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In recent years, the deep learning based image classification has emerged as a crucial research topic in the fields of computer vision and artificial intelligence. However, the ambiguity inherent in image classification tasks causes the reduced accuracy in the classification process due to similarities between classes. This study proposes a feedback based evolutionary spiral learning method for reducing class ambiguity in the deep learning based image classification process. The proposed method consists of four stages: data collection, key image clustering, classification model training, and evaluation of classification results. If the evaluation results converge to specific measured values, the corresponding key image clusters are used as training data; otherwise, the process iterates through the previous stages in a spiral structure. Various experiments showed that the proposed method, compared to the traditional approach of manually labeling and generating training data, highly improved performance with an average of 82.38%. This reveals that the method can become a significant solution to address the issue of ambiguity that arises in deep learning based image classification tasks. In addition, it is expected to provide a faster and more optimized process in the fields of multi-class classification and detection.

The chimp optimization algorithm (ChOA) is a nature-inspired algorithm that imitates chimpanzees' individual intelligence and hunting behaviors. In this algorithm, the hunting process consists of four steps: driving, blocking, chasing, and attacking. Because of the novelty of ChOA, the steps of the hunting process have been modeled in the simplest possible way, leading to slow and premature convergence similar to other iterative algorithms. This paper proposes six spiral functions and introduces two novel hybrid spiral functions (SEB-ChOA) to rectify the abovementioned deficiencies. The SEB-ChOAs' performance is evaluated on 23 standard benchmarks, 20 benchmarks of IEEE CEC-2005, 10 cases of IEEE CEC06-2019 test-suite, and 12 constrained real-world engineering problems of IEEE CEC-2020. The SEB-ChOAs are compared with three groups of optimization algorithms, including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) as the most well-known optimization algorithms, Slime Mould Algorithm (SMA), Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA), Ant Lion Optimization (ALO), Henry Gas Solubility Optimization (HGSO), as almost novel optimization algorithms, and jDE100 and DISHchain1e+12, as winners of IEEE CEC06-2019 competition, and also EBOwithCMAR and CIPDE as superior secondary optimization algorithms. The SEB-ChOAs reached the first rank among almost all benchmarks and demonstrated very competitive results compared to jDE100 and DISHchain1e+12 as the best-performing optimizers. Statistical evidence shows that the SEB-ChOA outperforms the PSO, GA, SMA, MPA, ALO, and HGSO optimizers while producing results comparable to those of the jDE100 and DISHchain1e+12 algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2009 ASEAN established a human rights body—the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR)—and tasked it with promoting and protecting human rights in Southeast Asia within ASEAN's framework of cooperation and to encourage member states to ratify international human rights treaties and act in accordance with them. AICHR has ten Representatives, one for each ASEAN member, and these individuals are tasked with fulfilling AICHR's mandate. In this article, we utilise the mechanisms and scope conditions contained in the revised Spiral Model to assess the opportunities and challenges that exist in aiding and frustrating their attempts to fulfil AICHR's mandate to promote and protect human rights. Although routinely dismissed as irrelevant in the fight for human rights in Southeast Asia, we identify that there are reasons for cautious optimism that some Representatives are making headway in making AICHR fit-for-purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lua Nova is the property of CEDEC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summer camps can help children continue to learn beyond school, build knowledge, keep their learning skills sharp, and help them prepare for the following school year. This paper presents participants', facilitators', and researchers' experiences in a "Problem Solvers Camp" held in the Maker Lab at an Ontario University. A total of 12 junior students participated in a one-week summer camp, during which the participants developed plausible solutions for mathematical and instant problems using their creativity while learning some mathematical concepts. The creative learning spiral (CLS) model was adopted while designing the learning activities. Throughout the camp, children had the opportunity to work with virtual tech tools to design, create, and play to complete their challenges. Afterward, they shared their work for feedback and generated new ideas to promote their creative learning. The data were collected through observations, participants' work, and their portfolios to highlight the campers' experiences throughout the camp. On the last day of the camp, the researchers also ran focus group interviews. Data analysis showed that CLS might offer engaging environments that enhance children's creative and reflective thinking skills to solve real-life problems. This study enabled children to engage in all stages of the CLS during problem solving, encouraging the exchange of ideas and opinions. The implementation of the CLS model also has the potential to inspire creativity and enhance learners' fluency and elaboration skills, especially when complemented by technological or coding tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study conducts a multi-level analysis on the impact of international human rights norms and pressures, criticizing the spiral model from the field of International Relations. Using an analytical framework beyond state-centric perspectives, we explored three critical dimensions: the social origins of human rights violations, the political-legal intermediation within civil society, and the internal bureaucratic features of international human rights organizations. While influential, the spiral model falls short in comprehensively addressing these dimensions. Thus, in this article, we introduced theoretical and analytical reflections partly drawn from Global South studies to address these limitations.

The spiral model is one of the methods used to perform software engineering development and can also be used for development in other fields. This spiral model is the result of a modification from the combination of the waterfall model and prototyping model so that it has many advantages including in each result an evaluation will be carried out, carried out sequentially or systematically, and is more focused in carrying out risk analysis from each stage. Has a function in development to make changes, additions and developments by determining accuracy and speed based on needs. In its implementation the spiral model has been carried out in various fields, but the results of the implementation are not yet known in what scope and how many implementations each year. This study aims to identify the results of the implementation of the spiral model development with data obtained from related papers in the 2012-2022 range. The method used in this study is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the aim of identifying, reviewing, evaluating, and concluding all research on each relevant paper. The results showed that the spiral model development was mostly implemented in software development with a total of 19 papers and in the education sector as many as 17 papers, while the peak of the spiral model development was mostly implemented in 2016 and then increased again in 2021

Summer camps can help children continue to learn beyond school, build knowledge, keep their learning skills sharp, and help them prepare for the following school year. This paper presents participants’, facilitators’, and researchers’ experiences in a “Problem Solvers Camp” held in the Maker Lab at an Ontario University. A total of 12 junior students participated in a one-week summer camp, during which the participants developed plausible solutions for mathematical and instant problems using their creativity while learning some mathematical concepts. The creative learning spiral (CLS) model was adopted while designing the learning activities. Throughout the camp, children had the opportunity to work with virtual tech tools to design, create, and play to complete their challenges. Afterward, they shared their work for feedback and generated new ideas to promote their creative learning. The data were collected through observations, participants’ work, and their portfolios to highlight the campers’ experiences throughout the camp. On the last day of the camp, the researchers also ran focus group interviews. Data analysis showed that CLS might offer engaging environments that enhance children’s creative and reflective thinking skills to solve real-life problems. This study enabled children to engage in all stages of the CLS during problem solving, encouraging the exchange of ideas and opinions. The implementation of the CLS model also has the potential to inspire creativity and enhance learners’ fluency and elaboration skills, especially when complemented by technological or coding tools.

Water Distribution Networks (WDN) are amongst the six pillars of smart urban infrastructures which can be managed without or in connection with other smart grids. This research uses an adaptive study to review and compare the approaches and international experiences of smart WDNs. The comparative results initially verify that smart WDN can relatively reduce bursts, leakage, and the reaction time required for operation in comparison with SCADA. In addition, it improves asset management, social awareness about water consumption, the satisfaction of users, water quality, and the revenues of water companies. This study also outlines that smart WDN is a multidisciplinary issue and requires consecutive steps for implementation as described in the Spiral model. This conceptual model is more like a roadmap. It introduces a methodology for upgrading SCADA to smart WDNs and illuminates practical steps, in addition to the short and long term scopes, toward integrated supply and demand management of urban water. Here, the proposed methodology emphasizes pilot studies in different scales and conditions for the validation of integrated software-hardware system prior to any practice.

The objectives of this research were to: 1) Design and develop geographic information systems for the cultivation of plants and fruit trees for food production and agricultural tourism Phetchaburi Province. 2) Assess the quality of the geographic information system for the cultivation of plants and fruit trees for food production and agricultural tourism Phetchaburi Province. Tools and methods applied in the spiral model of system development life cycle (SDLC). The users of the information system consist farmers, agricultural district administrators, agricultural promotion officers, and local government administration who cultivate crops and fruit trees. Which from a simple random method in Phetchaburi Province. The research results were as follows: 1) The development of geographic information systems for crop cultivation and food production and agricultural tourism is at least 7 modules 28 functions. Showing geographical information, amount 3 base map is road route, provincial boundary and district boundary. The layer map shows the geographical position of plants and fruit trees. 10 layers are rice, bananas, coconuts, lemons, sugarcane, sugar cane, durian and vegetables. The map layer shows the geographical position of animal farms 4 layers (layers) are pigs, chickens, cows, and ducks. Map showing the position of plant and animal diseases 1 layer. Set the right for farmer, academic officers promoting agriculture, agricultural district/provincial administration and local administrative organizations to access different permissions. 2) The results of the quality evaluation of geographic information systems for crop and fruit plantation. To accuracy, easy understanding, has benefits for management and able to be used to manage. General users of farmers at high level (Mean = 3.523, S.D. = 1.061). The administrator of the agricultural academics was at a high level at the mean level (Mean = 3.628, S.D. = 1.016). The quality of use, report display and information presentation at high level (Mean = 3.514, S.D. = 1.078). And the overall quality in every aspect is at a high level (Mean = 3.562, S.D. = 1.050). Suggestions for data on each side of the plant that is diverse in each area. And implement a web chat.

Tactical concessions represent a critical juncture in the process of human rights change; depending on how they are used by autocrats or the opposition, they can either thwart or enable further improvements in human rights. This article argues that some truth commissions, traditionally examined with a transitional justice lens, should instead be considered as tactical concessions. In many ways, the two sets of theorised causal processes overlap significantly. By examining in detail Idi Amin's 1974 Commission of Inquiry into Disappearances in Uganda – the world's first (and mostly forgotten) truth commission – this paper explores the features of truth commissions which make thempotential tactical concessions: sites of active contestation between those who wish to advance human rights and those who do not,both domestically and internationally. The Amin caseprovides compelling evidence for both sets of causal processesand offers additional insights into the roles of information control and institutional norms in the spiral model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at employing selected criteria for a suitable Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method to achieve success in a software project. Various terms like life cycle of software development, Software Development Methodology (SDM), various phases of SDM, models of SDLC, benefits and drawbacks of models were discussed. Based on the review of literature, a comparative analysis was performed on various models of SDLC. Some criteria that determine the choice of a suitable model for software project success were identified. A comparison from different approaches was done using different parameters like analysis of requirement, development team’s status, participation of the user, type of project and risk associated based on the various criteria against different models. The results showed that the best suitable method was the spiral model for the success of the development of a software project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the issues of teaching mobile application development and, as a consequence, training of highly qualified in-demand mobile developers. Nowadays, training professional mobile developers is a crucial task all over the world. The researchers emphasize the complexity of mobile application development associated with its multidisciplinarity, the mobile device hardware limitations, the necessity of object-oriented programming in the mobile development. Due to the complexity of the mobile development field and the gap in programming knowledge of first-year students, there are fears that prepare highly qualified mobile developers during undergraduate education is impossible. In this regard, the article proposes a spiral model teaching mobile application development with the aim of effective training of mobile developers. The spiral model covers all levels of teaching programming from high school to higher education with aim to develop knowledge from introductory programming to mobile application development. The offered spiral model suggests the continuity in the content and overcoming the gap in programming knowledge between high school and higher education. Such a model is the most appropriate for the training of highly qualified mobile developers in the context of Kazakhstan's education system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to review and compare four of the widely used and referenced agile methods – Spiral model, Dynamic System Development Method, Scrum, and Extreme programming. These four methods are compared based on their process, roles, current research, project management, lifecycle coverage and practices. The result of this paper is a review and comparison of these four models, which shows that neither of the described methods provides full product life-cycle coverage. XP is concluded to be most specific when it comes to practical guidelines, but with a very limited scope. Other methods focus more on abstract principles. Spiral, DSDM and Scrum can be used as frameworks that can use other agile methods. Organizations should use principals and ideas behind these fours methods as inspiration when creating custom tailored development processes. This paper also provides a review of the current research on these four methods, therefore it can be used as a reference work for future studies.

Quality management is a crucial issue for most of the businesses to attain continuous improvement that leads to achieving the organization's mission. There have been many quality management approaches that have been proposed in the literature, however, most of them are slow and have rigid processes when moving from one cycle to another within the management structure to achieve the organization's mission. This paper proposes an efficient and flexible quality management model that integrates a software engineering development model within the Deming's quality model. The Boehm's software development spiral model is adopted with slight modification, such that within the organization's internal process, the final product or target is achieving the organization's mission. In this model, the process is performed in a spiral fashion, in which, for each cycle the organization gets closer to achieving its mission. The proposed model consists of three quality process levels with the flexibility to add or reduce managemental levels depending on the organization's hierarchy. A case study of educational quality management system is presented to illustrate the proposed quality model. The case study has shown that, the proposed model can help the organization in managing its processes efficiently and flexibly at different managemental levels to achieve its mission. As most organizations are reluctant in adopting some of the quality models because of their rigidity, the proposed quality management model may help organizations in implementing an efficient and flexible quality management model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports upon the efforts of three social work/social science academics in partnership with social and community practitioners, at radicalising community development (CD) within social work. The project was motivated by painful political events and processes unfolding around the world in 2017 and led to the design of a participatory action research approach with thirty-three practitioners. Engaging in several cycles of research (pre- and post questionnaires, observation, focus groups and interviews) and action learning (a popular education knowledge exchange day, a community of practice day and prototyping new projects) several new initiatives were implemented, including the formation of a new Popular Education Network. Reflections and discussion consider the implications of radicalising CD within social worker practice through combining education, organising and linking to progressive social movements. The article overall makes the case that popular education could be a crucial element in enabling the radicalisation of CD within social work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University students have tremendous energy that could be utilized to support their universities' visions and their societies. However, students face several problems to convert their innovative ideas into actionable projects. The problems are related to their personalities, monetary support, environment, and lack of mentoring. An innovative idea goes several steps to crystallize, develop, and then be evaluated to gain success. However, the innovation process is agile, unstable, and subject to the risk of failure. The spiral software engineering model is a development model for risky agile projects. Therefore, this paper proposes an iSpiral (innovative Sprial) model based on the original spiral software model. The iSpiral model starts with student ideas and ends with creative operational projects. The proposed model helps to mentor students' initiatives qualitatively over time. Compared with related innovative models over eight criteria extracted from the literature, the proposed model was found actionable and easy to use. The proposed iSpiral model was applied to a series of interrelated student ideas, switched unmanaged and risky initiatives into active-inspired projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates dynamics of mobilization over environmental and human rights norms in the context of undemocratic governments. We test the suggestion in norm diffusion theories that the success of domestic struggles in this context depends on the level of internalization of norms brought about by international pressure. We find that the internalization (or lack thereof) of global norms by the Government of Sudan does not explain its recognition of environmental justice claims in this case. Furthermore, the various litigation efforts pursued by affected people outside Sudan did not influence their campaign. However, a combination of the political climate in the country and a unique political interplay between the government and a distinct group of the affected people may have led to the singular success of their campaign. We use a combination of discourse analysis, legal analysis, norm mapping, and semi-structured interviews to reach conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether it is the persecution of the Rohingya, the disappearance of human rights activists, the general limiting of freedom of speech across the region, or the resumption of the arbitrary use of the death penalty, Southeast Asia can be said to be facing a human rights crisis. This human rights crisis is though occurring at a time when the region's institution, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), has never been so interested in human rights. After a lengthy period of time in which ASEAN either ignored, or paid lip service to human rights, the Association has created a human rights body – the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) – and adopted an ASEAN Human Rights Declaration (AHRD). In this article, I utilize the Spiral Model to explain how, when ASEAN member states are regressing in their commitment to human rights, an intergovernmental body continues to promote their commitment and lay the groundwork for their compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to analyze the problems existing in the development of rural road landscape ecology in China, the planning method of rural road ecological environment landscape from low carbon perspective is studied. In the planning and design of rural road ecological environment landscape from the low-carbon perspective, the spiral model is used to construct the framework system and design process of rural road ecological environment landscape planning and design. At the same time, the three-dimensional simulation technology is used for landscape planning to complete the rational planning of the rural road ecological environment landscape from the low-carbon perspective. The analytic hierarchy process and the comprehensive evaluation index are used to evaluate the planning effect of the proposed method. The results are as follows: After using the proposed method, the road ecological environment landscape evaluation value of a rural area is 3.71, and the state is good. The integrity of the landscape ecological structure is 0.999. The interval of the comprehensive evaluation index is [0.6054, 0.9414], in which the naturalness and diversity of the landscape are very good, and the shape, rarity, stability and suitability of the soil are good, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Uyghurs are a Muslim minority living in Xinjiang, north-west of China. The area came under Chinese control in the mid-18th century and since then these people have encountered cultural and religious persecutions under Chinese rule, especially prior to the 1980s. Nonetheless, the reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping in the 1980s have contributed to economic and social development in Xinjiang, at the very least. As a result, the Muslim Uyghurs were allowed to perform their religious obligations and practice their culture. Although there was been an overall improvement in human rights conditions in Xinjiang, however, these reforms have also resulted in an influx of Han Chinese into the province, thus resulting in the rise of tensions over cultural and religious differences between these two groups. This, in turn, has contributed to ethnic unrest in Xinjiang with Beijing reverting to its harsh policies of the past. In the light of these developments, the Uyghur diaspora community has made attempts to internationalise the plight of Xinjiang's Muslim Uyghurs. This article examines the reactions of transnational advocacy networks (TANs), like-minded states, and international organisations to human rights conditions in Xinjiang as well as the responses of the Chinese government to pressure from both external and internal actors. In doing so, this article has adopted the five-phase spiral model to analyse the changes in human rights conditions in Xinjiang.

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is a report on the findings of research and development into the instructional model 'enhancing Thai Generation Z' creative thinking with Scratch through the spiral mode. The purposes of this study are: 1) to develop; 2) to evaluate and gain experts' opinion on the proposed model, adapted from a creative thinking spiral first used in Scratch (Resnick, 2007a), based on Thailand's challenges. The proposed spiral model consists of ten steps: analyse, inspire, educate, imagine, create, experience, share, reflect, evaluate and imagine. The research was conducted through a semi-structured interview methodology whereby the questions were prepared and circulated to nine experts in advance. All of them agreed that using the spiral model, and by extension, Scratch, is an appropriate way to develop and improve creative thinking among Generation Z Thais. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]