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10. <scp>SNAPSHOT USA</scp> 2020: A second coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States during the <scp>COVID</scp> ‐19 pandemic

Author

Kays R., Cove M. V., Diaz J., Todd K., Bresnan C., Snider M., Lee T. E., Jasper J. G., Douglas B., Crupi A. P., Weiss K. C. B., Rowe H., Sprague T., Schipper J., Lepczyk C. A., Fantle-Lepczyk J. E., Davenport J., Zimova M., Farris Z., Williamson J., Fisher-Reid M. C., Rezendes D., King S. M., Chrysafis P., Jensen A. J., Jachowski D. S., King K. C., Herrera D. J., Moore S., van der Merwe M., Lombardi J. V., Sergeyev M., Tewes M. E., Horan R. V., Rentz M. S., Driver A., Brandt L. R. S. E., Nagy C., Alexander P., Maher S. P., Darracq A. K., Barr E. G., Hess G., Webb S. L., Proctor M. D., Vanek J. P., Lafferty D. J. R., Hubbard T., Jimenez J. E., McCain C., Favreau J., Fogarty J., Hill J., Hammerich S., Gray M., Rega-Brodsky C. C., Durbin C., Flaherty E. A., Brooke J., Coster S. S., Lathrop R. G., Russell K., Bogan D. A., Shamon H., Rooney B., Rockhill A., Lonsinger R. C., O'Mara M. T., Compton J. A., Barthelmess E. L., Andy K. E., Belant J. L., Petroelje T., Wehr N. H., Beyer D. E., Scognamillo D. G., Schalk C., Day K., Ellison C. N., Ruthven C., Nunley B., Fritts S., Whittier C. A., Neiswenter S. A., Pelletier R., DeGregorio B. A., Kuprewicz E. K., Davis M. L., Baruzzi C., Lashley M. A., McDonald B., Mason D., Risch D. R., Allen M. L., Whipple L. S., Sperry J. H., Alexander E., Wolff P. J., Hagen R. H., Mortelliti A., Bolinjcar A., Wilson A. M., Van Norman S., Powell C., Coletto H., Schauss M., Bontrager H., Beasley J., Ellis-Felege S. N., Wehr S. R., Giery S. T., Pekins C. E., LaRose S. H., Revord R. S., Hansen C. P., Hansen L., Millspaugh J. J., Zorn A., Gerber B. D., Rezendes K., Adley J., Sevin J., Green A. M., Sekercioglu C. H., Pendergast M. E., Mullen K., Bird T., Edelman A. J., Romero A., O'Neill B. J., Schmitz N., Vandermus R. A., Alston J. M., Kuhn K. M., Hasstedt S. C., Lesmeister D. B., Appel C. L., Rota C., Stenglein J. L., Anhalt-Depies C., Nelson C. L., Long R. A., Remine K. R., Jordan M. J., Elbroch L. M., Bergman D., Cendejas-Zarelli S., Sager-Fradkin K., Conner M., Morris G., Parsons E., Hernandez-Yanez H., McShea W. J., Kays, R., Cove, M. V., Diaz, J., Todd, K., Bresnan, C., Snider, M., Lee, T. E., Jasper, J. G., Douglas, B., Crupi, A. P., Weiss, K. C. B., Rowe, H., Sprague, T., Schipper, J., Lepczyk, C. A., Fantle-Lepczyk, J. E., Davenport, J., Zimova, M., Farris, Z., Williamson, J., Fisher-Reid, M. C., Rezendes, D., King, S. M., Chrysafis, P., Jensen, A. J., Jachowski, D. S., King, K. C., Herrera, D. J., Moore, S., van der Merwe, M., Lombardi, J. V., Sergeyev, M., Tewes, M. E., Horan, R. V., Rentz, M. S., Driver, A., Brandt, L. R. S. E., Nagy, C., Alexander, P., Maher, S. P., Darracq, A. K., Barr, E. G., Hess, G., Webb, S. L., Proctor, M. D., Vanek, J. P., Lafferty, D. J. R., Hubbard, T., Jimenez, J. E., Mccain, C., Favreau, J., Fogarty, J., Hill, J., Hammerich, S., Gray, M., Rega-Brodsky, C. C., Durbin, C., Flaherty, E. A., Brooke, J., Coster, S. S., Lathrop, R. G., Russell, K., Bogan, D. A., Shamon, H., Rooney, B., Rockhill, A., Lonsinger, R. C., O'Mara, M. T., Compton, J. A., Barthelmess, E. L., Andy, K. E., Belant, J. L., Petroelje, T., Wehr, N. H., Beyer, D. E., Scognamillo, D. G., Schalk, C., Day, K., Ellison, C. N., Ruthven, C., Nunley, B., Fritts, S., Whittier, C. A., Neiswenter, S. A., Pelletier, R., Degregorio, B. A., Kuprewicz, E. K., Davis, M. L., Baruzzi, C., Lashley, M. A., Mcdonald, B., Mason, D., Risch, D. R., Allen, M. L., Whipple, L. S., Sperry, J. H., Alexander, E., Wolff, P. J., Hagen, R. H., Mortelliti, A., Bolinjcar, A., Wilson, A. M., Van Norman, S., Powell, C., Coletto, H., Schauss, M., Bontrager, H., Beasley, J., Ellis-Felege, S. N., Wehr, S. R., Giery, S. T., Pekins, C. E., Larose, S. H., Revord, R. S., Hansen, C. P., Hansen, L., Millspaugh, J. J., Zorn, A., Gerber, B. D., Rezendes, K., Adley, J., Sevin, J., Green, A. M., Sekercioglu, C. H., Pendergast, M. E., Mullen, K., Bird, T., Edelman, A. J., Romero, A., O'Neill, B. J., Schmitz, N., Vandermus, R. A., Alston, J. M., Kuhn, K. M., Hasstedt, S. C., Lesmeister, D. B., Appel, C. L., Rota, C., Stenglein, J. L., Anhalt-Depies, C., Nelson, C. L., Long, R. A., Remine, K. R., Jordan, M. J., Elbroch, L. M., Bergman, D., Cendejas-Zarelli, S., Sager-Fradkin, K., Conner, M., Morris, G., Parsons, E., Hernandez-Yanez, H., and Mcshea, W. J.

Subjects
United State, Carnivora, Wild, mammal, Animals, Wild, Didelphimorphia, species distribution modeling, Birds, Bird, camera traps, biodiversity, biogeography, Cetartiodactyla, Lagomorpha, mammals, occupancy modeling, Animals, Humans, Mammals, Pandemics, United States, COVID-19, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Pandemic, camera trap, Animal, Human
Abstract

Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and October) in 2019, providing a direct comparison of animal populations in 2 years that includes data from both during and before the COVID-19 pandemic. All data were managed by the eMammal system, with all species identifications checked by at least two reviewers. In total, we recorded 117,415 detections of 78 species of wild mammals, 9236 detections of at least 43 species of birds, 15,851 detections of six domestic animals and 23,825 detections of humans or their vehicles. Spatial differences across arrays explained more variation in the relative abundance than temporal variation across years for all 38 species modeled, although there are examples of significant site-level differences among years for many species. Temporal results show how species allocate their time and can be used to study species interactions, including between humans and wildlife. These data provide a snapshot of the mammal community of the USA for 2020 and will be useful for exploring the drivers of spatial and temporal changes in relative abundance and distribution, and the impacts of species interactions on daily activity patterns. There are no copyright restrictions, and please cite this paper when using these data, or a subset of these data, for publication.

Published
2022
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12. Blood clotting and traumatic injury with shock mediates complement-dependent neutrophil priming for extracellular ROS, ROS-dependent organ injury and coagulopathy

Author

Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Barrett, C D, Hsu, A T, Ellson, C D, Miyazawa, B Y, Kong, Y-W, Greenwood, J D, Dhara, S, Neal, M D, Sperry, J L, Park, M S, Cohen, M J, Zuckerbraun, B S, Yaffe, M B, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Biology, Barrett, C D, Hsu, A T, Ellson, C D, Miyazawa, B Y, Kong, Y-W, Greenwood, J D, Dhara, S, Neal, M D, Sperry, J L, Park, M S, Cohen, M J, Zuckerbraun, B S, and Yaffe, M B

Published
2022

15. Where's the Beef in Administrator Pay?

Author

Cunningham, William G. and Sperry, J. Brent

Abstract

Salary differences between educators and business leaders range from tens of thousands of dollars for principals to millions for superintendents. Employees valuing monetary incentives will not be attracted to or remain in the education field. Wealthy taxpayers get too many breaks. Progressive income taxes should replace skewed property taxes. (MLH)

Published
2001

16. The Underpaid Educator.

Author

Cunningham, William G. and Sperry, J. Brent

Abstract

To understand the money gap between educators and their corporate counterparts, one must examine the entire corporate compensation package: bonuses, stock options, and other perquisites, including health club and country club memberships, free use of company-owned vacation properties, expense accounts, extensive insurance, company cars, and retirement benefits. (MLH)

Published
2001

22. Remediation of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) contaminated soils – To mobilize or to immobilize or to degrade?

Author

Bolan, N., Sarkar, B., Yan, Y., Li, Q., Wijesekara, H., Kannan, K., Tsang, D.C.W., Schauerte, M., Bosch, J., Noll, H., Ok, Y.S., Scheckel, K., Kumpiene, J., Gobindlal, K., Kah, M., Sperry, J., Kirkham, M.B., Wang, H., Tsang, Y.F., Hou, D., Rinklebe, J., Bolan, N., Sarkar, B., Yan, Y., Li, Q., Wijesekara, H., Kannan, K., Tsang, D.C.W., Schauerte, M., Bosch, J., Noll, H., Ok, Y.S., Scheckel, K., Kumpiene, J., Gobindlal, K., Kah, M., Sperry, J., Kirkham, M.B., Wang, H., Tsang, Y.F., Hou, D., and Rinklebe, J.

Abstract

Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are synthetic chemicals, which are introduced to the environment through anthropogenic activities. Aqueous film forming foam used in firefighting, wastewater effluent, landfill leachate, and biosolids are major sources of PFAS input to soil and groundwater. Remediation of PFAS contaminated solid and aqueous media is challenging, which is attributed to the chemical and thermal stability of PFAS and the complexity of PFAS mixtures. In this review, remediation of PFAS contaminated soils through manipulation of their bioavailability and destruction is presented. While the mobilizing amendments (e.g., surfactants) enhance the mobility and bioavailability of PFAS, the immobilizing amendments (e.g., activated carbon) decrease their bioavailability and mobility. Mobilizing amendments can be applied to facilitate the removal of PFAS though soil washing, phytoremediation, and complete destruction through thermal and chemical redox reactions. Immobilizing amendments are likely to reduce the transfer of PFAS to food chain through plant and biota (e.g., earthworm) uptake, and leaching to potable water sources. Future studies should focus on quantifying the potential leaching of the mobilized PFAS in the absence of removal by plant and biota uptake or soil washing, and regular monitoring of the long-term stability of the immobilized PFAS. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2021

26. Acetyl-CoA-mediated activation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase 2

Author

Bhusal, RP, Jiao, W, Kwai, BXC, Reynisson, J, Collins, AJ, Sperry, J, Bashiri, G, Leung, IKH, Bhusal, RP, Jiao, W, Kwai, BXC, Reynisson, J, Collins, AJ, Sperry, J, Bashiri, G, and Leung, IKH

Abstract

Isocitrate lyase is important for lipid utilisation by Mycobacterium tuberculosis but its ICL2 isoform is poorly understood. Here we report that binding of the lipid metabolites acetyl-CoA or propionyl-CoA to ICL2 induces a striking structural rearrangement, substantially increasing isocitrate lyase and methylisocitrate lyase activities. Thus, ICL2 plays a pivotal role regulating carbon flux between the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glyoxylate shunt and methylcitrate cycle at high lipid concentrations, a mechanism essential for bacterial growth and virulence.

Published
2019

27. Dependence of Aspen Stands on a Subsurface Water Subsidy: Implications for Climate Change Impacts

Author

Love, D. M., Venturas, M. D., Sperry, J. S., Brooks, P. D., Pettit, Joseph L., Wang, Y., Anderegg, W. R.L., Tai, X., Mackay, D. S., and American Geophysical Union

Subjects
climate change, tree mortality, subsurface water subsidy, Life Sciences, plant hydraulics, xylem, transpiration
Abstract

The reliance of 10 Utah (USA) aspen forests on direct infiltration of growing season rain versus an additional subsurface water subsidy was determined from a trait‐ and process‐based model of stomatal control. The model simulated the relationship between water supply to the root zone versus canopy transpiration and assimilation over a growing season. Canopy flux thresholds were identified that distinguished nonstressed, stressed, and dying stands. We found growing season rain and local soil moisture were insufficient for the survival of 5 of 10 stands. Six stands required a substantial subsidy (31–80% of potential seasonal transpiration) to avoid water stress and maximize photosynthetic potential. Subsidy dependence increased with stand hydraulic conductance. Four of the six “subsidized” stands were predicted to be stressed during the survey year owing to a subsidy shortfall. Since winter snowpack is closely related to groundwater recharge in the region, we compared winter precipitation with tree‐ring chronologies. Consistent with model predictions, chronologies were more sensitive to snowpack in subsidized stands than in nonsubsidized ones. The results imply that aspen stand health in the region is more coupled to winter snowpack than to growing season water supply. Winters are predicted to have less precipitation as snow, indicating a stressful future for the region's aspen forests.

Published
2018

28. A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effects of an Investigational Study Product on Exercise Induced Muscle Soreness, Markers of Inflammation, Muscle Damage and Exercise Performance in Healthy Males

Author

Smith M, Kalman D, Hewlings S, Holms C, Sperry J, and Knight K

Subjects
Double blind, Clinical trial, business.industry, Anesthesia, Exercise performance, medicine, Inflammation, Muscle damage, medicine.symptom, Placebo, business
Published
2018
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32. Blood clotting and traumatic injury with shock mediates complement-dependent neutrophil priming for extracellular ROS, ROS-dependent organ injury and coagulopathy

Author

Barrett, C D, primary, Hsu, A T, additional, Ellson, C D, additional, Miyazawa, B Y, additional, Kong, Y-W, additional, Greenwood, J D, additional, Dhara, S, additional, Neal, M D, additional, Sperry, J L, additional, Park, M S, additional, Cohen, M J, additional, Zuckerbraun, B S, additional, and Yaffe, M B, additional

Published
2018
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38. Development of NMR and thermal shift assays for the evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isocitrate lyase inhibitors

Author

Bhusal, RP, Patel, K, Kwai, BXC, Swartjes, A, Bashiri, G, Reynisson, J, Sperry, J, Leung, IKH, Bhusal, RP, Patel, K, Kwai, BXC, Swartjes, A, Bashiri, G, Reynisson, J, Sperry, J, and Leung, IKH

Abstract

The enzymes isocitrate lyase (ICL) isoforms 1 and 2 are essential for Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival within macrophages during latent tuberculosis (TB). As such, ICLs are attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of tuberculosis. However, there are few biophysical assays that are available for accurate kinetic and inhibition studies of ICL in vitro. Herein we report the development of a combined NMR spectroscopy and thermal shift assay to study ICL inhibitors for both screening and inhibition constant (IC50) measurement. Operating this new assay in tandem with virtual high-throughput screening has led to the discovery of several new ICL1 inhibitors.

Published
2017

42. Dependence of Aspen Stands on a Subsurface Water Subsidy: Implications for Climate Change Impacts.

Author

Venturas, M. D., Sperry, J. S., Wang, Y., Anderegg, W. R. L., Love, D. M., Brooks, P. D., Pettit, J. L., Mackay, D. S., and Tai, X.

Subjects
ASPEN (Trees), RAINFALL, PLANT canopies, WATER supply, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, HYDRAULIC conductivity
Abstract

The reliance of 10 Utah (USA) aspen forests on direct infiltration of growing season rain versus an additional subsurface water subsidy was determined from a trait‐ and process‐based model of stomatal control. The model simulated the relationship between water supply to the root zone versus canopy transpiration and assimilation over a growing season. Canopy flux thresholds were identified that distinguished nonstressed, stressed, and dying stands. We found growing season rain and local soil moisture were insufficient for the survival of 5 of 10 stands. Six stands required a substantial subsidy (31–80% of potential seasonal transpiration) to avoid water stress and maximize photosynthetic potential. Subsidy dependence increased with stand hydraulic conductance. Four of the six "subsidized" stands were predicted to be stressed during the survey year owing to a subsidy shortfall. Since winter snowpack is closely related to groundwater recharge in the region, we compared winter precipitation with tree‐ring chronologies. Consistent with model predictions, chronologies were more sensitive to snowpack in subsidized stands than in nonsubsidized ones. The results imply that aspen stand health in the region is more coupled to winter snowpack than to growing season water supply. Winters are predicted to have less precipitation as snow, indicating a stressful future for the region's aspen forests. Key Points: Most aspen stands in Utah cannot survive on growing season rain and local soil moisture as their only water supplyAspen stands in Utah are highly dependent on a groundwater subsidy and vulnerable to any subsidy shortfallAspen stand health in Utah will be threatened by diminished winter snowpack [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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44. Synthesis and electrochemical detection of a thiazolyl-indole natural product isolated from the nosocomial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Author

Buzid, A., Muimhneachain, E., Reen, F., Hayes, P., Pardo, L., Shang, F., O'Gara, Fergal, Sperry, J., Luong, J., Glennon, J., McGlacken, G., Buzid, A., Muimhneachain, E., Reen, F., Hayes, P., Pardo, L., Shang, F., O'Gara, Fergal, Sperry, J., Luong, J., Glennon, J., and McGlacken, G.

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, capable of surviving in a broad range of natural environments and quickly acquiring resistance. It is associated with hospital-acquired infections, particularly in patients with compromised immunity, and is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. P. aeruginosa is also of nosocomial importance on dairy farms and veterinary hospitals, where it is a key morbidity factor in bovine mastitis. P. aeruginosa uses a cell-cell communication system consisting of signalling molecules to coordinate bacterial secondary metabolites, biofilm formation, and virulence. Simple and sensitive methods for the detection of biomolecules as indicators of P. aeruginosa infection would be of great clinical importance. Here, we report the synthesis of the P. aeruginosa natural product, barakacin, which was recently isolated from the bovine ruminal strain ZIO. A simple and sensitive electrochemical method was used for barakacin detection using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) and glassy carbon (GC) electrodes, based on cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The influence of electrolyte pH on the peak potential and peak currents was also investigated. At pH 2.0, the peak current was linearly dependent on barakacin concentration (in the range used, 1-10 µM), with correlation coefficients greater than 0.98 on both electrodes. The detection limit (S/N?=?3) on the BDD electrode was 100-fold lower than that obtained on the GC electrode. The optimized method using the BDD electrode was extended to bovine (cow feces) and human (sputum of a CF patient) samples. Spiked barakacin was easily detected in these matrices at a limit of 0.5 and 0.05 µM, respectively. Graphical abstract Electrochemical detection of barakacin.

Published
2016

50. Prehospital Plasma during Air Medical Transport in Trauma Patients at Risk for Hemorrhagic Shock.

Author

Sperry, J. L., Guyette, F. X., Brown, J. B., Yazer, M. H., Triulzi, D. J., Early-Young, B. J., Adams, P. W., Daley, B. J., Miller, R. S., Harbrecht, B. G., Claridge, J. A., Phelan, H. A., Witham, W. R., Putnam, A. T., Duane, T. M., Alarcon, L. H., Callaway, C. W., Zuckerbraun, B. S., Neal, M. D., and Rosengart, M. R.

Subjects
*INJURY complications, *WOUND care, *HEMORRHAGIC shock, *AMBULANCES, *BLOOD plasma, *EMERGENCY medical services, *RED blood cell transfusion, *RESUSCITATION, *WOUNDS & injuries, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *PROTHROMBIN time, *TRAUMA severity indices, *PREVENTION
Abstract

Background: After a person has been injured, prehospital administration of plasma in addition to the initiation of standard resuscitation procedures in the prehospital environment may reduce the risk of downstream complications from hemorrhage and shock. Data from large clinical trials are lacking to show either the efficacy or the risks associated with plasma transfusion in the prehospital setting.Methods: To determine the efficacy and safety of prehospital administration of thawed plasma in injured patients who are at risk for hemorrhagic shock, we conducted a pragmatic, multicenter, cluster-randomized, phase 3 superiority trial that compared the administration of thawed plasma with standard-care resuscitation during air medical transport. The primary outcome was mortality at 30 days.Results: A total of 501 patients were evaluated: 230 patients received plasma (plasma group) and 271 received standard-care resuscitation (standard-care group). Mortality at 30 days was significantly lower in the plasma group than in the standard-care group (23.2% vs. 33.0%; difference, -9.8 percentage points; 95% confidence interval, -18.6 to -1.0%; P=0.03). A similar treatment effect was observed across nine prespecified subgroups (heterogeneity chi-square test, 12.21; P=0.79). Kaplan-Meier curves showed an early separation of the two treatment groups that began 3 hours after randomization and persisted until 30 days after randomization (log-rank chi-square test, 5.70; P=0.02). The median prothrombin-time ratio was lower in the plasma group than in the standard-care group (1.2 [interquartile range, 1.1 to 1.4] vs. 1.3 [interquartile range, 1.1 to 1.6], P<0.001) after the patients' arrival at the trauma center. No significant differences between the two groups were noted with respect to multiorgan failure, acute lung injury-acute respiratory distress syndrome, nosocomial infections, or allergic or transfusion-related reactions.Conclusions: In injured patients at risk for hemorrhagic shock, the prehospital administration of thawed plasma was safe and resulted in lower 30-day mortality and a lower median prothrombin-time ratio than standard-care resuscitation. (Funded by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command; PAMPer ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01818427 .). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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