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The article examines various factors affecting the accident rate in road transport and studies in detail the consequences of exceeding the established speed limit. Based on the statistics of road accidents and calculations made, the level and severity of the consequences caused by the violation of the speed limit by the driver is established.

Пояснювальна записка дипломної роботи за обсягом становить 50 сторінок, містить 11 таблиць, 36 рисунків та 1 додаток. Для дослідження було використано 15 бібліографічних найменувань. Метою роботи є дослідження ефективності вітрової установки на місцевості з певною швидкістю вітру та порівняння її характеристик з GE 1,5xle. Об’єктом дослідження є процес взаємодії вітру з лопатями установки, що показує ефективність вітротурбіни при різних вітрових навантаженнях. Виконане моделювання вітроколеса, а саме геометрія лопатей (нестаціонарна область). Цю область було поміщено у середовище (стаціонарна область), де відбувалась взаємодія лопатей з вітром. Проведено моделювання при трьох різних швидкостях вітру 3,5 м/с, 5 м/с та 7 м/с. Результати проведеного моделювання були порівнянні з результатами турбіни GE 1,5xle, і показано, що симуляція кривої потужності в ANSYS має таку ж тенденцію як і реальні досліди в аеродинамічній трубі для GE 1,5xle. Також аналіз результату проведеного моделювання показав, що максимальна ефективність турбіни є найбільшим для швидкості вітру 3,5 м/с. The diploma work explanatory note includes 50 pages of the text, 11 tables, 36 illustrations and 1 appendix. At the problem modern state analysis, overall 15 references were used. The aim of the work is to study the efficiency of a wind turbine in the field with a certain wind speed and compare its characteristics with the GE 1,5xle. The object of the study is the process of interaction of wind with the blades of the installation, which shows the efficiency of the wind turbine at different wind loads. Modeling of a wind wheel, namely geometry of blades (non-stationary area) is executed. This area was placed in an environment (stationary area) where the interaction of the blades with the wind took place. Simulations were performed at three different wind speeds of 3,5 m/s, 5 m/s and 7 m/s. The simulation results were comparable to those of the GE 1,5xle turbine, and it was shown that the power curve simulation in ANSYS has the same trend as the actual wind tunnel experiments for the GE 1,5xle. Also, the analysis of the simulation result showed that the maximum efficiency of the turbine is the highest for a wind speed of 3,5 m/s.

The article examines the influence of freight transportation technology on special conditions according to the schedule of route trains on the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the operational work of the railway system of Ukraine. The calculations of the components of the freight car turnover are carried out. It was found that the strategy of routing, transportation by RRMP and coordination of loading and unloading terms significantly reduced the downtime of the car under freight operations. The analysis of indicators shows that the implemented technology of cargo transportation according to the RRMP allowed in 2019 to achieve a reduction within the busy flight of the number of technical stations from five stations in 2018 to 4.7 in 2019. The comparative analysis of technical and district speed is carried out and the speed coefficient is calculated. According to the analysis of the change in the speed factor, it can be stated that the ratio of precinct to technical speed remained unchanged in 2019 compared to 2018, which may indicate the lack of impact of transportation technology on dispatching, which was essentially unchanged for two years. Simulation according to the analytical approach of change of turnover of a freight car at increase in a share of transportations of freights under contracts on special conditions is executed. Calculations prove that with the increase of the share of cars of the working fleet, organized in the transportation of goods by RRMP in the element of car turnover - simple car at technical stations, can significantly reduce the overall turnover of the car. The influence of the technology of transportation according to the schedule on the reduction of the most significant element in the turnover of the car - the downtime of the car under freight operations.

As the interference bandwidth increases, the impact of interference coupling path dispersion on the cancellation performance can no longer be ignored in open space. Especially for the radio frequency interference adaptive cancellation system (RFIACS), the impact will be more serious. In response to this problem, this study establishes the time-domain model of a wideband RFIACS considering interference coupling path dispersion characteristics, and analyses the stability, convergence speed, interference cancellation ratio (ICR), and cancellation bandwidth of RFIACS considering dispersion characteristics. And the authors define the speed factor to characterise the convergence speed. The analysis shows that the dispersion of the interference coupling path will not affect the stability of the system, but will reduce the convergence speed and ICR. The larger the interference coupling path dispersion, the lower the convergence speed, and the larger the cancellation bandwidth, the lower the ICR. The experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.

Abstract. The consequences of speeded testing for the structure and validity of a numerical reasoning scale (NRS) were investigated. Confirmatory factor models including an additional factor for representing working speed and models without such a representation were employed for investigating reasoning data collected in speeded paper-and-pencil testing and in only slightly speeded testing. For achieving a complete account of the data, the models also accounted for the item-position effect. The results revealed the factor representing working speed as essential for achieving a good fit in data originating from speeded testing. The reasoning factors based on data due to speeded and slightly speeded testing showed a high correlation among each other. The factor representing working speed was independent of the other factors derived from reasoning data but related to an external score representing processing speed.

The article presents the mathematical model worked out for calculating the operating force of the wire drawing. The solution of the problem was achieved by dividing the wire work piece material in the deformation zone into an infinitely small finite elements ij; and, by parting the working area of the die geometry, consisting of crimping cone, drawing cylinder and the radius of curvature between them into infinitely small linear sections. The authors described the conditions for continuity at the finite element line, the dependencies required to determine the geometric grid sizes. To determine the total modified draw force, the authors obtained formulas to describe the stress condition at each point of the finite element, based on the motion equations, equations of velocity fields, the incompressibility condition, the deformation rate intensity, taking into account the speed factor and viscoplastic properties of the work material. The article presents the adequacy of the proposed model.

Green scheduling is an important means to achieve sustainable industrial development and enhance the green efficiency of enterprises. Given the characteristics of a modern crude oil supply system, the shuttle tanker fleet green scheduling problem (FGSP) is discussed considering a carbon tax and variable tanker speed factor. To minimize the green operating cost (i.e., sum of general operating cost and carbon tax) of the tanker fleet, an integer programming model for shuttle tanker fleet green scheduling (FGSM) is established. The FGSM optimizes the number and sizes of tankers, the number and positions of floating production storage and offloading units (FPSO) at which to berth and the scheduling plan (i.e., berthing order and sailing speed) of each tanker in the fleet. Based on the column generation algorithm, a shuttle tanker fleet green scheduling algorithm is designed to solve the above model accurately. The experimental results show that considering the speed factor, the green operating cost of an example fleet decreases. For different carbon tax rates, speed optimization is an effective way to reduce the green operating cost of the fleet. The above results also show that the FGSM and algorithm can effectively solve the FGSP, improve the operation level and efficiency, and reduce the green operating cost of oil companies.

In the Comarca Lagunera, the melon is considered the most important vegetable crop, so there is interest in venturing into new export markets for which various ways of preserving the fruit have been investigated. The new Harper-type melon hybrids have higher fruit quality, longer post-harvest life and higher yields than commercial ones. The objective of this work was to identify new Harper-type melon hybrids with longer post-harvest life to reach distant markets. Three Harper-type melon hybrids (King RZ, Queen RZ, Alaniz Gold) were evaluated against a control of the region (Cruiser F1). The experiment was carried out in Matamoros, Coahuila, Mexico, under a randomized block design. The post-harvest life of the fruits stored at 18 °C was evaluated at 10, 20 and 30 days, from the weight loss percentage and the speed factor thereof. There was no significant difference in fruit weight and yield. Queen RZ and King RZ hybrids had the highest total soluble solids values at the time of harvest (13.62 and 13.42 °Brix, respectively) and 30 days post-harvest (10.25 and 10.44 °Brix, respectively) (P ≤ 0.05). Both were marketable after 30 days of storage, sufficient to reach distant markets.

An exponential expression describing the relationship between the amplitude of the blade passing frequency in the vaneless space of a pump turbine operating in the turbine mode and the speed factor is proposed based on statistical analysis. This mathematical relationship was discovered through signal processing of the data recorded during the emergency load rejection process of a prototype pump turbine. Subsequently, based on the pumped-storage test rig at Wuhan University, an experimental investigation was conducted to verify this mathematical relationship. The results indicated that, under the optimal guide vane opening of the model pump turbine, the goodness of fit of this mathematical relationship was quite high. As for the Francis pump turbine, the speed factor corresponds to the Strouhal number. Therefore, for this correlation, the underlying physical mechanism is the influence of the Strouhal number. This relation could inform the design and operation of pump turbines to control the intensity of pressure pulsations in the vaneless space. In addition, based on this mathematical relationship, the intensity of the rotor–stator interaction for different pump turbines can be compared quantitively.

The determination of the geometric vehicle movement is significant for the appropriate design of a road element, such as an intersection or a parking lot, because it ensures safe, smooth and without abrupt changes movements especially for heavy vehicles. Consequently, the accurate and correct swept path analysis of the vehicles determines the geometry of the horizontal alignment. Also, the selection of the design vehicle is a factor that affects the geometric characteristics of the analysis. The AASHTO Green Book presents the minimum turning paths, the maximum steering angle and the minimum centerline turning radius (CTR) for typical design vehicles. In order to simplify the geometrical problem of swept path analysis, the speed in sharp curve road is considered to be low and more specifically less than 15 km/h. However, this condition does not represent the actual vehicle movement, gap that the present paper aims to bridge by performing swept path analysis for increased travel speeds. There are only few cases, especially along urban road network that the lateral force applied on the vehicles that traverse horizontal transition curves are neglected due to low travel speed. On the contrary, in other road projects the transition curve is an integral design element and have advantages in geometric regularity of heavy vehicles movement because of their steering mechanism. Based on the literature review, in this study the design vehicles paths which are considered as clothoid shapes are correlated with their corresponding travel speeds. The implemented methodology considers various design vehicles which travel in various speeds, performing U-Turns.

Exercise has been shown to improve health in people with diabetes. However, various walking speeds and durations in daily life may increase plantar pressure, thereby increasing risk for diabetic foot ulcers. Plantar thickness and stiffness have been demonstrated to be associated with plantar pressure. The pads under the heel and metatarsal heads include microchambers and macrochambers for absorbing impact forces during weight-bearing activities. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different walking intensities on the changes of biomechanical properties of plantar soft tissues. The healthy participants were tested in a 3 × 2 factorial design, including three walking speeds (1.8, 2.7, and 3.6 mph) and two durations (10 and 20 min). B-mode ultrasound images were obtained at the first metatarsal head to quantify plantar soft tissue thickness and stiffness before and after walking. Our results showed that the walking duration factor causes a significant effect on the macrochambers thickness. In addition, the speed factor caused a downward trend of the macrochambers stiffness with a lower walking speed.

In recent years, the construction of China’s rail transportation has grown rapidly. Whether it is an I-shaped track or a grooved-shaped track, the detection of track irregularities is mostly based on the inertial reference method or the string measurement method, but both methods are limited by the speed factor to varying degrees. This paper studies a comprehensive detection method based on fuzzy neural network that combines the inertial reference method with the four-point chord method. It can realize high-precision detection of speed fuzzy speed section (transition speed section), so as to achieve detection of full speed section, and overcome system errors caused by algorithm factors.

Представлені результати дослідження впливу температури на адгезійні властивості рециклінгових пластичних мастил. Для визначення даного показника застосовували лабораторну центрифугу з робочою ємністю, що обігрівається. Дослідженню піддавали спеціально отримані рециклінгові пластичні мастила. Як дисперсійне середовище в цих пластичних мастилах виступали відпрацьовані гідравлічна олива HLP-46, моторна олива SAE 15W-40 API SL / CI-4 і трансмісійна олива SAE 85W-90 GL-5. З цих олив шляхом відстоювання та центрифугування попередньо вилучались вода і механічні домішки, які є енергетичним баластом у виробництві, ускладнюють технологічний процес і негативно впливають на якість кінцевого продукту. Як загущувач в оливу вводили 5% (мас.) поліетилену низького тиску. Наведено опис методики приготування системи «олива - загущувач». Отримані зразки наносили на знежирені сталеві пластини шаром товщиною 0,1 мм. Ці пластини вміщували в центрифугу. Адгезійні властивості визначали за залишковою масою мастила на пластині після випробування. За результатами запропоновано розділити режим експлуатації вузла з пластичним мастилом на оптимальний, тобто штатний, і екстремальний, котрий може в кінцевому підсумку призвести до мастильного голодування поверхонь тертя у вузлі агрегату. Перехідним значенням між цими режимами на підставі практичних рекомендацій фірм-виробників підшипників різних типів можна вважати зменшення початкової кількості пластичного мастила в вузлі до 50 %. Залежно від функціонального призначення відпрацьованої оливи, котра виступає базою для пластичного мастила, підвищення температури проби на кожен 1 °С в середньому знижує швидкість обертання проби до досягнення граничного значення, на 5,6 ÷ 14,4 об/хв. Результати досліджень показали: для використання в якості базового компонента рециклінгових пластичних олив для досягнення високих адгезійних властивостей кінцевого продукту необхідно використовувати трансмісійні та моторні оливи. It is shown that without studying the effect of temperature on the adhesive properties of recycling greases, the principle of both preparation and composition of which are described in the author’s previous works, the practical application of these materials is impossible. This indicator is esp ecially important for determining the interval of operating temperatures of oil in the nodes of the units for various purposes. The results of a study of the effect of temperature on the adhesive properties of recycling greases are presented. To determine this indicator, a laboratory centrifuge with a heated working capacity was used. The study was subjected to specially obtained recycling greases. The used HLP-46 hydraulic oil, SAE 15W-40 API SL / CI-4 engine oil and SAE 85W-90 GL-5 transmission oil were the dispersion medium in these plastic lubricating oils. From these oils, by settling and centrifuging, water and mechanical impurities, which are the energy ballast in the production, were previously removed, complicate the process and adversely affect the quality of the final product. As a thic kener, 5% (mass.) of low-pressure polyethylene was introduced into the oils. The description of the methodology for the preparation of the oil-thickener system is given. The obtained samples were applied to defatted steel plates with a layer thickness of 0.1 mm. These plates were placed in a centrifuge. Adhesive properties were determined by the residual mass of oil on the plate after the test. According to the results, it is proposed to divide the operating mode of the unit with grease into optimal, that is, regular, and extreme, which can ultimately lead to the lubrication starvation of friction surfaces in the unit assembly. A transition value between these modes on the basis of pra ctical recommendations of manufacturers of bearings of various types can be considered a d ecrease in the initial quantity of grease in the assembly to 50%. Depending on the functional purpose of the used oil, which acts as the basis for grease lubrication, increasing the temperature of the sample for every 1 ° C on average reduces the speed of rotation of the sample until the thres hold value is reached, by 5.6 ÷ 14.4 rpm. The research results showed: for use as a basic component of recycled greases to achieve high adhesive properties of the final product, it is necessary to use transmission and motor oils.

This paper reports an investigation of whether data on intelligence obtained by speeded testing have to be represented in confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) by an additional factor besides the ability factor, and whether the additional factor can be identified as a speed factor. The paper further examined whether the hypothesized speed factor influences the relationship between intelligence and working memory. Two independent datasets including data obtained by speeded intelligence testing, measures of processing speed and of working memory were investigated by means of CFA. A hybrid bifactor model was employed to represent the hypothesized speed and the ability factor of the intelligence data. Whereas the factor loadings for representing ability were set free for estimation, the factor loadings for representing speed were constrained according to theory-based expectations. The results showed that a speed factor is necessary for achieving a good fit to the data with speeded testing. The convergent validity of the speed factor was shown by data on measures of processing speed. Furthermore, it turned out that the consideration of the latent speed factor led to a decrease of the correlation between intelligence and working memory. These results suggest that speeded testing influences the assessment of intelligence and may also bias empirical findings regarding the relationships between intelligence and other constructs.

This research was conducted on one of the giant manufacturers of musical instrument equipment that is inseparable from problems related to the effectiveness of the machine/equipment caused by the six big losses. The improper handling and maintenance of the machine can result in losses called the six big losses. The first stage in the effort to increase production efficiency in this company is to measure the effectiveness of laminating machine I using the overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) method which is then followed by measuring the OEE six big losses to find out the amount of efficiency lost in the six big losses. From these six factors, then what factors are found to give the greatest contribution that result in the large amount of efficiency lost in laminating machines I. The causal diagram can be analyzed the real problem which is the main cause of high losses resulting in low efficiency on laminating-machine I. Conclusions that can be taken on laminating machine I that the OEE value for the period April 2016 to March 2017 ranged from 61.08% to 83.91%. This condition indicates that the ability of laminating-machine I to achieve targets and achieve effectiveness has not reached the ideal condition (≥86%). As for those that affect the OEE value and become the top priority, the reduced speed factor is 78.79%.

In this paper, we developed a method to extract item-level response times from log data that are available in computer-based assessments (CBA) and paper-based assessments (PBA) with digital pens. Based on response times that were extracted using only time differences between responses, we used the bivariate generalized linear IRT model framework (B-GLIRT, Molenaar, Tuerlinckx & von der Maas, 2015) to investigate response times as indicators for response processes. A parameterization that includes an interaction between the latent speed factor and the latent ability factor in the cross-relation function was found to fit the data best in CBA and PBA. Data were collected with a within-subject design in a national add-on study to PISA 2012 administering two clusters of PISA 2009 reading units. After investigating the invariance of the measurement models for ability and speed between boys and girls, we found the expected gender effect in reading ability to coincide with a gender effect in speed in CBA. Taking this result as indication for the validity of the time measures extracted from time differences between responses, we analyzed the PBA data and found the same gender effects for ability and speed. Analyzing PBA and CBA data together we identified the ability mode effect as the latent difference between reading measured in CBA and PBA. Similar to the gender effect the mode effect in ability was observed together with a difference in the latent speed between modes. However, while the relationship between speed and ability is identical for boys and girls we found hints for mode differences in the estimated parameters of the cross-relation function used in the B-GLIRT model.

A colheita constitui-se com uma das principais etapas dentro do processo produtivo do feijão, uma vez que apresenta alto custo agregado e se realizada da maneira incorreta pode ocasionar perdas significativas. Objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar as perdas quantitativas na colheita mecanizada de feijão sob diferentes velocidades da colhedora e teor de água dos grãos. O ensaio foi conduzido de julho a novembro de 2019. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x2, sendo três velocidades de colheita (3,5, 4,5 e 5,5 km h-1) e dois teores de água dos grãos (12 e 14%, base úmida), com seis repetições. Foram mensuradas as perdas naturais, por deficiência de corte, nos mecanismos internos e totais. O fator velocidade não foi significativo em nenhuma das perdas avaliadas, embora os valores médios de perdas totais obtidos para as todas as velocidades estudadas estejam acima do limite aceitável. O teor de água afetou as perdas internas e totais, sendo os maiores resultados obtidos com 14%.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the reactive strength index modified (RSImod) as a measure of lower body explosiveness. Fifteen female, National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I volleyball players performed vertical countermovement jumps (CMJs) while standing on a force plate. Each player performed 3 CMJs. The vertical ground reaction forces collected during each jump were used to calculate jump height, time to take-off, time to peak force, peak force, peak rate of force development, and peak power; the latter 3 variables were all normalized to body mass. Reactive strength index modified was calculated as the ratio between jump height and time to take-off. All variables, except for jump height, were then entered a factor analysis, which reduced the input data into 2 factors: a force factor and a speed factor. Although RSImod loaded more strongly onto the force factor, further analysis showed that RSImod loaded positively onto both force and speed factors. Visual analysis of the Cartesian coordinates also showed that RSImod loaded into the quadrant of greater force and speed abilities. These results indicate that the construct of RSImod, as derived from CMJ force-time data, captures a combination of speed-force factors that can be interpreted as lower body explosiveness during the CMJ. Reactive strength index modified therefore seems to be a valid measure to study lower body explosiveness.

Internet service provider used in today's rapidly growing with a wide selection of advantages and disadvantages. Because it was so many criteria - criteria that can be used as a basic internet service providers the most suitable to be applied in the agency in Pangkalpinang. In this study, the authors raise some of the network providers are XL, Telkomsel, Indosat, Three and Smartfren. To select an Internet service provider with a six-level criteria. The level 1 criteria: ease of users, ease of use, speed of data transfer, type of service, access restrictions internrt / quota, network level, and the type of card, level 2 criteria consists of 20 criteria derived from special advantages to the internet service provider. As for the level 3 there are five alternatives are XL, Telkomsel, Indosat, Three and Smartfren. The results of this election result as an internet service provider XL is best as compared with Telkomsel, Indosat, Three, and Smaertfren. XL reliability levels reached 31.7%. And the most influential factor in the selection process is the data transfer speed factor reached 32.5%.

Travel speed estimation at the city level is the essential problem advantageous to many forms of urban transport applications. This paper proposes a travel speed estimation of road network from the GPS data of public transportation system by analyzing trajectory data using machine learning techniques and simple linear and non-linear equations. Map matching algorithms and KNN model are used to project trajectory on to the map and to determine the start and end points of road segments, respectively. The average travel speed of every road segments along the bus route are estimated by using historical data and live GPS data of running buses. Features related to traffic delay are extracted from the Place of Interest (POI) near the road segment. The speed factor matrix is generated based on the output of Travel Speed Estimation Model and traffic delay related features.

Представлено результати лабораторного дослідження по визначенню залежності між показниками якості пластичних мастил та кінематич-ною в’язкістю базової оливи на прикладі рециклінгових мастил, які отримані з відпрацьованих змащувальних олив. У якості загущувача використовувався вторинний поліетилен низького тиску у концентрації 5 % (мас.). Встановлено, що отримані залежності між визначеними показниками якості мастила та кінематичною в’язкістю базової оливи адекватно описуються поліномом другого ступеня, про що свідчать дуже високі (0,93-0,99) значення коефіцієнтів достовірності апроксимації R². Отже кінематична в’язкість базової оливи значно впливає на випаровуваність мастила, втрату оливи при зберіганні мастила та її реологічні властивості. При додаванні однакової концентрації загущувача, найліпшими властивостями володіло мастило, отримане з високов’язкої трансмісійної оливи. Найгіршими реологічними властивостями відрізнялося мастило з мало в’язкої гідравлічної оливи. Зважаючи на це, кінематична в’язкість базової оливи виступає тим фактором у процесі виробництва пластичного мастила, керуючи яким можна формувати його структуру, прогнозувати властивості та знизити собівартість завдяки раціональному використанню загущувача. The results of laboratory research on determination of dependence between quality indicators of plastic oils and kinematic viscosity of base oil on the example of recycling lubricants obtained from spent lubricating oils are presented. As a thickener, secondary polyethylene of low pressure was used at a concentration of 5 % (w / w). It was established that the obtained dependences between the determined quality parameters of the lubricant and the kinematic viscosity of the base oil are adequately described by the polynomial of the second degree, as evidenced by the very high (0.93 -0.99) values of the coefficients of reliability of the approximation of R². Therefore, the kinematic viscosity of the base oil significantly affects the evaporation of the lubricant, the loss of oil during storage of lubricants and its rheological properties. When added the same concentration of thickener, the best properties were the lubricant obtained from high-viscosity transmission oil. The worst rheological properties differed from the lubricant with a little viscous hydraulic oil. In this regard, the kinematic viscosity of the base oil acts as a factor in the process of production of plastic lubricants, which controls, it is possible to form its structure, to predict the properties and reduce the cost, due to the rational use of the thickener.

In this paper, we propose a modified Boolean Particle Swarm Optimization velocity mutual (GEBPSO-vm) algorithm to design thinned planar array, and then optimize the side lobe level of thinned planar array. This new algorithm introduces the concept of feedback factor and G inertia weight factor. The feedback factor will generate an additional speed factor, which makes the evolution direction of the population have adaptive regulation function. The G inertia weight factor allows each particle swarm has a unique local adaptive weight. It is shown that the side lobe level, the sparsity and convergent speed of the planar array are improved by GEBPSO-vm. The simulation results of side lobe level, the sparsity and convergent speed are presented.

To analyze the steady-state temperature field, a three-factor orthogonal test was taken to study comprehensively how the load, speed and tire pressure can influence the tire temperature. The finite element simulation was carried out according to the uncoupled idea. Based on the single-factor analysis towards the speed factor, the actual convection coefficient of different boundaries was determined to calculate the steady-state temperature field at last. These analyses indicate that the tire temperature rise increase with the factor of load and speed, decrease with the increase of the initial tire pressure. The load has the biggest influence on the tire temperature rise, while the speed has the least. With the combination of steady-state temperature field and heat generation rate distribution, all these high-temperature regions can be explained clearly from the finite element perspective.

times are still rarely reported in developmental psychology although they are an indicator of the neural maturity of children's information processing system. Competence and capacity are confounded in development, where children may be able to reason, or remember, but are unable to cope with information processing load. Furthermore, there are social implications in ignoring the speed factor. Slow and apparently delayed reactions from infants and children often try the patience of parents and teachers alike, and can be interpreted as non-compliance already before the child gets the chance to respond. Furthermore, individual differences in reaction times in young children are high, with standard deviations that may prevent significance of differences between task conditions. This inaugural article argues that reaction time research with children nevertheless can be done and raises the methodological problems involved. An example is presented that shows that challenges to capacity reveal true mental effort in a memory task when delay is controlled down to milliseconds rather than just in terms of the number of delay items.

Understanding player behavior in a game is quite important to know people model thinking. Through puzzle games, people can train spatial abilities in a geometry lesson. Spatial ability consists of five groups, one of them is perceptual speed. The Perceptual Speed factor is characterized by the speed in finding a configuration in a mess of distracting material. This research purposes to know user behavior in Tangram Puzzle game based on user data log. Analysis user behavior from two aspects: the dominant of first selecting a puzzle pieces and the correlation between the number of puzzle completion with time. And based on this research can be concluded that player will choose a shape that easily to identified and has a larger size than other to be completed first. Whereas the correlation between the number of completion and time is on a moderate level and quite significant.

La simulación del desgaste mediante el Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF) es una técnica que presenta grandes ventajas para la mejora del diseño de componentes ya que permite reducir el coste que conlleva la experimentación (tiempo de ensayo, materiales, medidas tribológicas). En el caso concreto de la optimización de sistemas multihilo sometidos a fretting, como es el caso de los cables metálicos donde se dan contactos cilindro-cilindro, este método puede resultar especialmente eficiente. Sin embargo, la simulación del desgaste resulta una técnica compleja ya que consta de dos núcleos importantes: por un lado, la resolución del contacto y, por otro, la introducción del modelo de desgaste, requiriendo, para ello, de un coste computacional muy importante. Por ello, en este trabajo se define una metodología a seguir con el fin de optimizar el modelo, en términos de tiempo computacional, para un sistema bloque-cilindro. La metodología definida sería aplicable a todos los modelos de desgaste, de geometrías más complejas. Finalmente, se introduce una técnica que consiste en la introducción de un acelerador de desgaste variable y autoajustable, teniendo en cuenta la evolución de la presión máxima de desgaste y el incremento umbral de desgaste. Esta técnica resulta indispensable en cuerpos sometidos a grandes desgastes, reduciendo el tiempo computacional en un 87 % y un error inferior al 1 %.

The major goal of the present study was to investigate the potential influence of age on the relationship among performance measures derived from a Hick reaction time task and general intelligence (psychometric g). Participants were 130 male and 130 female younger adults (mean age: 24.6 years) covering a wide range of individual levels of intelligence. Results from structural-equation modelling analyses clearly indicate that there is no evidence for the notion of a general speed factor underlying psychometric g. A much more sufficient model is provided by the assumption that median reaction time (RTmd) and intraindividual variability of reaction time (RTSD), though highly correlated, reflect two distinct sources of variance for psychometric g. While age was negatively associated with RTmd, no such relationship could be established for RTSD.

The author pioneered in experimentally finding out that an increase in the workpiece peripheral speed proper in a wide range invariantly leads to a definitely better surface roughness, i.e., smaller thickness of cut, suggesting an improvement in the process ergonomics, in cylindrical centered up grinding under elastic attrition and linear wear conditions, with cubic boron nitride tools of various specifications, on the grinders differing in static stiffness (8.3 and 12.0 N/μm), with a wheel speed ranging from 32 to 91 m/s. A comparative assessment of grinding processes with a fixed and controllable levels of forced vibrations at idling speed has demonstrated that the weakening of the positive influence of the speed factor on the surface roughness and thickness of cut with increasing workpiece speed proper and/or wheel speed is due to the vibration-induced suppression—an increasing amplitude of the wheel-workpiece vibration displacements at rotational speeds of the wheel, workpiece, and other elements of the grinder-workpiece-tool system. Some recommendations are offered of how to improve the ergonomics of cylindrical up grinding with cBN tools by increasing the workpiece speed proper.

Data from two studies that tested children’s attention using visual search for a series of targets in a complex display and a sustained attention task waiting for signals in a similar display were subjected to Factor Analysis to explore previous indications that speed and accuracy (the number of false alarms to non-targets) on this task reflect different mechanisms. The two factors identified confirmed the separation of these two measures and also suggested that the speed factor was related to Mental Age, while the accuracy factor was related to ratings of attentional ability. It is suggested that ratings of attentional ability reflect the efficiency of Executive Functions, displayed in the ability to inhibit responses to non-targets in these tasks, while speed of search is related to processing speed in the nervous system. Therefore Intelligence and Attentional Ability depend on different underlying features of the nervous system.

Noise map presents new alternatives of noise reduction counter measure and becomes important tool for making environmental policy. Many input factors such as road conditions, number of vehicles, speeds of vehicles are used for noise prediction of the noise map. However, results of noise prediction make difference depending on the values of the input factors. In this study, it researched effect of measurement method for vehicle speeds on the prediction results of the noise map.

The present study explored the dimensionality of infant cognition by factor analyzing measures from a battery of tasks administered to a large cohort of 7-month-old preterm and full-term infants (N=203). A principal axis factor analysis yielded three factors accounting for 37% of the variance. There was one attention factor (look duration and shift rate), one speed factor (reaction time), and one memory factor (immediate recognition). The results indicate that infant cognition is better characterized as multidimensional than as unitary, and support the idea that many of the tasks used in infancy tap discrete elementary abilities.