do Cipó; [-19.349275, -43.619430]; 805 m a.s.l.; 7–14 Sep. 2003; Equipe Biota leg.; IBSP 1742 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1734 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1752 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1755 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1746 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♂ immature, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1723 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1751 • 1 ♂; Cordisburgo, Morena cave; [-19.169167, -44.331667]; 846 m a.s.l.; 12 Oct. 2007; Equipe Disciplina leg.; IBSP 3554 • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; 12 Oct. 2017; D. Polotow leg.; IBSP 3547 • 1 ♀; same locality data as for preceding; Oct. 2007; Equipe Disciplina leg.; IBSP 3544 • 5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Pains, 13 Mineração Supercal I cave; [-20.373525, -45.661813]; 692 m a.s.l.; Apr. 2008; E.O. Machado and J.P.P.P. Barbosa leg.; IBSP 3497 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding except for 10 Mineração Supercal I cave; IBSP 3496 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding except for 15.16 Mineração Supercal III cave; IBSP 3500 • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding except for 11 Mineração Supercal I cave; IBSP 3502 • 1 ♂; Pains, Ninfeta III cave; [-20.338284, -45.615531]; 724 m a.s.l.; 25 Jan. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂; Paranoá cave; [-20.365455, -45.669428]; 686 m a.s.l.; 27 Jan. 2009; R. Zampaulo leg.; ISLA • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Mariana; [-20.365880, -43.415007]; 698 m a.s.l; 13 May 2011; T.G. Pellegrini leg.; ISLA. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 60–64 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 95.8–100.7 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.8–5.8 mm. Females: body length 93–137.5 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4.4–6.1 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head, collum, and antennae darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a posterior band lighter; legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 163O), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14≈5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 26 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 9 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 95A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae up to ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 170E). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched and expanded, densely setose (Figs 30B, 96A); prefemoral process (prf) about as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose up to its median region (, Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 59-63, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Mauries J-P. 1987. Cambalides nouveaux et peu connus d'Asie, d'Amerique et d'Oceanie. II. Pseudonannolenidae, Choctellidae (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 4 e serie, Section A, Zoologie 9 (1): 169 - 199.","Fontanetti C. S. 1996. Description of three cave diplopods of Pseudonannolene Silvestri (Diplopoda, Pseudonannolenida, Pseudonannolenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 13 (2): 427 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751996000200013","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 c. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3716 (1): 75 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.1.6","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2014. New species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in South America (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3846 (3): 361 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.3.3","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 a. The first troglobitic Pseudonannolene from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3669 (1): 85 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3669.1.9","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 b. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae): synotopy of a troglophilic and a troglobiotic species. Zootaxa 3702 (4): 357 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3702.4.3","Karam-Gemael M., Izzo T. J. & Chagas-Jr A. 2018. Why be red listed? Threatened Myriapoda species in Brazil with implications for their conservation. ZooKeys 741: 255 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 741.21971"]}

Pseudonannolene occidentalis Schubart, 1958 Figs 19B, 98–100, 164D, 171A, 178E, 185; Supp. file 4: Figs 194B, 199D, 208C, 212A, 216E, 222E Pseudonannolene occidentalis Schubart, 1958: 214, figs 12–13. Pseudoannolene [sic!] occidentalis – Krabbe 1982: 71. Pseudonannolene occidentalis – Jeekel 2004: 89. — Golovatch et al. 2005: 279. Diagnosis Males of P. occidentalis differ from all congeners by having the frontal region of the head densely setose, overlapping the supralabral and labral setae (Fig. 19B); mandibular cardo finely granular, with swollen ventral margin (Figs 171A, 199D); solenomere with seminal apophysis located ectally (Fig. 99D). Etymology Adjective referring to the geographical distribution of the species in western Brazil (Schubart 1958). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [gonopods, first and second leg-pair on microscope slides]; Mato Grosso do Sul, Salobra; [-20.187516, -56.547016]; 112 m a.s.l.; 22 Jan. 1955; L. Travassos leg.; MZSP. Paratypes (total: 2 ♀♀) BRAZIL • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP. Other material (total: 9 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 4 immatures) BRAZIL – Mato Grosso • 2 ♂♂; Chapada dos Guimarães, close to Aldeia Velha; [-15.464565, -55.760228]; 823 m a.s.l.; 6 Mar. 2014; A. Chagas-Jr and M. Karam-Gemael leg.; CZUFMT 808 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 4 immatures; Chapada Aventura; [-15.464283, -55.759722]; 820 m a.s.l.; 7 Nov. 2015; A. Chagas-Jr et al. leg.; CZUFMT 818 • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; same locality data as for preceding; 28 Aug. 2014; A. Chagas-Jr leg.; CZUFMT 823. – Mato Grosso do Sul • 1 ♂; Salobra; [-20.189192, -56.547513]; 112 m a.s.l.; 19 Jan. 1941; F. Lane leg.; MZSP. – São Paulo • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Jundiaí, Serra do Japi; [-23.226630, -46.924751]; 871 m a.s.l.; 6–10 Aug. 2001; Equipe Biota leg.; IBSP 1998 • 1 ♀; Jundiaí, Reserva Natural Municipal da Serra do Japi; [-23.236337, -46.943607]; 1069 m a.s.l.; Mar. 2007; A.D. Brescovit leg.; IBSP 3100. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 70–73 body rings (2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 70–80 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4.4–5 mm. Females: body length 70 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4.8 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish yellow; head, collum, and antennae darker; prozonites and metazonites anteriorly darker, with a posterior band reddish; legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 164D), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 1≈2≈3>4=5=6>7. Frontal setae overlapping supralabral and labral ones (Fig. 19B). Mandibular cardo with ventral margin swollen (Figs 171A, 199D). Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 25 ommatidia in 4 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 7 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 98A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae up to ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 171A). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) elongated (as long as the sum of remaining podomere lengths), subrectangular, with the base arched, densely setose (Figs 99A, 100B); prefemoral process (prf) elongated and as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along the entire ventral region (Fig. 99B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and subrectangular; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Figs 99C, 100E–F, 208C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) subtriangular, basally expanded and progressively less wide, with the base slightly arched; antero-posteriorly strongly flattened, longitudinal thickened ridge with rows of papillae mesally (Figs 99D–F, 100C–D). Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder absent. Telopodite (tp) arising from gcx by short, compressed trunk (Figs 99D, 100D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) short; ectal process (ep) short, subtriangular, separating from amp by shallow notch; sa located at ectal portion, elongated and thickened apically. Internal branch (ib) shovel-shaped and rounded apically, with horizontal plate; setae restricted to the apical region of ib exceeding seminal region of sl (Figs 99D–F, 100C–D). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 178E); internal valve subtriangular; operculum large, slightly expanded apically; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution Known from the west region of São Paulo up to the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Mato Grosso, Brazil (Fig. 185); the distribution range of P. occidentalis partially covers the biomes Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Pantanal., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Schubart O. 1958. Sobre alguns Diplopoda de Mato Grosso e Goias, Brasil e a familia Spirostreptidae. Arquivos do Museu Nacional 46: 203 - 252.","Krabbe E. 1982. Systematik der Spirostreptidae (Diplopoda, Spirostreptomorpha). Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg 24: 1 - 476.","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Golovatch S. I., Hoffman R. L., Adis J., Marques A. D., Raizer J., Silva F. H. O., Ribeiro R. A. K., Silva J. L. & Pinheiro T. G. 2005. Millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Brazilian Pantanal. Amazoniana 18 (3 / 4): 273 - 288."]}

Pseudonannolene aurea sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0458352D-56B7-4A58-A71A-7E502759CA27 Figs 147–148, 175D, 179M, 190 Diagnosis Males of P. aurea sp. nov. slightly resemble those of P. paulista by having a solenomere with a spiniform ectal process deeply notched separating from apicomesal process (Fig. 148D), but differing by an internal branch subtriangular with distal projection (Fig. 148D–F). Etymology The species epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ aurum ’ = ‘golden’; in reference to the type locality Dianópolis, which is historically known for the gold mining activities in the region. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Tocantins, Dianópolis, Mojadores cave; [-11.624226, -46.820593]; 672 m a.s.l.; 4–9 Dec. 2017; F. Pellegatti leg.; IBSP 5858. Paratypes (total: 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀) BRAZIL – Tocantins • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Dianópolis, Areia cave; [-11.624226, -46.820593]; 670 m a.s.l.; 21–29 May 2008; F. Pellegatti leg.; IBSP 5854 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; 4–12 Mar. 2008; IBSP 5856. Referred non-type material (total: 3 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; 16 immatures) BRAZIL – Tocantins • 2 ♀♀, 4 immatures; Dianópolis, Vozinha cave; [-11.624226, -46.820593]; 672 m a.s.l.; 21–29 May 2008; F. Pellegatti leg.; IBSP 5859 • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 7 immatures; Onça cave; 4–12 Mar. 2008; F. Pellegatti leg.; IBSP 5840 • 5 immatures; same locality data as for preceding; 4–9 Dec. 2007; F. Pellegatti leg.; IBSP 5843 • 1 ♀; Coluna cave; 21–29 May 2008; F. Pellegatti leg.; IBSP 5836 • 2 ♀♀; Vertebra cave; 21–29 May 2009; F. Pellegatti leg.; IBSP 5837. Description MEASUREMENTS. 58–63 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 63.1 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.6–3.8 mm. Females: body length 61.4–67.8 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.7–4.1 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish red; head, antennae, collum, and legs brownish; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial band brown and a posterior lighter. HEAD. Antennae short, just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14≈5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 35 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 10 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 147A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae slightly above ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 175D). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched and strongly expanded, densely setose (Fig. 148A); prefemoral process (prf) as long as prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 148B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 148C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 148D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) subtriangular. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx, with deep depression separating from sh (Fig. 148D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular; ectal process (ep) spiniform, elongated, separating from amp by deep notch; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow, surrounding basally tp as a shield; with torsion of 180° in the distal portion and projection directed diagonally upwards; ib with setae along its entire margin exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 148D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 179M); internal valve subtriangular, slightly rounded mesally; operculum narrow, curved ectad; external valve subtriangular. Distribution Known only from caves and surrounding forests in Dianópolis, Tocantins State, Brazil (Fig. 190).

Identification key to species of Pseudonannolene 1. Head, trunk, and legs pigmented (non-troglomorphic species) (Fig. 17)......................................... 4 – Head, trunk, and legs depigmented (troglomorphic species) (Fig. 18E).......................................... 2 2. Solenomere not rounded, without a squamous membrane covering seminal apophysis (Figs 47D, 86D).................................................................................................................................................. 3 – Solenomere rounded, with a squamous membrane covering seminal apophysis (Fig. 128D–F)............................................................................................................. P. spelaea Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013 3. Solenomere square-shaped (Fig. 86D)........................................... P. lundi Iniesta & Ferreira, 2015 – Solenomere subtriangular (Fig. 47D).................................. P. ambuatinga Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013 4. Telopodite straight, not curved mesally (Figs 35, 36A, C)............................................................... 8 – Telopodite strongly curved mesally (Figs 67D, 94D, 150D, 152D)................................................. 5 5. First leg-pair of males with subcylindrical prefemoral process (Figs 94B, 150B, 152B)................ 6 – First leg-pair of males with large and hexagonal-shaped prefemoral process (Fig. 67B).......................................................................................................................... P. erikae Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 6. Trunk of telopodite not laterad projected (Figs 150D, 152D).......................................................... 7 – Trunk of telopodite larger and laterad projected (Fig. 94D)....................... P. mesai Fontanetti, 2000 7. Gnathochilarium with paired projections in the proximal region of the mentum (Figs 174B, 197E in Supp. file 4)...................................................................................................... P. bucculenta sp. nov. – Gnathochilarium without paired projections in the mentum (Fig. 175C)............. P. curvata sp. nov. 8. Solenomere without ectal process (Fig. 35C, E) or with ectal process, but not directed horizontally (Fig. 35A)....................................................................................................................................... 13 – Solenomere with ectal process directed horizontally (Figs 49D–F, 52E, 61, 75D–F, 144D–F)....... 9 9. First leg-pair of males with prefemoral process (Figs 52A–B, 75A–B, 144A–B)......................... 10 – First leg-pair of males without prefemoral process (Fig. 49A–B)... P. anapophysis Fontanetti, 1996 10. Internal branch subtriangular or shovel-shaped, not curved apically (Figs 52E, 61, 144D–F).......11 – Internal branch S-shaped, swollen, and curved apically (Fig. 75D–F)..... P. inops Brölemann, 1929 11. Telopodite as wide as half of gonocoxa in width (Figs 52E, 61).................................................... 12 – Telopodite larger than half of gonocoxa in width (Fig. 144D–F).............................................................................................................................................................. P. xavieri Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 12. Telopodite not swollen basally (Fig. 52E)...................................................... P. bovei Silvestri, 1895 – Telopodite swollen basally (Fig. 61).................................................... P. caulleryi Brölemann, 1929 13. Telopodite short, less than half of gonocoxa.................................................................................. 16 – Telopodite elongated, longer than half of gonocoxa (Figs 45D–F, 116C–D, 119B–D)................. 14 14. Internal branch short and enfolding the telopodite basally (Figs 45D, 116C–D)........................... 15 – Internal branch elongated and positioned parallel to the telopodite (Fig. 119D)............................................................................................................................................... P. scalaris Brölemann, 1902 15. Solenomere short and projected laterally (Fig. 116C–D)............................ P. rocana Silvestri, 1902 – Solenomere subtriangular, not projected laterally (Fig. 45D–F)............ P. alegrensis Silvestri, 1897 16. Penis rounded, not extended basally (Figs 47C, 49C, 55C)........................................................... 22 – Penis suboval, extended basally (Figs 31C, 42C, 71C, 90C, 107D, 122C, 156C)......................... 17 17. Internal branch subtriangular, narrow (Figs 42D, 71D, 108C, 122C)............................................ 19 – Internal branch shovel-shaped, rounded apically (Fig. 90D, 156D)............................................... 18 18. Solenomere with squamous region not expanded laterally, seminal apophysis thickened apically (Fig. 90D)............................................................................................... P. maritima Schubart, 1949 – Solenomere with squamous region expanded laterally, folded apically, seminal apophysis not thickened apically (Fig. 156D)............................................................................ P. insularis sp. nov. 19. Solenomere without ectal process (Figs 71D, 108D, 122D).......................................................... 20 – Solenomere with rounded ectal process (Fig. 42D).............................. P. albiventris Schubart, 1952 20. Gonocoxa elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite (Figs 71E–F, 122E–F)........................... 21 – Gonocoxa short, subtriangular (Fig. 108D)...................................... P. patagonica Brölemann, 1902 21. Solenomere rounded (Fig. 122D).................................................... P. sebastianus Brölemann, 1902 – Solenomere subtriangular, not rounded apically (Fig. 71D)................... P. halophila Schubart, 1949 22. Head only with supralabral and labral setae (Supp. file 4: Fig. 194A)........................................... 24 – Frontal region of the head densely setose, overlapping the supralabral and labral setae (Supp. file 4: Fig. 194B)....................................................................................................................................... 23 23. Solenomere with seminal apophysis located mesally (Fig. 63D)............. P. centralis Silvestri, 1902 – Solenomere with seminal apophysis located ectally (Fig. 99D)......... P. occidentalis Schubart, 1958 24. Gnathochilarium of males without long setae scattered on the mentum and stipes (Supp. file 4: Fig. 199A–B).................................................................................................................................. 26 – Gnathochilarium of males with long setae scattered on the mentum and stipes (Supp. file 4: Fig. 197F)....................................................................................................................................... 25 25. Coxae of the first leg-pair of males with a constriction at about midlength (Fig. 158A–B)............................................................................................................................................. P. morettii sp. nov. – Coxae of the first leg-pair of males without a constriction (Fig. 104A–B)............................................................................................................................................................. P. parvula Silvestri, 1902 26. Body rings with metazonites smooth, not granulated (Fig. 26A)................................................... 28 – Body rings with metazonites granulated (Fig. 26B)....................................................................... 27 27. Gnathochilarium of males without proximal projections bearing setae on the stipes (Fig. 167D)................................................................................................................. P. buhrnheimi Schubart, 1960 – Gnathochilarium of males with proximal projections bearing setae on the stipes (Supp. file 4: Figs 175A, 198B)............................................................................................... P. granulata sp. nov. 28. Solenomere without medial process (Fig. 36A–C)......................................................................... 29 – Solenomere with medial process (Fig. 160D–F)................................................... P. nicolau sp. nov. 29. Telopodite without a large projection (Fig. 36A–C)....................................................................... 30 – Telopodite with a large and rounded projection (Fig. 146D)..................................... P. alata sp. nov. 30. Adults with more than 15 ommatidia (Fig.19D)............................................................................ 31 – Adults with less than 15 ommatidia (Fig. 81A)................................... P. leucomelas Schubart, 1947 31. Gonocoxae not largely subcylindrical, without a large shoulder (Fig. 36A).................................. 33 – Gonocoxae largely subcylindrical, with a large shoulder (Figs 84E–F, 135E–F).......................... 32 32. Internal branch shovel-shaped, slightly curved ectad at midlength in anal view (Fig. 135D)............................................................................................................................ P. tricolor Brölemann, 1902 – Internal branch subtriangular, not excavated at midlength in anal view (Fig. 84D–E)....................................................................................................................................... P. longicornis (Porat, 1888) 33. Gnathochilarium of males without glabrous projections on the stipes (Fig. 19E)......................... 34 – Gnathochilarium of males with glabrous projections located proximally on the stipes (Fig. 168D)............................................................................................................... P. callipyge Brölemann, 1902 34. Internal branch without torsion of 180° in anal view..................................................................... 36 – Internal branch with torsion of 180° in anal view.......................................................................... 35 35. Torsion of the internal branch starting only apically, with distal projection directed horizontally (Fig. 69D)............................................................................ P. fontanettiae Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 – Torsion of the internal branch starting at midlength, enlarged apically, with distal projection directed diagonally upwards (Fig. 114D).................................................. P. robsoni Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 36. Solenomere with ectal process (Fig. 35A)...................................................................................... 40 – Solenomere without ectal process (Fig. 35C, E)............................................................................ 37 37. Telopodite and internal branch elongated (Figs 79D, 88D, 112D)................................................. 38 – Telopodite and internal branch short, less than ⅓ of gonocoxa in length) (Fig. 141D–F)....................................................................................................................................... P. urbica Schubart, 1945 38. Coxae of the first leg-pair of males with constriction at about midlength (Figs 79A, 112A)........ 39 – Coxae of the first leg-pair of males without constriction at about midlength (Fig. 88A)................................................................................................................. P. magna Udulutsch & Pietrobon, 2003 39. First leg-pair of males with prefemoral process wide, about half the width of prefemur (Fig. 79B).......................................................................................................... P. leucocephalus Schubart, 1944 – First leg-pair of males with prefemoral process short, less than half of prefemur (Fig. 112B)................................................................................................................................ P. pusilla Silvestri, 1895 40. Solenomere with ectal process subtriangular (Figs 35A, 36A–C)................................................. 42 – Solenomere with ectal process spiniform (Figs 110D, 148D)........................................................ 41 41. Internal branch shovel-shaped, with horizontal plate (Fig. 110D–F).... P. paulista Brölemann, 1902 – Internal branch subtriangular, without horizontal plate (Fig. 148D–F).................... P. aurea sp. nov. 42. Internal branch subtriangular (Fig. 35A)........................................................................................ 47 – Internal branch shovel-shaped (Figs 50E, 102D, 130D, 131C, 133D)........................................... 43 43. Solenomere with ectal process rounded (Figs 102D, 133D) or inconspicuous (Fig. 131C).......... 45 – Solenomere with ectal process subtriangular (Figs 50E, 130D)..................................................... 44 44. Gonocoxae subrectangular (Fig. 50E).......................................................... P. borelli Silvestri, 1895 – Gonocoxae subtriangular, basally expanded and progressively less wide (Fig. 130D–F)...................................................................................................................................... P. strinatii Mauriès, 1974 45. Internal branch with a horizontal plate basally (Figs 102D, 133D)............................................... 46 – Internal branch without a horizontal plate basally (Fig. 131D)............... P. sulcatula Silvestri, 1895 46. Solenomere with seminal apophysis long, thickened apically (Fig. 102D, F).................................................................................................................................................... P. ophiiulus Schubart, 1944 – Solenomere with seminal apophysis short, not thickened apically (Fig. 133D, F).......................................................................................................................................... P. tocaiensis Fontanetti, 1996 47. Solenomere with ectal process short or as long as apicomesal process (Figs 35A, 36A–C)......... 48 – Solenomere with ectal process exceeding in length the rounded apicomesal process (Fig. 118D)..................................................................................................... P. rolamossa Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013 48. Solenomere with apicomesal and ectal processes visible apically (Figs 35A, 36A–C)................. 49 – Solenomere with apicomesal and ectal processes short, almost not visible apically (Fig. 126D)....................................................................................................................... P. silvestris Schubart, 1944 49. Internal branch without a rounded projection directed ectad (Figs 77F, 92D, 96F, 124F)............. 53 – Internal branch with a rounded projection directed ectad (Figs 57F, 65F, 73F, 137D–F).............. 50 50. Body color brownish grey (Figs 56, 64, 136)................................................................................. 51 – Body with head and trunk light ocher color (Fig. 72)........................ P. imbirensis Fontanetti, 1996 51. Penis rounded, subelliptical (Figs 57C, 137C)............................................................................... 52 – Penis circle-shaped (Fig. 65C).................................................................. P. curtipes Schubart, 1960 52. Internal branch with a short torsion apically (Fig. 137D)............................ P. typica Silvestri, 1895 – Internal branch without a torsion apically (Fig. 57D)............... P. caatinga Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 53. Internal branch narrow, but not foliaceus (Figs 77F, 92D, 96F)..................................................... 54 – Internal branch foliaceus (Fig. 124F)................................................... P. segmentata Silvestri, 1895 54. Internal branch not curved ectad (Fig. 77F, 92D)........................................................................... 55 – Internal branch curved ectad (Fig. 96F)........................................... P. microzoporus Mauriès, 1987 55. Gonocoxae subrectangular (Fig. 77E–F).................................. P. leopoldoi Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 – Gonocoxae subtriangular, basally expanded and progressively less wide (Fig. 92C–D)................................................................................................................................ P. meridionalis Silvestri, 1902, Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 112-115, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2015. Pseudonannolene lundi n. sp., a new troglobitic millipede from a Brazilian limestone cave (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3949 (1): 123 - 128. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3949.1.6","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2014. New species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in South America (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3846 (3): 361 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.3.3","Fontanetti C. S. 2000. Description and chromosome number of a species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri (Arthropoda, Diplopoda, Pseudonannolenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 17 (1): 187 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752000000100014","Fontanetti C. S. 1996. Description of three cave diplopods of Pseudonannolene Silvestri (Diplopoda, Pseudonannolenida, Pseudonannolenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 13 (2): 427 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81751996000200013","Brolemann H. W. 1929. Myriapodes recueillis aus Bresil par M. le professeur Caullery, membre de l'institut. Memoires de la Societe zoologique de France 29 (1): 1 - 37.","Silvestri F. 1902. Viaggio del Dr. A. Borelli nel Matto Grosso. VII. Diplopodi. Bollettino del musei di zoologia e di anatomia comparata della Reale Universita di Torino 17 (432): 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26628","Schubart O. 1949. Os diplopoda de algumas ilhas do litoral paulista. Memorias do Instituto Butantan 21: 203 - 254.","Schubart O. 1952. Diplopoda de Pirassununga IV. Adenda a fauna regional. Dusenia 3 (6): 403 - 420.","Schubart O. 1958. Sobre alguns Diplopoda de Mato Grosso e Goias, Brasil e a familia Spirostreptidae. Arquivos do Museu Nacional 46: 203 - 252.","Schubart O. 1960. Novas especies brasileiras das familias Spirostreptidae e Pseudonannolenidae (Diplopoda, Opistospermophora). Actas da Sociedade de Biologia do Rio de Janeiro 4 (6): 74 - 79.","Schubart O. 1947. Os diplopodos da viagem do naturalista Antenor Leitao de Carvalho aos rios Araguaia e Amazonas em 1939 e 1940. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro / Zoologia 82: 1 - 74.","Porat C. O. Von. 1888. Uber einige exotische Iuliden des Brusseler-Museums. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 32: 205 - 256.","Schubart O. 1944. Os Diplopodos de Pirassununga. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 2: 321 - 440.","Mauries J-P. 1974. Un cambalide cavernicole du Bresil, Pseudonannolene strinatii n. sp. (Myriapoda - Diplopoda). Revue suisse de Zoologie 81 (2): 545 - 550. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 146025","Mauries J-P. 1987. Cambalides nouveaux et peu connus d'Asie, d'Amerique et d'Oceanie. II. Pseudonannolenidae, Choctellidae (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 4 e serie, Section A, Zoologie 9 (1): 169 - 199."]}

Pseudonannolene granulata sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6AE0ABDC-08C5-47E4-A941-A3DE4234297C Figs 18C–D, 26B, D–E, 27, 153–154, 175A, 179J, 190; Suppl. file 4: Figs 198B, 200D, 202E Diagnosis Pseudonannolene granulata sp. nov. resembles P. buhrnheimi by having metazonites granulated (Figs 26B,D, 27, 153, 200D) and epiproct with triangular process (Figs 153B, 202E). Males of P.granulata differ by having stipes of gnathochilarium with proximal projections bearing setae (Figs 175A, 198B). Etymology The species epithet is derived from the Latin adjective ‘ granulatus ’; in reference to the granular striations on metazonite of the species. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Rio de Janeiro, Cambuci, Balneário Santa Inês; [-21.541444, -41.931761]; 29 Dec. 2017; L. Ázara, M. Medrano and A.B. Kury leg.; MNRJ. Paratypes (total: 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 3 immatures) BRAZIL • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; MNRJ • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 3 immatures; same collection data as for holotype; MNRJ. Description MEASUREMENTS. 53–55 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 43.8–64.7 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.2–4.5 mm. Females: body length 56.5–72.2 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4–5.4 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish; head, antennae, and collum darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial band darker and a posterior reddish; legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae short, just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14>5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Stipes of gnathochilarium with basal projections bearing setae. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 40 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes broadly rounded, with ca 6 deep striae, strongly curved ectad (Fig. 153A). Well demarcated constriction between prozonite and metazonite (Figs 26B, 27A, 153, 200D); prozonites smooth; metazonites densely granulated and laterally with transverse striae above ozopore (Figs 26B, 27A, 200D). Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 175A). Epiproct with a long triangular process (Figs 153B, 202E). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched, densely setose (Fig. 154A); prefemoral process (prf) short (less than half of prefemur), subcylindrical, with long setae up to its median region (Fig. 154B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 154C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly slightly flattened (Fig. 154D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa); protruded on squamous region of sl (Fig. 154D). Shoulder (sh) long, subtriangular. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx, with deep depression separating from sh and laterad projection (Fig. 154D); solenomere (sl) thin, with apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular; ectal process (ep) short, subtriangular, separating from amp by shallow notch; sa located at mesal portion, slightly curved ectad, visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow, surrounding basally tp as a shield; ib with setae along its entire margin exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 154D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa square-shaped, glabrous (Fig. 179J); internal and external valvae square-shaped, not acuminated apically; operculum narrow, slightly curved ectad. Distribution Known only from the type locality Cambuci, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (Fig. 190).

Pseudonannolene xavieri Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014 Figs 143–144, 166Q, 174A, 179E, 189 Pseudonannolene xavieri Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014: 373, figs 9, 14f. Pseudonannolene xavieri – Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 48. Diagnosis Males of P. xavieri resemble those of P. anapophysis, P. bovei, and P. inops by having solenomere with elongated ectal process directed horizontally (Fig. 144D), but differing by having the telopodite larger than half of gonocoxa in width; subtriangular internal branch (Fig. 144D–F). Etymology Patronym honoring the Brazilian biospeleologist Xavier Prous (Iniesta & Ferreira 2014). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Bahia, Iraquara, Fumaça cave; [-12.33169, -41.59664]; 723 m a.s.l.; 7 Jan. 2001; R.L. Ferreira et al. leg.; ISLA 4105. Other material (total: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀) BRAZIL – Bahia • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; 2014; ISLA 20618 • 1 ♂; Lapa Doce; 11 Nov. 2002; A. Giupponi and R. Baptista leg.; MNRJ 30148. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 60–61 body rings (1 apodous + telson). Males: body length 44 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.3 mm. Females: body length 46 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.4 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head, collum, antennae little darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a posterior band lighter; legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 143A), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14>57. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 26 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 4 shallow striae (Fig. 143A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae slightly above ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, with 7 transverse striae (Fig. 174A). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched and slightly expanded, densely setose (Fig. 144A); prefemoral process (prf) about as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 144B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, circle-shaped (Fig. 144C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, subrectangular, with the base slightly arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 144D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) subtriangular. Telopodite (tp) as wide as half of gcx (Fig. 144D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) short; ectal process (ep) subtriangular, elongated and perpendicular to amp; sa located at mesal portion, elongated, visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow, surrounding basally tp as a shield; ib with setae along its entire margin exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 144D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 179E); internal valve subtriangular; operculum slightly curved ectad; external valve subtriangular. Distribution Known only from Iraquara, Bahia State, Brazil (Fig. 189)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 98-99, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2014. New species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in South America (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3846 (3): 361 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.3.3","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225"]}

Pseudonannolene rugosetta Silvestri, 1897 Figs 162, 166I, 176E, 187 Pseudonannolene rugosetta Silvestri, 1897d: 355, fig. 37. Pseudonannolene rugosetta – Viggiani 1973: 367. — Mauriès 1987: 175, figs 9–10 (redescription of female holotype; longitudinal suture on promentum is omitted in the fig. 9). — Jeekel 2004: 90. — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013a: 92; 2013c: 79. Material examined Holotype FRENCH GUIANA • ♀ [fragmented]; Cayenne; [4.936964, -52.312784]; ISNB. Distribution Known only from the type locality Cayenne, French Guiana (Fig. 187). Comments Pseudonannolene rugosetta was described by Silvestri (1897d) based on an adult female apparently collected in French Guiana. Mauriès (1987) examined this holotype, confirming its generic position but questioning the doubtful location from the northernmost region of the Amazon basin. To date, this is the northernmost record of the genus, with the closer occurrence only by the troglobitic species P. spelaea from Pará State, Brazil. The female holotype of P. rugosetta is not sufficiently distinguished from all congeners (Fig. 162). Nonetheless, the species clearly belongs to Pseudonannolene by having the longitudinal suture on promentum (Fig. 176E)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 111-112, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Silvestri F. 1897 d. Description des especes nouvelles de Myriapodes du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Bruxelles. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 41: 345 - 362.","Viggiani V. 1973. Le specie descritte da Filippo Silvestri (1873 - 1949). Bollettino del Laboratorio di entomologia agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \" 30: 351 - 417.","Mauries J-P. 1987. Cambalides nouveaux et peu connus d'Asie, d'Amerique et d'Oceanie. II. Pseudonannolenidae, Choctellidae (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 4 e serie, Section A, Zoologie 9 (1): 169 - 199.","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 a. The first troglobitic Pseudonannolene from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3669 (1): 85 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3669.1.9","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 c. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3716 (1): 75 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.1.6"]}

Pseudonannolene mesai Fontanetti, 2000 Figs 11, 93– 94, 163N, 166A, 170D, 178C, 185 Pseudonannolene mesai Fontanetti, 2000: 188, figs 1–7. Pseudonannolene mesai – Iniesta & Ferreira 2013b: 366; 2013c: 78. Diagnosis Males of P. mesai resemble those of P. curvata sp. nov., P. erikae, and P. bucculenta sp. nov. by having a mesally curving telopodite, but differing from those species by a larger trunk of the telopodite, projected laterad (Fig. 94D). Etymology Patronym honoring the collector A. Mesa (Fontanetti 2000). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; São Paulo, Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia; [-23.633126, -45.882183]; 943 m a.s.l.; Apr. 1984; C.S. Fontanetti leg.; MZSP. Paratypes (total: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 immature) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for holotype; Nov. 1990; A. Mesa and J.A. Diniz-Filho leg.; MZSP. Other material (total: 2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, 8 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♂; Salesópolis, Estação Biológica de Boracéia; [-23.633126, -45.882183]; 943 m a.s.l.; May 2001; Equipe Biota leg.; IBSP • 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 1890 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 816 • 2 ♀♀; Cotia, Reserva Florestal do Morro Grande; [-23.603506, -46.919463]; 798 m a.s.l.; 13–30 Jun. 2002; Equipe Biota leg.; IBSP 2041 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2039 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2042. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 54–60 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 60.8–61.8 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.1–3.6 mm. Females: body length 71.6–81.4 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4.6–4.8 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head, collum, antennae and legs brownish darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial brown band and a posterior lighter. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 163N), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14>5≈6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 33 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 9 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 93A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, with 7 transverse striae (Fig. 170D). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched, densely setose mainly on distal region (Fig. 94A); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 94B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 94C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) rounded and elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly slightly flattened (Fig.94D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) inconspicous. Telopodite (tp) large, strongly curved mesad, projected laterad (Fig. 94D); solenomere (sl) with small squamous region; apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular; ectal process absent; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) short and narrow, subtriangular, surrounding basally tp as a shield; ib with setae along its entire margin exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 94D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 178C); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region rounded; operculum narrow; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution The species occurs in the Atlantic Forest from the coastal region of São Paulo State, Brazil (Fig. 185)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 57-58, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Fontanetti C. S. 2000. Description and chromosome number of a species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri (Arthropoda, Diplopoda, Pseudonannolenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 17 (1): 187 - 191. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752000000100014","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 b. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae): synotopy of a troglophilic and a troglobiotic species. Zootaxa 3702 (4): 357 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3702.4.3","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 c. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3716 (1): 75 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.1.6"]}

Pseudonannolene longicornis (Porat, 1888) Figs 83–84, 163K, 165O, 169E, 177N, 184 Alloporus longicornis Porat, 1888: 256. Pseudonannolene marconii Iniesta & Ferreira, 2014: 371, figs 8, 14d. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene longicornis – Brölemann 1909: 57 (transference Alloporus longicornis Porat, 1888 in pars); 1919: 275. — Mauriès 1987: 170, figs 1–3 (neotype designation). — Jeekel 2004: 89. — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013a: 92; 2014: 361. Pseudonannolene marconii – Gallo & Bichuette 2019: 47. Pseudonannolene ? silvestris – Mauriès 1987: 180, figs 20–22 (misidentified males from Fazenda Cachoeira, Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Justification of synonymy Through the examination of the type material of both species, as well as additional specimens from the type localities, we concluded that the male morphology of both nominal species agree completely when considering the gonopods and first and second leg-pairs. Slight differences in the forms of the gonocoxae and solenomere are treated as intraspecific variation. Therefore, P. marconii is proposed here as a junior synonym of P. longicornis. Diagnosis Males of P. longicornis resemble those of P. tricolor by having gonocoxa largely subcylindrical with large shoulder (Fig. 84D–F), but differing by an enlargement of the solenomere base, and a subtriangular internal branch that is not excavated at midlength, when viewed anally (Fig. 84D–E). Etymology Named after the Latin adjective ‘ longus ’ = ‘long’, and the noun ‘ cornus ’. Unspecified in the original description, but likely to be related to the frontal projection on the head of the species. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂, holotype of P. marconii; Bahia, Pau Brasil, Pedra Suspensa cave; [-15.568625, -39.686560]; 180 m a.s.l.; 21 Jan. 2005; R.L. Ferreira et al. leg.; ISLA 4106. Other material (total: 16 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀) BRAZIL – Bahia • 1 ♂; Pau Brasil, Córrego Verde cave; [-15.466728, -39.674896]; 183 m a.s.l.; 21 Jan. 2005; R.L. Ferreira et al. leg.; ISLA 15678. – Espírito Santo • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Aracruz, Parque Natural Municipal do Aricanga; [-19.830269, -40.328487]; 37 m a.s.l.; 22–27 Apr. 2010; IBSP 3734 • 1 ♂; REFMU do Morro do Aricanga; [-19.822498, -40.334524]; 122 m a.s.l.; 14–16 Oct. 2005; A. Giupponi, V. Orrico, M. Milleri, R. Rodrigues and T. Souza leg. MNRJ • 1 ♂; Linhares; [-19.395994, -40.065472]; 33 m a.s.l.; 23 Oct. 1944; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 6 ♂♂; Mata Alta; Apr. 1993; MNRJ 30155. – Rio de Janeiro • 1 ♂; Nova Iguaçu, Reserva Ecológica Tinguá; [-22.565598, -43.410073]; 392 m a.s.l.; Feb. 2002; E.F. Ramos leg.; IBSP 1921 • 1 ♂; Vassouras, Fazenda da Cachoeira; [-22.458059, -43.615817]; 680 m a.s.l.; 30 Apr. 1994; Boving-Petersen leg.; NHMD. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 54–60 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 58–82 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4.7–5 mm. Females: body length 35–45 mm; maximum midbody diameter 5.3 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head and collum darker; prozonites greyish anteriorly; metazonites with a light posterior band; antennae and legs lighter. HEAD. Antennae long (Fig. 163K), just reaching back to end of ring 6 when extended dorsally; antennomeres elongated; relative antennomere lengths 14≈5>6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 40 ommatidia in 5 rows. Frontal region with rounded projection. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with 10 striae, curved ectad (Fig. 83A). Very faint constriction between prozonites and metazonites; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae slightly above ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, with shallow transverse striae (Fig. 169E). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base strongly arched and expanded, densely setose (Fig. 84A); prefemoral process (prf) twice as long as prefemur, subcylindrical, apically narrow and slightly curved ectad, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 84B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 84C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, largely subcylindrical, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 84D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) large, rounded. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 84D); solenomere (sl) enlarged basally, with apicomesal process (amp) subtriangular, short; ectal process (ep) subtriangular, separating from amp by shallow notch; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow and foliaceous; setae starting at midlength of ib slightly exceeding seminal region of sl (Fig. 84D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 177N); internal valve subtriangular, with mesal region rounded; operculum narrow, curved ectad; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution The species is distributed in the coastal region of the Atlantic Forest from Rio de Janeiro up to the southern Bahia State, Brazil (Fig. 184). Comments The descriptive notes are based on topotypes of the species, since the examination of the neotype deposited at the Muséum national d’histoire naturelle, Paris, France (MNHN), was not possible during this study., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 50-51, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Porat C. O. Von. 1888. Uber einige exotische Iuliden des Brusseler-Museums. Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique 32: 205 - 256.","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2014. New species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in South America (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3846 (3): 361 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.3.3","Brolemann H. W. 1909. Os Myriapodos do Brazil. Catalogos da Fauna Brazileira. Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brasil.","Mauries J-P. 1987. Cambalides nouveaux et peu connus d'Asie, d'Amerique et d'Oceanie. II. Pseudonannolenidae, Choctellidae (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). Bulletin du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, 4 e serie, Section A, Zoologie 9 (1): 169 - 199.","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 a. The first troglobitic Pseudonannolene from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3669 (1): 85 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3669.1.9","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2019. O que mudou na distribuicao dos diplopodes Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 nas cavernas do Brasil 18 anos apos a sinopse de Trajano e colaboradores (2000)?. Espeleo-Tema 29 (1): 41 - 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / aca. 1. e 30225"]}

Pseudonannolene typica Silvestri, 1895 Figs 136–139, 164M, 166O, 173D, 179D, 189; Supp. file 4: Figs 214D, 220B, 222F Pseudonannolene typica Silvestri, 1895a: 775. Pseudonannolene abbreviata Silvestri, 1902: 20. Syn. nov. Pseudonannolene typica – Silvestri 1896: 170; 1903: 74, fig. 119. — Brölemann 1909: 85. — Viggiani 1973: 367. — Jeekel 2004: 92. — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013c: 79. Ppseudonannolene [sic!] typica – Silvestri 1902: 18 (description of male from Puerto Piray, Argentina, 1884, NHMD; examined). Pseudonannolene abbreviata – Jeekel 2004: 87. — Iniesta & Ferreira 2013c: 79. Justification of synonymy Based on the examination of the type material of P. abbreviata (USNM 2031 and ZMB 2887) and the original description, the sexual and somatic characters are in complete agreement with those described for P. typica. Therefore, P. abbreviata is herein proposed as a junior synonym of P. typica. Diagnosis Males of P. typica resemble those of P. centralis by having a solenomere with short ectal process, separated from apicomesal process by a shallow notch; internal branch with distal projection (Figs 137D, 220B). Pseudonannolene typica differs by an evident shoulder on gonocoxa (Fig. 137D–F); head without frontal setae (Fig. 136A). Etymology Name ‘typica’ is derived from the Latin word ‘ typus ’, plus the suffix ‘-icus’ = belonging to. Although unspecified in the original description, the species name is probably an allusion to the name-bearing type of the genus. Material examined Syntypes ARGENTINA • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, syntypes of P. typica; Misiones, Candelaria; [-27.462447, -55.744566]; 53 m a.s.l.; 1884; G. Bove leg.; MCSN. BRAZIL • 1 ♀, syntype of P. typica; Paraná; G. Bove leg.; USNM. URUGUAY • 1 ♀, syntype of P. abbreviata; Maldonado, Estación La Sierra; [-34.747175, -55.404774]; 30 m a.s.l.; 27 May 1899; F. Silvestri leg.; USNM 2031 • 1 ♀, syntype of P. abbreviata; same collection data as for preceding; ZMB 2887. Other material (total: 2 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀) ARGENTINA – Misiones • 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀; Candelaria; [-27.462447, -55.744566]; 53 m a.s.l.; 1884; G. Bove leg.; MCSN • 1 ♂; Puerto Piray; [-26.468823, -54.715889]; 50 m a.s.l.; 1884; NHMD. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 60–65 body rings (2–3 apodous + telson). Males:body length 55 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.3–4 mm. Females: body length 53–66 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.6–4.3 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head, collum, antennae darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial darker band and a posterior reddish; legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 164M), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14=5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 35 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with 9 striae, slightly curved ectad (Fig. 136A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae slightly above ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, with shallow transverse striae (Fig. 173D). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base arched and slightly expanded, densely setose (Fig. 137A); prefemoral process (prf) about as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, curved ectad, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 137B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 137C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Figs 137D–F, 214D); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) subtriangular. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Figs 137D, 220B); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) slightly subtriangular; ectal process (ep) short, subtriangular, separating from amp by shallow notch; sa located at mesal portion, slightly visible apically. Internal branch (ib) subtriangular, narrow, surrounding basally tp as a shield; with a short torsion of 180° starting at midlength, with projection directed diagonally upwards; ib with setae along its entire margin exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Figs 137D–F, 214D). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 179D); internal valve subtriangular, slightly compressed medially; operculum large, curved ectad; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution Known from the border of northeastern Argentina with southern Paraguay (Fig. 189)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 94-96, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Silvestri F. 1895 a. Chilopodi e diplopodi raccolti dal capitano G. Bove e dal Prof. L. Balzan nell'America meridionale. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, serie 2 (14): 764 - 783. Available from http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7940804 [accessed 13 Feb. 2023].","Silvestri F. 1902. Viaggio del Dr. A. Borelli nel Matto Grosso. VII. Diplopodi. Bollettino del musei di zoologia e di anatomia comparata della Reale Universita di Torino 17 (432): 1 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 26628","Silvestri F. 1896. I Diplopodi. Parte I. - Sistematica. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale di Genova, serie 2 (16): 121 - 254. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 7697911 [accessed 13 Feb. 2023].","Silvestri F. 1903. Classis Diplopoda, Vol. I - Anatome, Pars la - Segmenta, Tegumentum, Musculi. In: Berlese A. (ed.) Acari Myriopoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia reperta 346: 1 - 272.","Brolemann H. W. 1909. Os Myriapodos do Brazil. Catalogos da Fauna Brazileira. Museu Paulista, Sao Paulo, Brasil.","Viggiani V. 1973. Le specie descritte da Filippo Silvestri (1873 - 1949). Bollettino del Laboratorio di entomologia agraria \" Filippo Silvestri \" 30: 351 - 417.","Jeekel C. A. W. 2004. A bibliographic catalogue of the \" Cambaloidea \" (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida). Myriapod Memoranda 7: 43 - 109.","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 c. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3716 (1): 75 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.1.6"]}

Pseudonannolene spelaea Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013 Figs 18E, 22, 32F, 35E–F, 127–128, 166K, 172E, 178O, 188; Supp. file 4: Figs 195D, 219E Pseudonannolene spelaea Iniesta & Ferreira, 2013a: 85, figs 2–6. Pseudonannolene spelaea – Iniesta & Ferreira 2013b: 366; 2013c: 78; 2014: 364. — Enghoff & Reboleira 2017: 131, fig. 1d. — Karam-Gemael et al. 2018: figs 2–3. — Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 34. Diagnosis Resembling P. ambuatinga and P. lundi by having head, trunk, and legs depigmented (Figs 18E, 127), and P. leucomelas by the reduced number of ommatidia (adults with less than 15 ommatidia) (Fig. 127A). Males of P. spelaea differ from the latter by having solenomere rounded, with seminal apophysis covered by squamous membrane (Figs 35E–F, 128D–F), and from adults of P. ambuatinga and P. lundi by the number of ommatidia. Etymology Name given as reference to the Latin word ‘ spelaea ’ = ‘cave’, referring to the restriction of the species in caves (Iniesta & Ferreira 2013a). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂; Pará, Parauapebas, GEM-1770 cave; [-6.13239, -50.136453]; 21 Oct. 2010; M.P. Oliveira leg.; ISLA 3797. Paratypes (total: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀) BRAZIL – Pará • 1 ♂; Parauapebas, GEM-1744 cave; [-6.125219, -50.131775]; 20 Sep. 2010; M.P. Oliveira leg.; ISLA 3796 • 1 ♀; Parauapebas, GEM-1712 cave; [-6.142353, -50.133647]; 30 Oct. 2010; M.P. Oliveira leg.; ISLA 3794 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; ISLA 3795. Other material (total: 26 ♂♂, 20 ♀♀, 4 immatures) BRAZIL – Pará • 1 ♂; Canaã dos Carajás, GEM_1427 cave; [-6.316577, -49.99301]; 270 m a.s.l.; 29 Aug.–27 Sep. 2012; Pellegatti leg.; IBSP 5923 • 1 ♂; S11D_01 cave; [-6.398743, -50.357217]; 28 Oct. 2016; M.P. Oliveira et al. leg.; IBSP 7631 • 1 ♀; S11C_153 cave; [-6.367796, -50.389552]; 25 Oct. 2016; M.P. Oliveira et al. leg.; IBSP 7632 • 1 ♂; same locality data as for preceding; 15 Mar. 2016; Biospeleo leg.; IBSP 4898 • 2 ♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 4899 • 1 immature; S11C_0046 cave; [-6.401051, -50.379098]; 19 Apr. 2016; Biospeleo leg.; IBSP 4746 • 1 immature; S11C_0002 cave; [-6.382172, -50.380279]; 16 Apr. 2016; Biospeleo leg.; IBSP 4685 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP • 1 ♂; Parauapebas, FLONA Carajás, N1_37 cave; [-6.030922, -50.27478]; 28 Sep.–3 Oct. 2007; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 7328 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7328 • 1 ♂; N4E_14 cave; [-6.038547, -50.160737]; 20 Apr.–4 May 2010; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 6222 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; N4E_22 cave; [-6.034235, -50.168171]; 20 Oct.–1 Nov. 2006; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 6071 • 1 ♂; same locality data as for preceding; 7–12 Oct. 2008; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 7337 • 1 ♀; N4E_10 cave; [-6.039316, -50.161025]; 7–12 Oct. 2008; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 7329 • 2 ♂♂; N3_024 cave; [-6.041148, -50.218744]; 2–23 Aug. 2013; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 7364 • 1 ♀, 1 immature; N4E_61 cave; [-6.03948, -50.167921]; 7–12 Oct. 2008; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 7330 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; N4E_14 cave; [-6.038547, -50.160737]; 20 Apr.–4 May 2010; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 6254 • 1 ♂; N1_08 cave; [-6.039257, -50.270721]; 28 Sep.–3 Oct. 2007; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 7334 • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, 1 immature; N4E_61 cave; [-6.03948, -50.167921]; 24–30 Jul. 2009; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 6258 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; N1_04 cave; [-6.040225, -50.270456]; 28 Sep.–3 Oct. 2007; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 7327 • 3 ♀♀; N1_08 cave; [-6.039257, -50.270721]; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 7333 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; N4E_14 cave; [-6.038547, -50.160737]; 7–12 Oct. 2008; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 7335 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7336 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; N4E_61 cave; [-6.03948, -50.167921]; 7–12 Oct. 2008; R. Andrade leg.; IBSP 7332 • 1 ♀; N5W_01 cave; [-6.07974, -50.133343]; 4–7 Dec. 2013; Guarda et al. leg.; IBSP 7336 • 2 ♂♂; same data as for preceding except for N5W_03 cave; [-6.081198, -50.134398]; IBSP 7367 • 1 ♂; N3_024 cave; [-6.041148, -50.218744]; IBSP 7363 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 7362 • 1 ♀; N5W_03 cave; [-6.081198, -50.134398]; IBSP 7356. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 60–65 body rings (1 apodous + telson). Males: body length 41.6–42 mm; maximum midbody diameter 1.6–1.8 mm. Females: body length 34.8–35 mm; maximum midbody diameter 1.7– 1.8 mm. COLOR. Living specimens depigmented. Color when stored in 70% ethanol: uniform brownish, faint dark shadows posteriorly on prozonites; metazonites little lighter. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 22), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 147. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster reduced and almost entirely covered by collum; ca 12 ommatidia in 3 rows loosely grouped (Fig. 127A). BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes broadly subrectangular, with ca 6 thickened striae, curved mesad (Fig. 127A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae below ozopore. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 172E). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, with the base slightly arched, densely setose (Fig. 128A); prefemoral process (prf) as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, densely setose along in its entire extension (Fig. 128B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, large and rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 128C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 128D–F); with rows of papillae mesally (Fig. 32F). Seminal groove (sg) almost imperceptible in oral view, terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa) (Figs 35E–F, 128D–F, 219E). Shoulder absent. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 128D–F); solenomere (sl) rounded, with sa covered by a secondary squamous membrane (Figs 35E–F, 128D, 219E), not protruded apically; ectal process absent. Internal branch (ib) short, subtriangular; short setae restricted to the apical region of ib not exceeding seminal region of sl (Figs 35E–F, 128D–F, 219E). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 178O); internal valve subtriangular, with its sides having the same length; operculum subrectangular, as wide as half of internal valve; external valve short in oral view, subtriangular. Distribution A troglomorphic species known only from iron ore caves in the Carajás region, Pará State, Brazil (Fig. 188), an outstanding region for environmental and economic activities in Brazil due to its extensive iron ore reserves. These caves are small, with their sizes varying around 30 meters to 200 meters, connected to a huge network of small channels (= canaliculi, typically found in the Canga formation), which considerably increases the habitats for cave-dwelling species. The Carajás region is also the shelter of several troglobitic and troglophilic species such as spiders, beetles, centipedes, crickets, and other invertebrates (Pinto-da-Rocha 1995; Ázara & Ferreira 2014; Parizotto et al. 2017; Chagas-Jr & Bichuette 2018; Rodrigues et al. 2018; Bouzan et al. 2019a; Oliveira et al. 2019; Junta et al. 2020)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 85-87, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021, {"references":["Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 a. The first troglobitic Pseudonannolene from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3669 (1): 85 - 95. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3669.1.9","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 b. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae): synotopy of a troglophilic and a troglobiotic species. Zootaxa 3702 (4): 357 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3702.4.3","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2013 c. Two new species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian iron ore caves (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3716 (1): 75 - 80. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.1.6","Iniesta L. F. M & Ferreira R. L. 2014. New species of Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895 from Brazilian limestone caves with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in South America (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae). Zootaxa 3846 (3): 361 - 397. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3846.3.3","Enghoff H. & Reboleira A. S. P. S. 2017. Diversity of non-Laboulbenialean fungi on millipedes. Studies in Fungi 2 (1): 130 - 137. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / sif / 2 / 1 / 15","Karam-Gemael M., Izzo T. J. & Chagas-Jr A. 2018. Why be red listed? Threatened Myriapoda species in Brazil with implications for their conservation. ZooKeys 741: 255 - 269. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 741.21971","Gallo J. S. & Bichuette M. E. 2020. Pseudonannolene canastra sp. nov. (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida) - A new troglobitic millipede from the southwestern state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Subterranean Biology 35: 33 - 47. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / subtbiol. 35.51183","Pinto-da-Rocha R. 1995. Sinopse da fauna cavernicola do Brasil (1907 - 1994). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia 39 (6): 61 - 172.","Azara L. N. & Ferreira R. L. 2014. Two new troglobitic Newportia (Newportia) from Brazil (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha). Zootaxa 3881 (3): 267 - 278. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3881.3.5","Parizotto D. R., Pires A. C., Mise K. M., Ferreira R. L. & Sessegolo G. C. 2017. Troglobitic invertebrates: Improving the knowledge on the Brazilian subterranean biodiversity through an interactive multi-entry key. Zootaxa 4365 (4): 401 - 409. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4365.4.1","Chagas-Jr A. & Bichuette M. E. 2018. A synopsis of centipedes in Brazilian caves: hidden species diversity that needs conservation (Myriapoda, Chilopoda). ZooKeys 737: 13 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 737.20307","Rodrigues B. V. B., Cizauskas I. & Rheims C. A. 2018. Description of Paracymbiomma gen. nov., a new genus of prodidomid spiders from the Neotropical region (Araneae: Prodidomidae) including a new troglobite species. Zootaxa 4514 (3): 301 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4514.3.1","Bouzan R. S., Iniesta L. F. M., de Souza C. A. R., Zampaulo R. A. & Brescovit A. D. 2019 a. Taxonomic review of the Amazonian millipede genus Parastenonia Hoffman, 1977 and description of a new species from iron-ore caves (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Journal of Natural History 53 (45 - 46): 2781 - 2799. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2020.1749956","Oliveira R. R. M., Vasconcelos S., Pires E. S., Pietrobon T., Prous X. & Oliveira G. 2019. Complete mitochondrial genomes of three troglophile cave spiders (Mesabolivar, Pholcidae). Mitochondrial DNA Part B: Resources 4 (1): 251 - 252. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 23802359.2018.1547139","Junta V. G. P., Castro-Souza R. A. & Ferreira R. L. 2020. Five new species of Phalangopsis Serville, 1831 (Orthoptera: Phalangopsidae) from Brazilian caves in the Amazon Forest. Zootaxa 4859 (2): 151 - 194. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4859.2.1"]}

Two new species of the genus Glyphiulus Gervais, 1847 are described and illustrated. The first species, G. longussp. nov., is the second species of the javanicus-group to be found in Thailand. It resembles G. guangnanensis Jiang, Guo, Chen & Xie, 2018, from southern China, but is distinguished by a smaller size and the carinotaxic formula of the collum, combined with ♂ legs 1 bearing very strongly reduced telopodites, the anterior gonopods showing a pair of very long and slender apicomesal processes, and the denser plumose and stout flagella of the posterior gonopods. The second species, G. promdamisp. nov., the fifth member of the granulatus-group in Thailand, seems to be particularly similar to G. subbedosae Likhitrakarn, Golovatch & Panha, 2017, from Laos. However, it can be distinguished from the latter species mainly by showing a uniformly yellow collum and the posterior gonopod coxite bearing several strong setae in median and lateral views, coupled with the anterior gonopod coxosternum being microsetose in the anterior and medial parts in caudal view. An identification key to, and a distribution map of, all seven Glyphiulus species currently known to occur in Thailand are also provided.

TROPOSTREPTUS PHYLOGENY AND EVOLUTION Twenty-one of our included mitochondrial genomes belong to Tropostreptus, allowing for a thorough investigation of the evolution of this genus in the Eastern Arc. We observe a clear genetic structure in Tropostreptus, with distinct lineages (both inter- and intraspecific) being defined by the mountain blocks (Fig. 4). This is consistent with previous genetic results of Eastern Arc gene pools (e.g. cat snakes: Gravlund, 2002; chameleons: Tolley et al., 2011; African violets: Dimitrov et al., 2012), where forestadapted species inhabit the montane forests and are absent from the adjacent savannah lowlands. Today, the mountains capture the oceanic winds from the Indian Ocean, which maintains sufficient humidity for dense rain forest to grow, resulting in the forest ‘sky islands’ (Lovett, 1993a, b; Burgess et al., 2007). Until 30 Mya, the Eastern Arc region is thought to have been covered by rain forest (Rodgers, 1998; Couvreur et al., 2008), and an uplifting of the Eastern Arc Mountains is believed to have occurred within the last 7 Myr (although this is debated), changing the whole topography of East Africa (Griffiths, 1993; Ring, 2014; Macgregor, 2015). Climatic and geological fluctuations through time have thus repeatedly affected the forest cover and, presumably, resulted in a multitude of vicariance events when species were isolated in patchy forest remnants (Lovett, 1993a; Sepulchre et al., 2006; Couvreur et al., 2008). For these reasons, the splitting order we observe in the Tropostreptus phylogeny might well reflect forest fragmentation in ancient times. We observe a general trend, whereby northern lineages appear to split off first. The earliest split in Tropostreptus separates the Tropostreptus austerus + Tropostreptus severus lineage from the rest, and the second split separates these two species, today occupying Nguru and Usambara Mountains in the north. A similar intraspecific pattern is evident in more recent splits in Tropostreptus hamatus and Tropostreptus sigmatospinus (Fig. 4), suggesting a repeated pattern of vicariance events occurring first in the north. A separation of species between northern and southern mountains has also been observed in several other Eastern Arc taxa, including amphibians (Blackburn & Measey, 2009), gastropods (Tattersfield et al., 1998) and reptiles (Gravlund, 2002; Tolley et al., 2011), but also in well-dispersing taxa, such as birds (Fjeldså & Bowie, 2008). This indicates a forest retraction southwards during dry periods, resulting in vicariance events, followed by forest expansion and thus northward recolonization of species during periods with higher humidity. Northward migration is also observed in other Eastern Arc species, such as chameleons (Tolley et al., 2011; Ceccarelli et al., 2014). A recent cycle of forest expansion/retraction can explain why Tropostreptus hamatus and Tropostreptus sigmatospinus exist across several of the mountains without having evolved into distinct species yet. Other events have isolated Tropostreptus kipunji in the forest on Mount Rungwe, the most south-westerly occurring species in the Eastern Arc region, in addition to Tropostreptus sigmatospinus in Zanzibar and, potentially, also the Rondo Plateau, from where Tropostreptus has been observed but for which molecular data are still lacking (Enghoff, 2017). Regarding the timing of the species splits (Fig. 5), several major events might have played a role. Around 30 Mya the Antarctic ice sheet started to form (Couvreur et al., 2008), along with rifting that started to occur in northern East Africa (Ring, 2014), possibly initiating the fragmentation of the pan-African forest. Through millions of years, the rifting would continue southwards (Ring, 2014), affecting the topology and possibly related to the forest fragmentation responsible for the divergence of Tropostreptus austerus and Tropostreptus severus observed ~22 Mya. The observed divergence of Tropostreptus hamatus and the split between Tropostreptus austerus and Tropostreptus severus correspond well to the closing of the Tethys Sea (17 Mya), which would have altered ocean currents and, probably, the climate of the area (Couvreur et al., 2008). Likewise, the isolation of the Tropostreptus kipunji lineage corresponds with the uplifting of Mount Rungwe from ~8 Mya (Ring, 2014). Finally, between 5 Mya and today, we observe a radiation in Tropostreptus hamatus and Tropostreptus sigmatospinus (Fig. 5). A reasonable explanation for this is the uplift of the Eastern Arc Mountains, shifting the precipitation from the lowlands to the mountains (Lovett, 1993a, b), in combination with the Antarctic ice sheet forming, thus decreasing global humidity (Polyak et al., 2010). This would lead to the emergence of savannah in the lowlands between the mountains (Sepulchre et al., 2006; Ségalen et al., 2007; Couvreur et al., 2008), isolating the montane forest and limiting migration between populations of forest-restricted species. We emphasize that we have neither good fossil records nor mtDNA mutation rates estimated specifically for millipedes, which is why the split times of our millipede phylogenetic tree should be interpreted with caution. Moreover, comparable studies with dated phylogenies of Eastern Arc species are sparse, hence it is difficult to compare the split times we have estimated with those of other species in the region. Examining two separate studies of chameleons (Kinyongia Tilbury, Tolley & Branch, 2006 and Trioceros Swainson, 1839) with dated phylogenies based on both mitochondrial and nuclear markers did show some correspondence with our dated splits (Tolley et al., 2011; Ceccarelli et al., 2014). Tolley et al. (2011) dated the earliest split between the northern and southern Eastern Arc species to ~28 Mya, and both studies show several radiation events between 5 and 20 Mya, corresponding to the same overall time frame that we are discussing for the millipedes. In contrast, the chameleons display fewer speciation events during the last 5 Myr than the millipedes, perhaps suggesting that the latter have been more susceptible to vicariance during more recent climatic events., Published as part of Nielsen, Martin, Margaryan, Ashot, Nielsen, Tejs Lind, Enghoff, Henrik & Allentoft, Morten E., 2022, Complete mitochondrial genomes from museum specimens clarify millipede evolution in the Eastern Arc Mountains, pp. 924-939 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (2) on pages 933-934, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac058, http://zenodo.org/record/7184588, {"references":["Gravlund P. 2002. Molecular phylogeny of Tornier's cat snake (Crotaphopeltis tornieri), endemic to East African mountain forests: biogeography, vicariance events and problematic species boundaries. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 40: 46 - 56.","Tolley KA, Tilbury CR, Measey GJ, Menegon M, Branch WR, Matthee CA. 2011. Ancient forest fragmentation or recent radiation? Testing refugial speciation models in chameleons within an African biodiversity hotspot. Journal of Biogeography 3 8: 1748 - 1760.","Dimitrov D, Nogues-Bravo D, Scharff N. 2012. Why do tropical mountains support exceptionally high biodiversity? The Eastern Arc mountains and the drivers of Saintpaulia diversity. PLoS One 7: e 48908.","Lovett JC. 1993 a. Climatic history and forest distribution in eastern Africa. In: JC Lovett, SK Wasser, eds. Biogeography and ecology of the rain forests of Eastern Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 23 - 29.","Burgess N, Butynski TM, Cordeiro NJ, Doggart NH, Fjeldsa J, Howell KM, Kilahama FB, Loader SP, Lovett JC, Mbilinyi B, Menegon M. 2007. The biological importance of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and Kenya. Biological Conservation 134: 209 - 231.","Rodgers WA. 1998. An introduction to the conservation of the Eastern Arc Mountains. Journal of East African Natural History 87: 7 - 18.","Couvreur TLP, Chatrou LW, Sosef MSM, Richardson JE. 2008. Molecular phylogenetics reveal multiple tertiary vicariance origins of the African rain forest trees. BMC Biology 6: 54.","Griffiths CJ. 1993. The geological evolution of East Africa. In: JC Lovett, SK Wasser, eds. Biogeography and Ecology of the Rain Forests of Eastern Africa, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 9 - 22.","Ring U. 2014. The East African rift system. Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences 107: 132 - 146.","Macgregor D. 2015. History of the development of the East African Rift System: a series of interpreted maps through time. Journal of African Earth Sciences 101: 232 - 252.","Sepulchre P, Ramstein G, Fluteau F, Schuster M, Tiercelin J-J, Brunet M. 2006. Tectonic uplift and Eastern Africa aridification. Science 313: 1419 - 1423.","Blackburn DC, Measey GJ. 2009. Dispersal to or from an African biodiversity hotspot? Molecular Ecology 18: 1904 - 1915.","Tattersfield P, Seddon MB, Meena C. 1998. Ecology and conservation of the land-snails of the Eastern Arc Mountains. Journal of East African Natural History 87: 119 - 138.","Fjeldsa J, Bowie RCK. 2008. New perspectives on the origin and diversification of Africa's forest avifauna. African Journal of Ecology 46: 235 - 247.","Ceccarelli FS, Menegon M, Tolley KA, Tilbury CR, Gower DJ, Laserna MH, Kasahun R, Rodriguez- Prieto A, Hagmann R, Loader SP. 2014. Evolutionary relationships, species delimitation and biogeography of Eastern Afromontane horned chameleons (Chamaeleonidae: Trioceros). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 80: 125 - 136.","Enghoff H. 2017. A new East African genus of spirostreptid millipedes (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae), with notes on their fungal ectoparasite Rickia gigas. Zootaxa 4273: 501 - 530.","Polyak L, Alley RB, Andrews JT, Brigham-Grette J, Cronin TM, Darby DA, Dyke AS, Fitzpatrick JJ, Funder S, Holland M, Jennings AE, Wolff E. 2010. History of sea ice in the Arctic. Quaternary Science Reviews 29: 1757 - 1778.","Segalen L, Lee-Thorp JA, Cerling T. 2007. Timing of C 4 grass expansion across sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Human Evolution 53: 549 - 559."]}

Urostreptus tampiitauensis (Schubart, 1947) Stenostreptus tampiitauensis Schubart, 1947: 23, 1957: 317, 1958: 245. Urostreptus tampiitauensis: – Hoffman, 1968: 84; Krabbe, 1982: 416; Golovatch et al., 2005: 278; Batistella et al., 2015: 162; Battirola et al., 2016: 175; Santos-Silva et al., 2018: 5, et al., 2019: 4. RecordsfromMatoGrosso: SantaTerezinha(=formerlyBarra doTapirapé)(Schubart,1947);FazendaSãoNicolau,CotriguaÇu (Batistella et al., 2015); Parque Estadual do Cristalino, Novo Mundo(Battirola et al., 2016);Poconé(Santos-Silva et al., 2018)., Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador, Battirola, Leandro Dênis & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2022, New records for the poorly-known monotypic genera Exallostreptus and Guaporeptus, and a list of species from Mato Grosso state, Brazil (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Spirostreptidae), pp. 1-12 in Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 62 on page 10, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2022.62.040, http://zenodo.org/record/7177624, {"references":["Schubart, O. 1947. Os Diplopodos da viagem do naturalista Antenor Leitao de Carvalho aos rios Araguaia e Amazonas em 1939 e 1940. Boletim do Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, Zoologia, 82: 1 - 74.","Schubart, O. 1957. Sobre Alguns Diplopoda da Serra do Cachimbo no Sul do Estado do Para. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias, 29 (2): 309 - 318.","Schubart, O. 1958. Sobre alguns Diplopoda de Mato Grosso e Goias, Brasil e a familia Spirostreptidae. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 46: 203 - 252.","Hoffman, R. L. 1968. Studies on Spirostreptoid millipeds. VII. A synopsis of the species of Urostreptus Silvestri. Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia, 21: 67 - 85.","Krabbe, E. 1982. Systematik der Spirostreptidae (Diplopoda, Spirostreptomorpha). Abhandlungen und Verhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg (N. F.), 24: 1 - 476.","Golovatch, S. I.; Hoffman, R. L.; Adis, J.; Marques, M. I.; Raizer, J.; Silva, F. H. O.; Ribeiro, R. A. K.; Silva, J. L. & Pinheiro, T. G. 2005. Millipedes (Diplopoda) of the Brazilian Pantanal. Amazoniana, 18 (3 - 4): 273 - 288.","Batistella, D. A.; Pinheiro, T. G.; Rodrigues, D. J. & Battirola, L. D. 2015. Distribuicao de especies de Spirostreptidae (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida) em uma area na Amazonia mato-grossense. Acta BiolOgica Paranaense, 44 (3 - 4): 159 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5380 / abpr. v 44 i 1 - 4.44121.","Battirola, L. D.; Silva, L. S.; Almeida, F. M.; Batistella, D. A.; Pena-Barbosa, J. P. P.; Chagas-Jr., A. & Brescovit, A. D. 2016. Artropodes de Solo. In: Domingos, D. J; Noronha, J. C.; Vindica, V. F.; Barbosa, F. R. (Eds.). Biodiversidade do Parque Estadual Cristalino. Sao Paulo, Attema Editorial. p. 165 - 177.","Santos-Silva, L.; Pinheiro, T. G.; Chagas-Jr., A.; Marques, M. I. & Battirola, L. D. 2018. Temporal and spatial variation of Myriapoda (Diplopoda and Chilopoda) assemblages in a Neotropical floodplain. Biota Neotropica, 18 (2): 1 - 10. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1676 - 0611 - bn- 2018 - 0514."]}