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1. Post-splenectomy sepsis: preventative strategies, challenges, and solutions

Author

Luu S, Spelman D, and Woolley IJ

Subjects
Splenectomy, sepsis, OPSI, asplenism, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Sarah Luu,1 Denis Spelman,2,3 Ian J Woolley3–5 1Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 2Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 3Spleen Australia, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; 4Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; 5Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, AustraliaCorrespondence: Ian J WoolleyMonash Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton Rd, Victoria 68, AustraliaTel +61 39 594 4533Fax +61 39 594 4564Email Ian.woolley@monash.eduAbstract: Removal of the spleen had already been established as a routine technique to treat splenic trauma and other diseases affecting the spleen before the anatomy, physiology, and function of the spleen were known in the mid-twentieth century. It is now widely accepted that the splenectomized individual is at increased risk for infection, in particular, overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI). OPSI is a syndrome of fulminant sepsis occurring in splenectomized (asplenic) or hyposplenic individuals that is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Poorly opsonized bacteria such as encapsulated bacteria, in particular, Streptococcus pneumoniae, are often implicated in sepsis. The spleen is a reticuloendothelial organ that facilitates opsonization and phagocytosis of pathogens, in addition to cellular maintenance. Splenectomy is associated with an impairment in immunoglobulin production, antibody-mediated clearance, and phagocytosis, leading to an increased risk of infection and sepsis. Early identification of the at-risk patient, early blood cultures prior to antibiotic administration, urgent blood smears and fast pathogen-detection tests, and sepsis bundles should be utilized in these patients. Prompt management and aggressive treatment can alter the course of disease in the at-risk splenectomized patient. Overwhelming post-splenectomy infection can be prevented through vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, and patient education. This article evaluates post-splenectomy sepsis by summarizing the anatomy and function of the spleen, physiological changes after splenectomy that predispose the splenectomized patient to infection, and current management and prevention strategies.Keywords: splenectomy, sepsis, OPSI, asplenism

Published
2019

5. Genomic characterisation of CC398 MRSA causing severe disease in Australia

Author

Coombs, G.W., Daley, D., Shoby, P., Yee, N.W.T., Robinson, J.O., Murray, R., Korman, T.M., Warner, M.S., Papanaoum, K., Derrington, P., Horváth, R., Jenney, A., Spelman, D., Mowlaboccus, S., Coombs, G.W., Daley, D., Shoby, P., Yee, N.W.T., Robinson, J.O., Murray, R., Korman, T.M., Warner, M.S., Papanaoum, K., Derrington, P., Horváth, R., Jenney, A., Spelman, D., and Mowlaboccus, S.

Abstract

Clonal complex 398 (CC398) livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) has been reported worldwide in a variety of food-animal species. Although CC398 is synonymous with LA-MRSA, community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) variants have emerged, including the Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive ST398-V and ST398 single-locus variant ST1232-V, and the PVL-negative ST398-V clones. Using comparative genomic analysis, we determined whether ten CC398 MRSA bacteraemia episodes recently identified in Australia were due to LA-MRSA or CA-MRSA CC398. Isolates were sourced from the Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance S. aureus surveillance programme and episodes occurred across Australia. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic comparison of the ten CC398 bacteraemia isolates with previously published CC398 MRSA whole-genome sequences identified that the Australian CC398 isolates were closely related to the human-associated II-GOI clade and the livestock-associated IIa clade. The identified CC398 MRSA clones were: PVL-positive ST1232-V (5C2&5), PVL-negative community-associated ST398-V (5C2&5) and livestock-associated ST398-V (5C2&5). Our findings demonstrate the importance of using WGS and comparing the sequences with international sequences to distinguish between CC398 CA-MRSA and LA-MRSA and to determine the isolates’ origin. Furthermore, our findings suggest that CC398 CA-MRSA has become established in the Australian community and that ST398-V (5C2&5) LA-MRSA is now widespread in Australian piggeries. Our study emphasises the need for national One Health antimicrobial resistance surveillance programmes to assist in monitoring the ongoing epidemiology of MRSA and other clinically significant antimicrobial-resistant organisms.

Published
2022

12. Candida infective endocarditis

Author

Baddley, J. W., Benjamin, Jr., D. K., Patel, M., Miró, J., Athan, E., Barsic, B., Bouza, E., Clara, L., Elliott, T., Kanafani, Z., Klein, J., Lerakis, S., Levine, D., Spelman, D., Rubinstein, E., Tornos, P., Morris, A. J., Pappas, P., Fowler, Jr., V. G., Chu, V. H., Cabell, C., and The International Collaboration on Endocarditis—Prospective Cohort Study Group (ICE-PCS)

Published
2008
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14. Splenic autotransplantation: a systematic review

Author

Surendran, A, Smith, M, Houli, N, Usatoff, V, Spelman, D, Choi, J, Surendran, A, Smith, M, Houli, N, Usatoff, V, Spelman, D, and Choi, J

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Splenectomy is a surgical procedure indicated in a variety of medical conditions including trauma. Post-operatively, there is a lifelong risk of developing overwhelming sepsis from encapsulated bacteria, most commonly due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Splenic autotransplantation has been proposed as a method to recover splenic function in patients requiring splenectomy with otherwise normal spleens. This study aims to systematically review the literature to determine the efficacy of spleen autotransplantation. METHODS: MEDLINE, PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for all studies assessing splenic autotransplantation (January 1947 to July 2018). Data were extracted on study characteristics, outcomes assessed, including spleen scintigraphy results, blood film counts and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 18 primary studies. All studies demonstrated return of regenerated spleen tissue in the majority of their patients (95.3%) on spleen scintigraphy. In 12 studies, 90.2% of patients had blood films return to normal following transplantation. Ig levels were shown to return to normal in all 12 studies where it was assessed. In 11 studies, 3.7% of patients had post-operative complications. In five studies, 1.3% of patients had post-operative infections in the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Splenic autotransplantation is a safe procedure with minimal complications that can return splenic filtration function and Ig levels to normal ranges. It has not been confirmed whether autotransplantation provides meaningful protection against overwhelming post-splenectomy infections.

Published
2020

23. Post-splenectomy sepsis: Preventative strategies, challenges, and solutions.

Author

Luu S., Woolley I.J., Spelman D., Luu S., Woolley I.J., and Spelman D.

Abstract

Removal of the spleen had already been established as a routine technique to treat splenic trauma and other diseases affecting the spleen before the anatomy, physiology, and function of the spleen were known in the mid-twentieth century. It is now widely accepted that the splenectomized individual is at increased risk for infection, in particular, overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI). OPSI is a syndrome of fulminant sepsis occurring in splenectomized (asplenic) or hyposplenic individuals that is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Poorly opsonized bacteria such as encapsulated bacteria, in particular, Streptococcus pneumoniae, are often implicated in sepsis. The spleen is a reticuloendothelial organ that facilitates opsonization and phagocytosis of pathogens, in addition to cellular maintenance. Splenectomy is associated with an impairment in immunoglobulin production, antibody-mediated clearance, and phagocytosis, leading to an increased risk of infection and sepsis. Early identification of the at-risk patient, early blood cultures prior to antibiotic administration, urgent blood smears and fast pathogen-detection tests, and sepsis bundles should be utilized in these patients. Prompt management and aggressive treatment can alter the course of disease in the at-risk splenectomized patient. Overwhelming postsplenectomy infection can be prevented through vaccination, chemoprophylaxis, and patient education. This article evaluates post-splenectomy sepsis by summarizing the anatomy and function of the spleen, physiological changes after splenectomy that predispose the splenectomized patient to infection, and current management and prevention strategies.Copyright © 2019 Luu et al.

Published
2019

24. Initial modelling and updates on cost effectiveness from the first 10 years of a spleen registry.

Author

Jones P., Gold L., Spelman D., Woolley I., Luu S., Jones P., Gold L., Spelman D., Woolley I., and Luu S.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To validate our estimates from our original model and re-evaluate the cost-effectiveness of Spleen Australia, the Australian post-splenectomy registry, using our original model with updated model parameters based on advances in the literature and experience of the registry over the past decade. METHOD(S): We revisited a decision model from 2005, comparing 1,000 hypothetical registered patients with asplenia or hyposplenism against 1,000 who were not registered, and updated the model parameters. The cost-effectiveness of the registry was evaluated from a healthcare perspective in terms of additional cost per case of overwhelming post-splenectomy infection (OPSI) avoided and as additional cost per life year gained. RESULT(S): Over a cohort lifetime the registry was associated with an additional cost of $125,724 per case of OPSI avoided or $19,286 per life year gained. CONCLUSION(S): Despite our initial over-estimation of immunisation and chemoprophylaxis uptake and increases in unit costs, our re-evaluation confirmed use of the registry to be cost-effective. Implications for public health: Improved outcomes for patients with asplenia or hyposplenism can be achieved by a cost-effective registry. Additional research into effectiveness of interventions, OPSI prevalence associated with varying intervention use, and compliance rates over time after registration would provide improved accuracy of cost-effectiveness estimates.Copyright © 2018 The Authors.

Published
2019

27. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF REVIEWERS

Author

Adams, NG, Adekambi, T, Afeltra, J, Aguado, J, Aires de Sousa, M, Akiyoshi, K, Al Hasan, M, Ala-Kokko, T, Albert, M, Alfandari, S, Allen, D, Allerberger, F, Almyroudis, N, Alp, E, Amin, R, Anderson-Berry, A, Andes, DR, Andremont, A, Andreu, A, Angelakis, M, Antachopoulos, C, Antoniadou, A, Arabatzis, M, Arlet, G, Arnez, M, Arnold, C, Asensio, A, Asseray, N, Ausiello, C, Avni, T, Ayling, R, Baddour, L, Baguelin, M, Bányai, K, Barbour, A, Basco, LK, Bauer, D, Bayston, R, Beall, B, Becker, K, Behr, M, Bejon, P, Belliot, G, Benito-Fernandez, J, Benjamin, D, Benschop, K, Berencsi, G, Bergeron, MG, Bernard, K, Berner, R, Beyersmann, J, Bille, J, Bizzini, A, Bjarnsholt, T, Blanc, D, Blanco, J, Blot, S, Bohnert, J, Boillat, N, Bonomo, R, Bonten, M, Bordon, JM, Borel, N, Boschiroli, ML, Bosilkovski, M, Bosso, JA, Botelho-Nevers, E, Bou, G, Bretagne, S, Brouqui, P, Brun-Buisson, C, Brunetto, M, Bucher, H, Buchheidt, D, Buckling, A, Bulpa, P, Cambau, E, Canducci, F, Cantón, R, Capobianchi, M, Carattoli, A, Carcopino, X, Cardona-Castro, N, Carling, PC, Carrat, F, Castilla, J, Castilletti, C, Cavaco, L, Cavallo, R, Ceccherini-Silberstein, F, Centrón, D, Chappuis, F, Charrel, R, Chen, M, Chevaliez, S, Chezzi, C, Chomel, B, Chowers, M, Chryssanthou, E, Ciammaruconi, A, Ciccozzi, M, Cid, J, Ciofu, O, Cisneros, D, Ciufolini, MG, Clark, C, Clarke, SC, Clayton, R, Clementi, M, Clemons, K, Cloeckaert, Ael, Cloud, J, Coenye, T, Cohen Bacri, S, Cohen, R, Coia, J, Colombo, A, Colson, P, Concerse, P, Cordonnier, C, Cormican, M, Cornaglia, G, Cornely, O, Costa, S, Cots, F, Craxi, A, Creti, R, Crnich, C, Cuenca Estrella, M, Cusi, MG, d'Ettorre, G, da Cruz Lamas, C, Daikos, G, Dannaoui, E, De Barbeyrac, B, De Grazia, S, de Jager, C, de Lamballerie, X, de Marco, F, del Palacio, A, Delpeyroux, F, Denamur, E, Denis, O, Depaquit, J, Deplano, A, Desenclos, J-C, Desjeux, P, Deutch, S, Di Luca, D, Dianzani, F, Diep, B, Diestra, K, Dignani, C, Dimopoulos, G, Divizia, M, Doi, Y, Dornbusch, HJ, Dotis, J, Drancourt, M, Drevinek, P, Dromer, F, Dryden, M, Dubreuil, L, Dubus, J-C, Dumitrescu, O, Dumke, R, DuPont, H, Edelstein, M, Eggimann, P, Eis-Huebinger, A-M, El Atrouni, WI, Entenza, J, Ergonul, O, Espinel-Ingroff, A, Esteban, J, Etienne, J, Fan, X-G, Fenollar, F, Ferrante, P, Ferrieri, P, Ferry, T, Feuchtinger, T, Finegold, S, Fingerle, V, Fitch, M, Fitzgerald, R, Flori, P, Fluit, A, Fontana, R, Fournier, PE, François, M, Francois, P, Freedman, DO, Friedrich, A, Gallego, L, Gallinella, G, Gangneux, J-P, Gannon, V, Garbarg-Chenon, A, Garbino, J, Garnacho-Montero, J, Gatermann, Soeren, Gautret, P, Gentile, G, Gerlich, W, Ghannoum, M, Ghebremedhin, B, Ghigo, E, Giamarellos-Bourboulis, E, Girgis, R, Giske, C, Glupczynski, Y, Gnarpe, J, Gomez-Barrena, E, Gorwitz, RJ, Gosselin, R, Goubau, P, Gould, E, Gradel, K, Gray, J, Gregson, D, Greub, G, Grijalva, CG, Groll, A, Groschup, M, Gutiérrez, J, Hackam, DG, Hall, WA, Hallett, R, Hansen, S, Harbarth, S, Harf-Monteil, C, Hasanjani, Roushan MR, Hasler, P, Hatchette, T, Hauser, P, He, Q, Hedges, A, Helbig, J, Hennequin, C, Herrmann, B, Hezode, C, Higgins, P, Hoesli, I, Hoiby, N, Hope, W, Houvinen, P, Hsu, LY, Huard, R, Humphreys, H, Icardi, M, Imoehl, M, Ivanova, K, Iwamoto, T, Izopet, J, Jackson, Y, Jacobsen, K, Jang, TN, Jasir, A, Jaulhac, B, Jaureguy, F, Jefferies, JM, Jehl, F, Johnstone, J, Joly-Guillou, M-L, Jonas, M, Jones, M, Joukhadar, C, Kahl, B, Kaier, K, Kaiser, L, Kato, H, Katragkou, A, Kearns, A, Kern, W, Kerr, K, Kessin, R, Kibbler, C, Kimberlin, D, Kittang, B, Klaassen, C, Kluytmans, J, Ko, W-C, Koh, W-J, Kostrzewa, M, Kourbeti, I, Krause, R, Krcmery, V, Krizova, P, Kuijper, E, Kullberg, B-J, Kumar, G, Kunin, CM, La Scola, B, Lagging, M, Lagrou, K, Lamagni, T, Landini, P, Landman, D, Larsen, A, Lass-Floerl, C, Laupland, K, Lavigne, JP, Leblebicioglu, H, Lee, B, Lee, CH, Leggat, P, Lehours, P, Leibovici, Lonard, Leon, L, Leonard, N, Leone, M, Lescure, X, Lesprit, P, Levy, PY, Lew, D, Lexau, CA, Li, S-Y, Li, W, Lieberman, D, Lina, B, Lina, G, Lindsay, JA, Livermore, D, Lorente, L, Lortholary, O, Lucet, J-C, Lund, B, Lütticken, R, MacLeod, C, Madhi, S, Maertens, J, Maggi, F, Maiden, M, Maillard, J-Y, Maira-Litran, T, Maltezou, H, Manian, FA, Mantadakis, E, Maragakis, L, Marcelin, A-G, Marchaim, D, Marchetti, O, Marcos, M, Markotic, A, Martina, B, Martínez, J, Martinez, J-L, Marty, F, Maurin, M, McGee, L, Mediannikov, O, Meersseman, W, Megraud, F, Meletiadis, J, Mellmann, A, Meyer, E, Meyer, W, Meylan, P, Michalopoulos, A, Micol, R, Midulla, F, Mikami, Y, Miller, RF, Miragaia, M, Miriagou, V, Mitchell, TJ, Miyakis, S, Mokrousov, I, Monecke, S, Mönkemüller, K, Monno, L, Monod, M, Morales, G, Moriarty, F, Morosini, I, Mortensen, E, Mubarak, K, Mueller, B, Mühlemann, K, Muñoz Bellido, JL, Murray, P, Muscillo, M, Mylotte, J, Naessens, A, Nagy, E, Nahm, MH, Nassif, X, Navarro, D, Navarro, F, Neofytos, D, Nes, I, Ní Eidhin, D, Nicolle, L, Niederman, MS, Nigro, G, Nimmo, G, Nordmann, P, Nougairède, A, Novais, A, Nygard, K, Oliveira, D, Orth, D, Ortiz, JR, Osherov, N, Österblad, M, Ostrosky-Zeichner, L, Pagano, L, Palamara, AT, Pallares, R, Panagopoulou, P, Pandey, P, Panepinto, J, Pappas, G, Parkins, M, Parola, P, Pasqualotto, A, Pasteran, F, Paul, M, Pawlotsky, J-M, Peeters, M, Peixe, L, Pepin, J, Peralta, G, Pereyre, S, Perfect, JR, Petinaki, E, Petric, M, Pettigrew, M, Pfaller, M, Philipp, M, Phillips, G, Pichichero, M, Pierangeli, A, Pierard, D, Pigrau, C, Pilishvili, T, Pinto, F, Pistello, M, Pitout, J, Poirel, L, Poli, G, Poppert, S, Posfay-Barbe, K, Pothier, P, Poxton, I, Poyart, C, Pozzetto, B, Pujol, M, Pulcini, C, Punyadeera, C, Ramirez, M, Ranque, S, Raoult, D, Rasigade, J-P, Re, MC, Reilly, JS, Reinert, R, Renaud, B, Rice, L, Rich, S, Richet, H, Rigouts, L, Riva, E, Rizzo, C, Robotham, J, Rodicio, MR, Rodriguez, J, Rodriguez-Bano, J, Rogier, C, Roilides, E, Rolain, J-M, Rooijakkers, S, Rooney, P, Rossi, F, Rotimi, V, Rottman, M, Roux, V, Ruhe, J, Russo, G, Sadowy, E, Sagel, U, Said, SI, Saijo, M, Sak, B, Sa-Leao, R, Sanders, EAM, Sanguinetti, M, Sarrazin, C, Savelkoul, P, Scheifele, D, Schmidt, W-P, Schønheyder, H, Schönrich, G, Schrenzel, J, Schubert, S, Schwarz, K, Schwarz, S, Sefton, A, Segondy, M, Seifert, H, Seng, P, Senneville, E, Sexton, D, Shafer, RW, Shalit, I, Shankar, N, Shata, TM, Shields, J, Sibley, C, Sicinschi, L, Siljander, T, Simitsopoulou, M, Simoons-Smit, AM, Sissoko, D, Sjögren, J, Skiada, A, Skoczynska, A, Skov, R, Slack, M, Sogaard, M, Sola, C, Soriano, A, Sotto, A, Sougakoff, W, Souli, M, Spelberg, B, Spelman, D, Spiliopoulou, I, Springer, B, Stefani, S, Stein, A, Steinbach, WJ, Steinbakk, M, Strakova, L, Strenger, V, Sturm, P, Sullivan, P, Sutton, D, Symmons, D, Tacconelli, E, Tamalet, C, Tang, JW, Tang, Y-W, Tattevin, P, Thibault, V, Thomsen, RW, Thuny, F, Tong, S, Torres, C, Townsend, R, Tristan, A, Trouillet, J-L, Tsai, H-C, Tsitsopoulos, P, Tuerlinckx, D, Tulkens, P, Tumbarello, M, Tureen, J, Turnidge, JD, Turriziani, O, Tutuian, R, Uçkay, I, Upton, M, Vabret, A, Vamvakas, EC, van den Boom, D, Van Eldere, J, van Leeuwen, W, van Strijp, J, Van Veen, S, Vandamme, P, Vandenesch, F, Vayssier, M, Velin, D, Venditti, M, Venter, M, Venuti, A, Vergnaud, G, Verheij, T, Verhofstede, C, Viscoli, C, Vizza, CD, Vogel, U, Waller, A, Wang, YF, Warn, P, Warris, A, Wauters, G, Weidmann, M, Weill, F-X, Weinberger, M, Welch, D, Wellinghausen, N, Wheat, J, Widmer, A, Wild, F, Willems, R, Willinger, B, Winstanley, C, Witte, W, Wolff, M, Wong, F, Wootton, M, Wyllie, D, Xu, W, Yamamoto, S, Yaron, S, Yildirim, I, Zaoutis, T, Zazzi, M, Zbinden, R, Zehender, Gianguglielmo G, Zemlickova, H, Zerbini, ML, Zhang, L, Zhang, Y, Zhao, Y-D, Zhu, Z, and Zimmerli, W

Published
2011
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30. Mathematical modelling of vancomycin-resistant enterococci transmission during passive surveillance and active surveillance with contact isolation highlights the need to identify and address the source of acquisition

Author

Cheah, ALY, Cheng, AC, Spelman, D, Nation, RL, Kong, DCM, McBryde, ES, Cheah, ALY, Cheng, AC, Spelman, D, Nation, RL, Kong, DCM, and McBryde, ES

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies and mathematical simulation suggest that active surveillance with contact isolation is associated with reduced vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) prevalence compared to passive surveillance. Models using pre- and post-intervention data that account for the imperfect observation and serial dependence of VRE transmission events can better estimate the effectiveness of active surveillance and subsequent contact isolation; however, such analyses have not been performed. METHODS: A mathematical model was fitted to surveillance data collected pre- and post-implementation of active surveillance with contact isolation in the haematology-oncology ward. We developed a Hidden Markov Model to describe undetected and observed VRE colonisation/infection status based on the detection activities in the ward. Bayesian inference was used to estimate transmission rates. The effectiveness of active surveillance was assumed to be via increased detection and subsequent contact isolation of VRE positive patients. RESULTS: We estimated that 31% (95% credible interval: 0.33-85%) of the VRE transmissions were due to cross-transmission between patients. The ratio of transmission rates from patients with contact isolation versus those without contact isolation was 0.33 (95% credible interval: 0.050-1.22). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the VRE acquisitions in the haematology-oncology ward was estimated to be due to background rates of VRE, rather than within ward patient to patient acquisition. The credible interval for cross-transmission was wide which results in a large degree of uncertainty in the estimates. Factors that could account for background VRE acquisition include endogenous acquisition from antibiotic selection pressure and VRE in the environment. Contact isolation was not significantly associated with reduced VRE transmission in settings where the majority of VRE acquisition was due to background acquisition, emphasising the need to identify and add

Published
2018

32. Spleen Australia guidelines for the prevention of sepsis in patients with asplenia and hyposplenism in Australia and New Zealand

Author

Kanhutu, K, Jones, P, Cheng, AC, Grannell, L, Best, E, Spelman, D, Kanhutu, K, Jones, P, Cheng, AC, Grannell, L, Best, E, and Spelman, D

Abstract

People with asplenia/hyposplenism are at increased risk of fulminant sepsis, which carries a high mortality rate. A range of preventive measures is recommended although there is ongoing evidence that knowledge of and adherence to these strategies is poor. There have been significant changes in recommended vaccinations since the previously published recommendations in 2008. We provide current recommendations to help Australian and New Zealand clinicians in the prevention of sepsis in patients with asplenia and hyposplenia. The guideline includes Australian epidemiological data, preferred diagnostic techniques and recommendations for optimal antimicrobial prophylaxis and vaccination protocols.

Published
2017

33. In-Hospital and 1-Year Mortality in Patients Undergoing Early Surgery for Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis

Author

Lalani T, Chu VH, Park LP, Cecchi E, Corey GR, Fowler VG Jr, Gordon D, Grossi P, Hannan M, Hoen B, Muñoz P, Rizk H, Kanj SS, Selton Suty C, Sexton DJ, Spelman D, Ravasio V, Tripodi MF, Wang A., DURANTE MANGONI, Emanuele, Lalani, T, Chu, Vh, Park, Lp, Cecchi, E, Corey, Gr, DURANTE MANGONI, Emanuele, Fowler VG, Jr, Gordon, D, Grossi, P, Hannan, M, Hoen, B, Muñoz, P, Rizk, H, Kanj, S, Selton Suty, C, Sexton, Dj, Spelman, D, Ravasio, V, Tripodi, Mf, and Wang, A.

Subjects
surgery, prosthetic valve endocarditis, in-hospital and 1-year mortality
Published
2013

34. Clinical characteristics and outcome of infective endocarditis involving implantable cardiac devices

Author

Athan E, Chu V, Tattevin P, Selton Suty C, Jones P, Naber C, Miro J, Ninot S, Fernández Hidalgo N, Spelman D, Hoen B, Lejko Zupanc T, Cecchi E, Thuny F, Hannan M, Pappas P, Henry M, Fowler V, Crowley AL, Wang A, among Investigators, DURANTE MANGONI, Emanuele, UTILI, Riccardo, Athan, E, Chu, V, Tattevin, P, Selton Suty, C, Jones, P, Naber, C, Miro, J, Ninot, S, Fernández Hidalgo, N, DURANTE MANGONI, Emanuele, Spelman, D, Hoen, B, Lejko Zupanc, T, Cecchi, E, Thuny, F, Hannan, M, Pappas, P, Henry, M, Fowler, V, Crowley, Al, Wang, A, Among, Investigator, and Utili, Riccardo

Published
2012

35. Validated risk score for predicting 6-month mortality in infective endocarditis

Author

Park, LP, Chu, VH, Peterson, G, Skoutelis, A, Lejko-Zupa, T, Bouza, E, Tattevin, P, Habib, G, Tan, R, Gonzalez, J, Altclas, J, Edathodu, J, Fortes, CQ, Siciliano, RF, Pachirat, O, Kanj, S, Wang, A, Clara, L, LSanchez, M, Casabé, J, Cortes, C, Nacinovich, F, Oses, PF, Ronderos, R, Sucari, A, Thierer, J, Spelman, D, Athan, E, Harris, O, Kennedy, K, Gordon, D, Papanicolas, L, Korman, T, Kotsanas, D, Dever, R, Jones, P, Konecny, P, Lawrence, R, Rees, D, Ryan, S, Feneley, MP, Harkness, J, Post, J, Reinbott, P, Gattringer, R, Wiesbauer, F, Andrade, AR, de Brito, ACP, Guimarães, AC, Tranchesi, RADM, Paiva, MG, Ramos, ADO, Weksler, C, Ferraiuoli, G, Golebiovski, W, Lamas, C, James, AK, Keynan, Y, Morris, AM, Rubinstein, E, Jones, SB, Garcia, P, Cereceda, M, Fica, A, Mella, RM, Fernandez, R, Franco, L, Jaramillo, AN, Barsic, B, Bukovski, S, Krajinovic, V, Pangercic, A, Rudez, I, Vincelj, J, Freiberger, T, Pol, J, Zaloudikova, B, Ashour, Z, Kholy, AE, Mishaal, M, Osama, D, Rizk, H, Aissa, N, Alauzet, C, Alla, F, Campagnac, CC, Doco-Lecompte, T, Selton-Suty, C, Delahaye, F, Delahaye, A, Vandenesch, F, Park, LP, Chu, VH, Peterson, G, Skoutelis, A, Lejko-Zupa, T, Bouza, E, Tattevin, P, Habib, G, Tan, R, Gonzalez, J, Altclas, J, Edathodu, J, Fortes, CQ, Siciliano, RF, Pachirat, O, Kanj, S, Wang, A, Clara, L, LSanchez, M, Casabé, J, Cortes, C, Nacinovich, F, Oses, PF, Ronderos, R, Sucari, A, Thierer, J, Spelman, D, Athan, E, Harris, O, Kennedy, K, Gordon, D, Papanicolas, L, Korman, T, Kotsanas, D, Dever, R, Jones, P, Konecny, P, Lawrence, R, Rees, D, Ryan, S, Feneley, MP, Harkness, J, Post, J, Reinbott, P, Gattringer, R, Wiesbauer, F, Andrade, AR, de Brito, ACP, Guimarães, AC, Tranchesi, RADM, Paiva, MG, Ramos, ADO, Weksler, C, Ferraiuoli, G, Golebiovski, W, Lamas, C, James, AK, Keynan, Y, Morris, AM, Rubinstein, E, Jones, SB, Garcia, P, Cereceda, M, Fica, A, Mella, RM, Fernandez, R, Franco, L, Jaramillo, AN, Barsic, B, Bukovski, S, Krajinovic, V, Pangercic, A, Rudez, I, Vincelj, J, Freiberger, T, Pol, J, Zaloudikova, B, Ashour, Z, Kholy, AE, Mishaal, M, Osama, D, Rizk, H, Aissa, N, Alauzet, C, Alla, F, Campagnac, CC, Doco-Lecompte, T, Selton-Suty, C, Delahaye, F, Delahaye, A, and Vandenesch, F

Abstract

Background-Host factors and complications have been associated with higher mortality in infective endocarditis (IE). We sought to develop and validate a model of clinical characteristics to predict 6-month mortality in IE. Methods and Results-Using a large multinational prospective registry of definite IE (International Collaboration on Endocarditis [ICE]-Prospective Cohort Study [PCS], 2000-2006, n=4049), a model to predict 6-month survival was developed by Cox proportional hazards modeling with inverse probability weighting for surgery treatment and was internally validated by the bootstrapping method. This model was externally validated in an independent prospective registry (ICE-PLUS, 2008-2012, n=1197). The 6-month mortality was 971 of 4049 (24.0%) in the ICE-PCS cohort and 342 of 1197 (28.6%) in the ICE-PLUS cohort. Surgery during the index hospitalization was performed in 48.1% and 54.0% of the cohorts, respectively. In the derivation model, variables related to host factors (age, dialysis), IE characteristics (prosthetic or nosocomial IE, causative organism, left-sided valve vegetation), and IE complications (severe heart failure, stroke, paravalvular complication, and persistent bacteremia) were independently associated with 6-month mortality, and surgery was associated with a lower risk of mortality (Harrell's C statistic 0.715). In the validation model, these variables had similar hazard ratios (Harrell's C statistic 0.682), with a similar, independent benefit of surgery (hazard ratio 0.74, 95% CI 0.62-0.89). A simplified risk model was developed by weight adjustment of these variables. Conclusions-Six-month mortality after IE is 25% and is predicted by host factors, IE characteristics, and IE complications. Surgery during the index hospitalization is associated with lower mortality but is performed less frequently in the highest risk patients. A simplified risk model may be used to identify specific risk subgroups in IE.

Published
2016

36. Mucormycete infection or colonisation: experience of an Australian tertiary referral centre

Author

Langford, S, Trubiano, JA, Saxon, S, Spelman, D, Morrissey, CO, Langford, S, Trubiano, JA, Saxon, S, Spelman, D, and Morrissey, CO

Abstract

Mucormycosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We reviewed patients with mucormycete isolated at Alfred Health, Australia. A retrospective review of 66 patients with mucormycete(s) identified, between 1 April 2008 and 30 June 2014. Baseline demographic, microbiological, radiological, treatment/outcome data were recorded. Site of isolation was sinopulmonary in 77% and skin/soft tissue in 21%. A total of 32% of cases were proven-IFD, 12% probable-IFD and 56% were defined as no-IFD (or colonisation). Rhizopus spp. was identified in 48%. Comparing probable/proven-IFD with no-IFD/colonisation, more patients were postallogeneic stem cell transplantation (28% vs. 0%, P < 0.01) and were receiving immunosuppressive therapy (59% vs. 24%, P < 0.01) including prednisolone >20 mg daily (24% vs. 5%, P = 0.04). A total of 93% of patients with proven/probable IFD received treatment while 30% of no-IFD/colonisation were treated. A total of 72% of patients with proven/probable IFD and 92% of those with colonisation had no further mucormycete isolated. Thirty day mortality was higher in the proven/probable-IFD cohort (24%) compared with no-IFD/colonisation (3%) (P = 0.02). Mucormycosis remains uncommon, with 56% of cases not associated with clinical infection. Immunosuppressive therapy remains strongly associated with mucormycosis. Mortality remains high in those with proven/probable IFD.

Published
2016

37. Differing epidemiology of two major healthcare-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones

Author

Jeremiah, C., Kandiah, J., Spelman, D., Giffard, P., Coombs, Geoffrey, Jenney, A., Tong, S., Jeremiah, C., Kandiah, J., Spelman, D., Giffard, P., Coombs, Geoffrey, Jenney, A., and Tong, S.

Abstract

Background: Two meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones, sequence type (ST) 22 and ST239, have successfully spread globally. Across Australia, ST22 has supplanted ST239 as the main healthcare-associated MRSA. To understand the reasons underlying this shift, the epidemiology and clinical features of infections due to ST22 and ST239 MRSA isolates from a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia were compared. Methods: Over six months, consecutive MRSA isolates with clinical data were collected from specimens referred to Alfred Health Pathology (AHP). Isolates were genotyped by a multi-locus-sequence-typing-based high-resolution melting method. Findings: Three hundred and twenty-eight of 1079 (30%) S. aureus isolated by AHP were MRSA. Of these, 313 were genotyped; 78 (25%) were clonal complex (CC) 22 (representing ST22) and 142 (45%) were CC239 (representing ST239). Common clinical syndromes included skin or soft tissue, respiratory tract and osteo-articular infections. On multi-variate logistic regression, compared with CC239, CC22 was associated with older patients [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.04 for each year increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.07)], and patients from subacute hospitals (aOR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2-5.8) or long-term care facilities (LTCFs; aOR 5.5, 95% CI 2.0-14.5). Median time from patient admission to MRSA isolation was nine days for CC239 and one day for CC22 (< 0.01). MRSA strain epidemiology varied according to hospital unit. Conclusions: CC22 and CC239 MRSA have differing ecological niches. CC22 is associated with elderly patients in LTCFs, and CC239 is associated with nosocomial acquisition. Infection control strategies involving LTCFs and their residents will likely be required to achieve continued MRSA control.

Published
2016

38. Oral presentation: Clinical characteristics and 1 year outcome of cardiac device infective endocarditis

Author

Athan E, Chu VH, Tattevin P, Selton Suty C, Jones P, Naber C, Miro JM, Ninot S, Fernandez Hidalgo N, Spelman D, Hoen B, Lejko Zupanc T, Cecchi E, Thuny F, Hannan M, Pappas P, Henry M, Fowler V, Crowley AL, Wang A., DURANTE MANGONI, Emanuele, Athan, E, Chu, Vh, Tattevin, P, Selton Suty, C, Jones, P, Naber, C, Miro, Jm, Ninot, S, Fernandez Hidalgo, N, DURANTE MANGONI, Emanuele, Spelman, D, Hoen, B, Lejko Zupanc, T, Cecchi, E, Thuny, F, Hannan, M, Pappas, P, Henry, M, Fowler, V, Crowley, Al, and Wang, A.

Published
2011

39. Current Features of Infective Endocarditis in Elderly Patients - Results of the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study RID A-2012-2009

Author

DURANTE MANGONI, Emanuele, UTILI, Riccardo, Bradley S, Selton Suty C, Tripodi MF, Barsic B, Bouza E, Cabell CH, Ramos AIDO, Fowler V, Hoen B, Konecny P, Moreno A, Murdoch D, Pappas P, Sexton DJ, Spelman D, Tattevin P, Miro JM, van der Meer JTM, DURANTE MANGONI, Emanuele, Bradley, S, Selton Suty, C, Tripodi, Mf, Barsic, B, Bouza, E, Cabell, Ch, Ramos, Aido, Fowler, V, Hoen, B, Konecny, P, Moreno, A, Murdoch, D, Pappas, P, Sexton, Dj, Spelman, D, Tattevin, P, Miro, Jm, van der Meer, Jtm, and Utili, Riccardo

Abstract

Background: Elderly patients are emerging as a population at high risk for infective endocarditis (IE). How ever, adequately sized prospective studies on the features of IE in elderly patients are lacking. Methods: In this multinational, prospective, observational cohort study within the International Collaboration on Endocarditis, 2759 consecutive patients were enrolled from June 15, 2000, to December 1., 2005; 1056 patients with IE 65 years or older were compared with 1703 patients younger than 65 years. Risk factors, predisposing conditions, origin, clinical features, course, and outcome of IF were comprehensively analyzed. Results: Elderly patients reported more frequently a hospitalization or an invasive procedure before IE onset. Diabetes mellitus and genitourinary and gastrointestinal cancer were the major predisposing conditions. Blood culture yield,,vas higher among elderly patients with IE. The leading causative organism was Staphylococcus aureus, with a higher rate of methicillin resistance. Streptococcus bovis and enterococci were also significantly more prevalent. The clinical presentation of elderly patients with IE was remarkable for lower rates of embolism, immune-mediated phenomena, or septic complications. At both echocardiography and surgery, fewer vegetations and more abscesses were found, and the gain in the diagnostic yield of transesophageal echocardiography was significantly larger. Significantly fewer elderly patients underwent cardiac surgery (38.9% vs 53.5%; P < .001). Elderly patients with I E showed a higher rate of in-hospital death (24.9% vs 12.8% P < .001), and age older than 65 years was an independent predictor of mortality. Conclusions: In this large prospective study, increasing age emerges as a major determinant of the clinical characteristics of IE. Lower rates of surgical treatment and high mortality are the most prominent features of elderly patients with IE. Efforts should be made to prevent health care-associated acquisition and improve outcomes in this major subgroup of patients with IE.

Published
2008

43. Impact of early valve surgery on outcome of staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve infective endocarditis: Analysis in the international collaboration of endocarditis-prospective cohort study.

Author

Vincelj J., Sexton D.J., Corey G.R., Chu V.H., Wang A., Erpelding M.-L., Durante-Mangoni E., Fernandez-Hidalgo N., Giannitsioti E., Hannan M.M., Lejko-Zupanc T., Pare C., Pericas J., Ramirez J., Rovira I., Sitges M., Anguera I., Font B., Guma J.R., Bermejo J., Bouza E., Fernandez M.A.G., Gonzalez-Ramallo V., Marin M., Pedromingo M., Roda J., Rodriguez-Creixems M., Solis J., Almirante B., Tornos P., De Alarcon A., Parra R., Alestig E., Johansson M., Olaison L., Snygg-Martin U., Pachirat O., Pachirat P., Pussadhamma B., Senthong V., Casey A., Elliott T., Lambert P., Watkin R., Eyton C., Klein J.L., Bradley S., Kauffman C., Bedimo R., Crowley A.L., Douglas P., Drew L., Holland T., Lalani T., Mudrick D., Samad Z., Stryjewski M., Woods C.W., Lerakis S., Cantey R., Steed L., Wray D., Dickerman S.A., Bonilla H., Di Persio J., Salstrom S.-J., Baddley J., Patel M., Peterson G., Stancoven A., Afonso L., Kulman T., Levine D., Rybak M., Cabell C.H., Baloch K., Dixon C.C., Harding T., Jones-Richmond M., Pappas P., Park L.P., Redick T., Stafford J., Anstrom K., Bayer A.S., Karchmer A.W., Durack D.T., Eykyn S., Moreillon P., Chirouze C., Alla F., Fowler V.G., Miro J.M., Munoz P., Murdoch D.R., Tattevin P., Tribouilloy C., Hoen B., Clara L., Sanchez M., Nacinovich F., Oses P.F., Ronderos R., Sucari A., Thierer J., Casabe J., Cortes C., Altclas J., Kogan S., Spelman D., Athan E., Harris O., Kennedy K., Tan R., Gordon D., Papanicolas L., Eisen D., Grigg L., Street A., Korman T., Kotsanas D., Dever R., Konecny P., Lawrence R., Rees D., Ryan S., Feneley M.P., Harkness J., Jones P., Post J., Reinbott P., Gattringer R., Wiesbauer F., Andrade A.R., De Brito A.C.P., Guimaraes A.C., Grinberg M., Mansur A.J., Siciliano R.F., Strabelli T.M.V., Vieira M.L.C., De Medeiros Tranchesi R.A., Paiva M.G., Fortes C.Q., De Oliveira Ramos A., Ferraiuoli G., Golebiovski W., Lamas C., Santos M., Weksler C., Karlowsky J.A., Keynan Y., Morris A.M., Rubinstein E., Jones S.B., Garcia P., Cereceda M., Fica A., Mella R.M., Barsic B., Bukovski S., Krajinovic V., Pangercic A., Rudez I., Freiberger T., Pol J., Zaloudikova B., Zainab A., El Kholy A., Mishaal M., Rizk H., Aissa N., Alauzet C., Campagnac C., Doco-Lecompte T., Selton-Suty C., Casalta J.-P., Fournier P.-E., Habib G., Raoult D., Thuny F., Delahaye F., Delahaye A., Vandenesch F., Donal E., Donnio P.Y., Michelet C., Revest M., Violette J., Chevalier F., Jeu A., Rusinaru D.M.D., Sorel C., Bernard Y., Leroy J., Plesiat P., Naber C., Neuerburg C., Mazaheri B., Athanasia S., Deliolanis I., Giamarellou H., Tsaganos T., Mylona E., Paniara O., Papanicolaou K., Pyros J., Skoutelis A., Sharma G., Francis J., Nair L., Thomas V., Venugopal K., Hurley J., Gilon D., Israel S., Korem M., Strahilevitz J., Casillo R., Cuccurullo S., Dialetto G., Irene M., Ragone E., Tripodi M.F., Utili R., Cecchi E., De Rosa F., Forno D., Imazio M., Trinchero R., Tebini A., Grossi P., Lattanzio M., Toniolo A., Goglio A., Raglio A., Ravasio V., Rizzi M., Suter F., Carosi G., Magri S., Signorini L., Baban T., Kanafani Z., Kanj S.S., Yasmine M., Abidin I., Tamin S.S., Martinez E.R., Nieto G.I.S., Van Der Meer J.T.M., Chambers S., Holland D., Morris A., Raymond N., Read K., Dragulescu S., Ionac A., Mornos C., Butkevich O.M., Chipigina N., Kirill O., Vadim K., Vinogradova T., Edathodu J., Halim M., Lum L.-N., Tan R.-S., Logar M., Mueller-Premru M., Commerford P., Commerford A., Deetlefs E., Hansa C., Ntsekhe M., Almela M., Armero Y., Azqueta M., Castaneda X., Cervera C., Del Rio A., Falces C., Garcia-De-La-Maria C., Fita G., Gatell J.M., Marco F., Mestres C.A., Moreno A., Ninot S., Vincelj J., Sexton D.J., Corey G.R., Chu V.H., Wang A., Erpelding M.-L., Durante-Mangoni E., Fernandez-Hidalgo N., Giannitsioti E., Hannan M.M., Lejko-Zupanc T., Pare C., Pericas J., Ramirez J., Rovira I., Sitges M., Anguera I., Font B., Guma J.R., Bermejo J., Bouza E., Fernandez M.A.G., Gonzalez-Ramallo V., Marin M., Pedromingo M., Roda J., Rodriguez-Creixems M., Solis J., Almirante B., Tornos P., De Alarcon A., Parra R., Alestig E., Johansson M., Olaison L., Snygg-Martin U., Pachirat O., Pachirat P., Pussadhamma B., Senthong V., Casey A., Elliott T., Lambert P., Watkin R., Eyton C., Klein J.L., Bradley S., Kauffman C., Bedimo R., Crowley A.L., Douglas P., Drew L., Holland T., Lalani T., Mudrick D., Samad Z., Stryjewski M., Woods C.W., Lerakis S., Cantey R., Steed L., Wray D., Dickerman S.A., Bonilla H., Di Persio J., Salstrom S.-J., Baddley J., Patel M., Peterson G., Stancoven A., Afonso L., Kulman T., Levine D., Rybak M., Cabell C.H., Baloch K., Dixon C.C., Harding T., Jones-Richmond M., Pappas P., Park L.P., Redick T., Stafford J., Anstrom K., Bayer A.S., Karchmer A.W., Durack D.T., Eykyn S., Moreillon P., Chirouze C., Alla F., Fowler V.G., Miro J.M., Munoz P., Murdoch D.R., Tattevin P., Tribouilloy C., Hoen B., Clara L., Sanchez M., Nacinovich F., Oses P.F., Ronderos R., Sucari A., Thierer J., Casabe J., Cortes C., Altclas J., Kogan S., Spelman D., Athan E., Harris O., Kennedy K., Tan R., Gordon D., Papanicolas L., Eisen D., Grigg L., Street A., Korman T., Kotsanas D., Dever R., Konecny P., Lawrence R., Rees D., Ryan S., Feneley M.P., Harkness J., Jones P., Post J., Reinbott P., Gattringer R., Wiesbauer F., Andrade A.R., De Brito A.C.P., Guimaraes A.C., Grinberg M., Mansur A.J., Siciliano R.F., Strabelli T.M.V., Vieira M.L.C., De Medeiros Tranchesi R.A., Paiva M.G., Fortes C.Q., De Oliveira Ramos A., Ferraiuoli G., Golebiovski W., Lamas C., Santos M., Weksler C., Karlowsky J.A., Keynan Y., Morris A.M., Rubinstein E., Jones S.B., Garcia P., Cereceda M., Fica A., Mella R.M., Barsic B., Bukovski S., Krajinovic V., Pangercic A., Rudez I., Freiberger T., Pol J., Zaloudikova B., Zainab A., El Kholy A., Mishaal M., Rizk H., Aissa N., Alauzet C., Campagnac C., Doco-Lecompte T., Selton-Suty C., Casalta J.-P., Fournier P.-E., Habib G., Raoult D., Thuny F., Delahaye F., Delahaye A., Vandenesch F., Donal E., Donnio P.Y., Michelet C., Revest M., Violette J., Chevalier F., Jeu A., Rusinaru D.M.D., Sorel C., Bernard Y., Leroy J., Plesiat P., Naber C., Neuerburg C., Mazaheri B., Athanasia S., Deliolanis I., Giamarellou H., Tsaganos T., Mylona E., Paniara O., Papanicolaou K., Pyros J., Skoutelis A., Sharma G., Francis J., Nair L., Thomas V., Venugopal K., Hurley J., Gilon D., Israel S., Korem M., Strahilevitz J., Casillo R., Cuccurullo S., Dialetto G., Irene M., Ragone E., Tripodi M.F., Utili R., Cecchi E., De Rosa F., Forno D., Imazio M., Trinchero R., Tebini A., Grossi P., Lattanzio M., Toniolo A., Goglio A., Raglio A., Ravasio V., Rizzi M., Suter F., Carosi G., Magri S., Signorini L., Baban T., Kanafani Z., Kanj S.S., Yasmine M., Abidin I., Tamin S.S., Martinez E.R., Nieto G.I.S., Van Der Meer J.T.M., Chambers S., Holland D., Morris A., Raymond N., Read K., Dragulescu S., Ionac A., Mornos C., Butkevich O.M., Chipigina N., Kirill O., Vadim K., Vinogradova T., Edathodu J., Halim M., Lum L.-N., Tan R.-S., Logar M., Mueller-Premru M., Commerford P., Commerford A., Deetlefs E., Hansa C., Ntsekhe M., Almela M., Armero Y., Azqueta M., Castaneda X., Cervera C., Del Rio A., Falces C., Garcia-De-La-Maria C., Fita G., Gatell J.M., Marco F., Mestres C.A., Moreno A., and Ninot S.

Abstract

Background. The impact of early valve surgery (EVS) on the outcome of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE) is unresolved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between EVS, performed within the first 60 days of hospitalization, and outcome of SA PVIE within the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study. Methods. Participants were enrolled between June 2000 and December 2006. Cox proportional hazards modeling that included surgery as a time-dependent covariate and propensity adjustment for likelihood to receive cardiac surgery was used to evaluate the impact of EVS and 1-year all-cause mortality on patients with definite left-sided S. aureus PVIE and no history of injection drug use. Results. EVS was performed in 74 of the 168 (44.3%) patients. One-year mortality was significantly higher among patients with S. aureus PVIE than in patients with non-S. aureus PVIE (48.2% vs 32.9%; P = .003). Staphylococcus aureus PVIE patients who underwent EVS had a significantly lower 1-year mortality rate (33.8% vs 59.1%; P = .001). In multivariate, propensity-adjusted models, EVS was not associated with 1-year mortality (risk ratio, 0.67 [95% confidence interval, .39-1.15]; P = .15). Conclusions. In this prospective, multinational cohort of patients with S. aureus PVIE, EVS was not associated with reduced 1-year mortality. The decision to pursue EVS should be individualized for each patient, based upon infection-specific characteristics rather than solely upon the microbiology of the infection causing PVIE.Copyright © The Author 2014.

Published
2015

44. Candida infective endocarditis: An observational cohort study with a focus on therapy.

Author

Campagnac C., Llopis J., Marco F., Mestres C.A., Moreno A., Ninot S., Pare C., Pericas J.M., Ramirez J., Rovira I., Sitges M., Anguera I., Font B., Guma J.R., Bermejo J., Bouza E., Leoni M.E.G., Robles J.A.G., Ramallo V.G., Cruz A.F., Kestler M., Marin M., Selles M.M., Abella H.R., Roda J.R., Lopez R.A., Pinilla B., Pinto A., Valerio M., Vazquez P., Verde E., Almirante B., De Alarcon A., Parra R., Alestig E., Johansson M., Olaison L., Snygg-Martin U., Pachirat O., Pachirat P., Pussadhamma B., Senthong V., Casey A., Elliott T., Lambert P., Watkin R., Eyton C., Klein J.L., Kauffman C., Bedimo R., Corey G.R., Crowley A.L., Douglas P., Drew L., Fowler V.G., Holland T., Lalani T., Mudrick D., Samad Z., Sexton D., Stryjewski M., Wang A., Woods C.W., Lerakis S., Cantey R., Steed L., Wray D., Dickerman S.A., Bonilla H., DiPersio J., Salstrom S.-J., Baddley J., Patel M., Peterson G., Stancoven A., Levine D., Riddle J., Rybak M., Cabell C.H., Baloch K., Dixon C.C., Harding T., Jones-Richmond M., Park L.P., Sanderford B., Stafford J., Anstrom K., Karchmer A.W., Sexton D.J., Durack D.T., Eykyn S., Moreillon P., Sexton. D.J., Arnold C.J., Johnson M., Bayer A.S., Bradley S., Giannitsioti E., Miro J.M., Tornos P., Tattevin P., Strahilevitz J., Spelman D., Athan E., Nacinovich F., Lamas C., Barsic B., Fernandez-Hidalgo N., Munoz P., Chu V.H., Clara L., Sanchez M., Casabe J., Cortes C., Oses P.F., Ronderos R., Sucari A., Thierer J., Altclas J., Kogan S., Harris O., Kennedy K., Tan R., Gordon D., Papanicolas L., Korman T., Kotsanas D., Dever R., Jones P., Konecny P., Lawrence R., Rees D., Ryan S., Feneley M.P., Harkness J., Post J., Reinbott P., Gattringer R., Wiesbauer F., Andrade A.R., De Brito A.C.P., Guimaraes A.C., Grinberg M., Mansur A.J., Siciliano R.F., Strabelli T.M.V., Vieira M.L.C., De Medeiros Tranchesi R.A., Paiva M.G., Fortes C.Q., De Oliveira Ramos A., Weksler C., Ferraiuoli G., Golebiovski W., Karlowsky J.A., Keynan Y., Morris A.M., Rubinstein E., Jones S.B., Garcia P., Cereceda M., Fica A., Mella R.M., Fernandez R., Franco L., Gonzalez J., Jaramillo A.N., Bukovski S., Krajinovic V., Pangercic A., Rudez I., Vincelj J., Freiberger T., Pol J., Zaloudikova B., Ashour Z., Kholy A.E., Mishaal M., Osama D., Rizk H., Aissa N., Alauzet C., Alla F., Doco-Lecompte T., Selton-Suty C., Casalta J.-P., Fournier P.-E., Habib G., Raoult D., Thuny F., Delahaye F., Delahaye A., Vandenesch F., Donal E., Donnio P.Y., Flecher E., Michelet C., Revest M., Chevalier F., Jeu A., Remadi J.P., Rusinaru D., Tribouilloy C., Bernard Y., Chirouze C., Hoen B., Leroy J., Plesiat P., Naber C., Neuerburg C., Mazaheri B., Helen G., Sofia A., Ioannis D., Thomas T., Mylona E., Paniara O., Papanicolaou K., Pyros J., Skoutelis A., Sharma G., Francis J., Nair L., Thomas V., Venugopal K., Hannan M.M., Hurley J.P., Cahan A., Gilon D., Israel S., Korem M., Durante-Mangoni E., Mattucci I., Pinto D., Agrusta F., Senese A., Ragone E., Utili R., Cecchi E., De Rosa F., Forno D., Imazio M., Trinchero R., Grossi P., Lattanzio M., Toniolo A., Goglio A., Raglio A., Ravasio V., Rizzi M., Suter F., Carosi G., Magri S., Signorini L., Kanafani Z., Kanj S.S., Sharif-Yakan A., Abidin I., Tamin S.S., Martinez E.R., Nieto G.I.S., Van Der Meer J.T.M., Chambers S., Holland D., Morris A., Raymond N., Read K., Murdoch D.R., Dragulescu S., Ionac A., Mornos C., Butkevich O.M., Chipigina N., Kirill O., Vadim K., Vinogradova T., Edathodu J., Halim M., Liew Y.-Y., Tan R.-S., Lejko-Zupanc T., Logar M., Mueller-Premru M., Commerford P., Commerford A., Deetlefs E., Hansa C., Ntsekhe M., Almela M., Armero Y., Azqueta M., Castaneda X., Cervera C., Falces C., Garcia-De-La-Maria C., Fita G., Gatell J.M., Heras M., Campagnac C., Llopis J., Marco F., Mestres C.A., Moreno A., Ninot S., Pare C., Pericas J.M., Ramirez J., Rovira I., Sitges M., Anguera I., Font B., Guma J.R., Bermejo J., Bouza E., Leoni M.E.G., Robles J.A.G., Ramallo V.G., Cruz A.F., Kestler M., Marin M., Selles M.M., Abella H.R., Roda J.R., Lopez R.A., Pinilla B., Pinto A., Valerio M., Vazquez P., Verde E., Almirante B., De Alarcon A., Parra R., Alestig E., Johansson M., Olaison L., Snygg-Martin U., Pachirat O., Pachirat P., Pussadhamma B., Senthong V., Casey A., Elliott T., Lambert P., Watkin R., Eyton C., Klein J.L., Kauffman C., Bedimo R., Corey G.R., Crowley A.L., Douglas P., Drew L., Fowler V.G., Holland T., Lalani T., Mudrick D., Samad Z., Sexton D., Stryjewski M., Wang A., Woods C.W., Lerakis S., Cantey R., Steed L., Wray D., Dickerman S.A., Bonilla H., DiPersio J., Salstrom S.-J., Baddley J., Patel M., Peterson G., Stancoven A., Levine D., Riddle J., Rybak M., Cabell C.H., Baloch K., Dixon C.C., Harding T., Jones-Richmond M., Park L.P., Sanderford B., Stafford J., Anstrom K., Karchmer A.W., Sexton D.J., Durack D.T., Eykyn S., Moreillon P., Sexton. D.J., Arnold C.J., Johnson M., Bayer A.S., Bradley S., Giannitsioti E., Miro J.M., Tornos P., Tattevin P., Strahilevitz J., Spelman D., Athan E., Nacinovich F., Lamas C., Barsic B., Fernandez-Hidalgo N., Munoz P., Chu V.H., Clara L., Sanchez M., Casabe J., Cortes C., Oses P.F., Ronderos R., Sucari A., Thierer J., Altclas J., Kogan S., Harris O., Kennedy K., Tan R., Gordon D., Papanicolas L., Korman T., Kotsanas D., Dever R., Jones P., Konecny P., Lawrence R., Rees D., Ryan S., Feneley M.P., Harkness J., Post J., Reinbott P., Gattringer R., Wiesbauer F., Andrade A.R., De Brito A.C.P., Guimaraes A.C., Grinberg M., Mansur A.J., Siciliano R.F., Strabelli T.M.V., Vieira M.L.C., De Medeiros Tranchesi R.A., Paiva M.G., Fortes C.Q., De Oliveira Ramos A., Weksler C., Ferraiuoli G., Golebiovski W., Karlowsky J.A., Keynan Y., Morris A.M., Rubinstein E., Jones S.B., Garcia P., Cereceda M., Fica A., Mella R.M., Fernandez R., Franco L., Gonzalez J., Jaramillo A.N., Bukovski S., Krajinovic V., Pangercic A., Rudez I., Vincelj J., Freiberger T., Pol J., Zaloudikova B., Ashour Z., Kholy A.E., Mishaal M., Osama D., Rizk H., Aissa N., Alauzet C., Alla F., Doco-Lecompte T., Selton-Suty C., Casalta J.-P., Fournier P.-E., Habib G., Raoult D., Thuny F., Delahaye F., Delahaye A., Vandenesch F., Donal E., Donnio P.Y., Flecher E., Michelet C., Revest M., Chevalier F., Jeu A., Remadi J.P., Rusinaru D., Tribouilloy C., Bernard Y., Chirouze C., Hoen B., Leroy J., Plesiat P., Naber C., Neuerburg C., Mazaheri B., Helen G., Sofia A., Ioannis D., Thomas T., Mylona E., Paniara O., Papanicolaou K., Pyros J., Skoutelis A., Sharma G., Francis J., Nair L., Thomas V., Venugopal K., Hannan M.M., Hurley J.P., Cahan A., Gilon D., Israel S., Korem M., Durante-Mangoni E., Mattucci I., Pinto D., Agrusta F., Senese A., Ragone E., Utili R., Cecchi E., De Rosa F., Forno D., Imazio M., Trinchero R., Grossi P., Lattanzio M., Toniolo A., Goglio A., Raglio A., Ravasio V., Rizzi M., Suter F., Carosi G., Magri S., Signorini L., Kanafani Z., Kanj S.S., Sharif-Yakan A., Abidin I., Tamin S.S., Martinez E.R., Nieto G.I.S., Van Der Meer J.T.M., Chambers S., Holland D., Morris A., Raymond N., Read K., Murdoch D.R., Dragulescu S., Ionac A., Mornos C., Butkevich O.M., Chipigina N., Kirill O., Vadim K., Vinogradova T., Edathodu J., Halim M., Liew Y.-Y., Tan R.-S., Lejko-Zupanc T., Logar M., Mueller-Premru M., Commerford P., Commerford A., Deetlefs E., Hansa C., Ntsekhe M., Almela M., Armero Y., Azqueta M., Castaneda X., Cervera C., Falces C., Garcia-De-La-Maria C., Fita G., Gatell J.M., and Heras M.

Abstract

Candida infective endocarditis is a rare disease with a high mortality rate. Our understanding of this infection is derived from case series, case reports, and small prospective cohorts. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical features and use of different antifungal treatment regimens for Candida infective endocarditis. This prospective cohort study was based on 70 cases of Candida infective endocarditis from the International Collaboration on Endocarditis (ICE)-Prospective Cohort Study and ICE-Plus databases collected between 2000 and 2010. The majority of infections were acquired nosocomially (67%). Congestive heart failure (24%), prosthetic heart valve (46%), and previous infective endocarditis (26%) were common comorbidities. Overall mortality was high, with 36% mortality in the hospital and 59% at 1 year. On univariate analysis, older age, heart failure at baseline, persistent candidemia, nosocomial acquisition, heart failure as a complication, and intracardiac abscess were associated with higher mortality. Mortality was not affected by use of surgical therapy or choice of antifungal agent. A subgroup analysis was performed on 33 patients for whom specific antifungal therapy information was available. In this subgroup, 11 patients received amphotericin B-based therapy and 14 received echinocandin-based therapy. Despite a higher percentage of older patients and nosocomial infection in the echinocandin group, mortality rates were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, Candida infective endocarditis is associated with a high mortality rate that was not impacted by choice of antifungal therapy or by adjunctive surgical intervention. Additionally, echinocandin therapy was as effective as amphotericin B-based therapy in the small subgroup analysis.Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology.

Published
2015

47. Analysis of the Impact of Early Surgery on In-hospital Mortality of Native Valve Endocarditis: Use of Propensity Score and Instrumental Variable Methods to Adjust for Treatment Selection Bias

Author

Lalani, T., Cabell, C.H., Benjamin, D.K., Lasca, O., Naber, C., Fowler V.G. Jr., Corey, G.R., Chu, V.H., Fenely, M., Pachirat, O., Tan, R.S., Watkin, R., Ionac, A., Moreno, A., Mestres, C.A., Casabé, J., Chipigina, N., Eisen, D.P., Spelman, D., Delahaye, F., Peterson, G., Olaison, L., Wang, A, International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study (ICE-PCS) Investigators: ..., Baršić, Bruno, Vincelj, Josip, Bukovski, Suzana, and Krajinović, Vladimir

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Staphylococcus aureus, Time Factors, Perforation (oil well), Decision Making, Medizin, Heart Valve Diseases, Article, Cohort Studies, Pharmacotherapy, Bias, native valve endocarditis, NVE, surgery, Physiology (medical), medicine, Humans, Hospital Mortality, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Stroke, Survival rate, Selection Bias, Retrospective Studies, Endocarditis, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, Staphylococcal Infections, medicine.disease, Surgery, Survival Rate, Propensity score matching, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Risk Reduction Behavior, Cohort study, Endocardium
Abstract

Background— The impact of early surgery on mortality in patients with native valve endocarditis (NVE) is unresolved. This study sought to evaluate valve surgery compared with medical therapy for NVE and to identify characteristics of patients who are most likely to benefit from early surgery. Methods and Results— Using a prospective, multinational cohort of patients with definite NVE, the effect of early surgery on in-hospital mortality was assessed by propensity-based matching adjustment for survivor bias and by instrumental variable analysis. Patients were stratified by propensity quintile, paravalvular complications, valve perforation, systemic embolization, stroke, Staphylococcus aureus infection, and congestive heart failure. Of the 1552 patients with NVE, 720 (46%) underwent early surgery and 832 (54%) were treated with medical therapy. Compared with medical therapy, early surgery was associated with a significant reduction in mortality in the overall cohort (12.1% [87/720] versus 20.7% [172/832]) and after propensity-based matching and adjustment for survivor bias (absolute risk reduction [ARR] −5.9%, P P P =0.002) and those with paravalvular complications (ARR −17.3%, P P =0.002), S aureus NVE (ARR −20.1%, P P =0.02) but not those with valve perforation or congestive heart failure. Conclusions— Early surgery for NVE is associated with an in-hospital mortality benefit compared with medical therapy alone.

Published
2010

48. One-year outcome following biological or mechanical valve replacement for infective endocarditis.

Author

Pangercic A., Munoz P., Pedromingo M., Roda J., Rodriguez-Creixems M., Solis J., Almirante B., Fernandez-Hidalgo N., Tornos P., de Alarcon A., Parra R., Alestig E., Johansson M., Olaison L., Snygg-Martin U., Pachirat P., Pussadhamma B., Senthong V., Casey A., Elliott T., Lambert P., Watkin R., Eyton C., Klein J.L., Bradley S., Kauffman C., Bedimo R., Corey G.R., Crowley A.L., Douglas P., Drew L., Fowler V.G., Holland T., Lalani T., Mudrick D., Samad Z., Sexton D.J., Stryjewski M., Woods C.W., Lerakis S., Cantey R., Steed L., Wray D., Dickerman S.A., Bonilla H., Dipersio J., Salstrom S.-J., Baddley J., Patel M., Peterson G., Stancoven A., Levine D., Riddle J., Rybak M., Cabell C.H., Baloch K., Dixon C.C., Harding T., Jones-Richmond M., Park L.P., Sanderford B., Stafford J., Anstrom K., Bayer A.S., Karchmer A.W., Durack D.T., Eykyn S., Moreillon P., Delahaye F., Chu V.H., Altclas J., Barsic B., Delahaye A., Freiberger T., Gordon D.L., Hannan M.M., Hoen B., Kanj S.S., Lejko-Zupanc T., Mestres C.A., Pachirat O., Pappas P., Lamas C., Selton-Suty C., Tan R., Tattevin P., Wang A., Clara L., Sanchez M., Casabe J., Cortes C., Nacinovich F., Oses P.F., Ronderos R., Sucari A., Thierer J., Kogan S., Spelman D., Athan E., Harris O., Kennedy K., Gordon D., Papanicolas L., Eisen D., Grigg L., Street A., Korman T., Kotsanas D., Dever R., Jones P., Konecny P., Lawrence R., Rees D., Ryan S., Feneley M.P., Harkness J., Post J., Reinbott P., Gattringer R., Wiesbauer F., Andrade A.R., de Brito A.C.P., Guimaraes A.C., Grinberg M., Mansur A.J., Siciliano R.F., Strabelli T.M.V., Vieira M.L.C., Tranchesi R.A.M., Paiva M.G., Fortes C.Q., Ramos A.O., Ferraiuoli G., Golebiovski W., Weksler C., Santos M., Karlowsky J.A., Keynan Y., Morris A.M., Rubinstein E., Jones S.B., Garcia P., Cereceda M., Fica A., Mella R.M., Fernandez R., Franco L., Gonzalez J., Jaramillo A.N., Bukovski S., Krajinovic V., Sharma G., Rudez I., Vincelj J., Pol J., Zaloudikova B., Ashour Z., El Kholy A., Mishaal M., Osama D., Rizk H., Aissa N., Alauzet C., Alla F., Campagnac C., Doco-Lecompte T., Goehringer F., Casalta J.-P., Fournier P.-E., Habib G., Raoult D., Thuny F., Vandenesch F., Donal E., Donnio P.Y., Flecher E., Michelet C., Revest M., Chevalier F., Jeu A., Remadi J.P., Rusinaru D., Tribouilloy C., Bernard Y., Chirouze C., Leroy J., Plesiat P., Naber C., Neuerburg C., Mazaheri B., Thomas T., Giannitsioti E., Mylona E., Paniara O., Papanicolaou K., Pyros J., Skoutelis A., Papanikolaou K., Francis J., Nair L., Thomas V., Venugopal K., Hannan M., Hurley J., Cahan A., Gilon D., Israel S., Korem M., Strahilevitz J., Durante-Mangoni E., Mattucci I., Pinto D., Agrusta F., Senese A., Ragone E., Utili R., Cecchi E., De Rosa F., Forno D., Imazio M., Trinchero R., Tebini A., Grossi P., Lattanzio M., Toniolo A., Goglio A., Raglio A., Ravasio V., Rizzi M., Suter F., Carosi G., Magri S., Signorini L., Anouti K., Chahoud J., Kanafani Z., Abidin I., Tamin S.S., Martinez E.R., Nieto G.I.S., van der Meer J.T.M., Chambers S., Holland D., Morris A., Raymond N., Read K., Murdoch D.R., Dragulescu S., Ionac A., Mornos C., Butkevich O.M., Chipigina N., Kirill O., Vadim K., Vinogradova T., Edathodu J., Halim M., Liew Y.-Y., Tan R.-S., Logar M., Mueller-Premru M., Commerford P., Commerford A., Deetlefs E., Hansa C., Ntsekhe M., Almela M., Armero Y., Azqueta M., Castaneda X., Cervera C., Del Rio A., Falces C., Garcia-De-la-maria C., Fita G., Gatell J.M., Heras M., Llopis J., Marco F., Miro J.M., Moreno A., Ninot S., Pare C., Pericas J.M., Ramirez J., Rovira I., Sitges M., Anguera I., Font B., Guma J.R., Bermejo J., Bouza E., Fernandez M.A.G., Gonzalez-Ramallo V., Marin M., Pangercic A., Munoz P., Pedromingo M., Roda J., Rodriguez-Creixems M., Solis J., Almirante B., Fernandez-Hidalgo N., Tornos P., de Alarcon A., Parra R., Alestig E., Johansson M., Olaison L., Snygg-Martin U., Pachirat P., Pussadhamma B., Senthong V., Casey A., Elliott T., Lambert P., Watkin R., Eyton C., Klein J.L., Bradley S., Kauffman C., Bedimo R., Corey G.R., Crowley A.L., Douglas P., Drew L., Fowler V.G., Holland T., Lalani T., Mudrick D., Samad Z., Sexton D.J., Stryjewski M., Woods C.W., Lerakis S., Cantey R., Steed L., Wray D., Dickerman S.A., Bonilla H., Dipersio J., Salstrom S.-J., Baddley J., Patel M., Peterson G., Stancoven A., Levine D., Riddle J., Rybak M., Cabell C.H., Baloch K., Dixon C.C., Harding T., Jones-Richmond M., Park L.P., Sanderford B., Stafford J., Anstrom K., Bayer A.S., Karchmer A.W., Durack D.T., Eykyn S., Moreillon P., Delahaye F., Chu V.H., Altclas J., Barsic B., Delahaye A., Freiberger T., Gordon D.L., Hannan M.M., Hoen B., Kanj S.S., Lejko-Zupanc T., Mestres C.A., Pachirat O., Pappas P., Lamas C., Selton-Suty C., Tan R., Tattevin P., Wang A., Clara L., Sanchez M., Casabe J., Cortes C., Nacinovich F., Oses P.F., Ronderos R., Sucari A., Thierer J., Kogan S., Spelman D., Athan E., Harris O., Kennedy K., Gordon D., Papanicolas L., Eisen D., Grigg L., Street A., Korman T., Kotsanas D., Dever R., Jones P., Konecny P., Lawrence R., Rees D., Ryan S., Feneley M.P., Harkness J., Post J., Reinbott P., Gattringer R., Wiesbauer F., Andrade A.R., de Brito A.C.P., Guimaraes A.C., Grinberg M., Mansur A.J., Siciliano R.F., Strabelli T.M.V., Vieira M.L.C., Tranchesi R.A.M., Paiva M.G., Fortes C.Q., Ramos A.O., Ferraiuoli G., Golebiovski W., Weksler C., Santos M., Karlowsky J.A., Keynan Y., Morris A.M., Rubinstein E., Jones S.B., Garcia P., Cereceda M., Fica A., Mella R.M., Fernandez R., Franco L., Gonzalez J., Jaramillo A.N., Bukovski S., Krajinovic V., Sharma G., Rudez I., Vincelj J., Pol J., Zaloudikova B., Ashour Z., El Kholy A., Mishaal M., Osama D., Rizk H., Aissa N., Alauzet C., Alla F., Campagnac C., Doco-Lecompte T., Goehringer F., Casalta J.-P., Fournier P.-E., Habib G., Raoult D., Thuny F., Vandenesch F., Donal E., Donnio P.Y., Flecher E., Michelet C., Revest M., Chevalier F., Jeu A., Remadi J.P., Rusinaru D., Tribouilloy C., Bernard Y., Chirouze C., Leroy J., Plesiat P., Naber C., Neuerburg C., Mazaheri B., Thomas T., Giannitsioti E., Mylona E., Paniara O., Papanicolaou K., Pyros J., Skoutelis A., Papanikolaou K., Francis J., Nair L., Thomas V., Venugopal K., Hannan M., Hurley J., Cahan A., Gilon D., Israel S., Korem M., Strahilevitz J., Durante-Mangoni E., Mattucci I., Pinto D., Agrusta F., Senese A., Ragone E., Utili R., Cecchi E., De Rosa F., Forno D., Imazio M., Trinchero R., Tebini A., Grossi P., Lattanzio M., Toniolo A., Goglio A., Raglio A., Ravasio V., Rizzi M., Suter F., Carosi G., Magri S., Signorini L., Anouti K., Chahoud J., Kanafani Z., Abidin I., Tamin S.S., Martinez E.R., Nieto G.I.S., van der Meer J.T.M., Chambers S., Holland D., Morris A., Raymond N., Read K., Murdoch D.R., Dragulescu S., Ionac A., Mornos C., Butkevich O.M., Chipigina N., Kirill O., Vadim K., Vinogradova T., Edathodu J., Halim M., Liew Y.-Y., Tan R.-S., Logar M., Mueller-Premru M., Commerford P., Commerford A., Deetlefs E., Hansa C., Ntsekhe M., Almela M., Armero Y., Azqueta M., Castaneda X., Cervera C., Del Rio A., Falces C., Garcia-De-la-maria C., Fita G., Gatell J.M., Heras M., Llopis J., Marco F., Miro J.M., Moreno A., Ninot S., Pare C., Pericas J.M., Ramirez J., Rovira I., Sitges M., Anguera I., Font B., Guma J.R., Bermejo J., Bouza E., Fernandez M.A.G., Gonzalez-Ramallo V., and Marin M.

Abstract

Methods and results Among 5591 patients included in the International Collaboration on Endocarditis Prospective Cohort Study, 1467 patients with definite IE were operated on during the active phase and had a biological (37%) or mechanical (63%) valve replacement. Patients who received bioprostheses were older (62 vs 54 years), more often had a history of cancer (9% vs 6%), and had moderate or severe renal disease (9% vs 4%); proportion of health care-associated IE was higher (26% vs 17%); intracardiac abscesses were more frequent (30% vs 23%). In-hospital and 1-year death rates were higher in the bioprosthesis group, 20.5% vs 14.0% (p = 0.0009) and 25.3% vs 16.6% (p <.0001), respectively. In multivariable analysis, mechanical prostheses were less commonly implanted in older patients (odds ratio: 0.64 for every 10 years), and in patients with a history of cancer (0.72), but were more commonly implanted in mitral position (1.60). Bioprosthesis was independently associated with 1-year mortality (hazard ratio: 1.298). Conclusions Patients with IE who receive a biological valve replacement have significant differences in clinical characteristics compared to patients who receive a mechanical prosthesis. Biological valve replacement is independently associated with a higher in-hospital and 1-year mortality, a result which is possibly related to patient characteristics rather than valve dysfunction. Background Nearly half of patients require cardiac surgery during the acute phase of infective endocarditis (IE). We describe the characteristics of patients according to the type of valve replacement (mechanical or biological), and examine whether the type of prosthesis was associated with in-hospital and 1-year mortality.Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2014

49. Case-case-control study on factors associated with vanB vancomycin-resistant and vancomycin-susceptible enterococcal bacteraemia

Author

Cheah, ALY, Peel, T, Howden, BP, Spelman, D, Grayson, ML, Nation, RL, Kong, DCM, Cheah, ALY, Peel, T, Howden, BP, Spelman, D, Grayson, ML, Nation, RL, and Kong, DCM

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Enterococci are a major cause of healthcare-associated infection. In Australia, vanB vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) is the predominant genotype. There are limited data on the factors linked to vanB VRE bacteraemia. This study aimed to identify factors associated with vanB VRE bacteraemia, and compare them with those for vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (VSE) bacteraemia. METHODS: A case-case-control study was performed in two tertiary public hospitals in Victoria, Australia. VRE and VSE bacteraemia cases were compared with controls without evidence of enterococcal bacteraemia, but may have had infections due to other pathogens. RESULTS: All VRE isolates had vanB genotype. Factors associated with vanB VRE bacteraemia were urinary catheter use within the last 30 days (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.09-7.53), an increase in duration of metronidazole therapy (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.17-2.33), and a higher Chronic Disease Score specific for VRE (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.05-2.77). Factors linked to VSE bacteraemia were a history of gastrointestinal disease (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.05-4.99) and an increase in duration of metronidazole therapy (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.48). Admission into the haematology/oncology unit was associated with lower odds of VSE bacteraemia (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01-0.74). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest case-case-control study involving vanB VRE bacteraemia. Factors associated with the development of vanB VRE bacteraemia were different to those of VSE bacteraemia.

Published
2014

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