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5,405 results on '"Spicer, A P"'

1. Minimal model program for algebraically integrable adjoint foliated structures

Author

Cascini, Paolo, Han, Jingjun, Liu, Jihao, Meng, Fanjun, Spicer, Calum, Svaldi, Roberto, and Xie, Lingyao

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, 14E30, 37F75
Abstract

For $\mathbb Q$-factorial klt algebraically integrable adjoint foliated structures, we prove the cone theorem, the contraction theorem, and the existence of flips. Therefore, we deduce the existence of the minimal model program for such structures. We also prove the base-point-freeness theorem for such structures of general type and establish an adjunction formula and the existence of $\mathbb Q$-factorial quasi-dlt modifications for algebraically integrable adjoint foliated structures., Comment: 50 pages

Published
2024

2. Medicaid Long-Term Services and Supports and Caregiving Needs of Caregivers of Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Author

Ariana M. Mastrogiannis, Caren Steinway, Telmo C. Santos, Jack Chen, John Berens, Thomas Davis, Michelle Cornacchia, Jason Woodward, Ilka Riddle, Brittany Spicer, Charmaine Wright, Lee A. Lindquist, and Sophia Jan

Abstract

Background: Long-term care services are funded primarily by Medicaid long-term services and support in the United States, where eligibility is based on care needs of the individual with intellectual and developmental disability alone. Impact of Medicaid waiver services on self-reported caregiver needs is not well understood. Method: Caregivers (n = 405) of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities across four states (NY, OH, TX, and PA) completed an online survey. Results: Caregivers reported a moderate degree of burden and susceptibility of stress-induced health breakdown. Despite controlling for the activities of daily living of the care recipient, caregivers of individuals with Medicaid Waiver services reported greater difficulty managing medications (p = 0.013) and finding paid help (p < 0.001) than caregivers of individuals without services.

Published
2024
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3. A platform to map the mind-mitochondria connection and the hallmarks of psychobiology: the MiSBIE study.

Author

Kelly, Catherine, Trumpff, Caroline, Acosta, Carlos, Assuras, Stephanie, Baker, Jack, Basarrate, Sophia, Behnke, Alexander, Bo, Ke, Bobba-Alves, Natalia, Champagne, Frances, Conklin, Quinn, Cross, Marissa, De Jager, Philip, Engelstad, Kris, Epel, Elissa, Franklin, Soah, Hirano, Michio, Huang, Qiuhan, Junker, Alex, Juster, Robert-Paul, Kapri, Darshana, Kirschbaum, Clemens, Kurade, Mangesh, Lauriola, Vincenzo, Li, Shufang, Liu, Cynthia, Liu, Grace, McEwen, Bruce, McGill, Marlon, McIntyre, Kathleen, Monzel, Anna, Michelson, Jeremy, Prather, Aric, Puterman, Eli, Rosales, Xiomara, Shapiro, Peter, Shire, David, Slavich, George, Sloan, Richard, Smith, Janell, Spann, Marisa, Spicer, Julie, Sturm, Gabriel, Tepler, Sophia, de Schotten, Michel, Wager, Tor, and Picard, Martin

Subjects
allostasis, metabolism, mitochondrial disorders, mtDNA, psychobiology, stress, Humans, Mitochondria, Brain, Mitochondrial Diseases, DNA, Mitochondrial
Abstract

Health emerges from coordinated psychobiological processes powered by mitochondrial energy transformation. But how do mitochondria regulate the multisystem responses that shape resilience and disease risk across the lifespan? The Mitochondrial Stress, Brain Imaging, and Epigenetics (MiSBIE) study was established to address this question and determine how mitochondria influence the interconnected neuroendocrine, immune, metabolic, cardiovascular, cognitive, and emotional systems among individuals spanning the spectrum of mitochondrial energy transformation capacity, including participants with rare mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lesions causing mitochondrial diseases (MitoDs). This interdisciplinary effort is expected to generate new insights into the pathophysiology of MitoDs, provide a foundation to develop novel biomarkers of human health, and integrate our fragmented knowledge of bioenergetic, brain-body, and mind-mitochondria processes relevant to medicine and public health.

Published
2024

4. Towards an Innate Cell-Environment Nanothermometer

Author

Carrizo, Cristina, Agostino, Gianluca D\', Spicer, Graham, de Córdoba, Jaime Fernández, Guzmán, Rubén Ahijado, Garcia-Abad, Clara Maria, Rivas, Aitor, Matesanz, Ruth, Oña, Ana, and Thompson, Sebastian A.

Subjects
Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

Based on the PubMed database, there are around 260 manuscripts describing nanothermometers. These research articles detail the synthesis, performance, and application of intracellular nanothermometers. This intracellular prevalence is due to the significant importance, complexity, and utility of the intracellular compartments for understanding cell metabolism and disease treatment. However, in recent years, the extracellular environment of the cell has emerged as a crucial factor in medicine, particularly in hyperthermia and immunotherapy. Despite this, we have not seen evidence in the literature describing the utilization or performance of a nanothermometer designed for extracellular temperature measurements. This oversight not only neglects the potential for measuring extracellular temperature but also fails to address the extracellular environment of the cell. Here, we introduce a nanothermometer designed specifically for measuring extracellular temperature by directly converting serum proteins into nanothermometers (either unmodified or labeled with the clinically approved dye Fluorescein). Additionally, leveraging the extracellular localization of these nanothermometers, we demonstrate (1) the enhancement of their temperature sensitivity by combining them with gold nanorods, and (2) their capability to generate damage and disrupt the plasma membrane, thus opening the door to their use as photodynamic therapy agents. We firmly believe that these advancements represent not only a broadening of the applications of nanothermometry but also a pioneering step in showcasing the ability of nanothermometers to induce cell death., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

5. Simon's algorithm in the NISQ cloud

Author

Robertson, Reece, Doucet, Emery, Spicer, Ernest, and Deffner, Sebastian

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Abstract

Simon's algorithm was one of the first problems to demonstrate a genuine quantum advantage. The algorithm, however, assumes access to noise-free qubits. In our work we use Simon's algorithm to benchmark the error rates of devices currently available in the "quantum cloud." As a main result we obtain an objective comparison between the different physical platforms made available by IBM and IonQ. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the device architectures and chip topologies when transpiling quantum algorithms onto hardware. For instance, we demonstrate that two-qubit operations on spatially separated qubits on superconducting chips should be avoided.

Published
2024

8. Long term efficacy of first-line afatinib and the clinical utility of ctDNA monitoring in patients with suspected or confirmed EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer who were unsuitable for chemotherapy: Clinical Studies

Author

Popat, Sanjay, Januszewski, Adam, O’Brien, Mary, Ahmad, Tanya, Lewanski, Conrad, Dernedde, Ulrike, Jankowska, Petra, Mulatero, Clive, Shah, Riyaz, Hicks, Jonathan, Geldart, Tom, Cominos, Mathilda, Gray, Gill, Spicer, James, Bell, Karen, Roitt, Simon, Morris, Clive, Ngai, Yenting, Hughes, Laura, Hackshaw, Allan, and Wilson, William

Published
2024
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9. Distinct immune profiles and clinical outcomes in sepsis subphenotypes based on temperature trajectories

Author

Bhavani, Sivasubramanium V., Spicer, Alexandra, Sinha, Pratik, Malik, Albahi, Lopez-Espina, Carlos, Schmalz, Lee, Watson, Gregory L., Bhargava, Akhil, Khan, Shah, Urdiales, Dennys, Updike, Lincoln, Dagan, Alon, Davila, Hugo, Demarco, Carmen, Evans, Neil, Gosai, Falgun, Iyer, Karthik, Kurtzman, Niko, Palagiri, Ashok V., Sims, Matthew, Smith, Scott, Syed, Anwaruddin, Sarma, Deesha, Reddy, Jr., Bobby, Verhoef, Philip A., and Churpek, Matthew M.

Published
2024
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11. The AI Security Pyramid of Pain

Author

Ward, Chris M., Harguess, Josh, Tao, Julia, Christman, Daniel, Spicer, Paul, and Tan, Mike

Subjects
Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

We introduce the AI Security Pyramid of Pain, a framework that adapts the cybersecurity Pyramid of Pain to categorize and prioritize AI-specific threats. This framework provides a structured approach to understanding and addressing various levels of AI threats. Starting at the base, the pyramid emphasizes Data Integrity, which is essential for the accuracy and reliability of datasets and AI models, including their weights and parameters. Ensuring data integrity is crucial, as it underpins the effectiveness of all AI-driven decisions and operations. The next level, AI System Performance, focuses on MLOps-driven metrics such as model drift, accuracy, and false positive rates. These metrics are crucial for detecting potential security breaches, allowing for early intervention and maintenance of AI system integrity. Advancing further, the pyramid addresses the threat posed by Adversarial Tools, identifying and neutralizing tools used by adversaries to target AI systems. This layer is key to staying ahead of evolving attack methodologies. At the Adversarial Input layer, the framework addresses the detection and mitigation of inputs designed to deceive or exploit AI models. This includes techniques like adversarial patterns and prompt injection attacks, which are increasingly used in sophisticated attacks on AI systems. Data Provenance is the next critical layer, ensuring the authenticity and lineage of data and models. This layer is pivotal in preventing the use of compromised or biased data in AI systems. At the apex is the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) layer, dealing with the most complex and challenging aspects of AI security. This involves a deep understanding and strategic approach to counter advanced AI-targeted attacks, requiring comprehensive knowledge and planning., Comment: SPIE DCS 2024

Published
2024

12. Collaborative Working between Speech and Language Therapists and Teaching Staff in Mainstream UK Primary Schools: A Scoping Review

Author

Alys Mathers, Nicola Botting, Rebecca Moss, and Helen Spicer-Cain

Abstract

Support for school-age children with speech, language and communication needs (SLCN) usually takes place within the school setting. Successful outcomes for children with SLCN rely on effective collaborative working between speech and language therapists (SLTs), school staff and families. We need to understand the current evidence regarding the joint working practices, relationships and collaboration experiences of SLT and teaching staff within mainstream primary schools, in order to identify whether sufficient research exists for a systematic review within this field, and to inform practice. The purpose of this scoping review was to identify what research currently exists regarding collaboration, roles and relationships of SLTs and teaching staff within mainstream UK primary schools, and clarify the nature, participants and concepts described within this literature. A scoping review framework was used, consisting of identification of the review objectives, identification of relevant studies, study selection and iterative searches, data charting and reporting of the results. Information regarding research question, participants, data collection and analysis and terms used for key concepts was extracted. This scoping review identified 14 papers, however, collaboration was the primary focus of only 5 of these. Clarity and perceptions of roles were key themes within six of the papers. Whilst facilitators and barriers to collaboration are discussed in all 14 papers, only 4 studies aimed to investigate barriers and facilitators. Teaching assistant (TA) views are underrepresented within the research. Drawing conclusions from the body of research is challenging due to the varied ways in which the key concept 'collaboration' is used. Currently, there is insufficient literature to carry out a systematic review. This scoping review highlights the need for research that considers collaboration within the complex social network of school staff (including TAs) and SLTs, in order to ensure that future guidance is rooted in research.

Published
2024
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13. Higher Education Institutions and Stakeholder Analysis: Theoretical Roots, Development of Themes and Future Research Directions

Author

Raihan Taqui Sy, Dharmendra Singh, Reena Agrawal, and David Spicer

Abstract

Theoretical roots of higher education institutions (HEIs) and Stakeholder Analysis date back to mid-1990s and research was focussed on the role of HEIs in society and sustainable development. While various studies have been published about 'triple-helix model' - bringing government, academia, and industry closer, the concept of HEIs and Stakeholder Analysis needs a comprehensive review of the work carried out till date. Bibliometric and content analyses were performed, incorporating citations from Scopus' database during last 25 years. Thematic mapping was carried out and evolving trends were identified. Findings and analysis of this research disclosed that during the last 25 years there has been a growing interest among scholars towards Stakeholder Analysis and HEIs. It was also noted that majority of research pursuits concentrated in western countries such as USA and UK, while Africa, Asia and South America were under-represented. This work will not only lay a foundation for academics to carry out further research, but it will also give new insights to the policymakers which would enable them to device strategies aiming at enhanced participation of universities/HEIs in the local, regional, and national development.

Published
2024
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18. Predicting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) metabolic parameters in resectable non-small cell lung cancer

Author

Hughes, Daniel Johnathan, Josephides, Eleni, O’Shea, Robert, Manickavasagar, Thubeena, Horst, Carolyn, Hunter, Sarah, Tanière, Philippe, Nonaka, Daisuke, Van Hemelrijck, Mieke, Spicer, James, Goh, Vicky, Bille, Andrea, Karapanagiotou, Eleni, and Cook, Gary J. R.

Published
2024
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19. Blending Bathymetry: Combination of image-derived parametric approximations and celerity data sets for nearshore bathymetry estimation

Author

Lee, Jonghyun, DeVore, Katherine, Hesser, Tyler, Bak, A. Spicer, Brodie, Katherine, Bruder, Brittany, and Farthing, Matthew

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

Estimation of nearshore bathymetry is important for accurate prediction of nearshore wave conditions. However, direct data collection is expensive and time-consuming while accurate airborne lidar-based survey is limited by breaking waves and decreased light penetration affected by water turbidity. Instead, tower-based platforms or Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) can provide indirect video-based observations. The video-based time-series imagery provides wave celerity information and time-averaged (timex) or variance enhanced (var) images identify persistent regions of wave breaking. In this work, we propose a rapid and improved bathymetry estimation method that takes advantage of image-derived wave celerity and a first-order bathymetry estimate from Parameter Beach Tool (PBT), software that fits parameterized sandbar and slope forms to the timex or var images. Two different sources of the data, PBT and wave celerity, are combined or blended optimally based on their assumed accuracy in a statistical framework. The PBT-derived bathymetry serves as "prior" coarse-scale background information and then is updated and corrected with the imagery-derived wave data through the dispersion relationship, which results in a better bathymetry estimate that is consistent with imagery-based wave data. To illustrate the accuracy of our proposed method, imagery data sets collected in 2017 at the US Army EDRC's Field Research Facility in Duck, NC under different weather and wave height conditions are tested. Estimated bathymetry profiles are remarkably close to the direct survey data. The computational time for the estimation from PBT-based bathymetry and imagery-derived wave celerity is only about five minutes on a free Google Cloud node with one CPU core. These promising results indicate the feasibility of reliable real-time bathymetry imaging during a single flight of UAS., Comment: 21 pages, 14 figures, preprints

Published
2023

21. A gut microbiota rheostat forecasts responsiveness to PD-L1 and VEGF blockade in mesothelioma

Author

Zhang, Min, Bzura, Aleksandra, Baitei, Essa Y., Zhou, Zisen, Spicer, Jake B., Poile, Charlotte, Rogel, Jan, Branson, Amy, King, Amy, Barber, Shaun, Kamata, Tamihiro, Dzialo, Joanna, Harber, James, Greystoke, Alastair, Nusrat, Nada, Faulkner, Daniel, Sun, Qianqian, Nolan, Luke, Hahne, Jens C., Scotland, Molly, Walter, Harriet, Darlison, Liz, Morgan, Bruno, Bajaj, Amrita, Brookes, Cassandra, Hollox, Edward J., Lubawska, Dominika, Jama, Maymun, Griffiths, Gareth, Nakas, Apostolos, Kutywayo, Kudzayi, Luo, Jin-Li, Klampatsa, Astero, Cooper, Andrea, Halder, Koirobi, Wells-Jordan, Peter, Zhou, Huiyu, Dudbridge, Frank, Thomas, Anne, Richards, Catherine Jane, Pritchard, Catrin, Yang, Hongji, Barer, Michael, and Fennell, Dean A.

Published
2024
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23. The 'One2One' Structured Oral Examination Is a Valuable and Positively Rated Science Education Tool That Drives Academic Success

Author

Erin Spicer and Matthew Ramer

Abstract

Structured oral examinations (SOEs) result in higher test scores than traditional written assessments, but there lacks reproducible quantitative evidence supporting knowledge acquisition and retention. A modified SOE--called the One2One--whereby students present prepared answers to an instructor was evaluated for effectiveness in large classes despite its resource-intensive nature. This study used a post-assessment survey (Efficacy Assessment Survey, EAS) to measure the effect of the One2One on knowledge acquisition and retention, as well as student perceptions of its usefulness and perceived value. The One2One helped students learn and retain content better than by didactic lecture alone as demonstrated by significantly higher scores on One2One content as compared to control content (p<0.05) on the EAS (t-test) and this knowledge was retained until the end of the semester as measured by regression analysis. A previously identified drawback of SOEs is student-reported anxiety, however students' perception of the SOEs' usefulness and value are understudied. Here, thematic analysis of student feedback identified the One2One as being useful, a driver of learning, and of high professional value, albeit stressful. Though more resource intensive than traditional assessment methods, the One2One is a positively rated, authentic evaluation tool that motivates student learning.

Published
2023

24. Foliation adjunction

Author

Cascini, Paolo and Spicer, Calum

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, 14E30, 37F75
Abstract

We present an adjunction formula for foliations on varieties and we consider applications of the adjunction formula to the cone theorem for rank one foliations and the study of foliation singularities., Comment: 37 pages. Exposition improved based on referee's suggestions. Final version. Mathematische Annalen (to appear)

Published
2023

25. Probability, but not utility, influences repeated mental simulations of risky events

Author

Li, Yun-Xiao, Falben, Johanna, Castillo, Lucas, Spicer, Jake, Zhu, Jian-Qiao, Chater, Nick, and Sanborn, Adam

Subjects
Psychology, Decision making, Verbal protocol studies
Abstract

There has been considerable interest exploring how the utility of an outcome impacts the probability with which it is mentally simulated. Earlier studies using varying methodologies have yielded divergent conclusions with different directions of the influence. To directly examine such mental process, we employed a random generation paradigm in which all the outcomes were either equally (i.e., followed a uniform distribution) or unequally (i.e., a binomial distribution) probable. While our results revealed individual differences in how the utility influenced responses, the overall findings suggested that it is the outcomes' probabilities, not their utilities, that guide this process. Notably, an initial utility-independent bias emerged, with individuals displaying a tendency to start with smaller values when all outcomes are equally likely. Our findings offer insights into the benefits of studying the mental sampling processes and provide empirical support for particular sampling models in this domain.

Published
2024

26. Mental Sampling in Preferential Choice: Specifying the Sampling Algorithm

Author

Spicer, Jake, Li, Yun-Xiao, Castillo, Lucas, Falben, Johanna, Qian, Cheng Stella, Zhu, Jian-Qiao, Chater, Nick, and Sanborn, Adam

Subjects
Psychology, Decision making, Computational Modeling
Abstract

Recent decision making theories have explained behaviour using mental sampling mechanisms where people imagine possible outcomes to guide their choices. Simultaneously, work in other domains has found evidence of particular mental sampling patterns, such as autocorrelations between samples and moderation by prior assumptions, which current decision making theories do not generally consider. Here, we seek to unify this work, developing a new sampling model of preferential choice incorporating these findings in other domains. Our model, based on the Autocorrelated Bayesian Sampler, predicts choice, reaction time, confidence and valuation from a common underlying process. We find a strong correspondence between our model's predictions and empirical choice data, though performance remains below leading explanations for such tasks. Our model does however cover a broader set of response types than existing theories, suggesting the advantages of considering of a wider range of behaviours than are commonly examined in current decision making studies.

Published
2024

27. Unraveling Overreaction in Expectations: Leveraging Cognitive Sampling Algorithms in Price Prediction Tasks

Author

Zhou, Yuqi, Zhu, Jian-Qiao, Spicer, Jake, and Sanborn, Adam

Subjects
Psychology, Behavioral Science, Decision making, Bayesian modeling, Computational Modeling
Abstract

When making financial forecasts, individuals often overreact to recent information, as consistently observed in both laboratory studies with naïve participants and professional consensus real-world forecasting. Current models attribute this overreaction to either an overestimation of recent information or memory constraints favoring more accessible information. An alternative explanation suggests individuals accurately integrate all available information into their mental posterior probability distribution for forecasting, but are unable to directly access this distribution, leading to dependence on approximation methods such as sampling. Local sampling algorithms have received recent support in other forecasting contexts and may introduce overreaction as a consequence of a starting point bias. By reanalyzing existing data from a price prediction task with a random walk price series, we observe increasing variability in predicted values and forecast errors as the horizon expands. Employing this heightened variability and overreaction, we differentiate between competing explanations for the observed forecasting behavior.

Published
2024

28. Evaluation of markers of immunity in different metastatic immune microenvironments suggests more suppression within breast to liver metastases in breast cancer

Author

Hsu, Robert, Al-zubeidy, Batul, Flores, Daniel, Nazarian, Ari, Baugh, Aaron, Gonzalez, Edgar, Castanon, Sofi, Xiu, Joanne, Kang, Irene, Spicer, Darcy, Lenz, Heinz Josef, Dara, Lily, Ademuyiwa, Foluso O., Korn, W. Michael, Irshad, Sheeba, Chan, Isaac S., and Roussos Torres, Evanthia T.

Published
2024
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30. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Author

Mason, James Paul, Werth, Alexandra, West, Colin G., Youngblood, Allison A., Woodraska, Donald L., Peck, Courtney, Lacjak, Kevin, Frick, Florian G., Gabir, Moutamen, Alsinan, Reema A., Jacobsen, Thomas, Alrubaie, Mohammad, Chizmar, Kayla M., Lau, Benjamin P., Dominguez, Lizbeth Montoya, Price, David, Butler, Dylan R., Biron, Connor J., Feoktistov, Nikita, Dewey, Kai, Loomis, N. E., Bodzianowski, Michal, Kuybus, Connor, Dietrick, Henry, Wolfe, Aubrey M., Guerrero, Matt, Vinson, Jessica, Starbuck, Peter, Litton, Shelby D, Beck, M. G., Fisch, Jean-Paul, West, Ayana, Muniz, Alexis A., Chavez, Luis, Upthegrove, Zachary T., Runyon, Brenton M., Salazar, J., Kritzberg, Jake E., Murrel, Tyler, Ho, Ella, LaFemina, Quintin Y., Elbashir, Sara I., Chang, Ethan C., Hudson, Zachary A., Nussbaum, Rosemary O., Kennedy, Kellen, Kim, Kevin, Arango, Camila Villamil, Albakr, Mohammed A., Rotter, Michael, Garscadden, A. J., Salcido-Alcontar JR, Antonio, Pearl, Harrison M., Stepaniak, Tyler, Marquez, Josie A., Marsh, Lauren, Andringa, Jesse C, Osogwin, Austin, Shields, Amanda M., Brookins, Sarah, Hach, Grace K., Clausi, Alexis R., Millican, Emily B., Jaimes, Alan A, Graham, Alaina S., Burritt, John J., Perez, J. S., Ramirez, Nathaniel, Suri, Rohan, Myer, Michael S., Kresek, Zoe M., Goldsberry, C. A., Payne, Genevieve K., Jourabchi, Tara, Hu, J., Lucca, Jeffrey, Feng, Zitian, Gilpatrick, Connor B., Khan, Ibraheem A., Warble, Keenan, Sweeney, Joshua D., Dorricott, Philip, Meyer, Ethan, Kothamdi, Yash S., Sohail, Arman S., Grell, Kristyn, Floyd, Aidan, Bard, Titus, Mathieson, Randi M., Reed, Joseph, Cisneros, Alexis, Payne, Matthew P., Jarriel, J. R., Mora, Jacqueline Rodriguez, Sundell, M. E., Patel, Kajal, Alesmail, Mohammad, Alnasrallah, Yousef A, Abdullah, Jumana T., Molina-Saenz, Luis, Tayman, K. E., Brown, Gabriel T., Kerr-Layton, Liana, Berriman-Rozen, Zachary D., Hiatt, Quinn, Kalra, Etash, Ong, Jason, Vadayar, Shreenija, Shannahan, Callie D., Benke, Evan, zhang, Jinhua, Geisman, Jane, Martyr, Cara, Ameijenda, Federico, Akruwala, Ushmi H., Nehring, Molly, Kissner, Natalie, Rule, Ian C., Learned, Tyler, Smith, Alexandra N., Mazzotta, Liam, Rounsefell, Tyndall, Eyeson, Elizabeth A., Shelby, Arlee K., Moll, Tyler S, Menke, Riley, Shahba, Hannan, House Jr., Tony A., Clark, David B., Burns, Annemarie C., de La Beaujardiere, Tristan, Trautwein, Emily D., Plantz, Will, Reeves, Justin, Faber, Ian, Buxton, B. W., Highhouse, Nigel, Landrey, Kalin, Hansen, Connor M, Chen, Kevin, Hales, Ryder Buchanan, Borgerding, Luke R., Guo, Mutian, Crow, Christian J., Whittall, Lloyd C., Simmons, Conor, Folarin, Adeduni, Parkinson, Evan J., Rahn, Anna L., Blevins, Olivia, Morelock, Annalise M., Kelly, Nicholas, Parker, Nathan L., Smith, Kelly, Plzak, Audrey E., Saeb, David, Hares, Cameron T., Parker, Sasha R., McCoy, Andrew, Pham, Alexander V., Lauzon, Megan, Kennedy, Cayla J., Reyna, Andrea B., Acosta, Daniela M. Meza, Cool, Destiny J., Steinbarth, Sheen L., Mendoza-Anselmi, Patricia, Plutt, Kaitlyn E., Kipp, Isabel M, Rakhmonova, M., Brown, Cameron L., Van Anne, Gabreece, Moss, Alexander P., Golden, Olivia, Kirkpatrick, Hunter B., Colleran, Jake R., Sullivan, Brandon J, Tran, Kevin, Carpender, Michael Andrew, Mundy, Aria T., Koenig, Greta, Oudakker, Jessica, Engelhardt, Rasce, Ales, Nolan, Wexler, Ethan Benjamin, Beato, Quinn I, Chen, Lily, Cochran, Brooke, Hill, Paula, Hamilton, Sean R., Hashiro, Kyle, Khan, Usman, Martinez, Alexa M., Brockman, Jennifer L., Mallory, Macguire, Reed, Charlie, Terrile, Richard, Singh, Savi, Watson, James Adam, Creany, Joshua B., Price, Nicholas K., Miften, Aya M., Tran, Bryn, Kamenetskiy, Margaret, Martinez, Jose R., Opp, Elena N., Huang, Jianyang, Fails, Avery M., Belei, Brennan J., Slocum, Ryan, Astalos, Justin, East, Andrew, Nguyen, Lena P., Pherigo, Callie C, East, Andrew N., Li, David Y., Nelson, Maya LI, Taylor, Nicole, Odbayar, Anand, Rives, Anna Linnea, Mathur, Kabir P., Billingsley, Jacob, Polikoff, Hyden, Driscoll, Michael, Wilson, Orion K., Lahmers, Kyle, Toon, Nathaniel J., Lippincott, Sam, Musgrave, Andrew J., Gregory, Alannah H., Pitsuean-Meier, Sedique, Jesse, Trevor, Smith, Corey, Miles, Ethan J., Kainz, Sabrina J. H. T., Ji, Soo Yeun, Nguyen, Lena, Aryan, Maryam, Dinser, Alexis M., Shortman, Jadon, Bastias, Catalina S, Umbricht, Thomas D, Cage, Breonna, Randolph, Parker, Pollard, Matthew, Simone, Dylan M., Aramians, Andrew, Brecl, Ariana E., Robert, Amanda M., Zenner, Thomas, Saldi, Maxwell, Morales, Gavin, Mendez, Citlali, Syed, Konner, Vogel, Connor Maklain, Cone, Rebecca A., Berhanu, Naomi, Carpenter, Emily, Leoni, Cecilia, Bryan, Samuel, Ramachandra, Nidhi, Shaw, Timothy, Lee, E. C., Monyek, Eli, Wegner, Aidan B., Sharma, Shajesh, Lister, Barrett, White, Jamison R., Willard, John S., Sulaiman, S. A, Blandon, Guillermo, Narayan, Anoothi, Ruger, Ryan, Kelley, Morgan A., Moreno, Angel J., Balcer, Leo M, Ward-Chene, N. R. D., Shelby, Emma, Reagan, Brian D., Marsh, Toni, Sarkar, Sucheta, Kelley, Michael P., Fell, Kevin, Balaji, Sahana, Hildebrand, Annalise K., Shoha, Dominick, Nandu, Kshmya, Tucker, Julia, Cancio, Alejandro R., Wang, Jiawei, Rapaport, Sarah Grace, Maravi, Aimee S., Mayer, Victoria A., Miller, Andrew, Bence, Caden, Koke, Emily, Fauntleroy, John T, Doermer, Timothy, Al-Ghazwi, Adel, Morgan, Remy, Alahmed, Mohammed S., Mathavan, Adam Izz Khan Mohd Reduan, Silvester, H. K., Weiner, Amanda M., Liu, Nianzi, Iovan, Taro, Jensen, Alexander V., AlHarbi, Yazeed A., Jiang, Yufan, Zhang, Jiaqi, Jones, Olivia M., Huang, Chenqi, Reh, Eileen N., Alhamli, Dania, Pettine, Joshua, Zhou, Chongrui, Kriegman, Dylan, Yang, Jianing, Ash, Kevin, Savage, Carl, Kaiser, Emily, Augenstein, Dakota N., Padilla, Jacqueline, Stark, Ethan K., Hansen, Joshua A., Kokes, Thomas, Huynh, Leslie, Sanchez-Sanchez, Gustavo, Jeseritz, Luke A., Carillion, Emma L., Vepa, Aditya V., Khanal, Sapriya, Behr, Braden, Martin, Logan S., McMullan, Jesse J., Zhao, Tianwei, Williams, Abigail K., Alqabani, Emeen, Prinster, Gale H., Horne, Linda, Ruggles-Delgado, Kendall, Otto, Grant, Gomez, Angel R., Nguyen, Leonardo, Brumley, Preston J., Venegas, Nancy Ortiz, Varela, Ilian, Brownlow, Jordi, Cruz, Avril, Leiker, Linzhi, Batra, Jasleen, Hutabarat, Abigail P., Nunes-Valdes, Dario, Jameson, Connor, Naqi, Abdulaziz, Adams, Dante Q., Biediger, Blaine B., Borelli, William T, Cisne, Nicholas A., Collins, Nathaniel A., Curnow, Tyler L., Gopalakrishnan, Sean, Griffin, Nicholas F., Herrera, Emanuel, McGarvey, Meaghan V., Mellett, Sarah, Overchuk, Igor, Shaver, Nathan, Stratmeyer, Cooper N., Vess, Marcus T., Juels, Parker, Alyami, Saleh A., Gale, Skylar, Wallace, Steven P., Hunter, Samuel C, Lonergan, Mia C., Stewart, Trey, Maksimuk, Tiffany E., Lam, Antonia, Tressler, Judah, Napoletano, Elena R., Miller, Joshua B., Roy, Marc G., Chanders, Jasey, Fischer, Emmalee, Croteau, A. J., Kuiper, Nicolas A., Hoffman, Alex, DeBarros, Elyse, Curry, Riley T., Brzostowicz, A., Courtney, Jonas, Zhao, Tiannie, Szabo, Emi, Ghaith, Bandar Abu, Slyne, Colin, Beck, Lily, Quinonez, Oliver, Collins, Sarah, Madonna, Claire A., Morency, Cora, Palizzi, Mallory, Herwig, Tim, Beauprez, Jacob N., Ghiassi, Dorsa, Doran, Caroline R., Yang, Zhanchao, Padgette, Hannah M., Dicken, Cyrus A., Austin, Bryce W., Phalen, Ethan J., Xiao, Catherine, Palos, Adler, Gerhardstein, Phillip, Altenbern, Ava L., Orbidan, Dan, Dorr, Jackson A., Rivas, Guillermo A., Ewing, Calvin A, Giebner, B. C., McEntee, Kelleen, Kite, Emily R., Crocker, K. A., Haley, Mark S., Lezak, Adrienne R., McQuaid, Ella, Jeong, Jacob, Albaum, Jonathan, Hrudka, E. M., Mulcahy, Owen T., Tanguma, Nolan C., Oishi-Holder, Sean, White, Zachary, Coe, Ryan W., Boyer, Christine, Chapman, Mitchell G., Fortino, Elise, Salgado, Jose A., Hellweg, Tim, Martinez, Hazelia K., Mitchell, Alexander J., Schubert, Stephanie H., Schumacher, Grace K, Tesdahl, Corey D, Uphoff, C. H., Vassilyev, Alexandr, Witkoff, Briahn, Wolle, Jackson R., Dice, Kenzie A., Behrer, Timothy A., Bowen, Troy, Campbell, Andrew J, Clarkson, Peter C, Duong, Tien Q., Hawat, Elijah, Lopez, Christian, Olson, Nathaniel P., Osborn, Matthew, Peou, Munisettha E., Vaver, Nicholas J., Husted, Troy, Kallemeyn, Nicolas Ian, Spangler, Ava A, Mccurry, Kyle, Schultze, Courtney, Troisi, Thomas, Thomas, Daniel, Ort, Althea E., Singh, Maya A., Soon, Caitlin, Patton, Catherine, Billman, Jayce A., Jarvis, Sam, Hitt, Travis, Masri, Mirna, Albalushi, Yusef J., Schofer, Matthew J, Linnane, Katherine B., Knott, Philip Whiting, Valencia, Whitney, Arias-Robles, Brian A., Ryder, Diana, Simone, Anna, Abrams, Jonathan M., Belknap, Annelene L., Rouse, Charlotte, Reynolds, Alexander, Petric, Romeo S. L., Gomez, Angel A., Meiselman-Ashen, Jonah B., Carey, Luke, Dias, John S., Fischer-White, Jules, Forbes, Aidan E., Galarraga, Gabriela, Kennedy, Forrest, Lawlor, Rian, Murphy, Maxwell J., Norris, Cooper, Quarderer, Josh, Waller, Caroline, Weber, Robert J., Gunderson, Nicole, Boyne, Tom, Gregory, Joshua A., Propper, Henry Austin, von Peccoz, Charles B. Beck, Branch, Donovan, Clarke, Evelyn, Cutler, Libby, Dabberdt, Frederick M., Das, Swagatam, Figueirinhas, John Alfred D., Fougere, Benjamin L., Roy, Zoe A., Zhao, Noah Y., Cox, Corben L., Barnhart, Logan D. W., Craig, Wilmsen B., Moll, Hayden, Pohle, Kyle, Mueller, Alexander, Smith, Elena K., Spicer, Benjamin C., Aycock, Matthew C., Bat-Ulzii, Batchimeg, Murphy, Madalyn C., Altokhais, Abdullah, Thornally, Noah R., Kleinhaus, Olivia R., Sarfaraz, Darian, Barnes, Grant M., Beard, Sara, Banda, David J, Davis, Emma A. B., Huebsch, Tyler J., Wagoner, Michaela, Griego, Justus, Hale, Jack J. Mc, Porter, Trevor J., Abrashoff, Riley, Phan, Denise M., Smith, Samantha M., Srivastava, Ashish, Schlenker, Jared A. W., Madsen, Kasey O., Hirschmann, Anna E., Rankin, Frederick C, Akbar, Zainab A., Blouin, Ethan, Coleman-Plante, Aislinn, Hintsa, Evan, Lookhoff, Emily, Amer, Hamzi, Deng, Tianyue, Dvorak, Peter, Minimo, Josh, Plummer, William C., Ton, Kelly, Solt, Lincoln, AlAbbas, Batool H., AlAwadhi, Areej A., Cooper, Nicholas M., Corbitt, Jessica S, Dunlap, Christian, Johnson, Owen, Malone, Ryan A., Tellez, Yesica, Wallace, Logan, Ta, Michael-Tan D., Wheeler, Nicola H., Ramirez, Ariana C., Huang, Shancheng, Mehidic, Amar, Christiansen, Katherine E, Desai, Om, Domke, Emerson N., Howell, Noah H., Allsbrook, Martin, Alnaji, Teeb, England, Colin, Siles, Nathan, Burton, Nicholas David, Cruse, Zoe, Gilmartin, Dalton, Kim, Brian T., Hattendorf, Elsie, Buhamad, Maryam, Gayou, Lily, Seglem, Kasper, Alkhezzi, Tameem, Hicks, Imari R., Fife, Ryann, Pelster, Lily M., Fix, Alexander, Sur, Sohan N., Truong, Joshua K., Kubiak, Bartlomiej, Bondar, Matthew, Shi, Kyle Z., Johnston, Julia, Acevedo, Andres B., Lee, Junwon, Solorio, William J., Johnston, Braedon Y., McCormick, Tyler, Olguin, Nicholas, Pastor, Paige J., Wilson, Evan M., Trunko, Benjamin L., Sjoroos, Chris, Adams, Kalvyn N, Bell, Aislyn, Brumage-Heller, Grant, Canales, Braden P., Chiles, Bradyn, Driscoll, Kailer H., Hill, Hallie, Isert, Samuel A., Ketterer, Marilyn, Kim, Matthew M., Mewhirter, William J., Phillips, Lance, Phommatha, Krista, Quinn, Megan S., Reddy, Brooklyn J., Rippel, Matthew, Russell, Bowman, Williams, Sajan, Pixley, Andrew M., Gapin, Keala C., Peterson, B., Ruprecht, Collin, Hardie, Isabelle, Li, Isaac, Erickson, Abbey, Gersabeck, Clint, Gopalani, Mariam, Allanqawi, Nasser, Burton, Taylor, Cahn, Jackson R., Conti, Reese, White, Oliver S., Rojec, Stewart, Hogen, Blake A., Swartz, Jason R., Dick, R., Battist, Lexi, Dunn, Gabrielle M., Gasser, Rachel, Logan, Timothy W., Sinkovic, Madeline, Schaller, Marcus T., Heintz, Danielle A., Enrich, Andrew, Sanchez, Ethan S., Perez, Freddy, Flores, Fernando, Kapla, Shaun D., Shockley, Michael C., Phillips, Justin, Rumley, Madigan, Daboub, Johnston, Karsh, Brennan J., Linders, Bridget, Chen, Sam, Do, Helen C., Avula, Abhinav, French, James M., Bertuccio, Chrisanna, Hand, Tyler, Lee, Adrianna J., Neeland, Brenna K, Salazar, Violeta, Andrew, Carter, Barmore, Abby, Beatty, Thomas, Alonzi, Nicholas, Brown, Ryan, Chandler, Olivia M., Collier, Curran, Current, Hayden, Delasantos, Megan E., Bonilla, Alberto Espinosa de los Monteros, Fowler, Alexandra A., Geneser, Julianne R., Gentry, Eleanor, Gustavsson, E. R., Hansson, Jonathan, Hao, Tony Yunfei, Herrington, Robert N., Kelly, James, Kelly, Teagan, Kennedy, Abigail, Marquez, Mathew J., Meillon, Stella, Palmgren, Madeleine L., Pesce, Anneliese, Ranjan, Anurag, Robertson, Samuel M., Smith, Percy, Smith, Trevor J, Soby, Daniel A., Stratton, Grant L., Thielmann, Quinn N., Toups, Malena C., Veta, Jenna S., Young, Trenton J., Maly, Blake, Manzanares, Xander R., Beijer, Joshua, George, Jacob D., Mills, Dylan P., Ziebold, Josh J, Chambers, Paige, Montoya, Michael, Cheang, Nathan M., Anderson, Hunter J., Duncan, Sheridan J., Ehrlich, Lauren, Hudson, Nathan C., Kiechlin, Jack L., Koch, Will, Lee, Justin, Menassa, Dominic, Oakes, S. H., Petersen, Audrey J., Bunsow, J. R. Ramirez, Bay, Joshua, Ramirez, Sacha, Fenwick, Logan D., Boyle, Aidan P., Hibbard, Lea Pearl, Haubrich, Calder, Sherry, Daniel P., Jenkins, Josh, Furney, Sebastian, Velamala, Anjali A., Krueger, Davis J., Thompson, William N., Chhetri, Jenisha, Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan, Ray, Mia G. V., Recchia, John C., Lengerich, Dylan, Taulman, Kyle, Romero, Andres C., Steward, Ellie N., Russell, Sloan, Hardwick, Dillon F., Wootten, Katelynn, Nguyen, Valerie A., Quispe, Devon, Ragsdale, Cameron, Young, Isabel, Atchley-Rivers, N. S., Stribling, Jordin L., Gentile, Julia G, Boeyink, Taylor A., Kwiatkowski, Daniel, Dupeyron, Tomi Oshima, Crews, Anastasia, Shuttleworth, Mitchell, Dresdner, Danielle C., Flackett, Lydia, Haratsaris, Nicholas, Linger, Morgan I, Misener, Jay H., Patti, Samuel, Pine, Tawanchai P., Marikar, Nasreen, Matessi, Giorgio, Routledge, Allie C., Alkaabi, Suhail, Bartman, Jessica L., Bisacca, Gabrielle E., Busch, Celeste, Edwards, Bree, Staudenmier, Caitlyn, Starling, Travis, McVey, Caden, Montano, Maximus, Contizano, Charles J., Taylor, Eleanor, McIntyre, James K., Victory, Andrew, McCammon, Glen S., Kimlicko, Aspen, Sheldrake, Tucker, Shelchuk, Grace, Von Reich, Ferin J., Hicks, Andrew J., O'neill, Ian, Rossman, Beth, Taylor, Liam C., MacDonald, William, Becker, Simone E., Han, Soonhee, O'Sullivan, Cian, Wilcove, Isaac, Brennan, David J., Hanley, Luke C., Hull, Owen, Wilson, Timothy R., Kalmus, Madison H., Berv, Owen A., Harris, Logan Swous, Doan, Chris H, Londres, Nathan, Parulekar, Anish, Adam, Megan M., Angwin, Abigail, Cabbage, Carter C., Colleran, Zachary, Pietras, Alex, Seux, Octave, Oros, Ryan, Wilkinson, Blake C., Nguyen, Khoa D, Trank-Greene, Maedee, Barone, Kevin M., Snyder, G. L., Biehle, Samuel J, Billig, Brennen, Almquist, Justin Thomas, Dixon, Alyssa M., Erickson, Benjamin, Evans, Nathan, Genne, SL, Kelly, Christopher M, Marcus, Serafima M., Ogle, Caleb, Patel, Akhil, Vendetti, Evan, Courtney, Olivia, Deel, Sean, Del Foco, Leonardo, Gjini, Michael, Haines, Jessica, Hoff, Isabelle J., Jones, M. R., Killian, Dominic, Kuehl, Kirsten, Kuester, Chrisanne, Lantz, Maxwell B., Lee, Christian J, Mauer, Graham, McKemey, Finbar K., Millican, Sarah J., Rosasco, Ryan, Stewart, T. C., VanEtten, Eleanor, Derwin, Zachary, Serio, Lauren, Sickler, Molly G., Blake, Cassidy A., Patel, Neil S., Fox, Margaret, Gray, Michael J, Ziegler, Lucas J., Kumar, Aman Priyadarshi, Polly, Madelyn, Mesgina, Sarah, McMorris, Zane, Griffin, Kyle J., Haile, L. N., Bassel, Claire, Dixon, Thomas J., Beattie, Ryan, Houck, Timothy J, Rodgers, Maeve, Trofino, Tyson R., Lukianow, Dax, Smart, Korben, Hall, Jacqueline L., Bone, Lauren, Baldwin, James O., Doane, Connor, Almohsen, Yousef A., Stamos, Emily, Acha, Iker, Kim, Jake, Samour II, Antonio E., Chavali, S., Kanokthippayakun, Jeerakit, Gotlib, Nicholas, Murphy, Ryan C., Archibald, Jack. W., Brimhall, Alexander J, Boyer, Aidan, Chapman, Logan T., Chadda, Shivank, Sibrell, Lisa, Vallery, Mia M., Conroy, Thomas C., Pan, Luke J., Balajonda, Brian, Fuhrman, Bethany E. S., Alkubaisi, Mohamed, Engelstad, Jacob, Dodrill, Joshua, Fuchs, Calvin R., Bullard-Connor, Gigi, Alhuseini, Isehaq, Zygmunt, James C., Sipowicz, Leo, Hayrynen, Griffin A., McGill, Riley M., Keating, Caden J., Hart, Omer, Cyr, Aidan St., Steinsberger, Christopher H., Thoman, Gerig, Wood, Travis M., Ingram, Julia A., Dominguez, J., Georgiades, Nathaniel James, Johnson, Matthew, Johnson, Sawyer, Pedersen, Alexander J., Ralapanawe, Anoush K, Thomas, Jeffrey J., Sato, Ginn A., Reynolds, Hope, Nasser, Liebe, Mizzi, Alexander Z., Damgaard, Olivia, Baflah, Abdulrahman A., Liu, Steven Y., Salindeho, Adam D., Norden, Kelso, Gearhart, Emily E., Krajnak, Zack, Szeremeta, Philip, Amos, Meggan, Shin, Kyungeun, Muckenthaler, Brandon A., Medialdea, Melissa, Beach, Simone, Wilson, Connor B., Adams, Elena R, Aldhamen, Ahmed, Harris, Coyle M., Hesse, Troy M., Golding, Nathan T., Larter, Zachary, Hernandez, Angel, Morales, Genaro, Traxler, Robert B., Alosaimi, Meshal, Fitton, Aidan F., Aaron, James Holland, Lee, Nathaniel F., Liao, Ryan Z., Chen, Judy, French, Katherine V., Loring, Justin, Colter, Aurora, McConvey, Rowan, Colozzi, Michael, Vann, John D., Scheck, Benjamin T., Weigand, Anthony A, Alhabeeb, Abdulelah, Idoine, Yolande, Woodard, Aiden L., Medellin, Mateo M., Ratajczyk, Nicholas O, Tobin, Darien P., Collins, Jack C., Horning, Thomas M., Pellatz, Nick, Pitten, John, Lordi, Noah, Patterson, Alyx, Hoang, Thi D, Zimmermann, Ingrid H, Wang, Hongda, Steckhahn, Daniel, Aradhya, Arvind J., Oliver, Kristin A., Cai, Yijian, Wang, Chaoran, Yegovtsev, Nikolay, Wu, Mengyu, Ganesan, Koushik, Osborne, Andrew, Wickenden, Evan, Meyer, Josephine C., Chaparro, David, Visal, Aseem, Liu, Haixin, Menon, Thanmay S., Jin, Yan, Wilson, John, Erikson, James W., Luo, Zheng, Shitara, Nanako, Nelson, Emma E, Geerdts, T. R., Ortiz, Jorge L Ramirez, and Lewandowski, H. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $\alpha=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $>$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $\alpha = 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en waves are an important driver of coronal heating., Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 71

Published
2023
Full Text
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31. Preliminary Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Novel Community Language Intervention for Preschool Children in the United Kingdom

Author

Nicola Botting, Helen Spicer-Cain, Bernadine Buckley, Elizabeth Mercado, Khadija Sharif, Liz Wood, Jane Flynn, and Louisa Reeves

Abstract

Background: Very young children from lower socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds often show poorer language development. Whilst there have been attempts to provide early intervention programmes, these sometimes miss the most disadvantaged groups. Aims: This report presents preliminary feasibility and effectiveness data for a novel language intervention designed for parents of toddlers in the United Kingdom. Methods and Procedures: In total, 43 UK families of 2--4-year-olds were recruited to the study, half of whom completed an 8-week course (Tots Talking) focussed on parent interaction, and half of whom acted as wait-list controls. Results and Outcomes: Results suggest that such programmes are feasible for families with 86% staying in the intervention. In addition, greater changes in underlying communication skills such as joint attention and gesture were evident compared to wait-list controls. Conclusions and Implications: We conclude that pre-verbal skills may be more important to measure as initial outcomes than language or vocabulary change in this population.

Published
2024
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32. MMP for algebraically integrable foliations

Author

Cascini, Paolo and Spicer, Calum

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, 14E30, 37F75
Abstract

We show that termination of flips for $\mathbb Q$-factorial klt pairs in dimension $r$ implies existence of minimal models for algebraically integrable foliations of rank $r$ with log canonical singularities over a $\mathbb Q$-factorial klt projective variety., Comment: 14 pages

Published
2023

33. Documenting Your Teaching: A Guide to Promote Reflective and Responsive Instruction

Author

María Luisa Spicer-Escalante and Sylvia Read

Abstract

Why is teaching documentation so important right now in the educational context? In the United States, teaching, along with research and service, is a crucial component of someone's professional profile in academia. As part of the review process for faculty reappointment or promotion, most institutions require evidence of effective teaching. This article provides key guidelines for how faculty can collect, explain, and showcase their impact and potential as effective instructors in their teaching dossiers or portfolios. Teaching dossiers are based on three main components: materials from oneself, materials from others, and products of good teaching and student learning (Seldin et al, 2010). This article also discusses some strategies that teachers may use to document their teaching, such as journaling and self-assessment and collaborative assessment (Farrell, 2013, 2018, 2019; Spicer-Escalante & Kannan, 2016). The guidelines and resources outlined in this article are supported by ten years of experience in assisting colleagues from different disciplines to write their teaching documentation and assemble the evidence to support their claims. We share the model that we have successfully used in a mentoring program within a university context. We conclude that only by documenting our teaching efforts and thinking about them will we be able to begin our path toward a more reflective and responsive practice in our classrooms.

Published
2022

34. On semi-ampleness of the moduli part

Author

Filipazzi, Stefano and Spicer, Calum

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry
Abstract

We discuss a conjecture of Shokurov on the semi-ampleness of the moduli part of a general fibration., Comment: 28 pages, comments welcome!

Published
2022

36. Docetaxel-Based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by En Bloc Resection for Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A 15-Year Retrospective Analysis from a Regional Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Network

Author

Tankel, James, Ahmed, Nabeel, Mueller, Carmen, Najmeh, Sarah, Spicer, Jonathan, Mulder, David, Cool-Lartigue, Jonathan, Rousseau, Mathieu, Frechette, Dominique, Sud, Shelly, Kavan, Petr, Moghrabi, Albert, Champagne, Martin, Lemay, Frederic, Dalfen, Richard, Sirhan, Shireen, Asselah, Jamil, Alcindor, Thierry, and Ferri, Lorenzo

Published
2024
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38. Leading Continuous Improvement in Schools: Enacting Leadership Standards to Advance Educational Quality and Equity. PSEL/NELP Leadership Preparation

Author

Anderson, Erin, Cunningham, Kathleen M. W., Eddy-Spicer, David H., Anderson, Erin, Cunningham, Kathleen M. W., and Eddy-Spicer, David H.

Abstract

This volume provides a set of principles and systematic methods for improvement to help district and school leaders achieve the continuous improvement goals embedded in the Professional Standard for Educational Leadership (PSEL) and the National Educational Leadership Program (NELP) standards. Bringing the PSEL Standard 10 to life, this book tackles the why, how, and what of continuous improvement through an equity lens. In the first section, "Leading Continuous Improvement in Schools" provides an overall introduction to and rationale for continuous improvement, situating current approaches to continuous improvement, situating current approaches to continuous improvement in education within broader historical and sectoral contexts. The second section highlights how the tenets of improvement science -- such as making iterative, incremental, evidence-based advancements; utilizing practical measurements; and acknowledging variability -- position school and system leaders to adaptively integrate systematic and evidence-based approaches to change as part of ongoing organizational processes. The book concludes with a section that invites readers to consider leadership approaches that forward improvement work, how leaders can build internal capacity to engage in improvement, and how policy can support efforts to build and sustain the capacity for continuous improvement. Special features include beginning-of-chapter highlights, end-of-chapter connections to standards, and action inventories through each chapter. Overall, the volume provides a focus on the continuous improvement aspects of the NELP and PSEL standards that serves as a bridge, supporting students preparing to become educational leaders in their journey from learning about continuous improvement to learning how to lead continuous, equity-oriented improvement work in their own contexts.

Published
2023

39. Mealtime Developmental Skills: Surveying the Knowledge of Early Interventionists

Author

Smyth, Catherine A., Ferrell, Kay Alicyn, Clark, Alena, Erskine, Jamie, Spicer, Carol L., Morgese, Zoe L., Puchalski, Carol Benson, Zaghlawan, Hasan, Dewald, Hong Phangia, Dewald, Aaron John, and Pickler, Laura

Abstract

Young children with visual impairment and their families often require specialized assistance through early intervention to develop adaptive routines, cues, and environmental settings during mealtimes and other daily tasks. There is little empirical data in the area of mealtime routines available to support families of young children with visual impairment, and the need for research-based interventions is great. The purpose of this initial needs assessment survey was to gather information as little is already known about what teachers of students with visual impairment trained in early intervention (TSVI-EIs) and other early interventionists who work with infants and toddlers with visual impairment already know about the development of independent mealtime skills. The results of this survey indicate that early intervention professionals would like additional opportunities to learn about mealtime routine strategies for young children with visual impairment, confirm their current experiences and knowledge, and identify additional training and resources.

Published
2023
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40. Reactive Laser Synthesis of Ultra-high-temperature Ceramics HfC, ZrC, TiC, HfN, ZrN, and TiN for Additive Manufacturing

Author

Peters, Adam B., Wang, Chuhong, Zhang, Dajie, Hernandez, Alberto, Nagle, Dennis C., Mueller, Tim, and Spicer, James B.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are optimal structural materials for applications that require extreme temperature resilience, resistance to chemically aggressive environments, wear, and mechanical stress. Processing UHTCs with laser-based additive manufacturing (AM) has not been fully realized due to a variety of obstacles. In this work, selective laser reaction sintering (SLRS) techniques were investigated for the production of near net-shape UHTC ceramics such as HfC, ZrC, TiC, HfN, ZrN, and TiN. Group IV transition metal and metal oxide precursor materials were chemically converted and reaction-bonded into layers of UHTCs using single-step selective laser processing in CH4 or NH3 gas that might be compatible with prevailing powder bed fusion techniques. Conversion of either metals (Hf, Zr and Ti) or metal oxides (HfO2, ZrO2, and TiO2) particles was first investigated to examine reaction mechanisms and volume changes associated with SLRS of single-component precursor systems. SLRS processing of metal or metal oxide alone produced near stoichiometric UHTC phases with yields up to 100 wt% total for carbides and nitrides. However, for single component precursors, gas-solid reactivity induced volumetric changes resulted in residual stresses and cracking in the product layer. To mitigate conversion-induced stresses, composite metal/metal oxide precursors were employed to compensate for the volume changes of either the metal (which expands during conversion) or the metal oxide precursor (which contracts)., Comment: 58 pages, 17 figures

Published
2022

41. Selective Laser Reaction Synthesis of SiC, Si$_3$N$_4$ and HfC/SiC Composites for Additive Manufacturing

Author

Peters, Adam B., Zhang, Dajie, Hernandez, Alberto, Wang, Chuhong, Nagle, Dennis C., Mueller, Tim, and Spicer, James B.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Selective laser reaction sintering techniques (SLRS) techniques were investigated for the production of near net-shape non-oxide ceramics including SiC, Si$_3$N$_4$, and HfC/SiC composites that might be compatible with prevailing powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes. Reaction bonded layers of covalent ceramics were produced using in-situ reactions that occur during selective laser processing and layer formation. During SLRS, precursor materials composed of metal and/or metal oxide powders were fashioned into powder beds for conversion to non-oxide ceramic layers. Laser-processing was used to initiate simultaneous chemical conversion and local interparticle bonding of precursor particles in CH4 or NH3 gases. Several factors related to the reaction synthesis process (precursor chemistry, gas-solid and gas-liquid synthesis mechanisms, precursor vapor pressures) were investigated in relation to resulting microstructures and non-oxide yields. Results indicated that the volumetric changes which occurred during in-situ conversion of single component precursors negatively impacted the surface layer microstructure. To circumvent the internal stresses and cracking that accompanied the conversion of Si or Hf (that expands upon conversion) or SiO$_x$ (that contracts during conversion), optimized ratios of the precursor constituents were used to produce near isovolumetric conversion to the product phase. The results demonstrate that under appropriate processing conditions and precursor selection, the formation of near net-shape SiC and SiC composites might be achieved through single-step AM-compatible techniques., Comment: 31 pages, 11 figures

Published
2022

42. Reactive Two-Step Additive Manufacturing of Ultra-high Temperature Carbide Ceramics

Author

Peters, Adam B., Zhang, Dajie, Nagle, Dennis C., and Spicer, James B.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTCs) are candidate structural materials for applications that require resiliency to extreme temperature (>2000{\deg}C), high mechanical loads, or aggressive oxidizing environments. Processing UHTC transition metal carbides as standalone materials using additive manufacturing (AM) methods has not been fully realized due to their extremely slow atomic diffusivities that impede sintering and large volume changes during indirect AM that can induce defect structures. In this work, a two-step, reactive AM approach was studied for the formation of the ultra-high temperature ceramic TiCx. Readily available equipment including a polymer powder bed fusion AM machine and a traditional tube furnace were used to produce UHTC cubes and lattice structures with sub-millimeter resolution. This processing scheme incorporated, (1) selective laser sintering of a Ti precursor mixed with a phenolic binder for green body shaping, and (2) ex-situ, isothermal gas-solid conversion of the green body in CH4 to form TiCx structures. Reactive post-processing in CH4 resulted in up to 98.2 wt% TiC0.90 product yield and a reduction in net-shrinkage during consolidation due to the volume expansion associated with the conversion of Ti to TiC. Results indicated that reaction bonding associated with the Gibbs free energy release associated with TiC formation produced interparticle adhesion at low furnace processing temperatures. The ability to bond highly refractory materials through this type of process resulted in structures that were crack-free and resisted fracture during thermal shock testing. Broadly, the additive manufacturing approach presented could be useful for the production of many UHTC carbides that might otherwise be incompatible with prevailing AM techniques that do not include reaction synthesis., Comment: 23 pages,14 figures, one figure with link to external video

Published
2022

43. Propulsion, deformation, and confinement response of hollow nanocellulose millimotors

Author

Hosseini, Maryam, Babayekhorasani, Firoozeh, Guo, Ziyi, Liang, Kang, Chen, Vicki, and Spicer, Patrick T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Applied Physics, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

Micromotor and nanomotor particles are typically made using dense solid particles that can sediment or be trapped in confined flow environments. Creation of much larger motors should be possible if a very low-density system is used with sufficient strength to carry liquid and still experience propulsive motion. Light, dense millimotors should also be able to deform more than dense solid ones in constrictions. Millimotors are created from permeable capsules of bacterial cellulose that are coated with catalase-containing metal-organic frameworks, enabling reactive propulsion in aqueous hydrogen peroxide. The motion of the motors is quantified using particle tracking and the deformation is measured using microcapillary compression and flow through confined channels. Two different propulsion mechanisms are dominant depending on the motor surface chemistry: oxygen bubbles are expelled from hydrophilic millimotors, driving motion via reaction force and buoyancy. Hydrophobic millimotors remain attached to growing bubbles and move by buoyancy alone. Despite their large size, the low-density capsules compress to pass through contractions that would impede and be blocked by solid motors. The sparse structure but relatively large size of the motors enables them to transport significant volumes of liquid using minimal solid mass as a motor support structure.

Published
2022

44. A new vulnerability to BET inhibition due to enhanced autophagy in BRCA2 deficient pancreatic cancer

Author

Lee, EunJung, Archasappawat, Suyakarn, Ji, Keely, Pena, Jocelyn, Fernandez-Vega, Virneliz, Gangaraju, Ritika, Beesabathuni, Nitin Sai, Kim, Martin Jean, Tian, Qi, Shah, Priya S, Scampavia, Louis, Spicer, Timothy P, and Hwang, Chang-Il

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Rare Diseases, Minority Health, Pancreatic Cancer, Digestive Diseases, Genetics, Health Disparities, Cancer, Precision Medicine, Orphan Drug, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Humans, Mice, Autophagic Cell Death, Autophagy, BRCA2 Protein, Pancreas, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biochemistry and cell biology, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in human malignancies. Among total pancreatic cancer patients, ~10% of patients are categorized as familial pancreatic cancer (FPC) patients, carrying germline mutations of the genes involved in DNA repair pathways (e.g., BRCA2). Personalized medicine approaches tailored toward patients' mutations would improve patients' outcome. To identify novel vulnerabilities of BRCA2-deficient pancreatic cancer, we generated isogenic Brca2-deficient murine pancreatic cancer cell lines and performed high-throughput drug screens. High-throughput drug screening revealed that Brca2-deficient cells are sensitive to Bromodomain and Extraterminal Motif (BET) inhibitors, suggesting that BET inhibition might be a potential therapeutic approach. We found that BRCA2 deficiency increased autophagic flux, which was further enhanced by BET inhibition in Brca2-deficient pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in autophagy-dependent cell death. Our data suggests that BET inhibition can be a novel therapeutic strategy for BRCA2-deficient pancreatic cancer.

Published
2023

46. Association between pathologic response and survival after neoadjuvant therapy in lung cancer

Author

Deutsch, Julie Stein, Cimino-Mathews, Ashley, Thompson, Elizabeth, Provencio, Mariano, Forde, Patrick M., Spicer, Jonathan, Girard, Nicolas, Wang, Daphne, Anders, Robert A., Gabrielson, Edward, Illei, Peter, Jedrych, Jaroslaw, Danilova, Ludmila, Sunshine, Joel, Kerr, Keith M., Tran, Mia, Bushong, Judith, Cai, Junliang, Devas, Vipul, Neely, Jaclyn, Balli, David, Cottrell, Tricia R., Baras, Alex S., and Taube, Janis M.

Published
2024
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47. Molecular and colloidal transport in bacterial cellulose hydrogels

Author

Babayekhorasani, Firoozeh, Hosseini, Maryam, and Spicer, Patrick T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Biological Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Bacterial cellulose biofilms are complex networks of strong interwoven nanofibers that control transport and protect bacterial colonies in the film. Design of diverse applications of bacterial cellulose films also relies on understanding and controlling transport through the fiber mesh, and transport simulations of the films are most accurate when guided by experimental characterization of the structures and the resultant diffusion inside. Diffusion through such films is a function of their key microstructural length scales, determining how molecules, as well as particles and microorganisms, permeate them. We use microscopy to study the unique bacterial cellulose film structure and quantify the mobility dynamics of various sizes of tracer particles and macromolecules. Mobility is hindered within the films, as confinement and local movement strongly depend on void size relative to diffusing tracers. The biofilms have a naturally periodic structure of alternating dense and porous layers of nanofiber mesh, and we tune the magnitude of the spacing via fermentation conditions. Micron-sized particles can diffuse through the porous layers, but can not penetrate the dense layers. Tracer mobility in the porous layers is isotropic, indicating a largely random pore structure there. Molecular diffusion through the whole film is only slightly reduced by the structural tortuosity. Knowledge of transport variations within bacterial cellulose networks can be used to guide design of symbiotic cultures in these structures and enhance their use in applications biomedical implants, wound dressings, lab-grown meat, and sensors.

Published
2022

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