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3. Seasonal variability in body mass index, waist circumference, and skinfolds in Norwegian children.

Author

Moen, Oda Klavestad, Júlíusson, Pétur Benedikt, Roelants, Mathieu, and Spielau, Ulrike

Subjects
SPRING, BODY mass index, WAIST circumference, BODY weight, HEIGHT measurement
Abstract

Objectives: Studies have shown that children develop a higher body weight during summer months. This has been demonstrated repeatedly using the body mass index (BMI), but the effect of season on other weight‐related anthropometric measurements is still unclear. Methods: Measurements of height, weight, waist circumference (WC), triceps, and subscapular skinfolds (TSF and SSF), collected from September till May in a cross‐sectional sample of 4–16‐year‐old children and adolescents (n = 4525) from the Bergen Growth Study 1 (BGS1). Differences in z‐score by season were tested with linear models adjusted for age group and separately for sex. Overall differences were tested with a one‐way between‐group analysis of variance. Results: The girls had higher BMIz (+0.12, p =.03) and WCz (+0.18, p =.002) in fall compared with spring. TSFz (−0.19, p <.001) and SSFz (−0.18, p <.001) were lower in winter in girls, and in boys both in fall (TSFz −0.10, p =.046; SSFz – 0.16, p <.001), and winter (TSFz −0.15, p =.004; SSFz −0.14, p =.003), when compared with spring. Conclusions: Seasonal variation was detected for all anthropometric measures, but differences in the direction of the effect between measures of global (BMI), central (WC) or subcutaneous (SF) adiposity suggest a more complex mechanism that needs further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Epigenome–wide Meta–Analysis Reveals Associations between Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and DNA methylation in Children and Adolescents with Different Body Size

Author

Ott, Raffael, primary, Stein, Robert, primary, H. Hauta–alus, Helena, primary, Ronkainen, Justiina, primary, Fernández-Barrés, Sílvia, primary, Spielau, Ulrike, primary, Kirsten, Holger, primary, Poulain, Tanja, primary, Melton, Phillip E., primary, Küpers, Leanne K., primary, Azaryah, Hatim, primary, Colombo, Marco, primary, Landgraf, Kathrin, primary, W. Tob, Elmar, primary, O’Sullivan, Therese, primary, Huang, Rae-Chi, primary, Campoy, Cristina, primary, Winkler, Christiane, primary, Vioque, Jesus, primary, Vrijheid, Martine, primary, Kiess, Wieland, primary, Körner, Antje, primary, Sebert, Sylvain, primary, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, primary, Ziegler, Anette G., primary, and Hummel, Sandra, primary

Published
2023
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7. Epigenome-Wide Meta-Analysis Reveals Associations Between Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and DNA Methylation in Children and Adolescents of Different Body Sizes

Author

Ott, Raffael, primary, Stein, Robert, additional, Hauta–alus, Helena H., additional, Ronkainen, Justiina, additional, Fernández–Barrés, Sílvia, additional, Spielau, Ulrike, additional, Kirsten, Holger, additional, Poulain, Tanja, additional, Melton, Phillip E., additional, Küpers, Leanne K., additional, Azaryah, Hatim, additional, Colombo, Marco, additional, Landgraf, Kathrin, additional, Tobi, Elmar W., additional, O’Sullivan, Therese, additional, Huang, Rae-Chi, additional, Campoy, Cristina, additional, Winkler, Christiane, additional, Vioque, Jesus, additional, Vrijheid, Martine, additional, Kiess, Wieland, additional, Körner, Antje, additional, Sebert, Sylvain, additional, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, additional, Ziegler, Anette–G., additional, and Hummel, Sandra, additional

Published
2023
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8. Fasting indices of glucose-insulin-metabolism across life span and prediction of glycemic deterioration in children with obesity from new diagnostic cut-offs

Author

Hammel, Maximiliane Chiara, primary, Stein, Robert, additional, Kratzsch, Jürgen, additional, Vogel, Mandy, additional, Eckert, Alexander J., additional, Triatin, Rima Destya, additional, Colombo, Marco, additional, Meigen, Christof, additional, Baber, Ronny, additional, Stanik, Juraj, additional, Spielau, Ulrike, additional, Stoltze, Anette, additional, Wirkner, Kerstin, additional, Tönjes, Anke, additional, Snieder, Harold, additional, Holl, Reinhard W., additional, Stumvoll, Michael, additional, Blüher, Matthias, additional, Kiess, Wieland, additional, and Körner, Antje, additional

Published
2023
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10. Epigenome-wide meta-analysis reveals associations between dietary glycemic index and glycemic load and DNA methylation in children and adolescents of different body sizes

Author

Ott, Raffael, Stein, Robert, Hauta-Alus, Helena H., Ronkainen, Justiina, Fernandez-Barres, Sılvia, Spielau, Ulrike, Kirsten, Holger, Poulain, Tanja, Melton, Phillip E., Küpers, Leanne K., Azaryah, Hatim, Colombo, Marco, Landgraf, Kathrin, Tobi, Elmar W., O’sullivan, Therese, Huang, Rae-Chi, Campoy, Cristina, Winkler, Christiane, Vioque, Jesus, Vrijheid, Martine, Kiess, Wieland, Körner, Antje, Sebert, Sylvain, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Ziegler, Anette-G., Hummel, Sandra, Ott, Raffael, Stein, Robert, Hauta-Alus, Helena H., Ronkainen, Justiina, Fernandez-Barres, Sılvia, Spielau, Ulrike, Kirsten, Holger, Poulain, Tanja, Melton, Phillip E., Küpers, Leanne K., Azaryah, Hatim, Colombo, Marco, Landgraf, Kathrin, Tobi, Elmar W., O’sullivan, Therese, Huang, Rae-Chi, Campoy, Cristina, Winkler, Christiane, Vioque, Jesus, Vrijheid, Martine, Kiess, Wieland, Körner, Antje, Sebert, Sylvain, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Ziegler, Anette-G., and Hummel, Sandra

Abstract

Dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are associated with cardiome-tabolic health in children and adolescents, with potential distinct effects in people with increased BMI. DNA methylation (DNAm) may mediate these effects. Thus, we conducted meta-analyses of epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) between dietary GI and GL and blood DNAm of children and adolescents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We calculated dietary GI and GL and performed EWAS in children and adolescents (age range: 4.5–17 years) from six cohorts (N = 1,187). We performed stratified analyses of participants with normal weight (n = 801) or overweight or obesity (n = 386). We performed look-ups for the identified cytosine–phosphate–guanine (CpG) sites (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05) with tissue-specific gene expression of 832 blood and 223 subcutaneous adipose tissue samples from children and adolescents. RESULTS Dietary GL was positively associated with DNAm of cg20274553 (FDR < 0.05), anno-tated to WDR27. Several CpGs were identified in the normal-weight (GI: 85; GL: 17) and overweight or obese (GI: 136; GL: 298; FDR < 0.05) strata, and none overlapped between strata. In participants with overweight or obesity, identified CpGs were related to RNA expression of genes associated with impaired metabolism (e.g., FRAT1, CSF3). CONCLUSIONS We identified 537 associations between dietary GI and GL and blood DNAm, mainly in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. High-GI and/or-GL diets may influence epigenetic gene regulation and thereby promote metabolic derangements in young people with increased BMI.

Published
2023

11. Nuts and seeds consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and their risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer, primary, Thorisdottir, Birna, additional, Bärebring, Linnea, additional, Söderlund, Fredrik, additional, Nwaru, Bright I., additional, Spielau, Ulrike, additional, Dierkes, Jutta, additional, Ramel, Alfons, additional, Lamberg-Allardt, Christel, additional, and Åkesson, Agneta, additional

Published
2023
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12. Nuts and seeds consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and their risk factors : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Arnesen, Erik Kristoffer, Thorisdottir, Birna, Barebring, Linnea, Soderlund, Fredrik, Nwaru, Bright I., Spielau, Ulrike, Dierkes, Jutta, Ramel, Alfons, Lamberg- Allardt, Christel, Akesson, Agneta, and Department of Food and Nutrition

Subjects
Meta-analysis, Diabetes mellitus type 2, 416 Food Science, Systematic review, Nuts, Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular disease
Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to systematically review studies and evaluate the strength of the evidence on nuts/seeds consumption and cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors among adults. Methods: A protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021270554). We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus up to September 20, 2021 for prospec-tive cohort studies and >= 12-week randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Main outcomes were cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and type 2 diabetes (T2D), secondary total-/low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, blood pressure and glycaemic markers. Data extraction and risk of bias (RoB) assessments (using RoB 2.0 and RoB-NObS) were performed in duplicate. Effect sizes were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses and expressed as relative risk (RR) or weighted mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI); heterogeneity quantified as I2. One-stage dose-response analyses assessed the linear and non-linear associations with CVD, CHD, stroke and T2D. The strength of evidence was classified per the World Cancer Research Fund criteria. Results: After screening 23,244 references, we included 42 papers from cohort studies (28 unique cohorts, 1,890,573 participants) and 18 RCTs (2,266 participants). In the cohorts, mainly populations with low con-sumption, high versus low total nuts/seeds consumption was inversely associated with total CVD (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.75, 0.86; I-2 = 67%), CVD mortality (0.77; 0.72, 0.82; I-2 = 59.3%), CHD (0.82; 0.76, 0.89; I-2 = 64%), CHD mortality (0.75; 0.65, 0.87; I-2 = 66.9%) and non-fatal CHD (0.85; 0.75, 0.96; I-2 = 62.2%). According to the non-linear dose-response analyses, consumption of 30 g/day of total nuts/seeds was associated with RRs of similar magnitude. For stroke and T2D the summary RR for high versus low intake was 0.91 (95% CI 0.85, 0.97; I-2 = 24.8%) and 0.95 (0.75, 1.21; I-2 = 82.2%). Intake of nuts (median similar to 50 g/day) lowered total (-0.15 mmol/L; -0.22, -0.08; I-2 = 31.2%) and LDL-cholesterol (-0.13 mmol/L; -0.21, -0.05; I-2 = 68.6%), but not blood pressure. Findings on fasting glucose, HbA1c and insulin resistance were conflicting. The results were robust to sensitivity and subgroup analyses. We rated the associations between nuts/seeds and both CVD and CHD as probable. There was limited but suggestive evidence for no association with stroke. No conclusion could be made for T2D. Conclusion: There is a probable relationship between consumption of nuts/seeds and lower risk of CVD, mostly driven by CHD, possibly in part through effects on blood lipids. More research on stroke and T2D may affect the conclusions. The evidence of specific nuts should be further investigated.

Published
2023

13. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Author

Schadow, Alena M, Revheim, Ingrid, Spielau, Ulrike, Dierkes, Jutta, Schwingshackl, Lukas, Frank, Jan, Hodgson, Jonathan M, Moreira-Rosário, André, Seal, Chris J, Buyken, Anette E, Rosendahl-Riise, Hanne, Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde (CINTESIS), and NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (NMS|FCM)

Subjects
Adult, Glycated Hemoglobin, Dietary Fiber, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Insulin, Bread, Blood Glucose/analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract

Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc. Bread is a major source of grain-derived carbohydrates worldwide. High intakes of refined grains, low in dietary fiber and high in glycemic index, are linked with increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and other chronic diseases. Hence, improvements in the composition of bread could influence population health. This systematic review evaluated the effect of regular consumption of reformulated breads on glycemic control among healthy adults, adults at cardiometabolic risk or with manifest T2DM. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Eligible studies employed a bread intervention (≥2 wk) in adults (healthy, at cardiometabolic risk or manifest T2DM) and reported glycemic outcomes (fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, and postprandial glucose responses). Data were pooled using generic inverse variance with random-effects model and presented as mean difference (MD) or standardized MD between treatments with 95% CIs. Twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 1037 participants). Compared with "regular" or comparator bread, consumption of reformulated intervention breads yielded lower fasting blood glucose concentrations (MD: -0.21 mmol/L; 95% CI: -0.38, -0.03; I2 = 88%, moderate certainty of evidence), yet no differences in fasting insulin (MD: -1.59 pmol/L; 95% CI: -5.78, 2.59; I2 = 38%, moderate certainty of evidence), HOMA-IR (MD: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.35, 0.23; I2 = 60%, moderate certainty of evidence), HbA1c (MD: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.39, 0.10; I2 = 56%, very low certainty of evidence), or postprandial glucose response (SMD: -0.46; 95% CI: -1.28, 0.36; I2 = 74%, low certainty of evidence). Subgroup analyses revealed a beneficial effect for fasting blood glucose only among people with T2DM (low certainty of evidence). Our findings suggest a beneficial effect of reformulated breads high in dietary fiber, whole grains, and/or functional ingredients on fasting blood glucose concentrations in adults, primarily among those with T2DM. This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020205458. publishersversion published

Published
2023

15. Associations of GHR, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expression in adipose tissue cells with obesity-related alterations in corresponding circulating levels and adipose tissue function in children

Author

Kempf, Elena, primary, Landgraf, Kathrin, additional, Vogel, Tim, additional, Spielau, Ulrike, additional, Stein, Robert, additional, Raschpichler, Matthias, additional, Kratzsch, Jürgen, additional, Kiess, Wieland, additional, Stanik, Juraj, additional, and Körner, Antje, additional

Published
2022
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18. Sixteen-week multicentre randomised controlled trial to study the effect of the consumption of an oat beta-glucan-enriched bread versus a whole-grain wheat bread on glycaemic control among persons with pre-diabetes: a study protocol of the CarbHealth study

Author

Hjorth, Therese, primary, Schadow, Alena, additional, Revheim, Ingrid, additional, Spielau, Ulrike, additional, Thomassen, Lise M, additional, Meyer, Klara, additional, Piotrowski, Katja, additional, Rosendahl-Riise, Hanne, additional, Rieder, Anne, additional, Varela, Paula, additional, Lysne, Vegard, additional, Ballance, Simon, additional, Koerner, Antje, additional, Landberg, Rikard, additional, Buyken, Anette, additional, and Dierkes, Jutta, additional

Published
2022
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20. Sixteen-week multicentre randomised controlled trial to study the effect of the consumption of an oat beta-glucan- enriched bread versus a whole-grain wheat bread on glycaemic control among persons with pre-diabetes: a study protocol of the CarbHealth study

Author

Hjorth, Therese, Schadow, Alena, Revheim, Ingrid, Spielau, Ulrike, Thomassen, Lise M, Meyer, Klara, Piotrowski, Katja, Rosendahl-Riise, Hanne, Rieder, Anne, Varela, Paula, Lysne, Vegard, Ballance, Simon, Koerner, Antje, Landberg, Rikard, Buyken, Anette, Dierkes, Jutta, Hjorth, Therese, Schadow, Alena, Revheim, Ingrid, Spielau, Ulrike, Thomassen, Lise M, Meyer, Klara, Piotrowski, Katja, Rosendahl-Riise, Hanne, Rieder, Anne, Varela, Paula, Lysne, Vegard, Ballance, Simon, Koerner, Antje, Landberg, Rikard, Buyken, Anette, and Dierkes, Jutta

Abstract

Introduction In 2012, the estimated global prevalence of pre-diabetes was 280 million, and the prevalence is expected to rise to 400 million by 2030. Oat-based foods are a good source of beta-glucans, which have been shown to lower postprandial blood glucose. Studies to evaluate the effectiveness of the long-term intake of beta-glucan- enriched bread as part of a habitual diet among individuals with pre-diabetes are needed. Therefore, we designed a multicentre intervention study in adults with pre-diabetes to investigate the effects of consumption of an oat-derived beta-glucan- enriched bread as part of a normal diet on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in comparison to consumption of whole-grain wheat bread. Methods and analysis The CarbHealth trial is a multicentre double-blind randomised controlled 16-week dietary intervention trial in participants 40–70 years of age with a body mass index of ≥27 kg/m2 and HbA1c of 35–50 mmol/ mol. The study is conducted at four universities located in Norway, Sweden and Germany and uses intervention breads specifically designed for the trial by Nofima AS. The aim is to recruit 250 participants. The primary outcome is the difference in HbA1c between the intervention and the control groups. The main analysis will include intervention group, study centre and baseline HbA1c as independent variables in an analysis of covariance model. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol was approved by respective ethical authorities in participating countries. The results of the study will be communicated through publication in international scientific journals and presentations at (inter)national conferences. Trial registration number NCT04994327.

Published
2022

25. Purchasing Behavior, Setting, Pricing, Family: Determinants of School Lunch Participation

Author

Sobek, Carolin, Ober, Peggy, Abel, Sarah, Spielau, Ulrike, Kiess, Wieland, Meigen, Christof, Poulain, Tanja, Igel, Ulrike, Vogel, Mandy, Lipek, Tobias, Sobek, Carolin, Ober, Peggy, Abel, Sarah, Spielau, Ulrike, Kiess, Wieland, Meigen, Christof, Poulain, Tanja, Igel, Ulrike, Vogel, Mandy, and Lipek, Tobias

Abstract

Despite growing school lunch availability in Germany, its utilization is still low, and students resort to unhealthy alternatives. We investigated predictors of school lunch participation and reasons for nonparticipation in 1215 schoolchildren. Children reported meal habits, parents provided family-related information (like socioeconomic status), and anthropometry was conducted on-site in schools. Associations between school lunch participation and family-related predictors were estimated using logistic regression controlling for age and gender if necessary. School was added as a random effect. School lunch participation was primarily associated with family factors. While having breakfast on schooldays was positively associated with school lunch participation (ORadj = 2.20, p = 0.002), lower secondary schools (ORadj = 0.52, p < 0.001) and low SES (ORadj = 0.25, p < 0.001) were negatively associated. The main reasons for nonparticipation were school- and lunch-related factors (taste, time constraints, pricing). Parents reported pricing as crucial a reason as an unpleasant taste for nonparticipation. Nonparticipants bought sandwiches and energy drinks significantly more often on school days, whereas participants were less often affected by overweight (OR = 0.66, p = 0.043). Our data stress school- and lunch-related factors as an important opportunity to foster school lunch utilization.

Published
2021

26. Associations of GHR, IGF-1and IGFBP-3expression in adipose tissue cells with obesity-related alterations in corresponding circulating levels and adipose tissue function in children

Author

Kempf, Elena, Landgraf, Kathrin, Vogel, Tim, Spielau, Ulrike, Stein, Robert, Raschpichler, Matthias, Kratzsch, Jürgen, Kiess, Wieland, Stanik, Juraj, and Körner, Antje

Abstract

ABSTRACTComponents of the growth hormone (GH) axis, such as insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF-1 binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), GH receptor (GHR) and GH-binding protein (GHBP), regulate growth and metabolic pathways. Here, we asked if serum levels of these factors are altered with overweight/obesity and if this is related to adipose tissue (AT) expression and/or increased fat mass. Furthermore, we hypothesized that expression of GHR, IGF-1and IGFBP-3is associated with AT function. Serum GHBP levels were increased in children with overweight/obesity throughout childhood, while for IGF-1 levels and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio obesity-related elevations were detectable until early puberty. Circulating levels did not correlate with AT expression of these factors, which was decreased with overweight/obesity. Independent from obesity, expression of GHR, IGF-1and IGFBP-3was related to AT dysfunction,and increased insulin levels. Serum GHBP was associated with liver fat percentage and transaminase levels. We conclude that obesity-related elevations in serum GHBP and IGF-1 are unlikely to be caused by increased AT mass and elevations in GHBP are more closely related to liver status in children. The diminished AT expression of these factors with childhood obesity may contribute to early AT dysfunction and a deterioration of the metabolic state.

Published
2022
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31. Impact of Weight Reduction During Adolescence on Parameters of Cardiac Geometry and Function in Obese Children

Author

Erbs, Sandra, primary, Broniecki, Henriette, additional, Scheuermann, Kathrin, additional, Winzer, Ephraim, additional, Adam, Jennifer, additional, Spielau, Ulrike, additional, Woitek, Felix, additional, Sandri, Marcus, additional, Zimmer, Marion, additional, Besler, Christian, additional, Kiess, Wieland, additional, Linke, Axel, additional, Körner, Antje, additional, and Mangner, Norman, additional

Published
2018
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32. Birth weight increases with birth order despite decreasing maternal pregnancy weight gain.

Author

Bohn, Claudia, Vogel, Mandy, Poulain, Tanja, Spielau, Ulrike, Hilbert, Cornelia, Kiess, Wieland, and Körner, Antje

Subjects
BIRTH order, BIRTH weight, WEIGHT gain, PREGNANCY, UNIVARIATE analysis
Abstract

Aim: We investigated whether birth order is an influencing factor for birth weight independent from maternal factors. Methods: Data were obtained from the longitudinal cohort study LIFE Child and included 1864 children, of which 526 were only children. The 1338 siblings were ranked into first‐borns (n = 570), second‐borns (n = 606) and third‐or‐later‐borns (n = 162). Children born prematurely, suffering from chronic or syndromic diseases, were excluded. We performed intra‐family comparisons to reduce bias and assessed the impact of perinatal parameters, such as birth order on birth weight, using mixed models. Results: Birth weight increased with birth order. In univariate analyses, birth order had a significant effect on birth weight‐SDS with second‐borns having 0.29 SDS (app. 130 g) and third‐borns 0.40 SDS (app. 180 g) higher values than first‐borns (P <.001). Maternal pregnancy weight gain was associated with higher birth weight‐SDS (P <.01) in univariate analysis, though maternal pregnancy weight gain was lower for higher birth orders. Multivariate analyses revealed that being a second or third‐or‐later‐born child had a stronger impact on birth weight than all maternal factors. Conclusion: Birth order must be considered a potential risk factor for higher birth weight. Maternal pregnancy weight gain is not the driving factor for higher birth weight in siblings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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38. Novel Insights in the Metabolic Syndrome in Childhood and Adolescence

Author

Bussler, Sarah, primary, Penke, Melanie, additional, Flemming, Gunter, additional, Elhassan, Yasir S., additional, Kratzsch, Jürgen, additional, Sergeyev, Elena, additional, Lipek, Tobias, additional, Vogel, Mandy, additional, Spielau, Ulrike, additional, Körner, Antje, additional, de Giorgis, Tommaso, additional, and Kiess, Wieland, additional

Published
2017
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40. Diabetes screening in overweight and obese children and adolescents: choosing the right test

Author

Ehehalt, Stefan, primary, Wiegand, Susanna, additional, Körner, Antje, additional, Schweizer, Roland, additional, Liesenkötter, Klaus-Peter, additional, Partsch, Carl-Joachim, additional, Blumenstock, Gunnar, additional, Spielau, Ulrike, additional, Denzer, Christian, additional, Ranke, Michael B., additional, Neu, Andreas, additional, Binder, Gerhard, additional, Wabitsch, Martin, additional, Kiess, Wieland, additional, and Reinehr, Thomas, additional

Published
2016
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41. Low association between fasting and OGTT stimulated glucose levels with HbA1c in overweight children and adolescents

Author

Ehehalt, Stefan, primary, Wiegand, Susanna, additional, Körner, Antje, additional, Schweizer, Roland, additional, Liesenkötter, Klaus-Peter, additional, Partsch, Carl-Joachim, additional, Blumenstock, Gunnar, additional, Spielau, Ulrike, additional, Denzer, Christian, additional, Ranke, Michael B., additional, Neu, Andreas, additional, Binder, Gerhard, additional, Wabitsch, Martin, additional, Kiess, Wieland, additional, and Reinehr, Thomas, additional

Published
2016
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43. Fasting indices of glucose-insulin-metabolism across life span and prediction of glycemic deterioration in children with obesity from new diagnostic cut-offs.

Author

Hammel MC, Stein R, Kratzsch J, Vogel M, Eckert AJ, Triatin RD, Colombo M, Meigen C, Baber R, Stanik J, Spielau U, Stoltze A, Wirkner K, Tönjes A, Snieder H, Holl RW, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Kiess W, and Körner A

Abstract

Background: Fasting indices of glucose-insulin-metabolism are an easy and affordable tool to assess insulin resistance. We aimed to establish reference ranges for fasting insulin indices that reflect age-dependent variation over the entire life span and subsequently test their clinical application regarding the prediction of glycemic deterioration in children., Methods: We calculated age- and puberty-dependent reference values for HOMA-IR, HOMA2-IR, HOMA-β, McAuley index, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose from 6994 observations of 5512 non-obese healthy subjects aged 5-80 years. Applying those references, we determined the prevalence of insulin resistance among 2538 subjects with obesity. Furthermore, we investigated the intraindividual stability and the predictive values for future dysglycemia of these fasting indices in 516 children and adolescents with obesity up to 19 years of follow-up. We validated the results in three independent cohorts., Findings: There was a strong age-dependent variation of all indices throughout the life span, including prolonged recovery of pubertal insulin resistance and a subsequent continuous increase throughout adulthood. Already from age 5 years onwards, >40% of children with obesity presented with elevated parameters of insulin resistance. Applying newly developed reference ranges, insulin resistance among children with obesity doubled the risk for future glycemic deterioration (HOMA-IR HR 1.88 (95% CI 1.1-3.21)), fasting insulin HR 1.89 (95% CI 1.11-3.23). In contrast, fasting glucose alone was not predictive for emerging dysglycemia in children with obesity (HR 1.03 (95% CI 0.62-1.71)). The new insulin-based thresholds were superior to fasting glucose and HbA1c in detecting children eventually manifesting with dysglycemia in prospective analyses., Interpretation: The variation of fasting glucose-insulin-metabolism across the life span necessitates age-specific reference ranges. The improved prediction of future glycemic deterioration by indices based on fasting insulin beyond simple glucose measures alone could help to stratify risk characteristics of children with obesity in order to guide patient-tailored prevention and intervention approaches., Funding: German Research Foundation (DFG)-through SFB 1052, project number 209933838, subproject C5; Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany; European Union-European Regional Development Fund; Free State of Saxony. The German Diabetes Association, the CarbHealth consortium (01EA1908B). EU-IMI2-Consortium SOPHIA (grant agreement No 875534), German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), grant number 82DZD14E03., Competing Interests: MB received honoraria and consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Novartis and Sanofi and is part of the advisory board from Boehringer-Ingelheim. All other authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this article to disclose., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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44. [Neighbourhood deprivation and community nutrition environment: associations between the social and built environment and food availability].

Author

Latawitz T, Spielau U, Lipek T, Gausche R, Lück M, Kiess W, Grande G, and Igel U

Subjects
Cities, Fast Foods adverse effects, Fast Foods supply & distribution, Food, Germany, Humans, Obesity epidemiology, Obesity prevention & control, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Built Environment, Food Supply, Health Status Disparities, Residence Characteristics, Social Determinants of Health
Abstract

Objective: Eating habits are influenced by individual socioeconomic status (SES). As the association between neighbourhood characteristics and food availability is still unclear, we investigated the community nutrition environment in different neighbourhoods., Methods: Using official data of the city of Leipzig, we selected three neighbourhoods which differed in terms of their social (2 deprived vs. 1 affluent) and built (1 large housing estates vs. 2 historic buildings) environment. Data on food outlets were assessed via direct observation (ground truthing)., Results: Social and residential environment characteristics are associated with food availability. The proportion of fast food outlets is higher in deprived neighbourhoods compared to the affluent one (25%, 30.4% vs. 13.5%). Neighbourhoods with historic buildings offer a greater variety of food outlets., Conclusion: The greater availability of unhealthy food may contribute to the development of obesity. Preventive measures should consider the physical and social environment., Competing Interests: Die Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.)

Published
2019
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