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In France, breastfeeding prevalence is high at birth, but its continuation remains low compared with other high-income countries, despite worldwide public health recommendations. Midwives offer parenting classes in an experimental manner without considering the importance of education in their interventions. The objectives of this study were to identify the teaching strategies and learning environments offered by midwives and their effect on women's perception of usefulness and their breastfeeding competence, to assess midwives' perception of usefulness and their pedagogical competencies. A comparative mixed study of 20 hospital midwives and 53 breastfeeding women (at 3 and 30 days postpartum) was conducted between January and August 2022 in two maternity units in France. Comparing the two periods, positive effects were found about breastfeeding women's level of knowledge: usefulness of learning theoretical (p=0.01) and practical (p=0.00) knowledge; and their breastfeeding management: signs of lactation (p=0.00), breast engorgement (p=0.04), and behavior (p=0.04). It positively reinforced the development of self-esteem (p=0.00) and commitment to breastfeeding (p=0.00). Midwives expressed strong motivation to use an appropriate teaching strategy and provide a supportive learning environment for women to improve their educational interventions (mean motivation score 7.7/10). The study results can promote research to examine educational interventions modeled according to the theories in education. Critical realism can be used to evaluate these interventions to elucidate how a program based on educational engineering can contribute to breastfeeding promotion and achieving the 2030 goals of WHO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) presents many drug properties that increase its therapeutic use. There are, indeed, different research pathways in numerous autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases, as well as in cancerology. HCQ is only marketed as HCQ sulfate in film-coated or coated tablets for oral use. No pediatric liquid form is currently available on the market. The purpose of the present study is to develop oral liquid formulations for HCQ at 50 mg/mL with two different oral vehicle suspensions, namely ORA-Plus®/ORA-Sweet® (ORA) and Syrspend® SF PH 4 (SYR).

Objectives: The aim of this paper is to use the Preliminary Risk Analysis (PRA) method to assess the criticality of the different stages in the process of preparing parenteral nutrition bags for use in neonatal resuscitation and, if necessary, improve the handling of the process itself.

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Introduction: The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to the age of 6 months has become a global public health issue due to its benefits for newborns and mothers. As a result, WHO and UNICEF expect that by 2030, 75% of children will be fed breast milk. However, the recommendations for its promotion are still generalized. Objectives: To describe teaching strategies and environments conducive to women's learning of EBF implemented by care professionals. Methods: This review was based on articles published between June 2012 and January 2020. Three databases (CINAHL, PubMed, and Embase) were queried. Results: A total of 7,710 articles were pre-selected, of which 78 met the criteria for final selection. Educational interventions were mostly diversified, empirical, and without pedagogical engineering. However, the presence of pedagogical alignment regarding teaching strategies seems to have a favorable effect on the choice of breastfeeding and its duration at medium and long term. Conclusion: These results, coupled with the exploitation of experience-based knowledge in the field of breastfeeding, should lead to an initial pedagogical model. Evaluated according to critical realism, this should make it possible to identify the key functions that will enrich the tested pedagogical model and ensure its transferability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Taking medication during breastfeeding is often a major concern for mothers. Knowledge, representations, and attitudes condition a mother's behavior in this situation. Healthcare professionals, whose medication advice for breastfeeding women is often described in scientific literature as inappropriate, play a major role in counseling mothers. Healthcare professionals' perceptions of mothers' behaviors regarding medication use during breastfeeding may influence mothers' behaviors. Research Aim: The aim of this study was to identify healthcare professionals' perceptions of breastfeeding women's knowledge, representations, and attitudes and behaviors about medication use. Method: A cross-sectional, prospective qualitative design was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a broad array of healthcare professionals (N = 20) in different practice settings in the Angers area (France). Thematic analysis of the interview transcripts was carried out using the planned behavior theory of Ajzen. Results: Seventy themes concerning medication use while breastfeeding were identified and then combined into 8 categories. Healthcare professionals perceived that maternal behaviors regarding medication were mostly focused on the child's safety and were linked to poor knowledge and negative representations, attitudes, and feelings toward medication. Healthcare professionals also perceived significant negative influences from the mother's friends and family in regard to breastfeeding. Relationships between healthcare professionals and women were problematic when it came to drug use during breastfeeding. Conclusion: Taking into account healthcare professionals' perceptions of maternal behavior will help improve education for these professionals. Indeed, knowing precisely what difficulties are met by healthcare professionals when they encounter medication use during breastfeeding can help educators improve training for these professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breastfeeding is a major public health issue in terms of its benefits to both mothers and infants. Despite recommendations, breastfeeding initiation and duration are low in many industrialized countries. Although human milk is viewed as the most appropriate food for infants, when it is perceived as contaminated, doubts about its quality can lead to negative behaviors concerning breastfeeding. This is especially true when mothers are taking medication. Research aim: The aim of this review is to evaluate the data in the literature on the knowledge, representations, attitudes, and behaviors of women with regard to taking medication while breastfeeding. These elements should aid our understanding of how the mothers’ behaviors are constructed in this situation. Methods: The authors conducted a scoping review to map and analyze the available data from literature sources regarding breastfeeding mothers’ knowledge, representations, attitudes, and behaviors about medicines. A staged approach to the scoping review was used. Results: Eighteen studies met the selection criteria. They described safety behaviors like noninitiation, duration reduction, breastfeeding cessation, and refusal to take medication in order to breastfeed. Most showed a conflict between taking medication and breastfeeding. Because the knowledge, representations, and attitudes behind such behaviors have received very little study, it is difficult to explain how these behaviors are constructed. Conclusion: The results of this review confirm the need for a qualitative study to explore the knowledge, representations, and attitudes of breastfeeding women faced with taking medications, so that we can understand their connection with observed behaviors and take appropriate educational action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Pharmacist intervention at a geriatric day hospital dedicated to older patients with a recent history of falls was associated with fewer incident serious falls compared with usual care only. • Pharmacist intervention enabled potentially more optimizations of drug therapy for persons at risk of falls compared with usual care only. • The optimization on benzodiazepines was potentially associated with fewer serious falls. Some drugs increase the risk of falls, including serious falls. The objective of this quasi-experimental study was to determine whether the intervention of a clinical pharmacist among older outpatients receiving a multifactorial fall prevention program at a geriatric day hospital dedicated to older patients with a recent history of falls was effective in preventing serious falls over a 3-month follow-up, compared with usual care. Quasi-experimental study in 296 consecutive older outpatients, including 85 with pharmacist intervention (the intervention group) and 148 without (the control group). The main outcome was the occurrence of at least one serious fall within 3 months of follow-up. Covariates included age, sex, body mass index, grip strength, history of falls, Mini-Mental State Examination score, use of ≥3 drugs associated with risk of falls, frailty, and disability. Fewer participants in the intervention group experienced at least one serious fall than in the control group (5 (5.9 %) versus 23 (15.5 %), P = 0.029), which persisted after adjustment for potential confounding factors (OR = 0.30 [95CI:0.11–0.84], P = 0.022). No significant effect was found on the indicence of all falls. Pharmacist intervention allowed more frequent therapeutic optimizations of antithrombotics (OR = 3.69 [95CI: 1.66–8.20]), proton pump inhibitors (OR = 3.34 [95CI: 1.31–8.50]), benzodiazepines (OR = 3.15 [95CI: 1.06–9.36]) and antidepressants (OR = 3.87 [95CI: 1.21–12.35]). Among older fallers receiving a multifactorial fall prevention program at a day hospital, a clinical pharmacist intervention was associated with fewer incident serious falls over 3 months of follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]