13,897 results on '"Species complex"'
Search Results
2. Downfall of an empire: Unmasking the hidden diversity and distribution of the Amanita rubescens species complex.
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Quintero-Corrales, Christian A., Vega, Melania, Ramírez-Terrazo, Amaranta, Águila, Bernardo, and Garibay-Orijel, Roberto
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RNA polymerase II , *ELONGATION factors (Biochemistry) , *DNA data banks , *ENVIRONMENTAL databases , *GENETIC translation - Abstract
Amanita is one of the most salient mushroom genera due to its cultural, economic, and medical importance. Recently, many new Amanita species have been described worldwide, increasing the genus richness. However, several clades have cryptic diversity, and many species complexes have not yet been resolved. This is the case of the rubescent species in the Validae section, which have been widely cited under the name Amanita rubescens s.l. We used a four-locus matrix (nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer [ITS] and 28S regions and genes for RNA polymerase II subunit 2 [rpb2], translation elongation factor 1-α [tef1-α], and β-tubulin [tub2]) to solve the phylogenetic relationships within the Amanita section Validae. To analyze the diversity and distribution patterns of species, we used an extensive ITS sequence sampling including environmental DNA databases. The phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the Validae section is divided into three monophyletic and highly supported major clades: Mappae, Validae, and Rubescentes. At least 11 species-level clades within the Rubescentes clade were highly supported: A. cruentilemurum nom. prov. A. brunneolocularis, A. rubescens s.s. (European clade), A. rubescens s.s. (Asiatic clade), A. orsonii s.s. A. 'orsonii,' A. aureosubucula nom. prov., A. novinupta, A. flavorubens, and two undescribed North American species. We proved that A. rubescens s.s. has two segregated populations (European and Asiatic) and it is not naturally distributed in America. Furthermore, we found that America has more cryptic species within the Rubescentes clade than Eurasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Large‐scale integrative taxonomy of Swedish grass flies (Diptera, Chloropidae) reveals hitherto unknown complexity of a dark taxon.
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Riccardi, Paula Raile and Hartop, Emily
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BIOLOGICAL classification , *GENETIC variation , *SPECIES diversity , *DIPTERA , *PALEARCTIC - Abstract
The study of biodiversity is fundamental to preserving life on Earth but a challenging endeavour due to the taxonomic neglect associated with hyperdiverse lineages. To overcome this problem, we have implemented for the first time a Large‐scale integrative taxonomic (LIT) approach on the hyperdiverse insect family Chloropidae. This lineage of flies is a great fit for implementing emerging protocols such as LIT due to their ecological relevance, abundance and global distribution, poorly known genetic diversity and challenging taxonomy. In this study, we test cost‐effective barcoding workflows on nonoptimally preserved chloropid flies from Sweden and then apply targeted morphological validation to accelerate the species recognition process. Our dataset yielded DNA barcodes of 63 species that represent almost one‐third of the species diversity from Sweden and 15% of the European diversity. Applying LIT allowed us to uncover two new species and address for the first time three troublesome species complexes through a comprehensive framework. We also provide previously unknown DNA barcodes for 35% of the described species found and address distribution patterns with a focus on grassland environments. We have thus contributed significantly to overcoming the taxonomic neglect of this hyperdiverse lineage by tackling the diversity of chloropids using complementary sources of data, scalable techniques and quickly translating multiple sources of evidence into named species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. On the Trail of Morphological Traits: Morphometry Helps to Clarify Morphological Variation in Section Viperella (Sisyrinchium).
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Dani, Julia Gabriele, Inácio, Camila Dellanhese, and Souza-Chies, Tatiana T.
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BIOLOGICAL classification ,SPECIES distribution ,IRIDACEAE ,HERBARIA ,MORPHOMETRICS ,BOTANICAL specimens - Abstract
Sisyrinchium, a large genus of the Iridaceae family, is divided into ten sections and defined by genetic, morphological and phylogenetic traits. The section Viperella, though monophyletic, encounters taxonomic hurdles, particularly within the Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. and Sisyrinchium vaginatum Spreng complexes, resulting in numerous misidentifications. The taxonomic confusion in the group may stem from various factors, emphasizing extensive morphological variations, leading to overlapping characteristics. We used morphometric approaches to better characterize the species belonging to two complexes, assess their variation and identify diagnostic traits for taxonomy enhancement. We assessed 16 quantitative traits for the S. palmifolium complex and 15 for the S. vaginatum complex, totaling 652 specimens recorded across 15 herbaria covering the entire species' distribution area. In the S. vaginatum complex, 66.5% of the variations were accounted for in the first two axes, while in the S. palmifolium complex, the first two axes explained 55.3%. Our findings revealed that both complexes exhibited many morphological variations, leading to a characteristic overlap. These characteristics may have arisen due to recent diversifications of the group and niche overlaps. Additionally, we identified some morphological characteristics that are useful for distinguishing species. Finally, we compiled a section gathering all useful characteristics for species delimitation within the group, aiming to facilitate non-experts in deciphering this species complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. New investigation of the cyst–motile relationship for Votadinium spinosum reveals a Protoperidinium claudicans species complex (Dinophyceae, Peridiniales).
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Mertens, Kenneth Neil, Meyvisch, Pjotr, Gurdebeke, Pieter, Pospelova, Vera, Matsuoka, Kazumi, Bilien, Gwenael, Gu, Haifeng, and Yamaguchi, Aika
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MOLECULAR phylogeny , *DINOFLAGELLATE cysts , *DINOFLAGELLATES , *SPECIES , *PHENOTYPIC plasticity , *RIBOSOMAL DNA - Abstract
Protoperidinium claudicans is a planktonic, heterotrophic, bioluminescent dinoflagellate species commonly found in neritic waters. It has long been considered to display phenotypic variation in its second anterior intercalary plate, which could vary between quadra, penta and hexa. The equivalent spinose, cordate cyst goes under the name of Votadinium spinosum. Here we perform incubation experiments with cysts from France, Canada, China and Japan, which demonstrate that P. claudicans forms a species complex, with at least two ribotypes with a penta configuration (P. claudicans) and one with a quadra configuration (P. carriae sp. nov.). A fossil-based cyst, V. multispinosum sp. nov., is described as the equivalent of P. carriae. Molecular phylogenetics using large subunit ribosomal DNA supports these observations. The cyst–theca relationships for Votadinium psilodora and another, undescribed, cordate, spineless Votadinium species are also reported from China. Macromolecular analyses of the cyst wall of V. multispinosum reveal it is comprised of a protein-rich carbohydrate compound. We show that this compound is not uncommon in dinoflagellate and ciliate cysts and that it is unlikely to preserve very well upon sedimentation and burial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Alpha-taxonomy underestimates the diversity in Jacquemontia (Convolvulaceae): a new hypothesis for Jacquemontia evolvuloides complex based on morphological, anatomical, and morphometric analyses.
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Belo, Deibson Pereira, Louzada, Rafael Batista, and Buril, Maria Teresa
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CONVOLVULACEAE , *SUBSPECIES , *MULTIVARIATE analysis - Abstract
Interpreting plant morphological variability makes species delimitation a challenge. Jacquemontia evolvuloides and its relatives have been the target of different taxonomic classifications, either as multiple species and subspecies/varieties or as a single polymorphic species. Here we applied univariate and multivariate morphometric analyses, using both macro- and micromorphological characters of 22 populations comprising this species complex. Our analysis revealed six morphotypes with clear discontinuities in both macro- and micromorphological characters. One morphotype corresponds to J. evolvuloides, two correspond to previously named species, putted under a synonym, here re-established (J. agrestis and J. decumbens) and three morphotypes correspond to new species, described here. We present a complete taxonomic treatment of J. evolvuloides and related species, with descriptions, distribution maps, photographs, and illustrations, that indicate new synonyms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Panmixia and local endemism: a revision of the Eubranchus rupium species complex with a description of new species.
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Grishina, Darya Y., Schepetov, Dimitry M., Antokhina, Tatiana I., Malaquias, Manuel António E., Valdés, Ángel, and Ekimova, Irina A.
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VICARIANCE , *TIME perception , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *NUDIBRANCHIA , *PHYLOGENY - Abstract
Species of the genus Eubranchus Forbes, 1838 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) are common faunistic elements of boreal benthic ecosystems, associated with hydroid communities. Recent studies have suggested that the widely distributed trans-Arctic E. rupium (Møller, 1842) constitutes a complex of at least three candidate species, but the detailed taxonomy of the complex remains unresolved. The purpose of the present paper is to conduct an integrative taxonomic study including molecular genetic methods (a phylogenetic analysis using COI , 16S rRNA and histone H3 with application of species delimitation methods) and morphological study (light and scanning electron microscopy) of E. rupium and closely related species. The specific aims of this study were to establish the species boundaries, morphological variability, and the phylogeographic structure within this group. The phylogeographic analysis included a TCS -based network analysis, an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), divergence time estimations, and ancestral area reconstructions. We demonstrate that specimens initially identified as E. rupium included three distinctive species: the nominal E. rupium with an amphiboreal range, the new species Eubranchus novik sp. nov. from the Sea of Japan, for which a taxonomic description is provided in this paper, and Eubranchus sp. from the northern Kuril Islands, which requires the collection and study of additional material for formal description. Our results confirm the amphiboreal distribution of E. rupium , as no geographic structure was found across Pacific, Arctic and Atlantic populations, and the results of the AMOVA analysis showed no differences between groups of samples from different geographic regions. The divergence of the ' Eubrancus rupium species complex' is estimated from the late Miocene or the Miocene–Pliocene boundary to the late Pliocene. It is hypothesised that the most probable ancestral region for the Eubranchus rupium species complex is the north-western Pacific, and the subsequent speciation likely occurred due to dispersal followed by allopatric speciation. ZooBank: Species of the genus Eubranchus Forbes, 1838 are common in boreal benthic ecosystems. Recent studies suggest the trans-Arctic Eubranchus rupium (Møller, 1842) is a species complex. This paper conducts an integrative taxonomic study of Eubranchus rupium and related species, confirming its amphiboreal distribution. The divergence of the species complex is estimated from the late Miocene or the Miocene–Pliocene boundary to the late Pliocene with the north-western Pacific as the probable ancestral region, followed by dispersal and allopatric speciation. (Image credit: Darya Grishina.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Automated ISSR Fingerprinting Is a Cost-Effective Way to Assess Genetic Diversity and Taxonomic Differentiation—A Case Study on the Encephalartos eugene-maraisii Species Complex.
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Murphy, Deanne, Barker, Nigel Paul, and Frisby, Arnold
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MICROSATELLITE repeats , *NUCLEOTIDE sequencing , *GENETIC variation , *CONSERVATION genetics , *PLANT conservation - Abstract
Recent technological advancements in conservation genetics and genomics have resulted in diverse tools for aiding the conservation of species. The precision and resolution of high throughput sequencing technologies provide valuable insights to aid conservation decisions, but these technologies are often financially unfeasible or unavailable in resource constrained countries. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers, when combined with sensitive automated detection systems, provide a simple, cheap means to investigate genetic diversity and discriminate closely related species. Here, we apply this technology to assess genetic diversity and taxonomic delimitation in the Encephalartos eugene-maraisii species complex, a highly threatened, taxonomically dubious group of cycads in South Africa. Our analyses support the taxonomic singularity of E. dyerianus, E. dolomiticus and E. eugene-maraisii. Relationships between E. nubimontanus and E. cupidus remain uncertain. E. middelburgensis samples showed no clustering but had poor amplification success. This study demonstrates the suitability of automated ISSR fingerprinting as a method for plant conservation studies, especially in resource-constrained countries, and we make recommendations as to how this methodology can be effectively implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Diversity of squat lobsters on coral reefs in Guam, Mariana Islands, with the description of two new species and notes on their natural history.
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Rodríguez-Flores, Paula C., Torrado, Héctor, Combosch, David, and Giribet, Gonzalo
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Squat lobsters (family Galatheidae Samouelle, 1819) inhabiting shallow reefs are small crustaceans that can exhibit bright colors and include many cryptic species. Despite being a group with active taxonomists, basic details on their natural history, population structure, ecological associations, and even live coloration patterns remain largely unknown for many species. After a 2-week expedition aimed to conduct general collections of crustaceans from Guam, we recorded several new galatheids, including two new species. We sequenced the universal barcode region of the mitochondrial gene COI using Oxford Nanopore Technology to study the molecular diversity of squat lobsters in Guam and to detect potential species complexes across the Central Pacific. As a result, we describe the two new species, Coralliogalathea viridis Rodríguez-Flores & Giribet sp. nov. and Galathea calcifer Rodríguez-Flores & Giribet sp. nov., and provide new records and new data on the phylogenetic relationships, natural history, coloration patterns, geographic distribution, and biological associations of a total of ten species of galatheid squat lobsters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Life history of the snapping shrimp Synalpheus ubatuba: Morphological description of the first larval stage reared in laboratory.
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Santos, Rafael Carvalho, Teles, Jeniffer Natalia, Mantelatto, Fernando Luis, and Costa, Rogerio Caetano
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LIFE history theory , *SHRIMPS , *SETAE , *MORPHOLOGY , *SPINE - Abstract
Synalpheus ubatuba zoea I was described by assessing laboratory‐hatched larvae. It was compared to other Synalpheus descriptions available in the literature. Partial sequences of parental female's 16S rRNA were analysed and it provided additional evidence for species identification. The first S. ubatuba zoea can be identified by a set of morphological characteristics, namely: antennal scale 4‐articled; basial endite of the maxillule with 3 stout spines + 1 spine; coxal endite of the maxilla with 3 plumose setae and 1 simple seta; basis of the first maxilliped with 4 spines and 2 simple setae; endopod of the third maxilliped with 5‐articled with 0, 0, 0, 2 (1 serrate + 1 simple) setae, 4 simple setae. There was significant larval morphology difference between these characteristics in comparison to other species in the Brevicarpus group (S. brevicarpus and S. minus) which S. ubatuba belongs to. Despite systematic and ecological information provided in the original S. ubatuba description, the present study is the first to focus on the particular features of this species' larval morphology. Evidence of the herein provided larval morphology traits in addition to potential comparison to congeners presenting well‐known larval descriptions, supported the identification of newly discovered species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Phylogenetic incongruence in an Asiatic species complex of the genus Caryodaphnopsis (Lauraceae)
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Shiting Yang, Jiepeng Huang, Yaya Qu, Di Zhang, Yunhong Tan, Shujun Wen, and Yu Song
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Phylogenetic incongruence ,Species complex ,Tropical tree ,Mitochondrial genome ,Plastome ,nrDNA ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract Background Caryodaphnopsis, a group of tropical trees (ca. 20 spp.) in the family Lauraceae, has an amphi-Pacific disjunct distribution: ten species are distributed in Southeast Asia, while eight species are restricted to tropical rainforests in South America. Previously, phylogenetic analyses using two nuclear markers resolved the relationships among the five species from Latin America. However, the phylogenetic relationships between the species in Asia remain poorly known. Results Here, we first determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome), plastome, and the nuclear ribosomal cistron (nrDNA) sequences of C. henryi with lengths of 1,168,029 bp, 154,938 bp, and 6495 bp, respectively. We found 2233 repeats and 368 potential SSRs in the mitogenome of C. henryi and 50 homologous DNA fragments between its mitogenome and plastome. Gene synteny analysis revealed a mass of rearrangements in the mitogenomes of Magnolia biondii, Hernandia nymphaeifolia, and C. henryi and only six conserved clustered genes among them. In order to reconstruct relationships for the ten Caryodaphnopsis species in Asia, we created three datasets: one for the mitogenome (coding genes and ten intergenic regions), another for the plastome (whole genome), and the other for the nuclear ribosomal cistron. All of the 22 Caryodaphnopsis individuals were divided into four, five, and six different clades in the phylogenies based on mitogenome, plastome, and nrDNA datasets, respectively. Conclusions The study showed phylogenetic conflicts within and between nuclear and organellar genome data of Caryodaphnopsis species. The sympatric Caryodaphnopsis species in Hekou and Malipo SW China may be related to the incomplete lineage sorting, chloroplast capture, and/or hybridization, which mixed the species as a complex in their evolutionary history.
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- 2024
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12. Phylogenetic incongruence in an Asiatic species complex of the genus Caryodaphnopsis (Lauraceae).
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Yang, Shiting, Huang, Jiepeng, Qu, Yaya, Zhang, Di, Tan, Yunhong, Wen, Shujun, and Song, Yu
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MITOCHONDRIAL DNA , *LAURACEAE , *RAIN forests , *SPECIES , *CHLOROPLAST DNA , *SPECIES distribution - Abstract
Background: Caryodaphnopsis, a group of tropical trees (ca. 20 spp.) in the family Lauraceae, has an amphi-Pacific disjunct distribution: ten species are distributed in Southeast Asia, while eight species are restricted to tropical rainforests in South America. Previously, phylogenetic analyses using two nuclear markers resolved the relationships among the five species from Latin America. However, the phylogenetic relationships between the species in Asia remain poorly known. Results: Here, we first determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome), plastome, and the nuclear ribosomal cistron (nrDNA) sequences of C. henryi with lengths of 1,168,029 bp, 154,938 bp, and 6495 bp, respectively. We found 2233 repeats and 368 potential SSRs in the mitogenome of C. henryi and 50 homologous DNA fragments between its mitogenome and plastome. Gene synteny analysis revealed a mass of rearrangements in the mitogenomes of Magnolia biondii, Hernandia nymphaeifolia, and C. henryi and only six conserved clustered genes among them. In order to reconstruct relationships for the ten Caryodaphnopsis species in Asia, we created three datasets: one for the mitogenome (coding genes and ten intergenic regions), another for the plastome (whole genome), and the other for the nuclear ribosomal cistron. All of the 22 Caryodaphnopsis individuals were divided into four, five, and six different clades in the phylogenies based on mitogenome, plastome, and nrDNA datasets, respectively. Conclusions: The study showed phylogenetic conflicts within and between nuclear and organellar genome data of Caryodaphnopsis species. The sympatric Caryodaphnopsis species in Hekou and Malipo SW China may be related to the incomplete lineage sorting, chloroplast capture, and/or hybridization, which mixed the species as a complex in their evolutionary history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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13. Quaternary history and radiation of Salvelinus fish in the ancient Arctic Lake El'gygytgyn.
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Esin, Evgeny V., Shkil, Fedor N., Zlenko, Dmitriy V., Medvedev, Dmitriy A., Korostelev, Nikolay B., and Markevich, Grigorii N.
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CHAR fish , *FRESHWATER fishes , *ADAPTIVE radiation , *LAKES , *MITOCHONDRIAL DNA , *TUNDRAS - Abstract
El'gygytgyn is the only ancient lake in the Arctic that avoided continental-scale glaciations. This lake is located on an arid mountain plateau, far from the main routes of post-glacial freshwater fish dispersal, and it is therefore challenging to consider the local fauna in a historical context. Here we present a study of the ecology and evolutionary history of the local charr complex (genus Salvelinus). We found that the endemic charrs exhibit extreme longevity, contrasting lifestyles and phenotypes. Salvelinus svetovidovi is a relic benthivorous species. The remaining charrs are descendants of Salvelinus taranetzi. Mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA polymorphisms analyzed in them and in charrs from surrounding basins indicate that S. taranetzi invaded the lake from Arctic Chukotka in the late Pleistocene as two distinct, previously diverged lineages. Descendants of both lineages occupied the pelagic food chain. The first lineage has flourished as a monomorphic planktivorous population since colonization. The second represents an example of a recent in-lake adaptive divergence, in which a deepwater piscivore specialist formed a new epilimnetic ecomorph of an impressive size (up to 9.0 kg). We suggest that this diversification was triggered by modern warming in the Arctic, which led to the formation of a productive littoral ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Integrative taxonomy sheds light on species boundaries and relationships in the inbred haplodiploid ambrosia beetle genus <italic>Xyleborus</italic>.
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LeMay, Gabriel A., Johnson, Andrew J., and Hulcr, Jiri
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This study investigated the relationship between genetic and morphological evidence in a species complex of haplodiploid, near-inbred ambrosia beetles, which are also vectors of an invasive tree pathogen:
Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xyleborus bispinatus , andXyleborus impressus . The unorthodox genetic system may blur species boundaries and challenges the applicability of standard species concepts. Haplo-diploid scolytine systematics is rife with contentious species delimitation, but species limits have rarely been tested empirically. To test the congruence of morphology, genetics, and geography in species identity, we analyzed 16 morphological characters and two DNA barcodes (COI mtDNA and CAD DNA sequences) in samples from across Florida. Morphological characters used to distinguish species corresponded with phylogenetic relationships in the majority of individuals. The maximum intraspecific divergence for the COI barcoding region was up to 19%, among the largest reported for animals. The phylogenetic and morphological analyses suggest that the three species are valid, but the astonishing intraspecific genetic diversity suggests either additional cryptic species or pseudogenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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15. Revealing Brownish Mycena Diversity in China: New Discoveries and Taxonomic Insights.
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Wei, Renxiu, Ge, Yupeng, Qi, Liangliang, Han, Menghui, Zeng, Hui, Hu, Yaping, Zou, Li, Cheng, Xianhao, Wu, Xiaoming, and Na, Qin
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RIBOSOMAL DNA , *BIOLOGICAL classification , *CLADISTIC analysis , *MAXIMUM likelihood statistics , *INSECT anatomy , *CHLOROPLAST DNA , *RIBOSOMAL RNA , *BAYESIAN field theory - Abstract
Within the genus Mycena, species exhibiting brownish basidiomata present considerable challenges in identification due to similar coloration. This study underscores the significance of pileipellis types and cheilocystidia characteristics as critical in delimiting brownish Mycena species. To clarify the principal taxonomic characters and their utility in distinguishing between brownish Mycena species, a morphological taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Five new species from China were introduced and characterized through a comprehensive morphological anatomy and phylogenetic substantiation: M. campanulatihemisphaerica sp. nov., M. digitifurcata sp. nov., M. kunyuensis sp. nov., M. limitis sp. nov., and M. oryzifluens sp. nov. Discussions of these taxa are supplemented with morphological illustrations. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methods based on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer and the large subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA. With the addition of these five new species, the worldwide count of brownish Mycena increases to 94, and a key to the 29 known species of brownish Mycena from China is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. DNA barcoding of recently diverging legume genera: Assessing the temperate Asian Caragana (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae).
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Rather, Shabir A., Saina, Josphat K., Adit, Arjun, Liu, Hong‐Mei, Chang, Zhao‐Yang, and Schneider, Harald
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GENETIC barcoding , *NUCLEAR energy , *GENETIC distance - Abstract
Obtaining reliable species identification of the legume genus Caragana has been challenging. Until now, species identification was mostly carried out utilizing diagnostic morphological characteristics, in addition to some successful applications of secondary chemical compounds. This study was designed to establish a DNA barcoding protocol enabling unambiguous identification of 238 accessions belonging to 67 species of Caragana. The performance of four DNA barcoding regions nrITS, trnH‐psbA, matK, and rbcL was explored using three analytical approaches, Pairwise Genetic Distance, Sequence Similarity and Phylogenetic Tree method. The chloroplast regions rbcL and matK showed lower discriminatory power compared with the nuclear region internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the chloroplast region trnH‐psbA. The nrITS outperformed the other regions in the resolution rate. The present study brings forth an efficient barcode locus for Caragana. A barcode based either on a single‐locus nrITS or the combination of nrITS and trnH‐psbA was found to be most suitable for species discrimination with distinctive barcoding gaps. An attempt has also been made to resolve taxonomic issues in the Caragana opulens complex. DNA barcoding tools when complemented with alpha taxonomic evidence can aid in solving complex systematic problems, especially when taxa are characterized by overlapping traits, such as species belonging to the Fabaceae family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. Underestimated species diversity within the Rhacophorus rhodopus and Rhacophorus bipunctatus complexes (Anura, Rhacophoridae), with a description of a new species from Hainan, China.
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Tang, Shangjing, Xiao, Fanrong, Liu, Shuo, Wang, Lijun, Yu, Guohua, and Du, Lina
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ANURA , *RHACOPHORIDAE , *BIOLOGICAL classification , *GENETIC distance , *SPECIES , *SPECIES diversity - Abstract
Taxonomy and species boundaries within the Rhacophorus rhodopus and Rhacophorus bipunctatus complexes are very confusing. In this study, we attempt to delimit the species boundaries and test the currently accepted taxonomic assignments within these two complexes based on newly collected samples and previously published data across their distributions. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the R. rhodopus and R. bipunctatus complexes consisted of six distinct clades (labeled A‒F) that diverged from each other by genetic distances (p-distance) ranging from 5.3% to 9.2% in 16S rRNA sequences, and accordingly analyses of species delimitation placed them into six species, of which three correspond to known species (R. rhodopus, R. bipunctatus, and R. napoensis) and three represent different cryptic species. Rhacophorus rhodopus (Clade C) is distributed in southern Yunnan, China, northern Laos, and northern and central Thailand; R. bipunctatus (Clade F) is distributed in northeastern India and western and northern Myanmar; and R. napoensis (Clade B) is distributed in Guangxi, China and northern Vietnam. Based on both molecular and morphological evidence, we described the clade consisting of samples from Hainan, China and central Vietnam (Clade A) as a new species, Rhacophorus qiongica sp. nov. There are two cryptic species requiring additional morphological studies: one only contains samples from Motuo, Xizang, China (Clade E), and the other is distributed in western Yunnan, China, central Myanmar, central Thailand, and Malaysia (Clade D). Additionally, our results supported the idea that some old GenBank sequences of R. reinwardtii need to be updated with the correct species name. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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18. Keragaman Spesies Colletotrichum yang Berasosiasi dengan Buah Jeruk Impor dan Potensinya Menginfeksi Tanaman Cabai, Karet, dan Kakao di Indonesia.
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Hidayat, Joni, Hidayat, Sri Hendrastuti, Wiyono, Suryo, and Widodo
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CITRUS fruits ,CACAO ,TROPICAL crops ,HORTICULTURAL crops ,SEQUENCE analysis ,COLLETOTRICHUM gloeosporioides - Abstract
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- 2024
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19. Diversity of Orbiniella (Orbiniidae, Annelida) in the North Atlantic and the Arctic.
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Meca, Miguel A., Kongsrud, Jon Anders, Kongshavn, Katrine, Alvestad, Tom, Meißner, Karin, and Budaeva, Nataliya
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ANNELIDA , *NUMBERS of species , *BIOLOGICAL classification , *DEEP-sea fishes , *ANNULATION - Abstract
In this work, the diversity of the genus Orbiniella in the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic waters south of Iceland is studied based on the analyses of molecular markers (mitochondrial COI, 16S rDNA and nuclear ITS2) and morphological characters. Our results showed the presence of at least five genetic lineages in the studied material which could also be morphologically identified by their segmental annulation patterns, the number and the shape of acicular spines, and the length and the shape of pygidial lobes. The species name Orbiniella petersenae is assigned to one of the lineages restricting its geographical and vertical distribution to the deep-sea areas north of Iceland and Jan Mayen, and three lineages are described as new species (i.e., Orbiniella griegi Meca & Budaeva, sp. nov., Orbiniella mayhemi Meca & Budaeva, sp. nov., and Orbiniella parapari Meca & Budaeva, sp. nov.) elevating the number of known species in the genus to 25. Three deep-sea species of Orbiniella in our study are reported only north of the Greenland-Iceland-Scotland Ridge, one deep-sea species found south of the ridge. A single shallow-water species is distributed along the ridge and on the Norwegian shelf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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20. Solving taxonomic species complexes of Stevia (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae) in southern central Andes: a morphometric and statistical approach.
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Rodríguez-Cravero, Juan F., Grossi, Mariana A., Salgado, Vanina G., and Gutiérrez, Diego G.
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- *
STEVIA , *BIOLOGICAL classification , *MULTIDIMENSIONAL scaling , *SPECIES , *CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) , *ASTERACEAE - Abstract
The South American central Andes have a great richness of Asteraceae, where the genus Stevia (Eupatorieae, Piqueriinae) is also especially diverse. The taxonomy of Stevia species in the southern part of the central Andes pose a challenge because of the unclear delimitation among the species and overlap of morphological characters. Two species complexes were identified for the region comprising north Argentina and southern Bolivia. In this study, our objectives were to employ morphometric analyses to assess the delimitation of taxa within the Stevia alpina Griseb. and Stevia chamaedrys Griseb. complexes. We aimed to identify informative morphological characters and gain insight into the identity of species in each group. To accomplish this, we utilised cluster analysis, principal-component analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling and univariate analyses to evaluate 37 morphological traits. In total, 200 specimens were examined, covering the entire geographic distribution of each species complex. We found support for the recognition of nine species: Stevia alpina, S. breviaristata Hook. & Arn., S. chamaedrys, S. mandonii Sch. Bip., S. mercedensis Hieron., S. minor Griseb., S. potrerensis Hieron., S. procumbens Hieron. and S. vaga Griseb. A new combination and status is proposed for S. tarijensis Hieron., incorporating it as a variety of S. mandonii, and S. centinelae Cabrera and S. crassicephala Cabrera are merged as synonyms under the name S. alpina. Two neotypes are designated for the names S. mercedensis and S. potrerensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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21. Altai Mountains – cradle of hybrids and introgressants: A case study in Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium (Plantaginaceae).
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Khan, Gulzar, Mayland‐Quellhorst, Eike, Kosachev, Petr A., Mandáková, Terezie, Lysak, Martin A., and Albach, Dirk C.
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INTROGRESSION (Genetics) ,GENETIC variation ,GENE flow ,NUMBERS of species ,PLANTAGINACEAE ,PLANT adaptation - Abstract
Mountains form a diverse mosaic of microhabitats over small distances created by changes in climate, soil, and water availability. A key to adaptation of plants to such microhabitats is genetic variation; however, natural accumulation of genetic variation through mutation is slow and often not sufficient alone. Adaptive introgression via hybridization is an alternative to generate genetic variation. Here, we investigate hybridization and discuss its adaptive role in Veronica subg. Pseudolysimachium at their Altai Mountains distribution. To support our hypotheses of frequent hybridization, we genotyped thousands of SNPs for 233 individuals from 10 species and 7 putative hybrids previously described based on morphology. We employed Bayesian and likelihood statistical models and supported our results by morphometric analysis and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). The results suggest that almost all the individuals of the putative hybrids are of F1 type. The GISH investigation in one case strongly supports homoploid hybridization (origin of V. ×schmakovii from V. longifolia and V. porphyriana. Divergence times of Altai Veronica species are estimated to be within 1–2 million years ago with high probability of gene flow over that time. Our results also demonstrate that the direction of gene flow is mainly from the locally endemic V. porphyriana. We hypothesize that the large Siberian plains and topographically diverse foreland of the Altai Mountains provide an ideal setting for hybridization with the potential for adaptive introgression of alleles conferring tolerance to cooler climates, to the lowland species migrating into the Altai Mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. A systematic review: is Anopheles vagus a species complex?
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Dalilah Dalilah, Din Syafruddin, Irsan Saleh, Ahmad Ghiffari, Leo Vernadesly, Lepa Syahrani, Irdayanti Irdayanti, and Chairil Anwar
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Anopheles vagus ,Anopheles vagus limosus ,Anopheles limosus ,Species complex ,Sibling species ,Phylogeny ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Anopheles vagus (subgenus Cellia) has been identified as a vector for malaria, filariasis, and Japanese encephalitis in Asia. Sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax have been found in this zoophilic mosquito in Asia and Indonesia. This study systematically reviews publications regarding An. vagus species, variation, bio-ecology, and malaria transmission in various localities in Asia, especially Indonesia, to determine whether the current data support An. vagus as a species complex. Methods The databases Pubmed, Scopus, Europe PMC, and Proquest were searched to identify information regarding the morphology, karyotypes, polytene chromosome, cross-mating, ecology, and molecular identification of An. vagus was then evaluated to determine whether there were possible species complexes. Results Of the 1326 articles identified, 15 studies were considered for synthesis. The Anopheles spp. samples for this study came from Asia. Eleven studies used morphology to identify An. vagus, with singular studies using each of karyotype identification, chromosomal polytene identification, and cross-breeding experiments. Ten studies used molecular techniques to identify Anopheles spp., including An. vagus. Most studies discovered morphological variations of An. vagus either in the same or different areas and ecological settings. In this review, the members of An. vagus sensu lato grouped based on morphology (An. vagus, An. vagus vagus, An. vagus limosus, and An. limosus), karyotyping (form A and B), and molecular (An. vagus genotype A and B, An. vagus AN4 and AN5). Genetic analysis revealed a high conservation of the ITS2 fragment among members except for the An. vagus genotype B, which was, in fact, Anopheles sundaicus. This review also identified that An. vagus limosus and An. vagus vagus were nearly identical to the ITS2 sequence. Conclusion Literature review studies revealed that An. vagus is conspecific despite the distinct morphological characteristic of An. vagus and An. limosus. Further information using another barcoding tool, such as mitochondrial COI and ND6 and experimental cross-mating between the An. vagus and An. limosus may provide additional evidence for the status of An. vagus as a species complex.
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- 2024
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23. The more we search, the more we find: discovering and expanding the biodiversity in the ring nematode genus Xenocriconemella De Grisse and Loof, 1965 (Nematoda: Criconematidae)
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A. Archidona-Yuste, I. Clavero-Camacho, A. N. Ruiz-Cuenca, C. Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, G. Liebanas, P. Castillo, and J. E. Palomares-Rius
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Species complex ,Integrative taxonomy ,Morphometry ,Ribosomal and mitochondrial markers ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Abstract The ring nematode genus Xenocriconemella De Grisse and Loof, 1965 comprises only one nominal species, Xenocriconemella macrodora (Taylor, 1936) De Grisse and Loof, 1965. The initial objective of the present study was to investigate the morphological–morphometric and molecular diversity of 28 X. macrodora populations in the Iberian Peninsula associated with tree forests (mainly Quercus spp.). However, a detailed integrative taxonomic analysis (morphological–morphometric and molecular data) from each population and analysis of this data using principal component analysis (PCA) for morphometric data (including these 28 populations and other 25 X. macrodora populations around the world) and molecular and phylogenetic species delimitation methods revealed that X. macrodora forms a species complex. This species complex is composed by species that are morphometricly and morphologically similar, but clearly different at the molecular level. Three new species are described applying integrative taxonomy, namely as Xenocriconemella iberica sp. nov., Xenocriconemella paraiberica sp. nov. and Xenocriconemella pradense sp. nov. However, the molecular diversity of this species in USA and Italy confirmed that additional species are likely present in this species complex, and the diversity of this group may be higher than expected. The study of X. macrodora topotypes can clarify the position of this species using molecular markers under an integrative approach.
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- 2024
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24. The more we search, the more we find: discovering and expanding the biodiversity in the ring nematode genus Xenocriconemella De Grisse and Loof, 1965 (Nematoda: Criconematidae).
- Author
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Archidona-Yuste, A., Clavero-Camacho, I., Ruiz-Cuenca, A. N., Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, C., Liebanas, G., Castillo, P., and Palomares-Rius, J. E.
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- *
BIOLOGICAL classification , *PRINCIPAL components analysis , *NEMATODES , *SPECIES diversity , *BIODIVERSITY - Abstract
The ring nematode genus Xenocriconemella De Grisse and Loof, 1965 comprises only one nominal species, Xenocriconemella macrodora (Taylor, 1936) De Grisse and Loof, 1965. The initial objective of the present study was to investigate the morphological–morphometric and molecular diversity of 28 X. macrodora populations in the Iberian Peninsula associated with tree forests (mainly Quercus spp.). However, a detailed integrative taxonomic analysis (morphological–morphometric and molecular data) from each population and analysis of this data using principal component analysis (PCA) for morphometric data (including these 28 populations and other 25 X. macrodora populations around the world) and molecular and phylogenetic species delimitation methods revealed that X. macrodora forms a species complex. This species complex is composed by species that are morphometricly and morphologically similar, but clearly different at the molecular level. Three new species are described applying integrative taxonomy, namely as Xenocriconemella iberica sp. nov., Xenocriconemella paraiberica sp. nov. and Xenocriconemella pradense sp. nov. However, the molecular diversity of this species in USA and Italy confirmed that additional species are likely present in this species complex, and the diversity of this group may be higher than expected. The study of X. macrodora topotypes can clarify the position of this species using molecular markers under an integrative approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. Multilocus phylogeography of Italian Moorish geckos adds insights into the evolutionary history of European populations.
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Belluardo, Francesco, Pellitteri‐Rosa, Daniele, Cocca, Walter, Liuzzi, Cristiano, Rato, Catarina, Crottini, Angelica, and Bellati, Adriana
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- *
GENETIC variation , *EUROPEAN history , *MICROSATELLITE repeats , *PLEISTOCENE Epoch , *GECKOS , *NUCLEAR DNA , *MITOCHONDRIAL DNA - Abstract
Geckos of clade III of the Tarentola mauritanica species complex are widespread throughout southern Europe and northern Africa. We investigated the genetic variability of the Italian populations by performing a widespread sampling throughout the mainland and the two main islands of Sicily and Sardinia. We analysed 199 newly generated sequences of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and 269 nuclear genotypes inferred from nine microsatellite loci from 307 individuals. We found 13 new mitochondrial haplotypes in Italy, whereas previous findings reported a single haplotype widespread throughout the country and in the rest of Europe, which currently make Italy the centre of genetic diversity of this taxon. There was no evidence of mitochondrial DNA structuring with geographic correlation. At the population genetic level, our multilocus approach based on nuclear markers returned a shallow genetic structure. Nonetheless, we disclosed the presence of at least four distinct genetic clusters (namely the Adriatic, two Tyrrhenian and the Calabrian clusters). Our findings do not support the two hypotheses proposed to explain the low level of mitochondrial polymorphism in this taxon, namely the genetic hitch‐hiking due to selective sweep and the historical human‐mediated colonization hypotheses. Based on the fossil record, the presence in Italy of this taxon since the Pleistocene Epoch is plausible. Given the discordance in genetic structure between mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, the exact role of the Italian Peninsula in shaping the observed patterns of genetic diversity during the Pleistocenic climatic oscillations needs further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. 我国食药用菌灰树花物种名称修订.
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谢雪娇, 吴芳, 李守勉, Josef, Vlasák, 张旭, 田景花, 李明, and 李国杰
- Abstract
Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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27. Two new species of the Cnemaspis galaxia complex (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from the eastern slopes of the southern Western Ghats.
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Khandekar, Akshay, Thackeray, Tejas, and Agarwal, Ishan
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- *
SQUAMATA , *GECKOS , *DECIDUOUS forests , *SPECIES , *BIOLOGICAL classification , *BODY size - Abstract
Two new species allied to Cnemaspis galaxia are described from the eastern slopes of the south Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India. Both new species are members of the ornata subclade within the beddomei clade. The two new species can be easily distinguished from all other members of the beddomei clade and each other by a combination of nonoverlapping morphological characters such as small body size, distinct colouration of both sexes, the number of dorsal tubercles around the body, the number or arrangement of paravertebral tubercles, the number of midventral scales across the belly and longitudinal ventral scales from mental to cloaca, besides uncorrected pairwise ND2 and 16S sequence divergence of ≥ 7.4% and ≥ 2.7%. The two new species are distributed from low elevation, deciduous forests of Srivilliputhur, and add to the five previously known endemic vertebrates from Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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28. Host plants and nymph morphology of an endemic treehopper, Pyrgonota bifoliata, in the Mount Makiling Forest Reserve, Luzon, Philippines.
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Lin, Chun-Yu, Maruyama, Munetoshi, Yap, Sheryl A., and Lin, Chung-Ping
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- *
HOST plants , *PLANT morphology , *FOREST reserves , *GENETIC barcoding , *MORACEAE , *PLANT species , *ANT behavior - Abstract
Pyrgonota bifoliata (Insecta: Hemiptera: Membracidae) is a distinct endemic Philippine treehopper species complex distinguished by its extremely elevated and bifurcated pronotal structures. An earlier study suggested that P. bifoliata is a host specialist that feeds on Bridelia (Phyllanthaceae) in northern Luzon and Rubus (Rosaceae) in southern Mindanao. However, the host plant range across the geographical distribution of the P. bifoliata species complex is still poorly understood. In this study, field observations and DNA barcoding were performed to determine the host plant range of P. bifoliata in the Mount Makiling Forest Reserve of Laguna Province on the island of Luzon. The morphology of the last-instar nymph of P. bifoliata was described to facilitate the identification of the species and its host plants. Behavioural interactions between P. bifoliata and its associated ants were also recorded. The results revealed that Piper umbellatum (Piperaceae) and Saurauia latibractea (Actinidiaceae) were the major host plants used by both nymphs and adults of P. bifoliata. The findings indicate that P. bifoliata in the Mount Makiling Forest Reserve of central Luzon is a polyphagous host generalist that primarily utilises two distantly related plant species. The adults of P. bifoliata also occur on Alangium longiflorum (Cornaceae) and Ficus ulmifolia (Moraceae). The nymphs of P. bifoliata are gregarious in small groups and visited by three ant species (Crematogaster sp., Pheidole sp. and Technomyrmex sp.); however, the adults of P. bifoliata are solitary and are never observed with ants. Unlike other treehoppers that are subsocial, the females of P. bifoliata exhibited no maternal care behaviours, such as egg or nymph guarding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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29. Can flowers help to disentangle the Vriesea oligantha complex (Bromeliaceae: Tillandsioideae)? Taxonomic implications and contributions to the floral anatomy and biology of Stigmatodon.
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Silva, Kleber R, Oriani, Aline, Versieux, Leonardo M, and Martinelli, Adriana P
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ANATOMY , *BOTANICAL specimens , *POLLINATORS , *BIOLOGY , *FLOWERS , *GENE flow , *BROMELIACEAE , *POLLINATION - Abstract
The Vriesea oligantha complex comprises Vriesea lancifolia , Vriesea oligantha , and Vriesea pseudoligantha , which were recently transferred to Stigmatodon. Such species exhibit strong morphological convergence to live in rocky fields, which makes difficult their identification in the wild or in herbarium specimens. In a previous work, leaf characters helped in the species delimitation and evidenced a new taxon. Considering that morphology, anatomy, and aspects of floral biology can contribute to better define species limits and to indicate potential pollinators, individuals from nine populations of V. oligantha complex were comparatively studied. The typical V. oligantha is mainly distinguished by tubular flowers, with simple petal appendages and diurnal anthesis. The remaining individuals studied from different populations exhibit campanulate corollas, with denticulate petal appendages and nocturnal anthesis, not allowing for the separation of V. lancifolia , V. pseudoligantha , and a fourth taxon. Floral anatomy is less variable than the external morphology, with little contribution to the species delimitation; however, it is helpful in the circumscription of Stigmatodon. The infralocular septal nectaries and the floral features provide evidence that the main pollinators of campanulate and tubular flowers are bats and hummingbirds, respectively. Specific pollinator guilds in combination with fragmented populations may explain the limited gene flow amongst populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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30. Unrecognised Ant Megadiversity in the Australian Monsoonal Tropics III: The Meranoplus ajax Forel Complex.
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Andersen, Alan N., Brassard, François, and Hoffmann, Benjamin D.
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NUMBERS of species , *ANTS - Abstract
Australia's monsoonal (seasonal) tropics are a global centre of ant diversity, but are largely unrecognised as such because the vast majority of its species are undescribed. Here we document another case of undescribed hyper-diversity within a taxon that is formally recognised as a single, widespread species, Meranoplus ajax Forel. We recognise 50 species among 125 specimens of M. 'ajax' that we CO1-barcoded, integrating CO1 clustering and divergence, morphological differentiation and geographic distribution. A large proportion (44%) of these species are represented by single records, indicating that very many additional species are yet to be collected in this extremely remote and sparsely populated region. Sampling has been concentrated in the Northern Territory, where 27 of the 50 species occur. If diversity in Western Australia and Queensland were similar to that in the Northern Territory, as appears likely, then the M. ajax complex would comprise >100 species. In 2000, when Australia's monsoonal ant fauna was estimated to contain 1500 species, Meranoplus ajax was considered to represent a single species. Our previous analyses of a range of other taxa have shown that their diversity has been similarly under-appreciated in this estimate. Our findings suggest that the total number of ant species in monsoonal Australia is several thousand, which would make the region by far the world's richest known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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31. A new cryptic species of Australian Glyptotermes (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) discovered by effective use of morphological characteristics of primary reproductives.
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Yashiro, Toshihisa and Lo, Nathan
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- *
CYTOCHROME oxidase , *TERMITES , *SPECIES - Abstract
Closely related species within termite genera often show extremely similar morphology, where morphological characteristics of soldiers alone or imagos (including alates and primary reproductives) alone are sometimes insufficient to establish new species. However, many original descriptions of termite species are based on soldier characteristics alone, because of the seasonal occurrence of alates and the difficulty in collecting primary reproductives. Importantly, primary reproductives of the family Kalotermitidae (so‐called drywood termites) are relatively easy to collect from field colonies compared with those of the other termite families. Here, we describe a new kalotermitid species, Glyptotermes matsuuraisp. nov., from Australia by effective use of morphological characteristics of primary reproductives. Glyptotermes matsuurai is distinguished from the Australian species G. iridipennis Froggatt, 1896 by the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit II gene; however, it is not distinguishable from G. iridipennis based on the external morphology of soldiers. It therefore forms a species complex with G. iridipennis. Although we could collect alates of G. matsuurai from only one of the field‐collected colonies kept in the laboratory, we conducted morphological analyses of imagos from multiple colonies by using primary reproductives collected from field colonies. As a result of our morphological analyses of imagos, we found that G. matsuurai is morphologically distinguishable from all other species of Australian Glyptotermes. Thus, when enough alates are unavailable, morphological characteristics of primary reproductives can be used to facilitate the discovery of undescribed cryptic species at least in the genus Glyptotermes and possibly in other genera within the family Kalotermitidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Integrative taxonomy of the Iphisa elegansGray, 1851 species complex (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) leads to the description of five new species.
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Mello, Anna V Albano de, Recoder, Renato S, Fouquet, Antoine, Rodrigues, Miguel T, and Nunes, Pedro M S
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- *
BIOLOGICAL classification , *SQUAMATA , *NUCLEAR DNA , *SPECIES , *RIPARIAN areas - Abstract
We reassessed the taxonomic status of lizards of the Iphisa elegans complex, a monotypic genus of Gymnophthalmidae, based on the congruence between mitochondrial DNA (Cytb) and nuclear DNA (c-mos and prlr) and characters of internal and external morphology, both quantitative and qualitative (meristic, morphometric and hemipenial), throughout its wide Amazonian distribution. The congruence of three species delimitation analyses (mPTP, bGMYC and ASAP), nuclear DNA topology and morphological evidence resulted in nine operational taxonomic units in the genus Iphisa. Besides being recovered as monophyletic groups in mitochondrial and nuclear phylogenetic trees, these nine operational taxonomic units can be distinguished by external and hemipenial morphology. Finally, we propose a new taxonomic rearrangement of the genus, whereby we: (i) restrict I. elegans to north-east Amazonia in the Guiana Shield and southwards, west from the Purus–Madeira interfluvium, on the right bank of the Amazon River; (ii) elevate Iphisa elegans soinii Dixon, 1974 to the specific level Iphisa soinii Dixon, 1974 comb. nov.; and (iii) name and describe five new species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Morphologically hypervariable species hinder our knowledge of biodiversity: Daustinia montana (Convolvulaceae) as a case study.
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Alencar, Juliana, Maciel, Jefferson Rodrigues, and Buril, Maria Teresa
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- *
CONVOLVULACEAE , *NUMBERS of species , *LEAF morphology , *SPECIES , *BIODIVERSITY , *PLANT classification - Abstract
Cryptic species continue to intrigue taxonomists over time and hamper biodiversity knowledge. An example of what would be considered a cryptic species is Daustinia montana (Convolvulaceae). Its wide leaf morphology plasticity has led to multiple interpretations and contrasting classifications: from a monotypic to a six-taxa hypothesis. For this work, we tested six taxonomic hypotheses, including an explicit test of a monotypic approach, under a robust statistical analysis, using univariate and multivariate methods. Besides that, we performed a niche analysis to verify the niche occupation of the populations recognized here as possible species. Forty-eight micro and macromorphological characters (qualitative and quantitative) from individuals of 16 populations of D. montana were evaluated. The taxonomic hypothesis that recognizes eight distinct species has the highest support as they also have non-overlapping niches. We conclude that the number of species in Daustinia may be greater than its current circumscription. We also highlight the importance of an integrative systematic approach in the study of biodiversity. This research represents a first step in the specific delimitations of the genus and can also serve as a model to study taxa with wide morphological variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. First record of males of Cypridopsis vidua (Crustacea, Ostracoda) species complex for Europe
- Author
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Giampaolo Rossetti, Elena Bellavere, and Ilaria Mazzini
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non marine ostracods ,morphology ,species complex ,reproductive modes ,artificial ponds ,Italy ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Physical geography ,GB3-5030 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Until recently, only asexually reproducing populations were known in Cypridopsis vidua, a species complex with one of the widest geographical distributions among non-marine ostracods. The discovery of males, most likely functional, from the United States and China has called into question its obligate parthenogen status. Here we report the first report of males for Europe, found in a small artificial pond in northern Italy. It seems plausible that sexual populations are much more widespread than hitherto known, as the recognition of males requires the dissection of individuals. Compared with the available descriptions of males belonging to Cypridopsis vidua and related species, that of the male illustrated here show morphological differences in the antennulae and prehensile palps, which in the Cypridoidea are sexually dimorphic and often diagnostic to distinguish between related species. Adult males show significantly smaller valve sizes than adult females, while adult females in which sperm were found inside the carapace have more variable lengths than those without sperm. No differences in valve coloration or dark banding pattern were found between males and females, and differences in valve outline were mostly negligible. The limitations of an exclusively morphological approach in the case of similar morphospecies are highlighted, as well as the importance of adopting objective criteria to measure the limits of morphological variability allowing the identification of separate taxonomic entities.
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- 2024
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35. Spider crabs of the Samadinia pulchra complex (Crustacea: Decapoda: Epialtidae)
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Shane T. Ahyong, Bee Yan Lee, and Peter K. L. Ng
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epialtidae ,new species ,deep sea ,spider crab ,taxonomy ,species complex ,Museums. Collectors and collecting ,AM1-501 ,Evolution ,QH359-425 - Abstract
The spiny spider crab, Samadinia pulchra (Miers in Tizard, Moseley, Buchanan & Murray, 1885) (type locality: Bohol Sea, Philippines) has long been considered to be widespread in the western Pacific and Indian Ocean, with Anamathia livermorii Wood-Mason in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891, described from the Andaman Sea, in its synonymy. Reassessment of Samadinia pulchra from throughout its purported range indicates that it comprises a complex of three species: S. pulchra sensu stricto, occurring in the northwestern Pacific, from the South China Sea to Japan; S. livermorii, occurring in the Indian Ocean, ranging from southwestern Indonesia to East Africa; and a new species, S. jimlowryi sp. nov., ranging from northwestern Australia to southeastern Indonesia.
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- 2023
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36. Automated ISSR Fingerprinting Is a Cost-Effective Way to Assess Genetic Diversity and Taxonomic Differentiation—A Case Study on the Encephalartos eugene-maraisii Species Complex
- Author
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Deanne Murphy, Nigel Paul Barker, and Arnold Frisby
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cycad ,ISSR ,conservation genetics ,species complex ,developing countries ,technological impediment ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Recent technological advancements in conservation genetics and genomics have resulted in diverse tools for aiding the conservation of species. The precision and resolution of high throughput sequencing technologies provide valuable insights to aid conservation decisions, but these technologies are often financially unfeasible or unavailable in resource constrained countries. Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers, when combined with sensitive automated detection systems, provide a simple, cheap means to investigate genetic diversity and discriminate closely related species. Here, we apply this technology to assess genetic diversity and taxonomic delimitation in the Encephalartos eugene-maraisii species complex, a highly threatened, taxonomically dubious group of cycads in South Africa. Our analyses support the taxonomic singularity of E. dyerianus, E. dolomiticus and E. eugene-maraisii. Relationships between E. nubimontanus and E. cupidus remain uncertain. E. middelburgensis samples showed no clustering but had poor amplification success. This study demonstrates the suitability of automated ISSR fingerprinting as a method for plant conservation studies, especially in resource-constrained countries, and we make recommendations as to how this methodology can be effectively implemented.
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- 2024
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37. On the Trail of Morphological Traits: Morphometry Helps to Clarify Morphological Variation in Section Viperella (Sisyrinchium)
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Julia Gabriele Dani, Camila Dellanhese Inácio, and Tatiana T. Souza-Chies
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Iridaceae ,species complex ,taxonomy ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Sisyrinchium, a large genus of the Iridaceae family, is divided into ten sections and defined by genetic, morphological and phylogenetic traits. The section Viperella, though monophyletic, encounters taxonomic hurdles, particularly within the Sisyrinchium palmifolium L. and Sisyrinchium vaginatum Spreng complexes, resulting in numerous misidentifications. The taxonomic confusion in the group may stem from various factors, emphasizing extensive morphological variations, leading to overlapping characteristics. We used morphometric approaches to better characterize the species belonging to two complexes, assess their variation and identify diagnostic traits for taxonomy enhancement. We assessed 16 quantitative traits for the S. palmifolium complex and 15 for the S. vaginatum complex, totaling 652 specimens recorded across 15 herbaria covering the entire species’ distribution area. In the S. vaginatum complex, 66.5% of the variations were accounted for in the first two axes, while in the S. palmifolium complex, the first two axes explained 55.3%. Our findings revealed that both complexes exhibited many morphological variations, leading to a characteristic overlap. These characteristics may have arisen due to recent diversifications of the group and niche overlaps. Additionally, we identified some morphological characteristics that are useful for distinguishing species. Finally, we compiled a section gathering all useful characteristics for species delimitation within the group, aiming to facilitate non-experts in deciphering this species complex.
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- 2024
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38. Reassessing the taxonomy of the Libidibia ferrea complex, the iconic Brazilian tree “pau-ferro” using morphometrics and ecological niche modeling
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Oliveira, Filipe G., Santos, Felipe da S., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Oliveira, Reyjane P., and de Queiroz, Luciano P.
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- 2024
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39. Patterns of Macrozoobenthos Distribution in Some Rivers of European Russia and Adjacent Regions.
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Vorobjeva, L. V., Reshetov, I. S., Azovsky, A. I., Kovatcheva, N. P., and Chertoprud, E. S.
- Subjects
- *
BODIES of water , *MULTIDIMENSIONAL scaling , *FLOW velocity , *WATERSHEDS , *ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring , *STREAMING video & television - Abstract
A statistical analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the macrozoobenthos in the streams and rivers of European Russia and Latvia (Oka, Don, and Gauja river basins) was carried out. Based on nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), the distribution of the macrozoobenthos in the study streams was shown to be continuous, with no distinct types of communities distinguished. Based on the ANOSIM method, statistically significant species complexes associated with substrate types, flow velocity, and size of the stream and main river basins were recognized. Using the SIMPER, characteristic and differentiating taxa at the generic or species level for each species complex were delimited, with the life-forms of these taxa evaluated. Although the taxonomic composition of species complexes of flowing waters is weakly predictable, a statistically significant clustering of taxon groups associated with key environmental factors has been found possible. Conducting such research in different hydrological types of water bodies in various geographical regions is a promising direction for the environmental monitoring of freshwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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40. Reference-Based Restriction-Site-Associated DNA Sequencing Data Are Useful for Species Delineation in a Recently Diverged Asexually Reproducing Species Complex (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota).
- Author
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Barcenas-Peña, Alejandrina, Divakar, Pradeep K., Crespo, Ana, Nuñez-Zapata, Jano, Lumbsch, H. Thorsten, and Grewe, Felix
- Subjects
- *
DNA sequencing , *LICHENS , *GENETIC variation , *ASCOMYCETES , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms , *SPECIES - Abstract
Cryptic species are common in lichen-forming fungi and have been reported from different genera in the most speciose family, Parmeliaceae. Herein, we address species delimitation in a group of mainly asexually reproducing Parmelina species. The morphologically distinct P. pastillifera was previously found nested within a morphologically circumscribed P. tiliacea based on several loci. However, these studies demonstrated a relatively high genetic diversity within P. tiliacea sensu lato. Here, we revisit the species delimitation in the group by analyzing single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) through genome-wide assessment using Restriction-Site-Associated sequencing and population genomic methods. Our data support previous studies and provide further insight into the phylogenetic relationships of the four clades found within the complex. Based on the evidence suggesting a lack of gene flow among the clades, we recognize the four clades as distinct species, P. pastillifera and P. tiliacea sensu stricto, and two new species, P. clandestina sp. nov. and P. mediterranea sp. nov. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The <italic>Erysiphe alphitoides</italic> complex (powdery mildews) – unravelling the phylogeny and taxonomy of an intricate assemblage of species.
- Author
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Bradshaw, Michael, Braun, Uwe, Takamatsu, Susumu, Németh, Márk Z., Seress, Diána, and Pfister, Donald H.
- Abstract
Powdery mildews on oaks, caused by
Erysiphe species, have serious ecological consequences on a range ofQuercus hosts. In addition toErysiphe quercicola ,E. alphitoides is one of the most common and widespread species ofErysiphe having a wide host range among oak species, and a clear economic significance in applied ecology, forestry, and forest pathology. There are many publications addressing these important tree pathogens. Previous phylogenetic examinations have shown thatE. alphitoides refers to a complicated species assemblage with insufficient taxonomic resolution in ITS + 28S analyses; the associated sequences form an insufficiently resolved species complex. The majority of species within theE. alphitoides complex cannot be unequivocally identified based solely on ITS + 28S analyses. Most of the additional species of theE. alphitoides complex are distributed in Asia, with a concentration in Japan. The question posed is whether there is a single widespread powdery mildew species,E. alphitoides, or an assemblage of closely allied species. To answer this question, specimens of related recognized species, particularly those from Japan, have been subjected to phylogenetic multilocus examinations, includingCAM ,GAPDH ,GS , ITS + 28S,RPB2 , andTUB sequences. An analysis of the concatenated sequences resulted in the confirmation of several distinct species. These species form highly supported clades that includeE. alphitoides ,E. aucubae ,E. euonymicola ,E. ipomoeae ,E. menispermi var.dahurica ,E. orixae ,E. pseudolonicerae ,E. sinomenii andE. wallrothii .Erysiphe akebiae as well as the relationship between Japanese and North American collections requires further examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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42. Genetic divergences and hybridization within the Sebastes inermis complex.
- Author
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Diego Deville, Kentaro Kawai, Hiroki Fujita, and Tetsuya Umino
- Subjects
REPRODUCTIVE isolation ,VISUAL perception ,ASSORTATIVE mating ,GENETIC distance ,GENETIC speciation - Abstract
The Sebastes inermis complex includes three sympatric species (Sebastes cheni, viz Sebastes inermis, and Sebastes ventricosus) with clear ecomorphological differences, albeit incomplete reproductive isolation. The presence of putative morphological hybrids (PMH) with plausibly higher fitness than the parent species indicates the need to confirm whether hybridization occurs within the complex. In this sense, we assessed the dynamics of genetic divergence and hybridization within the species complex using a panel of 10 microsatellite loci, and sequences of the mitochondrial control region (D-loop) and the intron-free rhodopsin (RH1) gene. The analyses revealed the presence of three distinct genetic clusters, large genetic distances using D-loop sequences, and distinctive mutations within the RH1 gene. These results are consistent with the descriptions of the three species. Two microsatellite loci had signatures of divergent selection, indicating that they are linked to genomic regions that are crucial for speciation. Furthermore, nonsynonymous mutations within the RH1 gene detected in S. cheni and "Kumano" (a PMH) suggest dissimilar adaptations related to visual perception in dim-light environments. The presence of individuals with admixed ancestry between two species confirmed hybridization. The presence of nonsynonymous mutations within the RH1 gene and the admixed ancestry of the "Kumano" morphotype highlight the potential role of hybridization in generating novelties within the species complex. We discuss possible outcomes of hybridization within the species complex, considering hybrid fitness and assortative mating. Overall, our findings indicate that the genetic divergence of each species is maintained in the presence of hybridization, as expected in a scenario of speciation-with-gene-flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Phylogenomics of Southern European Taxa in the Ranunculus auricomus Species Complex: The Apple Doesn't Fall Far from the Tree.
- Author
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Bradican, John Paul, Tomasello, Salvatore, Boscutti, Francesco, Karbstein, Kevin, and Hörandl, Elvira
- Subjects
RANUNCULUS ,SPECIES ,GENE flow ,FLOW cytometry ,APOMIXIS ,ORCHARDS - Abstract
The taxonomic status of many Southern European taxa of the Ranunculus auricomus complex remains uncertain despite this region's proximity to the native ranges of the sexual progenitor species of the complex. We investigated whether additional sexual progenitor species are present in the Mediterranean region. Utilizing target enrichment of 736 single-copy nuclear gene regions and flow cytometry, we analyzed phylogenomic relationships, the ploidy level, and the reproductive mode in representatives of 16 populations in Southern Europe, with additional sequence data from herbarium collections. Additionally, phased sequence assemblies from suspected nothotaxa were mapped to previously described sexual progenitor species in order to determine hybrid ancestry. We found the majority of Mediterranean taxa to be tetraploid, with hybrid populations propagating primarily via apomixis. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that except for the progenitor species, the Mediterranean taxa are often polyphyletic. Most apomictic taxa showed evidence of mixed heritage from progenitor species, with certain progenitor genotypes having mapped more to the populations from adjacent geographical regions. Geographical trends were found in phylogenetic distance, roughly following an east-to-west longitudinal demarcation of the complex, with apomicts extending to the southern margins. Additionally, we observed post-hybridization divergence between the western and eastern populations of nothotaxa in Southern Europe. Our results support a classification of apomictic populations as nothotaxa, as previously suggested for Central Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Re-identification of Colletotrichum acutatum Species Complex in Korea and Their Host Plants
- Author
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Le Dinh Thao, Hyorim Choi, Yunhee Choi, Anbazhagan Mageswari, Daseul Lee, and Seung-Beom Hong
- Subjects
species complex ,host plant ,identification ,Plant culture ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Colletotrichum acutatum species complex is one of the most important groups in the genus Colletotrichum with a high species diversity and a wide range of host plants. C. acutatum and related species have been collected from different plants and locations in Korea and deposited into the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC), National Institute of Agricultural Sciences since the 1990s. These fungal isolates were previously identified based mainly on morphological characteristics, and a limitation of molecular data was provided. To confirm the identification of species, 64 C. acutatum species complex isolates in KACC were used in this study for DNA sequence analyses of six loci: nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS), beta-tubulin 2 (TUB2), histone-3 (HIS3), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), chitin synthase 1 (CHS-1), and actin (ACT). The molecular analysis revealed that they were identified in six different species of C. fioriniae (24 isolates), C. nymphaeae (21 isolates), C. scovillei (12 isolates), C. chrysanthemi (three isolates), C. lupini (two isolates), and C. godetiae (one isolate), and a novel species candidate. We compared the hosts of KACC isolates with “The List of Plant Diseases in Korea”, previous reports in Korea and global reports and found that 23 combinations between hosts and pathogens could be newly reported in Korea after pathogenicity tests, and 12 of these have not been recorded in the world.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Revealing Brownish Mycena Diversity in China: New Discoveries and Taxonomic Insights
- Author
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Renxiu Wei, Yupeng Ge, Liangliang Qi, Menghui Han, Hui Zeng, Yaping Hu, Li Zou, Xianhao Cheng, Xiaoming Wu, and Qin Na
- Subjects
biodiversity ,species complex ,new taxon ,taxonomy ,phylogeny ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Within the genus Mycena, species exhibiting brownish basidiomata present considerable challenges in identification due to similar coloration. This study underscores the significance of pileipellis types and cheilocystidia characteristics as critical in delimiting brownish Mycena species. To clarify the principal taxonomic characters and their utility in distinguishing between brownish Mycena species, a morphological taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis were performed. Five new species from China were introduced and characterized through a comprehensive morphological anatomy and phylogenetic substantiation: M. campanulatihemisphaerica sp. nov., M. digitifurcata sp. nov., M. kunyuensis sp. nov., M. limitis sp. nov., and M. oryzifluens sp. nov. Discussions of these taxa are supplemented with morphological illustrations. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methods based on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer and the large subunit regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA. With the addition of these five new species, the worldwide count of brownish Mycena increases to 94, and a key to the 29 known species of brownish Mycena from China is presented.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Re-identification of Fusarium sambucinum Species Complex Strains in Korea and Their Literature Review
- Author
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Yunhee Choi, Anbazhagan Mageswari, Hyorim Choi, Jisu Lee, Daseul Lee, and Seung-Beom Hong
- Subjects
species complex ,list of plant disease ,pathogenecity ,plant disease ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
Fusarium sambucinum species complex (FSAMSC) is an important taxonomic group, causing severe plant diseases. Many studies were carried out on FSAMSC plant diseases in Korea, but only 2 species (F. graminearum, F. sambucinum) from 14 host plants were registered in the List of Plant Disease in Korea. To clarify FSAMSC diversity and their pathogenecity, we examined FSAMSC isolates preserved in the Korean Agricultural Culture Collection. Fifty-seven strains were reidentifed as 7 species (F. asiaticum, F. graminearum, F. vorosii, F. meridionale, F. boothii, F. kyushuense, F. armeniacum) based on multi-locus sequence typing analysis. According to previous reports and result of this study, 5 species (F. asiaticum, F. graminearum, F. vorosii, F. armeniacum, F. sambucinum) were pathogenic on 24 host plants in FSAMSC, while the pathogenicity of 3 species (F. meridionale, F. boothii, F. kyushuense) were not clear.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Towards a nomenclatural clarification of the Peltigera ponojensis/monticola clade including metagenomic sequencing of type material and the introduction of P. globulata Miadl. & Magain sp. nov.
- Author
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Miadlikowska, Jolanta, Magain, Nicolas, Medeiros, Ian D., Pardo-De la Hoz, Carlos J., Carbone, Ignazio, LaGreca, Scott, Barlow, Thomas, Myllys, Leena, Schmull, Michaela, and Lutzoni, François
- Subjects
- *
METAGENOMICS , *HYPERVARIABLE regions , *SHOTGUN sequencing , *GENE flow - Abstract
Peltigera globulata Miadl. & Magain, a new species in the P. ponojensis/monticola species complex of section Peltigera , is formally described. This clade was previously given the interim designation Peltigera sp. 17. It is found in sun-exposed and xeric habitats at high altitudes in Peru and Ecuador. Peltigera globulata can be easily recognized by its irregularly globulated margins covered mostly by thick, white pruina, somewhat resembling the sorediate thallus margins of P. soredians , another South American species from section Peltigera. The hypervariable region of ITS1 (ITS1-HR), which is in general highly variable among species of section Peltigera , does not have diagnostic value for species identification within the P. ponojensis/monticola complex. Nevertheless, no significant level of gene flow was detected among eight lineages representing a clade of putative species (including P. globulata) within this complex. ITS sequences from the holotype specimens of P. monticola Vitik. (collected in 1979) and P. soredians Vitik. (collected in 1981) and lectotype specimens of P. antarctica C. W. Dodge (collected in 1941) and P. aubertii C. W. Dodge (collected in 1952) were successfully obtained through Sanger and Illumina metagenomic sequencing. BLAST results of these sequences revealed that the type specimen of P. monticola falls within the P. monticola/ponojensis 7 clade, which represents P. monticola s. str., and confirmed that the type specimen of P. aubertii falls within a clade identified previously as P. aubertii based on morphology. The ITS sequence from the type specimen of P. soredians , which superficially resembles P. globulata , confirms its placement in the P. rufescens clade. Finally, we discovered that the name P. antarctica was erroneously applied to a lineage in the P. ponojensis/monticola clade. The ITS sequence from the type specimen of P. antarctica represents a lineage within the P. rufescens clade, which is sister to the P. ponojensis/monticola clade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Five new species in the Tremella caloplacae complex.
- Author
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Freire-Rallo, Sandra, Diederich, Paul, Millanes, Ana M., and Wedin, Mats
- Subjects
- *
SPECIES , *MOLECULAR phylogeny - Abstract
Tremella caloplacae (Zahlbr.) Diederich is a species complex including at least nine different species. Here, we formally describe the new species Tremella elegantis , T. nimisiana , T. parietinae , T. pusillae and T. sorediatae. Tremella elegantis induces galls in the hymenium of Rusavskia elegans and forms 2-celled basidia, where cells rarely elongate and sometimes give the appearance of two immature, independent basidia. Tremella nimisiana has small basidiomata (less than 1 mm diam.), narrowly ellipsoid to pyriform 2-celled, occasionally clavate to subcylindrical 3-celled basidia, and grows in the hymenium of Xanthocarpia species. Tremella parietinae is characterized by the exclusive growth in the hymenium of Xanthoria parietina , the broadly fusiform to ellipsoid probasidia, and the subspherical, pyriform or ellipsoid 2(–3)-celled basidia. Tremella pusillae has ellipsoidal probasidia, 2(–3)-celled pyriform or ellipsoidal basidia that sometimes are constricted at the septum, and grows only on Calogaya pusilla. Tremella sorediatae is characterized by inducing galls on the thallus of Rusavskia sorediata and by pyriform to ellipsoid basidia that sometimes are constricted at the septum. Three species are not formally described and are left unnamed as Tremella sp. 13 on Calogaya biatorina , Tremella sp. 14 on Calogaya decipiens and Tremella sp. 15 on Polycauliona sp. Tremella caloplacae in the strict sense is re-circumscribed as a species confined to Variospora species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Revision of the rattan Calamus javensis Blume complex (Arecaceae, Calamoideae) in Malesia with notes on all recognisable taxa and forms.
- Author
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Atria, Mega, Dransfield, John, and van Welzen, Peter C.
- Subjects
- *
SYNONYMS , *PAMPHLETS , *SPECIES , *PALMS , *MORPHOLOGY - Abstract
The problem of polymorphism in the Calamus javensis complex has been examined by various techniques in several publications. A wide range of morphological variation was identified during these studies. Characters showing high variation were leaf sheath and ocrea morphology, number and arrangement of leaflets, length and arrangement of the rachillas. All names used in the complex are here regarded as synonyms of C. javensis except C. tenompokensis, which is retained as a distinct species. One variety is recognized, C. javensis var. polyphyllus (including C. acuminatus). Using morphological characters, we recognized 11 informal (often not monophyletic) forms within C. javensis var. javensis. Here we present identification keys, descriptions and notes of all recognisable forms, varieties and species included in the Calamus javensis complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. A NEW RECORD OF THE SNAPPING SHRIMP, ALPHEUS LOBIDENS, FROM THE IRAQI COAST (MALACOSTRACA, DECAPODA, ALPHEIDAE).
- Author
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Yasser, A. Gh. and Naser, M. D.
- Subjects
MALACOSTRACA ,ALPHEUS ,SNAPPING shrimps ,DECAPODA - Abstract
Based on newly collected material from the Iraqi coast, the status of the common intertidal snapping shrimp, Alpheus lobidens De Haan, 1849 species complex, is discussed. Based on several morphological characteristics as well as the color pattern, the material examined herein strongly supports the validity of A. lobidens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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