Search

В современных условиях появляются новые вызовы как для экономики страны, так и для конкретных регионов. Пандемия коронавируса и последовавшие за ней меры по купированию, рестрикционная политика коллективного запада в отношении РФ, уход иностранного бизнеса из России, курсовые шоки, восполнение дефицита товаров и технологий посредством импортозамещения – все это негативно сказывается на темпах роста экономики страны в целом и каждого субъекта в частности. Ответом на существующие угрозы является определение точек роста и дополнительных резервов поступательного развития территории, что представляется возможным только с привлечением внешнего инвестиционного ресурса. Именно поэтому, особенную актуальность представляет тема инвестиционной привлекательности региона, являющаяся непременным условием реализации стратегии привлечения финансовых ресурсов. В работе проведен анализ динамики валового регионального продукта Пермского края, динамики инвестиций в основной капитал и по формам собственности, распределения инвестиций в основной капитал в разрезе муниципальных образований, динамика иностранных инвестиций в Пермский край, количества проектов государственно-частного партнёрства (ГЧП), количества субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства, их среднесписочная численность работников и определены основные причины и факторы влияния, сформулированы и ранжированы риски. По результатам исследования были разработаны рекомендации по развитию точек роста, демпфированию выявленных угроз, улучшению инвестиционной привлекательности Пермского края, что будет способствовать динамическому развитию территории и усилению интеграции в национальную и глобальную экономику., In modern conditions, new challenges are emerging both for the country's economy and for specific regions. The coronavirus pandemic and the subsequent relief measures, the restrictive policy of the collective West towards the Russian Federation, the withdrawal of foreign business from Russia, exchange rate shocks, filling the shortage of goods and technologies through import substitution – all this negatively affects the growth rates of the country's economy as a whole and each subject in particular. The answer to the existing threats is to identify growth points and additional reserves for the progressive development of the territory, which is possible only with the involvement of an external investment resource. That is why the topic of investment attractiveness of the region is of particular relevance, which is an indispensable condition for the implementation of the strategy of attracting financial resources. The paper analyzes the dynamics of the gross regional product of the Perm Region, the dynamics of investments in fixed assets and ownership forms, the distribution of investments in fixed assets by municipalities, the dynamics of foreign investment in the Perm Region, the number of public-private partnership (PPP) projects, the number of small and medium-sized businesses, their average number of employees and the main causes and factors of influence are identified, risks are formulated and ranked. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed for the development of growth points, damping the identified threats, improving the investment attractiveness of the Perm Region, which will contribute to the dynamic development of the territory and strengthen integration into the national and global economy., Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 3 (152) 2023, Pages 493-503

International audience

Sequential postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (SPIC) is a chemotherapy abdominal infusion given as a postoperative adjuvant treatment for 6 months after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for peritoneal surface malignancies. It has most commonly been used in conjunction with ovarian cancer where the SPIC treatment has been integrated with adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. This review investigates the role of SPIC in the setting of colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases. The focus is on the CRS+SPIC combination treatment with no systemic chemotherapy component. Several cohort studies, several comparative studies, and one randomized trial have been reported with several important endpoints. The following aspects will be covered in this review: overall survival, disease-free survival, morbidity, quality-of-life, and cost-effectiveness. In comparison to systemic chemotherapy alone for isolated resectable colorectal peritoneal metastases, CRS+SPIC is superior concerning overall survival, has no difference in morbidity, is similar in quality-of-life, and SPIC is cast-effective. In comparison to HIPEC, results are conflicting in multivariate analysis; but in a univariate analysis HIPEC (most often combined with systemic adjuvant therapy) appears superior to SPIC alone (no systemic component). The future of SPIC is uncertain. However, a combination of HIPEC and SPIC +/- a systemic chemotherapy component is a possible direction to explore further.

Robust model-fitting to spectroscopic transitions is a requirement across many fields of science. The corrected Akaike and Bayesian information criteria (AICc and BIC) are most frequently used to select the optimal number of fitting parameters. In general, AICc modelling is thought to overfit (too many model parameters) and BIC underfits. For spectroscopic modelling, both AICc and BIC lack in two important respects: (a) no penalty distinction is made according to line strength such that parameters of weak lines close to the detection threshold are treated with equal importance as strong lines and (b) no account is taken of the way in which spectral lines impact on narrow data regions. In this paper we introduce a new information criterion that addresses these shortcomings, the "Spectral Information Criterion" (SpIC). Spectral simulations are used to compare performances. The main findings are (i) SpIC clearly outperforms AICc for high signal to noise data, (ii) SpIC and AICc work equally well for lower signal to noise data, although SpIC achieves this with fewer parameters, and (iii) BIC does not perform well (for this application) and should be avoided. The new method should be of broader applicability (beyond spectroscopy), wherever different model parameters influence separated small ranges within a larger dataset and/or have widely varying sensitivities., Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures

Актуальность исследования объясняется необходимостью оценки влияния мер государственного стимулирования на эффективность реализации инвестиционных проектов. Цель данного исследования состоит в разработке усовершенствованного методического подхода для оценки инвестиционных проектов в металлургии под воздействием мер государственного стимулирования. В рамках работы были изучены стандартные и расширенные методы оценки, модели выбора обновления производства и вариантов финансирования, а также типовые и усовершенствованные показатели для анализа эффективности инвестиционных проектов. В качестве источников использовалась научно-исследовательская и методическая литература, нормативно-правовые акты и финансовая отчетность организаций в открытом доступе. В магистерской диссертации был разработан методический подход к оценке инвестиционных проектов в металлургии под воздействием мер государственного стимулирования, дополненный определением экономических показателей деятельности предприятия и расчетом показателей эффективности использования основных средств на основе системы балльной оценки, практическое применение которого повысит точность и объективность расчетов, а также упростит процедуру отбора проектов при формировании инвестиционного портфеля. The relevance of the study is explained by the need to assess the impact of government incentives on the effectiveness of the implementation of investment projects. The purpose of this study is to develop an improved methodical approach for evaluating investment projects in the metallurgy under the influence of government incentives. As part of the work, standard and extended evaluation methods, models for choosing the renewal of production and financing options, as well as standard and improved indicators for analyzing the effectiveness of investment projects were studied. As sources, research and methodical literature, legal acts and financial statements of organizations in the public domain were used. In the master's thesis, a methodical approach was developed to assess investment projects in metallurgy under the influence of government incentives, supplemented by determining the economic indicators of the enterprise and calculating the efficiency indicators for the use of fixed assets based on a scoring system, the practical application of which will increase the accuracy and objectivity of calculations, as well as simplify the procedure for selecting projects when forming an investment portfolio.

формирование благоприятного инвестиционного климата в Российской Федерации является одной из ведущих задач, стоящих перед государством, решение которой напрямую зависит от системы стимулов инвестиционной деятельности, ее правовой регламентации. Одним из элементов обозначенной системы является налогово-правовые стимулы во всем их многообразии. Исследованию подверглись нормы инвестиционного законодательства с целью обнаружения норм, имеющих стимулирующий потенциал. На основании анализа норм законодательства о налогах и сборах доказано влияние налогово-правовых стимулов (льгот) на региональную налоговую конкуренцию. В целях решения задачи федерального уровня, заключающейся в повышении инвестиционной привлекательности Российской Федерации, сделан вывод о необходимости закрепления налоговых льгот по региональным и местным налогам, предоставляемым инвесторам, в Налоговом кодексе Российской Федерации., the formation of a favorable investment climate in the Russian Federation is one of the leading tasks facing the state, the solution of which directly depends on the system of incentives for investment activity, its legal regulation. One of the elements of the designated system is tax and legal incentives in all their diversity. The norms of investment legislation were examined in order to detect norms that have a stimulating potential. Based on the analysis of the norms of legislation on taxes and fees, the influence of tax and legal incentives (benefits) on regional tax competition is proved. In order to solve the task of the federal level, which is to increase the investment attractiveness of the Russian Federation as a whole, it is concluded that it is necessary to consolidate tax benefits for regional and local taxes provided to investors at the level of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

Металлургия оказывает значимое влияние на развитие промышленности в Российской Федерации. Для поддержания конкурентоспособного состояния на мировом рынке, отечественные предприятия реализуют инвестиционные проекты с внедрением современных технологий. С целью оказания государственной поддержки был разработан СПИК – специальный инвестиционный контракт, направленный на применение мер стимулирования деятельности для инвесторов. В статье приводится детальная информация по СПИК, а также пример расчета инвестиционного проекта предприятия металлургии с учетом мер стимулирования. Metallurgy has a significant impact on the development of industry in the Russian Federation. To maintain a competitive position in the world market, domestic enterprises are implementing investment projects with the introduction of modern technologies. To provide state support, a SPIC was developed - a special investment contract aimed at applying incentive measures for investors. The article provides detailed information on a SPIC, as well as an example of calculating an investment project for a non-ferrous metallurgy enterprise, considering incentive measures.

National audience

Spi-C is an E26 transformation-specific transcription factor closely related to PU.1 and Spi-B. Spi-C has lineage-instructive functions important in antibody-generating responses, B cell development, and red pulp macrophage generation. Spi-C is inducible by heme- and NF-κB-dependent pathways in macrophages. The present research aimed to examine the regulation of Spi-C expression in B cells. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that Spic expression was reduced in B cells following addition of lipopolysaccharide, anti-IgM antibodies, CD40L, or cytokines BAFF + IL-4 + IL-5. Cytochalasin treatment partially prevented downregulation of Spic. Unstimulated B cells upregulated Spic over time in culture. To determine the mechanism of Spic regulation, we examined the Spic promoter and upstream regulatory elements. The Spic promoter had unidirectional activity, which was reduced by mutation of an NF-κB binding site. Spic was repressed by an upstream regulatory region interacting with the heme-binding regulator Bach2. Taken together, these data indicate that Spi-C is dynamically regulated by external signals in B cells and provide insight into the mechanism of regulation.

Understanding the fate and behavior of nanoparticles (NPs) in the natural environment is important to assess their potential risk. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) allows for the detection of NPs at extremely low concentrations, but the high natural background of the constituents of many of the most widely utilized nanoscale materials makes accurate quantification of engineered particles challenging. Chemical doping, with a less naturally abundant element, is one approach to address this; however, certain materials with high natural abundance, such as TiO2 NPs, are notoriously difficult to label and differentiate from natural NPs. Using the low abundance rare earth element Ho as a marker, Ho-bearing core -TiO2 shell (NaHoF4@TiO2) NPs were designed to enable the quantification of engineered TiO2 NPs in real environmental samples. The NaHoF4@TiO2 NPs were synthesized on a large scale (gram), at relatively low temperatures, using a sacrificial Al(OH)3 template that confines the hydrolysis of TiF4 within the space surrounding the NaHoF4 NPs. The resulting NPs consist of a 60 nm NaHoF4 core and a 5 nm anatase TiO2 shell, as determined by TEM, STEM-EDX mapping, and spICP-MS. The NPs exhibit excellent detectability by spICP-MS at extremely low concentrations (down to 1 × 10–3 ng/L) even in complex natural environments with high Ti background.

Artificial intelligence is being increasingly applied in manufacturing to maximize industrial productivity. Image clustering, as a fundamental research direction in unsupervised learning, has been used in various fields. Since no label information is required in clustering, it can perform a preliminary analysis of the data while saving lots of manpower. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end clustering network called Self-supervised Pairing Image Clustering (SPIC) for industrial application, which produces clustering prediction for input images in an advanced pair classification network. For training this network, a self-supervised pairing module is built to form balanced pairs accurately and efficiently without label information. Since the existence of trivial solutions cannot be avoided in most of unsupervised learning methods, two additional information theoretic-constraints regularize the training that ensures the clustering prediction to be unambiguous and close to the real data distribution during training. Experimental results indicate that the proposed SPIC outperforms the state-of-art approaches on manufacturing datasets–NEU and DAGM. It also shows the execellent generalization capability on other genral public datasets, such as MNIST, Omniglot, CIFAR10, and CIFAR100.

Objective The human adaptive fasting response enables survival during periods of caloric deprivation. A crucial component of the fasting response is the shift from glucose metabolism to utilization of lipids, underscoring the importance of adipose tissue as the central lipid-storing organ. The objective of this study was to investigate the response of adipose tissue to a prolonged fast in humans. Methods We performed RNA sequencing of subcutaneous adipose tissue samples longitudinally collected during a 10-day, 0-calorie fast in humans. We further investigated observed transcriptional signatures utilizing cultured human monocytes and Thp1 cells. We examined the cellularity of adipose tissue biopsies with transmission electron microscopy and tested for associated changes in relevant inflammatory mediators in the systemic circulation by ELISA assays of longitudinally collected blood samples. Results Coincident with the expected shift away from glucose utilization and lipid storage, we demonstrated downregulation of pathways related to glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and lipogenesis. The canonical lipolysis pathway was also downregulated, whereas fasting drove alternative lysosomal paths to lipid digestion. Unexpectedly, the dominant induced pathways were associated with immunity and inflammation, although this only became evident at the 10-day time point. Among the most augmented transcripts were those associated with macrophage identity and function, such as members of the erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor family. Key components of the macrophage transcriptional signal in fasting adipose tissue were recapitulated with induced expression of two of the ETS transcription factors via cultured macrophages, SPIC and SPI1. The inflammatory signal was further reflected by an increase in systemic inflammatory mediators. Conclusions Collectively, this study demonstrates an unexpected role of metabolic inflammation in the human adaptive fasting response., Highlights • Prolonged fasting drives an inflammatory transcriptome in human subcutaneous fat. • Fasting induction of a macrophage signature includes the transcription factor SPIC. • SPIC expression in macrophages recapitulates aspects of the fasting transcriptome. • Prolonged fasting drives circulating markers of systemic inflammation. • Fasting drives lysosomal pathways, while canonical lipolysis pathways are attenuated.

Salmonella spp. can survive and replicate in macrophage cells to cause persistent infection, SpiC is a necessary T3SS effector, but its pathogenic mechanism is still not known completely. In our study, Salmonella Enteritidis spiC mutant (SEΔspiC) was found to have stronger swarming motility and intramacrophage hyperproliferation which was closely related to glucose metabolism. SEΔspiC wbaP::Tn5 mutant was screened out by transposon mutagenesis, which had weaker swarming motility and intramacrophage replication ability than SEΔspiC in the presence of glucose. Bioinformatics displayed that undecaprenyl-phosphate galactose phosphotransferase (Wbap), encoded by wbaP gene, was a key enzyme for glucose metabolism and Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) synthesis, which confirmed our outcome that Wbap was involved in intramacrophage replication ability by glucose use in addition to swarming motility based on SEΔspiC. This discovery will further promote the understanding of the interaction between wbaP gene and spiC gene and the intracellular Salmonella replication mechanism.

The ZEBRA technology - since several years under development at ISC Konstanz - is a bifacial IBC solar cell concept based on a standard industrial low cost manufacturing process still without passivating contacts. In this work, we present results of the industrial implementation of the ZEBRA cell technology in a 200 MW p /year production line in Xining (China) in a collaboration between HHSD/SPIC Xi'an Solar Power and ISC Konstanz. In particular, we report on processes for this advanced bifacial IBC technology and on first results achieved in industrial production at SPIC. At the current stage of ramp-up of the industrial cell line, average energy conversion efficiencies of 23.6% and open circuit voltages above 700 mV have been achieved. These values are reached using a simple cell process, based on standard LP-BBr 3 - and POCl 3 -tube furnace diffusion steps and on a screen printing metallization process that is compatible with any commercial format (e.g. also M6, M8 and M12) of n-type Cz-Si wafers. Modules have been fabricated in SPIC's industrial manufacturing line by soldering of ribbons on half-cut ZEBRA-cells. Thereby a P mpp of around 360 W p has been achieved using a module design based on 120 G1 half-cells corresponding to an efficiency of around 21.2%.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a host-ranged pathogen that can infect both animals and humans. Poultry and poultry products are the main carriers of S. Enteritidis, which can be transmitted to humans through the food chain. To eradicate the prevalence of S. Enteritidis in poultry farms, it is necessary to develop novel vaccines against the pathogen. In this study, we constructed two vaccine candidates, CZ14-1∆spiC∆nmpC and CZ14-1∆spiC∆rfaL, and evaluated their protective efficacy. Both mutant strains were much less virulent than the parental strain, as determined by the 50% lethal dose (LD50) for three-day-old specific-pathogen free (SPF) White Leghorns and Hyline White chickens. Immunization with the mutant candidates induced highly specific humoral immune responses and expression of cytokines IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6. In addition, the mutant strains were found to be persistent for almost three weeks post-infection. The survival percentages of chickens immunized with CZ14-1∆spiC∆nmpC and CZ14-1∆spiC∆rfaL reached 80% and 75%, respectively, after challenge with the parental strain. Overall, these results demonstrate that the two mutant strains can be developed as live attenuated vaccines.

Drought is a multifaceted natural phenomenon with diverse spatial and temporal characteristics and significant environmental, social, and economic effects. The utility of conventional drought indices based on the assumption of stationarity is questionable due to the advent of rapid environmental change. We proposed a non-stationary standardized precipitation index (SPINS) to reassess the nature of meteorological drought. Precipitation observations from eight rain gauge stations for 1961–2017 in South Korea were fitted to a non-stationary gamma distribution using a generalized additive model in location, scale, and shape algorithm. Drought duration and severity were identified by SPINS and joint and conditional return periods were estimated using copula-based bivariate probabilities. The results show that average drought duration, severity, and frequency obtained from SPINS were more severe than those produced by a conventional standardized precipitation index (SPIC). The average inter-arrival time was 41.46 months and 39.86 months for SPIC and SPINS, respectively, at the Seoul station. The joint return periods of observed drought event from March 2008 to June 2008 with a duration of 4 months and a severity of 4.8 were 10.4 and 6.4 years for the SPIC and SPINS, respectively, at the Seoul station. We conclude that return periods calculated using the SPINS are more reliable than those calculated by the SPIC. These findings should prove helpful in drought management and risk assessment under a changing environment as effective management requires prior knowledge of events.

For AP1000 passive containment cooling system, the decay heat is removed by sequential heat transfer processes and it at last is transferred to the surrounding atmosphere. Based on this feature of passive containment cooling system, a Sequential-Parallel Interdependent Complement Scaling (SPIC) approach, sourced from the H2TS, three-level and FSA methods, was proposed and it emphasized the systematic top-down approach. SPIC core lay on its interdependent complement scheme among the sequential and parallel systems or subsystems to offset main distortions and based on SPIC, the interpedently coupled features of the sequential and parallel processes for passive containment could be fully used to minimize the distortions during scaling. For its preliminary application, general analyses were then systematically made on AP1000 containment. Decomposition was performed and governing equations were established for every subsystem or block system. These equations were then nondimensionalized. Scaling criterion group was finally formed and by preliminary analyses, it showed that the scaling-down for the specific structure dimension was restricted by more than one dimensionless number and accordingly their distortions could not be directly avoided. When the current interdependent complement is used, most distortions could be avoided.

In this paper, a high-side p-channel LDMOS (p-LDMOS) with an auto-biased n-channel LDMOS (n-LDMOS) based on Triple-RESURF technology is proposed. The p-LDMOS utilizes both carriers to conduct the on-state current; therefore, the specific on-resistance ( $R_{{\rm on},{\rm sp}}$ ) can be much reduced because of much higher electron mobility. The simulation result shows that the proposed 300-V p-LDMOS obtains a $R_{{\rm on},{\rm sp}}$ of 16.97 mΩ/cm2, which is about 65% reduced compared with the Triple-RESURF silicon limit and is comparable to an optimized n-LDMOS (BV = 340 V, $R_{{\rm on},{\rm sp}} = 18$ mΩ/cm2 ). In addition, due to larger current capability, the active area of the proposed p-LDMOS is only about one third of an optimized Triple-RESURF p-LDMOS. The turn-on ( $t_{r}$ ) and turn-off time ( $t_{f}$ ) are reduced by 51.2% and 40.0%, compared to the optimized Triple-RESURF p-LDMOS, respectively.

In December 2017, RF Government Decree No. 1564 (hereinafter referred to as the «Decree») approved amendments to the acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on issues related to special investment contracts (hereinafter referred to as «SpIC»).

Salmonella is an important pathogenic microorganism that can infect humans and animals and has been studied globally as a model microorganism for its pathogenesis. The SpiC protein of T3SS2 is a significant factor that has been studied for almost 20 years, but to date, the function/effect of SpiC in the pathogenesis of Salmonella has not been completely understood. There is controversy over the functions of SpiC protein in the literature. Thus, an overview of the literature on SpiC protein is provided here which highlights expression features of SpiC protein and its various functions and effect.

The South Pacific island countries (SPIC) are among the most vulnerable countries in the world to economic shocks, climate change and natural disasters. Agriculture including livestock production makes important contribution to socio-economic development in the region. However, the livestock sector is marred by many livestock diseases, which are crippling the economies as well as threatening the food security of the island nations, most of which have high dependence on imports. Limited veterinary medical facilities, high cost of conventional medicine and remoteness of some rural farming communities make it difficult for farmers to treat their diseased animals. Nevertheless, the island nations are endowed with vast reserves of medicinal plants in diverse ecosystems including mangroves, rainforests and tropical dry forests. Despite the ubiquity of traditional medicine systems, most of the plant species have been used to treat human aliments in the SPIC and very few farmers utilise herbal medicine to treat their animals. This review highlights the common diseases affecting livestock production in the SPIC, threats to ethno-veterinary knowledge, and potential plant species and their efficacies to treat animal diseases and parasites. It also discusses the common methods of preparation of veterinary herbal medicine and possible ways of making the medicine available in the formal and informal markets in the region. It is envisaged that the review will stimulate further ethno-veterinary research among livestock disease management practices in the SPIC.

SUMMARY Early B cell development is regulated by stage-specific transcription factors. PU.1, an ETS-family transcription factor, is essential for coordination of early B cell maturation and immunoglobulin gene (Ig) rearrangement. Here we show that RAG DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated during Ig light chain gene (Igl) rearrangement in pre-B cells induce global changes in PU.1 chromatin binding. RAG DSBs activate a SPIC/BCLAF1 transcription factor complex that displaces PU.1 throughout the genome and regulates broad transcriptional changes. SPIC recruits BCLAF1 to gene-regulatory elements that control expression of key B cell developmental genes. The SPIC/BCLAF1 complex suppresses expression of the SYK tyrosine kinase and enforces the transition from large to small pre-B cells. These studies reveal that RAG DSBs direct genome-wide changes in ETS transcription factor activity to promote early B cell development., In Brief ETS-family transcription factors are key regulators of early B cell development. Soodgupta et al. show that RAG-induced DNA breaks generated during antigen receptor gene recombination activate a SPIC/BCLAF1 transcription factor complex that counters PU.1 activity and regulates gene expression changes to promote transition from large to small pre-B cells., Graphical Abstract

Early B cell development is regulated by stage-specific transcription factors. PU.1, an ETS family transcription factor, is essential for coordination of early B cell maturation and immunoglobulin gene (Ig) rearrangement. Here we show that RAG DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) generated during Ig light chain gene (Igl) rearrangement in pre-B cells induce global changes in PU.1 chromatin binding. RAG DSBs activate a SPIC/BCLAF1 transcription factor complex that displaces PU.1 throughout the genome and regulates broad transcriptional changes. SPIC uniquely recruits BCLAF1 to gene regulatory elements that control expression of key B cell developmental genes. The SPIC/BCLAF1 complex suppresses expression of the SYK tyrosine kinase and enforces the transition from large to small pre-B cells. These studies reveal that RAG DSBs direct genome-wide changes in ETS transcription factor activity to promote early B cell development.

Специальный инвестиционный контракт, используемый с 2015 г. в практике государственного управления экономикой, по замыслу своих разработчиков, должен был способствовать привлечению инвестиций в реальный сектор, стимулировать локализацию производственных мощностей иностранных компаний, служить средством, способствующим выполнению документально зафиксированных целей стратегического планирования. В статье сделана попытка на основании комплексного анализа четырехлетнего опыта применения специального инвестиционного контракта и совершенствования его нормативного сопровождения оценить, достигнуты ли эти и другие, заявленные при внедрении СПИК, цели. Одновременно высвечены недостатки как самого инструмента, так и процедуры его применения, даны рекомендации по их устранению и дальнейшему развитию практики использования специальных инвестиционных контрактов., Special investment contract is used in practice of public administration of Russian Federation from 2015. According to the original vision it had to attract investments in the real sector, to stimulate localization of foreign companies manufacturing facilities, and so to serve as a mean of the strategic planning documents implementation. The article attempts to evaluate on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the 4 year special investment contract experience and improvement of its regulatory support whether those and the other goals claimed at SPIC implementation have been achieved. The drawbacks of the instrument and of its implementation procedure are highlighted. Recommendations for the drawbacks elimination and for further development of the special investment contracts practice are given.

A floating wind turbine concept, named as SPIC, is composed of the DTU 10MW reference wind turbine and a newly designed semi-submersible platform featured with three partially inclined side columns. The dynamic responses of the SPIC concept considering an intermediate water depth of 60 m are investigated through the basin model test approach. After calibrating the wind and wave conditions and identifying the model wind turbine system, the operational and short-term extreme responses of the floating wind turbine concept were studied. This innovative concept meets reasonable natural period requirements and achieves great stability under design environmental conditions. For operational responses, low-frequency turbulent wind increases the surge resonance response but provides aerodynamic damping to reduce pitch resonance and tower vibration. The wind also excites the responses at 1P, 2P, and 3P frequencies, but the current slightly suppress these responses. The extreme surge, mooring line tension and nacelle acceleration occur under extreme environments, while the extreme pitch, tower-top shear force and tower-base bending moment should be examined under operational conditions with rated wind as well. These extreme responses are proved to be smaller than the limited values recommended by standards, demonstrating the reasonability of the SPIC concept in intermediate water depth.

We have developed inducible cell self-organization through weakly positively charged culture surfaces. In this study, a thermoresponsive and zwitterionic copolymer comprised of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and methacrylic acid (MA) (PDMAEMA-co-PMA; Mn: ∼9.7 × 104 g/mol; PDMAEMA/PMA ratio: 10) was designed for inducing cell self-organization. The copolymer formed single polymer-derived polyion complex (sPIC) nanoparticles following dissolution in an aqueous solution. The sPIC nanoparticles had a positive charge (ca. 25 mV). Self-organization occurred in adipose-derived vascular stromal cell monolayers cultivated on sPIC-deposited surfaces. There were dramatic morphological changes of these cells with the formation of capillary-like networks and single-cell aggregates with little cytotoxicity. This was a significant improvement compared with cells grown on previously developed surfaces deposited with PIC, a mixture of PDMAEMA and plasmid DNA. Thus, sPICs of PDMAEMA-co-PMA may allow for the accurate evaluation of a variety of cell behaviors with less cytotoxicity, and may facilitate additional potential medical applications such as cell-based therapy and drug discovery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1009-1015, 2017.

SpiC protein, a member of Salmonella spp. type III secretion system (T3SS)-2, is necessary for the survival of Salmonella within macrophages, and it plays a vital role in Salmonella pathogenesis. To develop and test monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against SpiC protein, two recombinant proteins, rHis-SpiC and rGST-SpiC, were expressed in vitro in the prokaryotic expression vectors pET-30(a) and pGEX-6p-1, respectively, and rHis-SpiC protein used to immunize mice. Hybridomas were generated from the splenocytes of these mice and the monoclonal antibodies produced by these cells were assessed using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with rGST-SpiC as the coating antigen. An immunoblotting analysis indicated that all seven of the MAbs developed in this study could specifically recognize the SpiC protein. These MAbs will be very useful in the study of SpiC function and for use in the immunodiagnosis of Salmonella infection.

Summary: Activated macrophages must carefully calibrate their inflammatory responses to balance efficient pathogen control with inflammation-mediated tissue damage, but the molecular underpinnings of this “balancing act” remain unclear. Using genetically engineered mouse models and primary macrophage cultures, we show that Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling induces the expression of the transcription factor Spic selectively in patrolling monocytes and tissue macrophages by a nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-dependent mechanism. Functionally, Spic downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes iron efflux by regulating ferroportin expression in activated macrophages. Notably, interferon-gamma blocks Spic expression in a STAT1-dependent manner. High levels of interferon-gamma are indicative of ongoing infection, and in its absence, activated macrophages appear to engage a “default” Spic-dependent anti-inflammatory pathway. We also provide evidence for the engagement of this pathway in sterile inflammation. Taken together, our findings uncover a pathway wherein counter-regulation of Spic by NF-κB and STATs attune inflammatory responses and iron metabolism in macrophages.

Over the years, the Internet has been enhanced with new accessible correspondence advancements, for both fixed and versatile organizations and gadgets, showing a significant development in terms of execution, with consistently expanding affordable information rates. The Internet research network has continued attempting to develop the transport layer protocols to coordinate present-day organizations' abilities to receive the rewards of the new correspondence advances ultimately. This paper studies the principle oddities identified with transport protocols that have been as of late proposed, distinguishing three fundamental examination patterns. The advancement of clog control calculations, to target ideal execution in testing situations, conceivably with the utilization of machine learning methods; the proposition of spic and span transport protocols, option in contrast to the Transmission Control Protocol formally known as TCP also, executed in the client space.

Sulfated polysaccharide (SP) extracted from sea algae has been used to chelate with ferric to yield polysaccharide iron complex (SPIC). The main active components and groups, monosaccharide composition, molecular weight and anti-oxidative capability were studied comparatively. Results showed that both have good stability and no free ferric ions in SPIC, and no significant difference in total polysaccharide content while sulfate and protein contents lowering and iron content increasing. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated further that iron was chelated in polysaccharide chain. Gas chromatograph (GC) showed that the major monosaccharides were fucose, mucose and glucose with molecular ratio of 10:3.8:3.5 in SPIC and 10:8.4:7.5 in SP. MW of SP and SPIC varied no more at 231,3 kD and 237.2 kD respectively using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both had hydroxyl radicals scavenging effects in vitro while SPIC showed stronger effects. Comparing oxygen consumption with control PMA-differentiated cells, both took longer time to achieve higher platform and SPIC showed stronger effects than SP. Fluorescence extensity of intracellular ROS showed that SP could reduce the ROS generation while SPIC enhances the effect. The results revealed that the main active components and antioxidant activity exhibit differentiation after SP chelating with ferric.

Специальный инвестиционный контракт, вошедший в российскую практику с принятием Федерального Закона «О промышленной политике» и впервые подписанный в середине 2016 г., стал поистине революционным для отечественной промышленной политики. Впервые Российская Федерация как одна из сторон контракта брала на себя обязательства неухудшения условий ведения бизнеса для инвестора, который осваивает или модернизирует промышленное производство в нашей стране, в частности неувеличения налоговой нагрузки, а также предоставления ряда преференций на срок до десяти лет. Хотя для российской экономики такой инструмент является принципиально новым, аналогичные зарубежные практики доказали свою эффективность (в Китае, Венгрии). В статье освещены вопросы практического механизма и обязательных условий заключения таких соглашений, отличительных характеристик и преимуществ данного инструмента, а также первые результаты его применения., A special investment contract that came into Russian practice after the Federal Law “On Industrial Policy” was first signed in the middle of 2016, and became truly revolutionary for the domestic industry policy. For the first time the Russian Federation as one of the parties took responsibility for not decreasing the level of business activity for an investor who is setting-up or modernizing industrial production in the country, particularly ensuring non-increase of the tax burden as well as providing a range of preferences for the period up to 10 years. Though for the Russian economy this instrument is intrinsically new, similar practices in foreign countries have already proved their effectiveness (China, Hungary). The article addresses the questions of practical tools and mandatory conditions for such agreements, distinctive characteristics and advantages of this tool, and the first results of its usage.

Erythroid function and development is intimately linked to macrophages. The primary function of erythrocytes is oxygen delivery, which is mediated by iron-containing hemoglobin. The major source of this iron is a recycling pathway where macrophages scavenge old and damaged erythrocytes to release iron contained within the heme moiety. Macrophages also promote erythropoiesis by providing a supportive niche in the bone marrow as an integral component of “erythorblastic islands.” Importantly, inflammation leads to alterations in iron handling by macrophages with significant impact on iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis. The importance of macrophages in erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis is well established and has been extensively reviewed. However, this developmental relationship is not one way, and erythrocytes can also regulate macrophage development and function. Erythrocyte-derived heme can induce the development of iron-recycling macrophages from monocytes, engage pattern recognition receptors to activate macrophages, and act as ligand for specific nuclear receptors to modulate macrophage function. Here, we discuss the role of heme as a signaling molecule impacting macrophage homeostasis. We will review these actions of heme within the framework of our current understanding of the role of micro-environmental factors in macrophage development and function.