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2. Variability of black carbon mass concentrations, sub-micrometer particle number concentrations and size distributions: results of the German Ultrafine Aerosol Network ranging from city street to High Alpine locations

Author

Sun, J., Birmili, W., Hermann, M., Tuch, T., Weinhold, K., Spindler, G., Schladitz, A., Bastian, S., Löschau, G., Cyrys, J., Gu, J., Flentje, H., Briel, B., Asbach, C., Kaminski, H., Ries, L., Sohmer, R., Gerwig, H., Wirtz, K., Meinhardt, F., Schwerin, A., Bath, O., Ma, N., and Wiedensohler, A.

Published
2019
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5. A European aerosol phenomenology-5: Climatology of black carbon optical properties at 9 regional background sites across Europe

Author

Zanatta, M., Gysel, M., Bukowiecki, N., Müller, T., Weingartner, E., Areskoug, H., Fiebig, M., Yttri, K.E., Mihalopoulos, N., Kouvarakis, G., Beddows, D., Harrison, R.M., Cavalli, F., Putaud, J.P., Spindler, G., Wiedensohler, A., Alastuey, A., Pandolfi, M., Sellegri, K., Swietlicki, E., Jaffrezo, J.L., Baltensperger, U., and Laj, P.

Published
2016
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21. Natural sea-salt emissions moderate the climate forcing of anthropogenic nitrate

Author

Chen, Y., Cheng, Y., Ma, N., Wei, C., Ran, L., Wolke, R., Größ, J., Wang, Q., Pozzer, A., Van Der Gon, H.A.C.D., Spindler, G., Lelieveld, J., Tegen, I., Su, H., Wiedensohler, A., Chen, Y., Cheng, Y., Ma, N., Wei, C., Ran, L., Wolke, R., Größ, J., Wang, Q., Pozzer, A., Van Der Gon, H.A.C.D., Spindler, G., Lelieveld, J., Tegen, I., Su, H., and Wiedensohler, A.

Abstract

Natural sea-salt aerosols, when interacting with anthropogenic emissions, can enhance the formation of particulate nitrate. This enhancement has been suggested to increase the direct radiative forcing of nitrate, called the “mass-enhancement effect”. Through a size-resolved dynamic mass transfer modeling approach, we show that interactions with sea salt shift the nitrate from sub- to super-micron-sized particles (“redistribution effect”), and hence this lowers its efficiency for light extinction and reduces its lifetime. The redistribution effect overwhelms the mass-enhancement effect and significantly moderates nitrate cooling; e.g., the nitrate-associated aerosol optical depth can be reduced by 10 %–20 % over European polluted regions during a typical sea-salt event, in contrast to an increase by ∼10 % when only accounting for the mass-enhancement effect. Global model simulations indicate significant redistribution over coastal and offshore regions worldwide. Our study suggests a strong buffering by natural sea-salt aerosols that reduces the climate forcing of anthropogenic nitrate, which had been expected to dominate the aerosol cooling by the end of the century. Comprehensive considerations of this redistribution effect foster better understandings of climate change and nitrogen deposition.

Published
2020

29. Abstracts of the 6th FECS Conference 1998 Lectures

Author

Rowland, F. Sherwood, Blake, Donald R., Larsen, B. R., Lindskog, Anne, Peterson, Peter J., Williams, W. Peter, Wallington, T. J., Pilling, M. J., Carslaw, N., Creasey, D. J., Heard, D. E., Jacobs, P., Lee, J., Lewis, A. C., McQuaid, J. B., Stockwell, William R., Frank, Hartmut, Sacco, P., Cocheo, V., Lynge, E., Andersen, A., Nilsson, R., Barlow, L., Pukkala, E., Nordlinder, R., Boffetta, P., Grandjean, P., Heikkil, P., Hürte, L. G., Jakobsson, R., Lundberg, I., Moen, B., Partanen, T., Riise, T., Borowiak, A., De Saeger, E., Schnitzler, K. G., Gravenhorst, G., Jacobi, H. W., Moelders, S., Lammel, G., Busch, G., Beese, F. O., Dentener, F. J., Feichter, J., Fraedrich, K., Roelofs, G. J., Friedrich, R., Reis, S., Voehringer, F., Simpson, D., Moussiopoulos, N., Sahm, P., Tourlou, P. M., Salmons, R., Papameletiou, D., Maqueda, J. M., Suhr, Per B., Bell, W., Paton-Walsh, C., Woods, P. T., Partridge, R. H., Slemr, J., Slemr, F., Schmidbauer, N., Ravishankara, A. R., Jenkin, Michael E., de Leeuw, G., van Eijk, A. M. J., Flossmann, A. I., Wobrock, W., Mestayer, P. G., Tranchant, B., Ljungström, E., Karlsson, R., Larsen, S. E., Roemer, M., Builtjes, P. J. H., Koffi, Brigitte, Koffi, Ernest N’Dri, De Saeger, Emile, Ro-Poulsen, H., Mikkelsen, T. N., Hummelshøj, P., Hovmand, M. F., Simoneit, Bernd R. T., van der Meulen, A., Meyer, Michael B., Berndt, T., Böge, O., Stratmann, F., Cass, Glen R., Harrison, Roy M., Shi, Ji Ping, Hoffmann, T., Warscheid, B., Bandur, R., Marggraf, U., Nigge, W., Kamens, Richard, Jang, Myoseon, Strommen, Mike, Chien, Chao-Jung, Leach, Keri, Ammann, M., Kalberer, M., Arens, F., Lavanchy, V., Gâggeler, H. W., Baltensperger, U., Davies, J. A., Cox, R. A., Alonso, S. García, Pastor, R. Pérez, Argüello, Gustavo A., Willner, Helge, Berndt, T., Böge, O., Bogillo, V. I., Pokrovskiy, V. A., Kuraev, O. V., Gozhyk, P. F., Bolzacchini, E., Bruschi, M., Fantucci, P., Meinardi, S., Orlandi, M., Rindone, B., Bolzacchini, Ezio, Bohn, Birger, Rindone, Bruno, Bruschi, Maurizo, Zetzsch, Cornelius, Brussol, C., Duane, M., Larsen, B., Carlier, P., Kotzias, D., Caracena, A. Baeza, Aznar, A. Miñana, Ferradás, E. González, Christensen, C. S., Skov, H., Hummelshøj, P., Jensen, N. O., Lohse, C., Cocheo, V., Sacco, P., Chatzis, C., Cocheo, V., Sacco, P., Boaretto, C., Quaglio, F., Zaratin, L., Pagani, D., Cocheo, L., Cocheo, Vincenzo, Asnar, Agustin Minana, Baldan, Annerita, Ballesta, Pascual P., Boaretto, Caterina, Caracena, Antonia B., Ferradas, Enrique Gonzalez, Gonzalez-Flesca, Nobert, Goelen, Eddie, Hansen, Asger B., Sacco, Paolo, De Saeger, Emile, Skov, Henrik, Consonni, V., Gramatica, P., Santagostino, A., Galvani, P., Bolzacchini, E., Consonni, Viviana, Gramatica, Paola, Todeschini, Roberto, Dippel, G., Reinhardt, H., Zellner, R., Dämmer, K., Bednarek, G., Breil, M., Zellner, R., Febo, A., Allegrini, I., Giliberti, C., Perrino, C., Fogg, P. G. T., Geiger, H., Barnes, I., Becker, K. H., Maurer, T., Geyskens, F., Bormans, R., Lambrechts, M., Goelen, E., Giese, Martina, Frank, Hartmut, Glasius, M., Hornung, P., Jacobsen, J. K., Klausen, H. S., Klitgaard, K. C., Møller, C. K., Petersen, A. P. F., Petersen, L. S., Wessel, S., Hansen, T. S., Lohse, C., Boaretto, E., Heinemeier, J., Glasius, M., Di Bella, D., Lahaniati, M., Calogirou, A., Jensen, N. R., Hjorth, J., Kotzias, D., Larsen, B. R., Gonzalez-Flesca, N., Cicolella, A., Bates, M., Bastin, E., Gurbanov, M. A., Akhmedly, K. M., Balayev, V. S., Haselmann, K. F., Ketola, R., Laturnus, F., Lauritsen, F. R., Grøn, C., Herrmann, H., Ervens, B., Reese, A., Umschlag, Th., Wicktor, F., Zellner, R., Herrmann, H., Umschlag, Th., Müller, K., Bolzacchini, E., Meinardi, S., Rindone, B., Jenkin, Michael E., Hayman, Garry D., Jensen, N. O., Courtney, M., Hummelshøj, P., Christensen, C. S., Larsen, B. R., Johnson, Matthew S., Hegelund, Flemming, Nelander, Bengt, Kirchner, Frank, Klotz, B., Barnes, Ian, Sørensen, S., Becker, K. H., Etzkorn, T., Platt, U., Wirtz, K., Martín-Reviejo, M., Laturnus, Frank, Martinez, E., Cabañas, B., Aranda, A., Martín, P., Salgado, S., Rodriguez, D., Masclet, P., Jaffrezo, J. L., Hillamo, R., Mellouki, A., Le Calvé, S., Le Bras, G., Moriarty, J., O’Donnell, S., Wenger, J., Sidebottom, H., Mingarrol, M. T. Bomboi, Cosin, S., Pastor, R. Pérez, Alonso, S. García, Sanz, M. J., Bravo, I., Gonzalez, D., Pérez, M. A., Mustafaev, Islam, Mammadova, Saida, Noda, J., Hallquist, M., Langer, S., Ljungström, E., Nohara, K., Kutsuna, S., Ibusuki, T., Oehme, Michael, Kölliker, Stephan, Brombacher, Stephan, Merz, Leo, Pastor, R. Pérez, Alonso, S. García, Cabezas, A. Quejido, Peeters, J., Vereecken, L., El Yazal, J., Pfeffer, Hans-Ulrich, Breuer, Ludger, Platz, J., Nielsen, O. J., Sehested, J., Wallington, T. J., Ball, J. C., Hurley, M. D., Straccia, A. M., Schneider, W. F., Pérez-Casany, M. P., Nebot-Gil, I., Sánchez-Marín, J., Putz, E., Folberth, G., Pfister, G., Weissflog, L., Elansky, N. P., Sørensen, Søren, Barnes, Ian, Becker, K. H., Shao, M., Heiden, A. C., Kley, D., Rockel, P., Wildt, J., Silva, G. V. A., Vasconcelos, M. T., Fernandes, E. O., Santos, A. M. S., Skov, Henrik, Hansen, Asger, Løfstrøm, Per, Lorenzen, Gitte, Stabel, J. R., Wolkoff, P., Pedersen, T., Strom, A. B., Skov, Henrik, Hertel, Ole, Jensen, Finn Palmgren, Hjorth, Jens, Galle, Bosse, Wallin, Svante, Theloke, J., Libuda, H. G., Zabel, F., Touaty, Muriel, Bonsang, Bernard, Ullerstam, M., Langer, S., Ljungström, E., Wenger, John, Bonard, Amélie, Manning, Marcus, Nolan, Sinéad, O’Sullivan, Niamh, Sidebottom, Howard, Wenger, John, Collins, Eoin, Moriarty, Jennie, O’Donnell, Sinéad, Sidebottom, Howard, Wenger, John, Collins, Eoin, Moriarty, Jennie, O’Donnell, Sinéad, Sidebottom, Howard, Wenger, John, Sidebottom, Howard, Chadwick, Paul, O’Leary, Barbara, Treacy, Jack, Wolkoff, Peder, Clausen, Per A., Wilkins, Cornelius K., Hougaard, Karin S., Nielsen, Gunnar D., Zilinskis, Viktors, Jansons, Guntis, Peksens, Aigars, Lazdins, Agris, Arinci, Y. V., Erdöl, N., Ekinci, E., Okutan, H., Manlafalioglu, I., Bakeas, Evangelos B., Siskos, Panayotis A., Viras, Loizos G., Smirnioudi, Vasiliki N., Bottenheim, Jan W., Biesenthal, Thomas, Gong, Wanmin, Makar, Paul, Delmas, Véronique, Menard, Tamara, Tatry, Véronique, Moussafir, Jacques, Thomas, Dominique, Coppalle, Alexis, Ellermann, Thomas, Hertel, Ole, Skov, Henrik, Frohn, Lise, Manscher, Ole H., Friis, Jørgen, Girgzdiene, Rasa, Girgzdys, Aloyzas, Gurevich, N. A., Gårdfeldt, Katarina, Langer, Sarka, Hermans, C., Vandaele, A. C., Carleer, M., Fally, S., Colin, R., Bernath, P. F., Jenouvrier, A., Coquart, B., Mérienne, M. -F., Hertel, Ole, Frohn, Lise, Skov, Henrik, Ellermann, Thomas, Huntrieser, H., Schlager, H., Feigl, C., Kemp, Kåre, Palmgren, Finn, Kiilsholm, Sissi, Rasmussen, Alix, Sørensen, Jens Havskov, Klemm, Otto, Lange, Holger, Larsen, René Wugt, Larsen, Niels Wessel, Nicolaisen, Flemming, Sørensen, Georg Ole, Beukes, Jon Are, Larsen, Poul Bo, Jensen, Steen Solvang, Fenger, Jes, de Leeuw, Gerrit, Kunz, Gerard, Cohen, Leo, Schlünzen, Heinke, Muller, Frank, Schulz, Michael, Tamm, Susanne, Geernaert, Gary, Hertel, Ole, Pedersen, Britta, Geernaert, Lise Lotte Sørensen, Lund, Søren, Vignati, Elisabetta, Jickells, Tim, Spokes, Lucinda, Matei, C., Jinga, O. A., Jinga, D. C., Moliner, R., Braekman-Danheux, C., Fontana, A., Suelves, I., Thieman, T., Vassilev, S., Skov, Henrik, Hertel, Ole, Zlatev, Zahari, Brandt, Jørgen, Bastrup-Birk, Annemarie, Ellermann, Thomas, Frohn, Lise, Vandaele, A. C., Hermans, C., Carleer, M., Tsouli, A., Colin, R., Windsperger, Andreas M., Turi, Kristina, Dworak, Oliver, Zellweger, C., Weingartner, E., Rüttimann, R., Hofer, P., Baltensperger, U., Ziv, A., Iakovleva, E., Palmgren, F., Berkovicz, R., Skov, H., Alastuey, A., Querol, X., Chaves, A., Lopez-Soler, A., Ruiz, C., Andrees, J. M., Allegrini, I., Febo, A., Giusto, M., Angeloni, M., Di Filippo, P., D’Innocenzio, F., Lepore, L., Marconi, A., Arshinov, M. Yu., Belan, B. D., Davydov, D. K., Kovaleskii, V. K., Plotinov, A. P., Pokrovskii, E. V., Sklyadneva, T. K., Tolmachev, G. N., Arshinov, M. Yu., Belan, B. D., Sklyadneva, T. K., Behnke, Wolfgang, Elend, Manfred, Krüger, Ulrich, Zetzsch, Cornelius, Belan, B. D., Arshinov, M. Yu., Davydov, D. K., Kovalevskii, V. K., Plotnikov, A. P., Pokrovskii, E. V., Rasskazchikova, T. M., Sklyadneva, T. K., Tolmachev, G. N., Belan, B. D., Arshinov, M. Yu., Simonenkov, D. V., Tolmachev, G. N., Bilde, Merete, Aker, Pamela M., Börensen, C., Kirchner, U., Scheer, V., Vogt, R., Ellermann, T., Geernaert, L. L. S., Pryor, S. C., Barthelmie, R. J., Feilberg, Anders, Nielsen, Torben, Kamens, Richard M., Freitas, M. C., Marques, A. P., Reis, M. A., Alves, L. C., Ilyinskikh, N. N., Ilyinskikh, I. N., Ilyinskikh, E. N., Johansen, Keld, Stavnsbjerg, Peter, Gabrielsson, Pär, Bak, Flemming, Andersen, Erik, Autrup, Herman, Kamens, Richard, Jang, Myoseon, Strommen, Michael, Leach, Keri, Kirchner, U., Scheer, V., Börensen, C., Vogt, R., Igor, Komov, Svjatoslav, Galiy, Anatoliy, Burlak, Komov, I. L., Istchenko, A. A., Lourenço, M. G., MacTavish, D., Sirois, A., Masclet, Pierre, Jaffrezo, Jean Luc, van der Meulen, A., Milukaite, A., Morkunas, V., Jurgutis, P., Mikelinskiene, A., Nielsen, Torben, Feilberg, Anders, Binderup, Mona Lise, Pineda, M., Palacios, J. M., Garcia, E., Cilleruelo, C., Moliner, R., Popovitcheva, O. B., Trukhin, M. E., Persiantseva, N. M., Buriko, Yu, Starik, A. M., Demirdjian, B., Suzanne, J., Probst, T. U., Rietz, B., Alfassi, Z. B., Pokrovskiy, V. A., Zenobi, R., Bogatyr’ov, V. M., Gun’ko, V. M., Querol, X., Alastuey, A., Lopez-Soler, A., Mantilla, E., Plana, F., Artiño, B., Rauterberg-Wulff, A., Israël, G. W., Rocha, Teresa A. P., Duarte, Armando C., Röhrl, Andreas, Lammel, Gerhard, Spindler, G., Müller, K., Herrmann, H., Strommen, Michael R., Vignati, Elisabetta, de Leeuw, Gerrit, and Berkowicz, Ruwim

Published
1998
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31. Dry Deposition Monitoring in Europe

Author

Erisman, J. W., primary, Hensen, A., additional, Fowler, D., additional, Flechard, C. R., additional, Grüner, A., additional, Spindler, G., additional, Duyzer, J. H., additional, Weststrate, H., additional, Römer, F., additional, Vonk, A. W., additional, and Jaarsveld, H. V., additional

Published
2001
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38. A Parameterization of Heterogeneous Hydrolysis of N2O5 for 3-D Atmospheric Modelling

Author

Mensink, Clemens, Gong, Wanmin, Hakami, Amir, Wolke, R., Chen, Y., Schröder, W., Spindler, G., Wiedensohler, A., Mensink, Clemens, Gong, Wanmin, Hakami, Amir, Wolke, R., Chen, Y., Schröder, W., Spindler, G., and Wiedensohler, A.

Abstract

During night-time, the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N 2O 5 on the surface of deliquescent aerosol particles represents a major source for the formation of HNO 3 and leads to an important reduction of NO x in the atmosphere. In Chen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18:673–689, 2018 [5], we investigate an improved parameterization of the heterogeneous N 2O 5 hydrolysis. This approach is based on laboratory experiments and takes into account the temperature, relative humidity, aerosol particle composition as well as the surface area concentration. The parametrization was implemented in the online coupled model system COSMO-MUSCAT (Consortium for Small-scale Modelling and Multi-Scale Chemistry Aerosol Transport, https://cosmo-muscat.tropos.de). In Chen et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18:673–689, 2018 [5], the modified model was applied for the simulation of the HOPE-Melpitz campaign (10–25 September 2013) where especially the nitrate prediction over western and central Europe was analysed. The modelled particulate nitrate concentrations were compared with filter measurements over Germany. In this first study, the particulate nitrate results are significantly improved by using the developed N 2O 5 parametrization, particularly if the particulate nitrate was dominated by the local chemical formation (September 12, 17–18 and 25). The aim of the current study consists in an evaluation over a longer time period for different meteorological conditions and emission situations. For this reason, we have simulated the period from March to November 2010. The results were compared with other approaches and evaluated by filter measurements. The improvement was confirmed for the results in spring and autumn, but nitrate is strongly over-predicted also for the new parametrization during the summer time.

Published
2018

39. Enabling analytics on sensitive medical data with secure multi-party computation

Author

Veeningen, M. (Meilof), Chatterjea, S. (Supriyo), Horváth, A.Z. (Anna Zsófia), Spindler, G. (Gerald), Boersma, E. (Eric), Spek, P. (Peter) van der, Galiën, O. (Onno) van der, Gutteling, J. (Job), Kraaij, W. (Wessel), Veugen, P.J.M. (Thijs), Veeningen, M. (Meilof), Chatterjea, S. (Supriyo), Horváth, A.Z. (Anna Zsófia), Spindler, G. (Gerald), Boersma, E. (Eric), Spek, P. (Peter) van der, Galiën, O. (Onno) van der, Gutteling, J. (Job), Kraaij, W. (Wessel), and Veugen, P.J.M. (Thijs)

Abstract

While there is a clear need to apply data analytics in the healthcare sector, this is often difficult because it requires combining sensitive data from multiple data sources. In this paper, we show how the cryptographic technique of secure multiparty computation can enable such data analytics by performing analytics without the need to share the underlying data. We discuss the issue of compliance to European privacy legislation; report on three pilots bringing these techniques closer to practice; and discuss the main challenges ahead to make fully privacy-preserving data analytics in the medical sector commonplace.

Published
2018
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40. A parameterization of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 break for mass-based aerosol models:improvement of break particulate nitrate prediction

Author

Chen, Ying, Wolke, R., Ran, L., Birmili, W., Spindler, G., Schröder, W., Su, H., Cheng, Y., Tegen, I., Wiedensohler, A., Chen, Ying, Wolke, R., Ran, L., Birmili, W., Spindler, G., Schröder, W., Su, H., Cheng, Y., Tegen, I., and Wiedensohler, A.

Abstract

The heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 on the surface of deliquescent aerosol leads to HNO3 formation and acts as a major sink of NOx in the atmosphere during night-time. The reaction constant of this heterogeneous hydrolysis is determined by temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), aerosol particle composition, and the surface area concentration (S). However, these parameters were not comprehensively considered in the parameterization of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 in previous mass-based 3-D aerosol modelling studies. In this investigation, we propose a sophisticated parameterization (NewN2O5) of N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis with respect to T, RH, aerosol particle compositions, and S based on laboratory experiments. We evaluated closure between NewN2O5 and a state-of-the-art parameterization based on a sectional aerosol treatment. The comparison showed a good linear relationship (R = 0.91) between these two parameterizations. NewN2O5 was incorporated into a 3-D fully online coupled model, COSMO–MUSCAT, with the mass-based aerosol treatment. As a case study, we used the data from the HOPE Melpitz campaign (10–25 September 2013) to validate model performance. Here, we investigated the improvement of nitrate prediction over western and central Europe. The modelled particulate nitrate mass concentrations ([NO3−]) were validated by filter measurements over Germany (Neuglobsow, Schmücke, Zingst, and Melpitz). The modelled [NO3−] was significantly overestimated for this period by a factor of 5–19, with the corrected NH3 emissions (reduced by 50 %) and the original parameterization of N2O5 heterogeneous hydrolysis. The NewN2O5 significantly reduces the overestimation of [NO3−] by ∼ 35 %. Particularly, the overestimation factor was reduced to approximately 1.4 in our case study (12, 17–18 and 25 September 2013) when [NO3−] was dominated by local chemical formations. In our case, the suppression of organic coating was negligible over western and central Europe, wi

Published
2018

41. The State of the Art of Product Liability in the Netherlands

Author

Giesen, I., de Jong, E.R., Muslat, Tarik, Kullmann, H-J, Pfister, B., Stohr, K., Spindler, G., Sub Burgerlijk Recht, and UCALL / Aansprakelijkheid en verantwoordelijkheid

Subjects
sejf driving cars, Taverne, new technology, nanothenology, Product liability
Published
2017

42. The State of the Art of Product Liability in the Netherlands

Author

Sub Burgerlijk Recht, UCALL / Aansprakelijkheid en verantwoordelijkheid, Giesen, I., de Jong, E.R., Muslat, Tarik, Kullmann, H-J, Pfister, B., Stohr, K., Spindler, G., Sub Burgerlijk Recht, UCALL / Aansprakelijkheid en verantwoordelijkheid, Giesen, I., de Jong, E.R., Muslat, Tarik, Kullmann, H-J, Pfister, B., Stohr, K., and Spindler, G.

Published
2017

45. Sea salt emission, transport and influence on size-segregated nitrate simulation: A case study in northwestern Europe by WRF-Chem

Author

Chen, Y., Cheng, Y., Ma, N., Wolke, R., Nordmann, S., Schüttauf, S., Ran, L., Wehner, B., Birmili, W., Gon, H.A.C.D. van der, Mu, Q., Barthel, S., Spindler, G., Stieger, B., Müller, K., Zheng, G.J., Pöschl, U., Su, H., and Wiedensohler, A.

Subjects
2015 Urban Mobility & Environment, Urbanisation, CAS - Climate, Air and Sustainability, ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences, Environment, Environment & Sustainability
Abstract

Sea salt aerosol (SSA) is one of the major components of primary aerosols and has significant impact on the formation of secondary inorganic particles mass on a global scale. In this study, the fully online coupled WRFChem model was utilized to evaluate the SSA emission scheme and its influence on the nitrate simulation in a case study in Europe during 10-20 September 2013. Meteorological conditions near the surface, wind pattern and thermal stratification structure were well reproduced by the model. Nonetheless, the coarse-mode (PM1-10) particle mass concentration was substantially overestimated due to the overestimation of SSA and nitrate. Compared to filter measurements at four EMEP stations (coastal stations: Bilthoven, Kollumerwaard and Vredepeel; inland station: Melpitz), the model overestimated SSA concentrations by a factor of 8-20. We found that this overestimation was mainly caused by overestimated SSA emissions over the North Sea during 16-20 September. Over the coastal regions, SSA was injected into the continental free troposphere through an "aloft bridge" (about 500 to 1000m above the ground), a result of the different thermodynamic properties and planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure between continental and marine regions. The injected SSA was further transported inland and mixed downward to the surface through downdraft and PBL turbulence. This process extended the influence of SSA to a larger downwind region, leading, for example, to an overestimation of SSA at Melpitz, Germany, by a factor of ∼20. As a result, the nitrate partitioning fraction (ratio between particulate nitrate and the summation of particulate nitrate and gas-phase nitric acid) increased by about 20%for the coarsemode nitrate due to the overestimation of SSA at Melpitz. However, no significant difference in the partitioning fraction for the fine-mode nitrate was found. About 140% overestimation of the coarse-mode nitrate resulted from the influence of SSA at Melpitz. In contrast, the overestimation of SSA inhibited the nitrate particle formation in the fine mode by about 20% because of the increased consumption of precursor by coarse-mode nitrate formation. © Author(s) 2016.

Published
2016

46. Air pollution trends in the EMEP region between 1990 and 2012. Joint Report of the EMEP Task Force on Measurements and Modelling (TFMM), Chemical Co-ordinating Centre (CCC), Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-East (MSC-E), Meteorological Synthesizing Centre-West (MSC-W)

Author

Colette, A., Aas, W., Banin, L., Braban, C., Ferm, M., Ortiz, A., Ilyin, I., Mar, K., Pandolfi, M., Putaud, J., Shatalov, V., Solberg, S., Spindler, G., Tarasova, O., Vana, M., Adani, M., Almodovar, P., Berton, E., Bessagnet, B., Bohlin-Nizzetto, P., Boruvkova, J., Breivik, K., Briganti, G., Cappelletti, A., Cuvelier, K., Derwent, R., D'Isidoro, M., Fagerli, H., Funk, C., Vivanco, M., Haeuber, R., Hueglin, C., Jenkins, S., Kerr, J., de Leeuw, F., Lynch, J., Manders, A., Mircea, M., Pay, M., Pritula, D., Querol, X., Raffort, V., Reiss, I., Roustan, Y., Sauvage, S., Scavo, K., Simpson, D., Smith, R., Tang, Y., Theobald, M., Tørseth, K., Tsyro, S., van Pul, A., Vidic, S., Wallasch, M., and Wind, P.

Published
2016

47. Meteorological and trace gas factors affecting the number concentration of atmospheric Aitken (Dp = 50 nm) particles in the continental boundary layer: parameterization using a multivariate mixed effects model

Author

Mikkonen, S., Korhonen, H., Romakkaniemi, S., Smith, J. N., Joutsensaari, J., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Hamed, A., Breider, T. J., Birmili, W., Spindler, G., Plass-Duelmer, C., Facchini, M. C., and Laaksonen, A.

Subjects
lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QE1-996.5
Abstract

Measurements of aerosol size distribution and different gas and meteorological parameters, made in three polluted sites in Central and Southern Europe: Po Valley, Italy, Melpitz and Hohenpeissenberg in Germany, were analysed for this study to examine which of the meteorological and trace gas variables affect the number concentration of Aitken (Dp= 50 nm) particles. The aim of our study was to predict the number concentration of 50 nm particles by a combination of in-situ meteorological and gas phase parameters. The statistical model needs to describe, amongst others, the factors affecting the growth of newly formed aerosol particles (below 10 nm) to 50 nm size, but also sources of direct particle emissions in that size range. As the analysis method we used multivariate nonlinear mixed effects model. Hourly averages of gas and meteorological parameters measured at the stations were used as predictor variables; the best predictive model was attained with a combination of relative humidity, new particle formation event probability, temperature, condensation sink and concentrations of SO2, NO2 and ozone. The seasonal variation was also taken into account in the mixed model structure. Model simulations with the Global Model of Aerosol Processes (GLOMAP) indicate that the parameterization can be used as a part of a larger atmospheric model to predict the concentration of climatically active particles. As an additional benefit, the introduced model framework is, in theory, applicable for any kind of measured aerosol parameter.

Published
2011

49. Evaluation of the size segregation of elemental carbon (EC) emission in Europe:influence on the simulation of EC long-range transportation

Author

Chen, Ying, Cheng, Y.-F., Nordmann, S., Birmili, W., Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., Ma, N., Wolke, R., Wehner, B., Sun, J., Spindler, G., Mu, Q., Pöschl, U., Su, H., Wiedensohler, A., Chen, Ying, Cheng, Y.-F., Nordmann, S., Birmili, W., Denier van der Gon, H. A. C., Ma, N., Wolke, R., Wehner, B., Sun, J., Spindler, G., Mu, Q., Pöschl, U., Su, H., and Wiedensohler, A.

Abstract

Elemental Carbon (EC) has a significant impact on human health and climate change. In order to evaluate the size segregation of EC emission in the EUCAARI inventory and investigate its influence on the simulation of EC long-range transportation in Europe, we used the fully coupled online Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry model (WRF-Chem) at a resolution of 2 km focusing on a region in Germany, in conjunction with a high-resolution EC emission inventory. The ground meteorology conditions, vertical structure and wind pattern were well reproduced by the model. The simulations of particle number and/or mass size distributions were evaluated with observations at the central European background site Melpitz. The fine mode particle concentration was reasonably well simulated, but the coarse mode was substantially overestimated by the model mainly due to the plume with high EC concentration in coarse mode emitted by a nearby point source. The comparisons between simulated EC and Multi-angle Absorption Photometers (MAAP) measurements at Melpitz, Leipzig-TROPOS and Bösel indicated that the coarse mode EC (ECc) emitted from the nearby point sources might be overestimated by a factor of 2–10. The fraction of ECc was overestimated in the emission inventory by about 10–30 % for Russia and 5–10 % for Eastern Europe (e.g., Poland and Belarus). This incorrect size-dependent EC emission results in a shorter atmospheric life time of EC particles and inhibits the long-range transport of EC. A case study showed that this effect caused an underestimation of 20–40 % in the EC mass concentration in Germany under eastern wind pattern.

Published
2016

50. Sea salt emission, transport and influence on size-segregated nitrate simulation:a case study in northwestern Europe by WRF-Chem

Author

Chen, Ying, Cheng, Y., Ma, N., Wolke, R., Nordmann, S., Schüttauf, S., Ran, L., Wehner, B., Birmili, W., van der Gon, H. A. C. D., Mu, Q., Barthel, S., Spindler, G., Stieger, B., Müller, K., Zheng, G.-J., Pöschl, U., Su, H., Wiedensohler, A., Chen, Ying, Cheng, Y., Ma, N., Wolke, R., Nordmann, S., Schüttauf, S., Ran, L., Wehner, B., Birmili, W., van der Gon, H. A. C. D., Mu, Q., Barthel, S., Spindler, G., Stieger, B., Müller, K., Zheng, G.-J., Pöschl, U., Su, H., and Wiedensohler, A.

Abstract

Sea salt aerosol (SSA) is one of the major components of primary aerosols and has significant impact on the formation of secondary inorganic particles mass on a global scale. In this study, the fully online coupled WRF-Chem model was utilized to evaluate the SSA emission scheme and its influence on the nitrate simulation in a case study in Europe during 10–20 September 2013. Meteorological conditions near the surface, wind pattern and thermal stratification structure were well reproduced by the model. Nonetheless, the coarse-mode (PM1 − 10) particle mass concentration was substantially overestimated due to the overestimation of SSA and nitrate. Compared to filter measurements at four EMEP stations (coastal stations: Bilthoven, Kollumerwaard and Vredepeel; inland station: Melpitz), the model overestimated SSA concentrations by a factor of 8–20. We found that this overestimation was mainly caused by overestimated SSA emissions over the North Sea during 16–20 September. Over the coastal regions, SSA was injected into the continental free troposphere through an “aloft bridge” (about 500 to 1000 m above the ground), a result of the different thermodynamic properties and planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure between continental and marine regions. The injected SSA was further transported inland and mixed downward to the surface through downdraft and PBL turbulence. This process extended the influence of SSA to a larger downwind region, leading, for example, to an overestimation of SSA at Melpitz, Germany, by a factor of ∼ 20. As a result, the nitrate partitioning fraction (ratio between particulate nitrate and the summation of particulate nitrate and gas-phase nitric acid) increased by about 20 % for the coarse-mode nitrate due to the overestimation of SSA at Melpitz. However, no significant difference in the partitioning fraction for the fine-mode nitrate was found. About 140 % overestimation of the coarse-mode nitrate resulted from the influence of SSA at Melpitz.

Published
2016

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