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3. 3(omega) Power Balance Procedure on the NIF

Author

Glenzer, S, primary, Jones, O, additional, Speck, D R, additional, Munro, D, additional, Lerche, R, additional, Salmon, T, additional, Bliss, E, additional, Gates, A, additional, Boyd, B, additional, Auerbach, J, additional, Williams, W, additional, Saroyan, A, additional, Kalantar, D, additional, MacGowan, B, additional, Zacharias, R, additional, Hayman, C, additional, and Sacks, R, additional

Published
2001
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5. Erratum: “Review of the National Ignition Campaign 2009-2012” [Phys. Plasmas 21, 020501 (2014)]

Author

Lindl, J. D., primary, Landen, O. L., additional, Edwards, J., additional, Moses, E. I., additional, Adams, J., additional, Amendt, P. A., additional, Antipa, N., additional, Arnold, P. A., additional, Atherton, L. J., additional, Azevedo, S., additional, Barker, D., additional, Barrios, M. A., additional, Bass, I., additional, Baxamusa, S. H., additional, Beeler, R., additional, Beeman, B. V., additional, Bell, P. M., additional, Benedetti, L. R., additional, Bernstein, L., additional, Berzak Hopkins, L., additional, Bhandarkar, S. D., additional, Biesiada, T., additional, Bionta, R. M., additional, Bleuel, D. L., additional, Bond, E. J., additional, Borden, M., additional, Bowers, M. W., additional, Bradley, D. K., additional, Browning, D., additional, Brunton, G. K., additional, Bude, J., additional, Burkhart, S. C., additional, Burr, R. F., additional, Butlin, B., additional, Caggiano, J. A., additional, Callahan, D. A., additional, Carpenter, A. C., additional, Carr, C. W., additional, Casey, D. T., additional, Castro, C., additional, Celeste, J., additional, Celliers, P. M., additional, Cerjan, C. J., additional, Chang, J., additional, Chiarappa-Zucca, M., additional, Choate, C., additional, Clancy, T. J., additional, Clark, D. S., additional, Cohen, S. J., additional, Collins, G. W., additional, Conder, A., additional, Cox, J. R., additional, Datte, P. S., additional, Deis, G. A., additional, Dewald, E. L., additional, Di Nicola, P., additional, Di Nicola, J. M., additional, Divol, L., additional, Dixit, S. N., additional, Döppner, T., additional, Draggoo, V., additional, Drury, O., additional, Dylla-Spears, R., additional, Dzenitis, E. G., additional, Dzenitis, J. M., additional, Eckart, M. J., additional, Eder, D. C., additional, Eggert, J. H., additional, Ehrlich, R. B., additional, Erbert, G. V., additional, Fair, J., additional, Farley, D. R., additional, Fedorov, M., additional, Felker, B., additional, Finucane, R., additional, Fisher, A., additional, Fittinghoff, D. N., additional, Folta, J., additional, Fortner, R. J., additional, Frazier, T., additional, Frieders, G., additional, Frieders, S., additional, Friedrich, S., additional, Fry, J., additional, Gaylord, J., additional, Glenn, S. M., additional, Glenzer, S. H., additional, Golick, B., additional, Gururangan, G., additional, Guss, G., additional, Haan, S. W., additional, Haid, B. J., additional, Hammel, B., additional, Hamza, A. V., additional, Hartouni, E. P., additional, Hatarik, R., additional, Hatch, B. W., additional, Hatchett, S. P., additional, Hawley, R., additional, Haynam, C., additional, Heebner, J., additional, Heestand, G., additional, Hermann, M. R., additional, Hernandez, V. J., additional, Hicks, D. G., additional, Hinkel, D. E., additional, Ho, D. D., additional, Holder, J. P., additional, Holunga, D., additional, Honig, J., additional, Horner, J., additional, House, R. K., additional, Hutton, M., additional, Izumi, N., additional, Jackson, M. C., additional, Jancaitis, K. S., additional, Jedlovec, D. R., additional, Johnson, M. A., additional, Jones, O. S., additional, Kalantar, D. H., additional, Kauffman, R. L., additional, Kegelmeyer, L., additional, Kerbel, G., additional, Key, M., additional, Khan, S. F., additional, Kimbrough, J. R., additional, Kirkwood, R., additional, Klingman, J. J., additional, Koch, J. A., additional, Kohut, T. R., additional, Koning, J. M., additional, Knittel, K. M., additional, Kozioziemski, B. J., additional, Krauter, G. W., additional, Krauter, K., additional, Kritcher, A., additional, Kroll, J., additional, Kruer, W. L., additional, LaCaille, G., additional, LaFortune, K. N., additional, Lagin, L. J., additional, Land, T. A., additional, Langdon, A. B., additional, Langer, S. H., additional, Larson, D. W., additional, Latray, D. A., additional, Laurence, T., additional, LePape, S., additional, Lerche, R. A., additional, Liao, Z., additional, Liebman, J., additional, London, R. A., additional, Lowe-Webb, R. R., additional, Ma, T., additional, MacGowan, B. J., additional, MacKinnon, A. J., additional, MacPhee, A. G., additional, Malsbury, T. N., additional, Manes, K., additional, Manuel, A. M., additional, Mapoles, E. R., additional, Marinak, M. M., additional, Marshall, C. D., additional, Mason, D., additional, Masters, N., additional, Mathisen, D. G., additional, Matthews, I., additional, McCarville, T., additional, McNaney, J. M., additional, Meeker, D. J., additional, Meezan, N. B., additional, Menapace, J., additional, Michel, P., additional, Miller, P. E., additional, Milovich, J. L., additional, Mintz, M., additional, Montesanti, R., additional, Monticelli, M., additional, Moody, J. D., additional, Moran, M. J., additional, Moreno, J. C., additional, Munro, D. H., additional, Negres, R. A., additional, Nelson, J. R., additional, Norton, M., additional, Nostrand, M., additional, O'Brien, M., additional, Opachich, Y. P., additional, Orth, C., additional, Pak, A. E., additional, Palma, E. S., additional, Palmer, J. N. E., additional, Parham, T. G., additional, Park, H.-S., additional, Patel, P. K., additional, Patterson, R. W., additional, Peterson, J. E., additional, Peterson, J. L., additional, Phillips, T., additional, Prasad, R., additional, Primdahl, K., additional, Prisbrey, S. T., additional, Qiu, S. R., additional, Ralph, J. E., additional, Raman, K. S., additional, Ravizza, F., additional, Raymond, B., additional, Remington, B. A., additional, Rever, M. A., additional, Reynolds, J., additional, Richardson, M. J., additional, Riddle, A. C., additional, Rittmann, B., additional, Rosen, M. D., additional, Ross, J. S., additional, Rygg, J. R., additional, Sacks, R. A., additional, Salmon, J. T., additional, Salmonson, J. D., additional, Sater, J. D., additional, Saunders, R. L., additional, Sawicki, R., additional, Schaffers, K., additional, Schneider, D. H., additional, Schneider, M. B., additional, Scott, H. A., additional, Sepke, S. M., additional, Seugling, R., additional, Shaughnessy, D. A., additional, Shaw, M. J., additional, Shelton, R., additional, Shen, N., additional, Shingleton, N., additional, Simanovskaia, N., additional, Smalyuk, V., additional, Smauley, D. A., additional, Spaeth, M., additional, Spears, B. K., additional, Speck, D. R., additional, Spinka, T. M., additional, Springer, P. T., additional, Stadermann, M., additional, Stoeffl, W., additional, Stolken, J., additional, Stolz, C., additional, Storm, E., additional, Strozzi, D. J., additional, Suratwala, T., additional, Suter, L. J., additional, Taylor, J. S., additional, Thomas, C. A., additional, Tietbohl, G. L., additional, Tommasini, R., additional, Trummer, D., additional, VanWonterghem, B., additional, Von Rotz, R., additional, Wallace, R. J., additional, Walters, C. F., additional, Wang, A., additional, Warrick, A. L., additional, Weaver, S., additional, Weber, S. V., additional, Wegner, P. J., additional, Widmann, K., additional, Widmayer, C. C., additional, Williams, E. A., additional, Whitman, P. K., additional, Wilhelmsen, K., additional, Witte, M., additional, Wong, L., additional, Wood, R. D., additional, Yang, S., additional, Yeamans, C., additional, Young, B. K., additional, Yoxall, B., additional, Zacharias, R. A., additional, Zimmerman, G. B., additional, Batha, S., additional, Danly, C. R., additional, Fatherley, V., additional, Grim, G. P., additional, Guler, N., additional, Herrmann, H. W., additional, Kim, Y., additional, Kline, J. L., additional, Kyrala, G. A., additional, Leeper, R. J., additional, Martinson, D., additional, Merrill, F. E., additional, Olson, R. E., additional, Wilde, C., additional, Wilke, M. D., additional, Wilson, D. C., additional, Chandler, G. A., additional, Cooper, G. W., additional, Hahn, K. D., additional, Peterson, K. J., additional, Ruiz, C. L., additional, Chen, K. C., additional, Dorsano, N., additional, Emerich, M., additional, Gibson, C., additional, Hoover, D., additional, Hoppe, M., additional, Kilkenny, J. D., additional, Moreno, K., additional, Wilkens, H., additional, Woods, S., additional, Frenje, J. A., additional, Johnson, M. G., additional, Li, C. K., additional, Petrasso, R. D., additional, Rinderknecht, H., additional, Rosenberg, M., additional, Séguin, F. H., additional, Zylstra, A., additional, Garbett, W., additional, Graham, P., additional, Guymer, T., additional, Moore, A. S., additional, Bourgade, J.-L., additional, Gauthier, P., additional, Leidinger, J.-P., additional, Masse, L., additional, Philippe, F., additional, and Scott, R. H. H., additional

Published
2014
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7. A Comparison of the Migration of 'Spiked' and 'Intrinsic' Substances from Paper and Board into Raisins and into Tenax as a Food Simulant.

Author

Bradley, E. L., Castle, L., and Speck, D. R.

Subjects
CARDBOARD, PACKAGED foods, ACETOPHENONE, BENZOPHENONES, AROMATIC compounds
Abstract

Four samples of paper and board (P/B) of a type used for packaging dry foods were subjected to migration experiments using raisins and the polymeric powder Tenax as a food simulant. The P/B samples contained only low levels of diisopropylnaphthalene (DiPN) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), and so, experiments were also conducted after spiking the P/B with added model substances. These were o-xylene, acetophenone, dodecane, benzophenone, DiPN and DiBP. Migration experiments into raisins and Tenax were conducted for 10 days at 40°C. Migration levels depended strongly on the nature of the substance. Migration from spiked P/B samples was more extensive (as a percentage of that available) than migration of intrinsic migratable substances, and so, studying spiked samples tends to be conservative. It is considered likely that this is because of binding of substances, especially aromatics with pi-electrons such as DiPN and DiBP, to active sites on the surface of P/B fibres, resulting in non-linear absorption isotherms. However, further work would be needed to prove this conclusively. Considering the results overall and also that raisins packed in P/B can have a shelf life of up to 1 year at ambient temperatures, the test results using Tenax as a food simulant are considered to be appropriate without application of a correction factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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15. Nova experimental facility (invited).

Author

Campbell, E. M., Hunt, J. T., Bliss, E. S., Speck, D. R., and Drake, R. P.

Subjects
LASERS, INERTIAL confinement fusion, PLASMA density
Abstract

The goals of the recently activated Nova laser facility are to address critical issues for evaluating the feasibility of inertial confinement fusion, to implode DT to densities exceeding 200 g/cm³ and pressures greater than 10[sup 11] atm, and to perform a wide range of high energy density plasma physics experiments in the areas of XUV/x-ray lasers, hydrodynamics, and radiation generation and transport. An extremely flexible and sophisticated facility is required to successfully perform such a variety of tasks. The ten-arm Nova laser is capable of irradiating complex targets with laser wavelengths of 0.53 and 0.35 µm and pulse widths that range from 0.09 to > 5 ns, and peak powers greater than several terrawatts per beam line. A sophisticated, variable impedance, transmission line driven Pockels cell allows for complex temporal shaping of the laser pulse. Synchronized oscillators allow for different pulses to be propagated down the beam lines for experiments that require long-pulse or short-pulse x-ray backlighting. The output of the laser can be directed into two independent target areas: a 4.4-m-diam vacuum vessel for experiments which require 10 beams, and a 1.8-m-diam chamber for two Nova arms. The facility has been designed to allow nearly simultaneous, independent experiments to be conducted in both target areas. A number of sophisticated optical, XUV, x-ray, and particle diagnostics measure target performance. An optical fiducial system allows cross correlation of all of the diagnostic systems to better than 50 ps. An overview of the facility, diagnostics, and data-acquisition system will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1986
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16. Novette facility: activation and experimental results.

Author

Manes, K. R., Barr, O. C., Bliss, E. S., Drake, R. P., Godwin, R. O., Gritton, D. G., Hildum, J. S., Holloway, F. W., Hurley, C. A., Johnson, B. C., Kuizenga, D. J., Merritt, B., Ozarski, R. G., Reinecker, F., Severyn, J. R., Speck, D. R., Summers, M. A., Suski, G. J., and Wallerstein, E. P.

Published
1985
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17. Argus laser system: performance summary

Author

Simmons, W. W., Speck, D. R., and Hunt, J. T.

Abstract

The Argus Nd:glass laser system, presently operating as an experimental facility for laser fusion experiments, is described. The laser consists of a master oscillator and two identical amplifier chains, each of 20-cm output aperture. Argus is presently capable of delivering more than 4 TW of power in short (<100-psec) pulses, or more than 2 kJ of energy in 1-nsec pulses, to 100-μm targets. Short pulse performance enhancement obtained by increased aperture filling and implementation of image relaying with high power vacuum spatial filters is described. Experimentally recorded near-field and far-field data for several power levels are presented and discussed in terms of the limiting effects of nonlinear beam instabilities upon focal spot intensity.

Published
1978

22. Novette: a 0.53-pm laser-target interaction system

Author

Manes, K. R., primary, Speck, D. R., additional, Suski, G. J., additional, Barr, O. G., additional, Gritton, D. G., additional, Hilduy, J. S., additional, JohnSon, B. C., additional, Kuizenga, O. J., additional, Patton, H. G., additional, and Thompson, C. E., additional

Published
1983
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23. Laser Fusion Experiments at 4 TW

Author

Storm, E. K., primary, Ahlstrom, H. G., additional, Boyle, M. J., additional, Campbell, D. E., additional, Coleman, L. W., additional, Glaros, S. S., additional, Kornblum, H. N., additional, Lerche, R. A., additional, MacQuigg, D. R., additional, Phillion, D. W., additional, Rainer, F., additional, Rienecker, R., additional, Rupert, V. C., additional, Slivinsky, V. W., additional, Speck, D. R., additional, Swift, C. D., additional, and Tirsell, K. G., additional

Published
1978
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24. Implosion experiments with an asymmetrically irradiated laser fusion target

Author

Holzrichter, J F, primary, Ahlstrom, H G, additional, Speck, D R, additional, Storm, E, additional, Swain, J E, additional, Coleman, L W, additional, Hendricks, C D, additional, Kornblum, H N, additional, Seward, F D, additional, Slivinsky, V W, additional, Pan, Y L, additional, Zimmerman, G B, additional, and Nuckolls, J H, additional

Published
1976
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25. X-ray laser experiments at the Novetle laser facility

Author

Matthews, D. L., primary, Hagelstein, P., additional, Toor, A., additional, Kauffman, R., additional, Wang, C., additional, Leipelt, G., additional, Price, R., additional, Tirsell, G., additional, Lee, P., additional, Ozarski, R., additional, Underwood, J., additional, Weaver, T., additional, Wengert, J., additional, Heaton, G., additional, Hatcher, W., additional, Eckhardt, M., additional, Gerassimenko, M., additional, CampBell, E. M., additional, Speck, D. R., additional, Seppala, L., additional, Manes, K. R., additional, Pleasance, L., additional, and Coleman, L., additional

Published
1983
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33. Analytical screening studies on irradiated food packaging.

Author

Driffield M, Bradley EL, Leon I, Lister L, Speck DR, Castle L, and Potter EL

Subjects
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Coloring Agents radiation effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Electrons adverse effects, Gamma Rays adverse effects, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points methods, Humans, Ink, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Food Contamination analysis, Food Irradiation adverse effects, Food Packaging
Abstract

Foods may be irradiated in their final packaging and this process may affect the composition of the packaging and in turn affect the migration of substances into food. Headspace and liquid injection GC-MS and HPLC with time-of-flight MS have been used to identify and estimate levels of radiolytic products in irradiated finished plastic packaging materials. Fifteen retail packaging materials were studied. Investigations were carried out into the effect of different irradiation types (gamma and electron beam), irradiation doses (1, 3, 7 and 10 kGy) and dose rates (5 kGy s(-1) for electron beam and 0.4 and 1.85 kGy h(-1) for gamma) on the radiolytic products. Any differences seen in comparing the two ionising radiation types were attributed largely to the very different dose rates; for electron beam a 10 kGy dose was delivered in just 2 s whereas using gamma it took 5.4 h. Differences were also seen when comparing the same samples irradiated at different doses. Some substances were not affected by irradiation, others decreased in concentration and others were formed upon increasing doses of irradiation. These results confirm that irradiation-induced changes do occur in substances with the potential to migrate and that the safety of the finished packaging material following irradiation should be assessed.

Published
2014
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34. Model studies of migration from paper and board into fruit and vegetables and into Tenax as a food simulant.

Author

Bradley EL, Castle L, and Speck DR

Subjects
Cooking, Dibutyl Phthalate analogs & derivatives, Dibutyl Phthalate analysis, Dibutyl Phthalate toxicity, Food Contamination prevention & control, Food Handling, Fruit toxicity, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Humans, Hydrocarbons analysis, Hydrocarbons toxicity, Models, Theoretical, Naphthalenes analysis, Naphthalenes toxicity, Risk Reduction Behavior, Vegetables toxicity, Food Contamination analysis, Food Packaging, Fruit chemistry, Paper, Polymers, Vegetables chemistry
Abstract

Four samples of paper and board (P/B) of a type used for packaging dry foods were subjected to migration tests using mushrooms, apples, potatoes and bananas, and using the polymeric powder Tenax as a food simulant. The P/B samples contained only low levels of diisopropylnaphthalene (DiPN) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) and so the experiments were conducted after impregnating the P/B with added model substances. These were o-xylene, acetophenone, dodecane, benzophenone, DiPN and DiBP. Migration levels depended strongly on the nature of the substance and on the nature of the food and much less on the characteristics of the P/B, except insofar as they affected the contact area - flexible papers giving more extensive contact with the food than thick rigid board. Migration into Tenax was at least a factor of 10 higher than migration into the fresh fruit and vegetables. The food samples were placed in contact with the P/B and then overwrapped loosely with aluminium foil and so this correction factor will tend to be conservative compared with a more open storage of the packed foods. Washing, peeling or cooking the fruits and vegetables after contact with the P/B had a surprisingly small effect on contaminant levels in general, and no one processing step was effective in giving a significant reduction of all the types of chemicals studied. This was because either they had penetrated into the food (so resisting peeling), or were not freely water-soluble (so resisting washing) or were not particularly volatile (so resisting loss by evaporation during cooking).

Published
2014
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35. Test procedures for obtaining representative extracts suitable for reliable in vitro toxicity assessment of paper and board intended for food contact.

Author

Bradley EL, Stammati A, Salkinoja-Salonen M, Andersson M, Bertaud F, Hoornstra D, Zucco F, Weber A, Turco L, Traussnig H, Hakulinen P, Speck DR, Von Wright AJ, Honkalampi-Hamalainen U, Maki-Paakkanen J, Severin I, Lhuguenot JC, and Dahlman O

Subjects
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, In Vitro Techniques, Food Packaging, Paper, Toxicity Tests, Wood
Abstract

This paper describes the use of a suite of extraction procedures applicable to the assessment of the in vitro toxicity of paper/board samples intended for food-contact applications. The sample is extracted with ethanol, water, or exposed to modified polyphenylene oxide (Tenax) for fatty, non-fatty and dry food applications, respectively. The water extracts are directly suitable for safety assessment using in vitro bioassays. The ethanol extracts of the paper/board and of the exposed Tenax require pre-concentration to give acceptable sensitivity. This is because the in vitro bioassays can tolerate only a small percentage of added organic solvent before the solvent itself inhibits. The extraction procedures have been selected such that they mimic the foreseeable conditions of use with foods and that they are also fully compatible with the battery of in vitro biological assays for the safety assessment of the total migrate. The application of the extraction protocols is illustrated by the results for one of the many paper/board samples provided by the BIOSAFEPAPER project industrial platform members. The assessment indicated that this sample should not be considered as suitable for use with fatty foodstuffs but was suitable for dry and non-fatty foods. Information subsequently received from the manufacturer revealed that this was a non-food-grade product included in the project to test the capabilities of the bioassay procedures. The selection criteria for the test conditions and the suite of methods developed have been prepared in Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN) format and is currently being progressed by CEN/TC172 as a European Standard.

Published
2010
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36. The BIOSAFEPAPER project for in vitro toxicity assessments: preparation, detailed chemical characterisation and testing of extracts from paper and board samples.

Author

Bradley EL, Honkalampi-Hämäläinen U, Weber A, Andersson MA, Bertaud F, Castle L, Dahlman O, Hakulinen P, Hoornstra D, Lhuguenot JC, Mäki-Paakkanen J, Salkinoja-Salonen M, Speck DR, Severin I, Stammati A, Turco L, Zucco F, and von Wright A

Subjects
Animals, Biological Assay, Ethanol chemistry, Fatty Acids analysis, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry methods, Humans, Mutagenicity Tests, Polymers chemistry, Risk Assessment, Safety, Sterols analysis, Toxicity Tests, Water, Environmental Exposure adverse effects, Food Contamination analysis, Food Packaging, Paper
Abstract

Nineteen food contact papers and boards and one non-food contact board were extracted following test protocols developed within European Union funded project BIOSAFEPAPER. The extraction media were either hot or cold water, 95% ethanol or Tenax, according to the end use of the sample. The extractable dry matter content of the samples varied from 1200 to 11,800 mg/kg (0.8-35.5 mg/dm2). According to GC-MS the main substances extracted into water were pulp-derived natural products such as fatty acids, resin acids, natural wood sterols and alkanols. Substances extracted into ethanol particularly, were diisopropylnaphthalenes, alkanes and phthalic acid esters. The non-food contact board showed the greatest number and highest concentrations of GC-MS detectable compounds. The extracts were subjected to a battery of in vitro toxicity tests measuring both acute and sublethal cytotoxicity and genotoxic effects. None of the water or Tenax extracts was positive in cytotoxicity or genotoxicity assays. The ethanol extract of the non-food contact board gave a positive response in the genotoxicity assays, and all four ethanol extracts gave positive response(s) in the cytotoxicity assays to some extent. These responses could not be pinpointed to any specific compound, although there appeared a correlation between the total amount of extractables and toxicity.

Published
2008
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37. Performance of a prototype for a large-aperture multipass Nd:glass laser for inertial confinement fusion.

Author

Van Wonterghem BM, Murray JR, Campbell JH, Speck DR, Barker CE, Smith IC, Browning DF, and Behrendt WC

Abstract

The Beamlet is a single-beam prototype of future multibeam megajoule-class Nd:glass laser drivers for inertial confinement fusion. It uses a multipass main amplifier, adaptive optics, and efficient, high-fluence frequency conversion to the third harmonic. The Beamlet amplifier contains Brewster-angle glass slabs with a clear aperture of 39 cm x 39 cm and a full-aperture plasma-electrode Pockels cell switch. It has been successfully tested over a range of pulse lengths from 1-10 ns up to energies at 1.053 mum of 5.8 kJ at 1 ns and 17.3 kJ at 10 ns. A 39-actuator deformable mirror corrects the beam quality to a Strehl ratio of as much as 0.4. The 1.053-mum output has been converted to the third harmonic at efficiencies as high as 80% and fluences as high as 8.7 J/cm(2) for 3-ns pulses.

Published
1997
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38. Harmonic conversion of large-aperture 1.05-microm laser beams for inertial-confinement fusion research.

Author

Wegner PJ, Henesian MA, Speck DR, Bibeau C, Ehrlich RB, Laumann CW, Lawson JK, and Weiland TL

Abstract

To provide high-energy, high-power beams at short wavelengths for inertial-confinement fusion experiments, we routinely convert the 1.05-microm output of the Nova, Nd:phosphate-glass, laser system to its second- or third-harmonic wavelength. We describe the design and performance of the 3 x 3 arrays of potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal plates used for type-II-type-II phase-matched harmonic conversion of the Nova 0.74-m diameter beams. We also describe an alternate type-I-type-II phasematching configuration that improves third-harmonic conversion efficiency. These arrays provide conversion of a Nova beam of up to 75% to the second harmonic and of up to 70% to the third harmonic.

Published
1992
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