1. An in vivo pharmacokinetic study of metformin microparticles as an oral sustained release formulation in rabbits
- Author
-
Farouk Rezgui, Sihem Bouriche, E. Fernández-Varón, Angela Alonso-García, Carlos M. Cárceles-Rodríguez, [Bouriche,S, Rezgui,F] Laboratoire des Matériaux Organiques (LMO), Faculté de Technologie, Département de Génie des Procédés, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria. [Bouriche,S, Alonso-García,A, Cárceles-Rodríguez,CM] Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain. [Fernández-Varón,E] Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain. [Fernández-Varón,E] Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain., and This research was funded by the Government of the Region de Murcia (Spain) by the Fundación Séneca (project 20950/PI/18). The Fundación Séneca had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.
- Subjects
Chemicals and Drugs::Pharmaceutical Preparations::Dosage Forms::Delayed-Action Preparations [Medical Subject Headings] ,endocrine system diseases ,Polymeric-based formulations ,Controlled-release ,Veterinary medicine ,Administration, Oral ,Pharmacology ,Phenomena and Processes::Metabolic Phenomena::Pharmacokinetics::Biological Availability [Medical Subject Headings] ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phenomena and Processes::Chemical Phenomena::Physicochemical Phenomena::Particle Size [Medical Subject Headings] ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Lagomorpha::Rabbits [Medical Subject Headings] ,SF600-1100 ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals [Medical Subject Headings] ,Ácido láctico ,Espectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier ,Phenomena and Processes::Chemical Phenomena::Chemical Processes::Physicochemical Processes::Hydrogen Bonding [Medical Subject Headings] ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Carnivora::Canidae::Dogs [Medical Subject Headings] ,Biguanide ,Preparaciones de acción retardada ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Drug Therapy::Drug Administration Routes::Administration, Oral [Medical Subject Headings] ,Lactic acid ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Chemistry Techniques, Analytical::Crystallography::X-Ray Diffraction [Medical Subject Headings] ,General Medicine ,Controlled release ,Metformin ,Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Chemistry Techniques, Analytical::Calorimetry::Calorimetry, Differential Scanning [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Macromolecular Substances::Polymers::Polyesters [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amidines::Guanidines::Biguanides::Metformin [Medical Subject Headings] ,Administration, Intravenous ,Rabbits ,Research Article ,medicine.drug ,Half-Life ,Semivida ,medicine.drug_class ,Polyesters ,Phenomena and Processes::Physical Phenomena::Time::Half-Life [Medical Subject Headings] ,Microparticles ,Pharmacokinetics ,In vivo ,medicine ,Animals ,Rastreo diferencial de calorimetría ,Microparticle ,Particle Size ,Metformina ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Fourier Analysis [Medical Subject Headings] ,General Veterinary ,Calorimetry, differential scanning ,Diseases::Endocrine System Diseases::Diabetes Mellitus::Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 [Medical Subject Headings] ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Chemistry Techniques, Analytical::Spectrum Analysis::Spectrophotometry::Spectrophotometry, Infrared::Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared [Medical Subject Headings] ,Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Carboxylic Acids::Hydroxy Acids::Lactates::Lactic Acid [Medical Subject Headings] ,Microplásticos ,Bioavailability ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Farmacocinética ,chemistry ,Delayed-Action Preparations ,Spectroscopy, Fourier transformifrared ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Perissodactyla::Equidae::Horses [Medical Subject Headings] ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Drug Therapy::Drug Administration Routes::Administration, Intravenous [Medical Subject Headings] - Abstract
This research was funded by the Government of the Region de Murcia (Spain) by the Fundacion Seneca (project 20950/PI/18). The Fundacion Seneca had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript., Background: Metformin hydrochloride is a biguanide derivative that has been widely used to treat type 2 diabetes in humans. In veterinary medicine, metformin has shown increasing potential for diabetes treatment in different species, such as equids, dogs, cats and rabbits. It is highly hydrophilic, with incomplete gastrointestinal absorption and very large variability in absolute bioavailability between species, ranging from 4% in equids to 60% in humans. Metformin also shows a short half-life of approximately 2 h in dogs, cats, horses and humans. The objectives of this study were to evaluate a poly (lactic acid) (PLA) metformin microparticle formulation to test in rabbits and conduct a pharmacokinetics study of intravenous ( SIV) and oral solution ( SPO) metformin administration and oral PLA microparticle ( SPLA) administration to rabbits to evaluate the improvement in the metformin pharmacokinetics profile. Results: Metformin-loaded PLA microparticles were characterized by a spherical shape and high encapsulation efficiency. The results from Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy suggested the presence of interactions between metformin and PLA. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis corroborated the results from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies, showing that metformin is present in an amorphous state within the microparticles. Physicochemical characterization suggested that PLA and metformin hydrochloride interacted within the microparticles via hydrogen bonding interactions. The pharmacokinetic study in rabbits showed sustained-release characteristics from the prepared microparticles with a delay in the time needed to reach the maximum concentration ( Tmax), decreased Cmax and bioavailability, and increased mean residence time (MRT) and half-life compared to the pure drug solution. Conclusions: Metformin-loaded PLA microparticles showed optimal and beneficial properties in terms of their physicochemical characteristics, making them suitable for use in an in vivo pharmacokinetic study. The pharmacokinetic parameters of the metformin microparticles from the in vivo study showed a shorter Tmax, longer MRT and half-life, decreased Cmax and the prolonged/sustained release expected for metformin. However, the unexpected decrease in bioavailability of metformin from the microparticles with respect to the oral solution should be evaluated for microparticle and dose design in future works, especially before being tested in other animal species in veterinary medicine., Government of the Region de Murcia (Spain) by the Fundacion Seneca 20950/PI/18
- Published
- 2021