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Simultaneous wireless power and data transfer (SWPDT) is widely investigated because of increasing requirement on real-time communication between the primary and secondary sides in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. This paper classifies SWPDT systems into four categories according to the type and number of data channel and data carrier generation method. They are power carrier based SWPDT system, high-frequency data carrier based SWPDT system, multiple inductive channels SWPDT system, and inductive-capacitive hybrid channels SWPDT system, respectively. Four key issues including crosstalk minimization, improvement of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), modulation method for high data rate and low bit error rate (BER), and special design to achieve full-duplex communication and improve misalignment tolerance are discussed. The advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the four types of SWPDT systems are summarized. Finally, conclusions and outlook of SWPDT system are given.

The authors of the article touch on the major topic of ensuring access of persons with disabilities to facilities and services, which is an indicator of guaranteeing the rights and freedoms of such citizens and ultimately determines the quality of life of such people. The article analyzes the current Ukrainian legislation, as well as international legal acts governing relations regarding access of persons with disabilities to the general infrastructure. The methodology of the article includes methods of analysis, synthesis, formal-legal and comparative-legal methods. The essence of the right of persons with disabilities to access facilities and services is the legally guaranteed possibility of these persons to freely use all facilities and services without any barriers, including through the adaptation of the latter or their special design. The authors of the article thoroughly researched the concept and content of the right of persons with disabilities to access facilities and services. Finally, the authors concluded that the current domestic legislation, although ensuring the minimum level of rights of persons with disabilities in the study area but needs to be improved taking into account the positive experience of European countries and following the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities.

In the article on the basis of the complex analysis of sources and scientific literature the attempt to investigate historical circumstances of development and construction of shunting electric locomotives at the Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotive plant has been made. It was found that during the 1960s and 1970s, the team of designers of the Dnipropetrovsk plant, having strong research and production potential, at the request of the Ministry of Railways of the USSR developed and built unique samples of shunting electric locomotives of the VL41 and VL26 series to meet the needs of Soviet main-line railways with modern high-tech electric vehicles. It is proved that in the absence of thorough experience and, accordingly, the possibility of a rapid technological breakthrough in the development of main-line locomotives, during the experimental operation of shunting electric locomotives VL41 and VL26, several design shortcomings were identified, which led to their further use exclusively on the house tracks of enterprises, and designers of Dnipropetrovsk plant later focused on the development and construction of traction units for industrial application commissioned by the Ministry of Ferrous Metallurgy of the USSR. At the same time, the construction of the main-line railway equipment to the order of the Ministry of Railways allowed the staff of the enterprise to gain valuable experience, which was later used in the implementation of the renewal program of rolling stock of Ukrzaliznytsia. Although today the Dnipropetrovsk plant is in decline, the analysis of historical circumstances of formation and design and technological heritage of electric locomotive construction in Ukraine is of fundamental importance both in the general perspective of the development of domestic transport engineering, and the railway industry in particular. Further study of the history of Dnipropetrovsk electric locomotive plant requires clarification of the historical circumstances of institutionalization of the Special Design and Technology Bureau of the enterprise from the creation of industrial electric locomotives and traction units to the development and re-equipment of main traction rolling stock and specialized repair equipment within the state enterprise “Ukrainian Research Design Institute of Electric Locomotive Engineering”.

Liquid containing tanks are very common civil engineering systems used chiefly for storage purposes. Very often, the tank is placed atop a primary structure and contains considerable amount of liquid mass, sufficient for designing the tank to function as an inertia-based supplemental damping device for the primary structure under lateral excitation. However, due to low inherent energy dissipation capacity and a high proportion of impulsive liquid mass, the proper utilization of deep tanks as dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) has not taken place. It thereby requires special attention and innovative design modifications. In this paper, the characteristics of liquid motion in a laterally excited deep tank are first analyzed to explain its inadequate inherent damping. A state-of-the-art review of existing literature on the special design of deep tanks as DVAs is then carried out. A brief comparative performance study on a deep tank, with and without baffles, and a shallow tank, as well as a cost analysis of a deep liquid-containing tank as a DVA for structures, are presented. It is seen that available deep tanks fitted with flow damping devices have the potential to serve as very effective and economical structural vibration control devices. The means to further enhance the effectiveness of deep tanks is also identified.

The article discusses the concepts of continuous vacuum apparatus operation: vertical VKT (VKT – Verdampfungs-Kristallisations-Turm) and horizontal cascade of VKH vacuum apparatus (VKH —horizontal vacuum pan) from BMA (Germany). The advantages and features of the vertical continuous vacuum apparatus VKT are shown, as well as the possibilities for increasing the efficiency of the product department of sugar factories. Thanks to the special design of the crystallization chambers, the low massecuite level above the heating chamber and the use of mechanical stirrers in each chamber, the VKT apparatus can operate without difficulty with a very small temperature difference between heating steam and massecuite, as well as with an absolute heating steam pressure well below 1 bar. With optimal use of VKT vacuum apparatus, a variety of energy-saving schemes can be implemented, for example, double-effect evaporation in the crystallization section. Part of the secondary crystallization steam is used to heat one of the VKT units, which saves the heating steam of the evaporator unit used for this purpose. With an increase in the productivity of the sugar factory, it is possible to quickly equip the VKT apparatus with an additional chamber. The device works continuously throughout the season, especially with products with massecuite purity of more than 94%. The chambers are cleaned without stopping the entire apparatus. The boiling of massecuite of all stages of crystallization in VKT devices ensures a uniform operating mode of the food compartment, allows to achieve an increase in sugar yield and helps to reduce steam consumption at the plant.

ObjectiveThe female condom is a non-hormonal barrier method that can protect from unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections such as HIV. Female condoms are an important contribution to women’s reproductive health globally as they are the only woman-initiated method currently available that can provide dual protection. This article describes how human-centred design (HCD) was applied to the development of the Woman’s Condom—a second-generation female condom.MethodsA multidisciplinary team pioneered the application of HCD principles to develop a novel reproductive health product. The Woman’s Condom design incorporated feedback from both female and male users from multiple sites in the USA and Cuernavaca, Mexico; Durban, South Africa and Khon Kaen, Thailand to inform product development.ResultsWe developed and tested more than 50 design iterations reflecting various solutions to user-related concerns. The final locked design confirmed that the Woman’s Condom was easy to use, stable, comfortable and provided satisfactory sensation during sex for both partners. The ‘dissolving capsule’ to facilitate insertion and ‘soft cling’ design are key innovative features of the Woman’s Condom.ConclusionThe Woman’s Condom is a second-generation female (or internal) condom product that has been shown to be highly acceptable to users throughout the world. The Woman’s Condom’s special design features enable easy insertion, secure fit during use, good sensation and easy removal. Engaging users as codesigners through an HCD approach resulted in a female condom that meets the needs of women and men from diverse regions.

This work summarizes the results of the creation of adaptive control systems for growing single crystals of oxides and sapphire by the methods of Czochralski, Stepanov (EFG) and Kyropoulos using weight sensors. The developed adaptive automated control systems for these growing methods are used on crystal growth unis produced by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Experimental Factory of Scientific Engineering with the Special Design Bureau of the Russian Academy of Sciences for industrial application and research.

The necessity of further development or improvement of protective equipment based on the use of ordinary rock with special design features for effective maintenance of preparatory workings behind stoping face during underground coal mining in the conditions of mines in the Ukrainian Donbass is justified. The mechanism of formation of load-bearing rock structures is considered, as well as the factors that affect their stability are analyzed, and the most influential of them are identified. To establish the rational parameters of these structures, analytical studies were carried out to study the features of load transfer in rock structures. For this purpose, analytical models were proposed for composing equations for the boundary equilibrium of elementary volumes over the height and width of a rock embankment with lateral resistance. The solution of differential equations made it possible to establish analytical dependences of stresses in the rock structure on the main factors affecting: the value of the load on the structure, its height and width, the angle of internal friction of the embedded material and its volume density. It is established that stresses decrease exponentially in the height and width of ordinary rock structures. The established regularities make it possible to determine the amount of required resistance to the side walls to ensure the stability of rock structures, taking into account the main influencing factors.

Здійснено огляд та виклад історії нині розсекреченої, а раніше абсолютно невідомої військової автомобільної техніки. Подано опис агрегатів рухомих ґрунтових ракетних комплексів, які створювалися в умовах абсолютної таємності в закритих спеціальних конструкторських бюро і на численних підприємствах країни. Ключові слова: Ракетні війська стратегічного призначення, бойове чергування, рухомий ґрунтовий ракетний комплекс, рухомий командний пункт, автономні машини бойового, технічного і побутового забезпечення особового складу стратегічних ракетних комплексів.

The recent advances in wearable technologies had caused a surge in the demand for stretchable Li-ion microbatteries. Herein, a special design based on micropillar electrodes supported on metallic serpentines has been investigated to achieve the fabrication of a functionning device. Besides achieving high areal capacity values like 2.5 ​mA ​h ​cm−2 at C/10 (i.e. 0.07 ​mA ​cm−2), the micropillars make the system reversibly stretchable. Electrochemical tests revealed excellent performance when the stretchable micropower source was subjected to different mechanical strains. Indeed, 73% of the capacity is retained over 100 cycles under 30% strain and all fatigue tests showed that capacity retention remain higher than 70%.

Experimentally we demonstrated the possibility of retrograde contamination of aerator kits, independent of special design, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In a real life setting contamination of aerator kits with typical environmental and water organisms occurred, whether they were changed after 6 or 12 weeks, so we recommend a risk adjusted rather than schedule-based changing regimen in hospitals, eg, if potential retrograde contamination might be a relevant factor in rooms occupied by patients with multiresistant gram-negative organisms.

This study focuses on explaining and understanding the physical factors which reinforced housing quality in urban communities in Ibadan Nigeria. It explained the different physical variables which prefigure housing quality. The study used a conceptual model which recognised nineteen building components consisting of special design features, safety features, building types, buildings orientation, buildings ages, wastes disposal methods and building forms among others. For the questionnaire survey, 985 (20%) respondents out of a total of 4,922 respondents in five randomly selected urban communities in Ibadan were systematically sampled. The information obtained from the survey revealed residents levels of perception of housing quality with their urban communities, which were analysed using Correlation and Relative Important Index. The significant levels of association were determined at either 0.05 or 0.01 probability levels. The results showed significant pearson’s correlation (r) among pairs of the twenty (20) identified relevant housing variables. The results suggested that these factors are stronger determinant of residents’ perception of housing quality. Consequently, closer consideration should be paid to this factor in the design and development of not only existing urban communities but also in the conceptualisation of new ones.

Extreme ground behaviour in high-stress rock masses such as rockburst prone and squeezing ground conditions are encountered in a range of underground projects both in civil and mining applications. The occurrence of such ground behaviour types are difficult to predict and special design and construction measures must be taken to control them. Determining the most appropriate support system in such grounds is one of the major challenges for ground control engineers because there are many contributing factors to be considered, such as the rock mass parameters, the stress condition, the type and performance of the support systems, the condition of major geological structures and the size and geometry of the underground excavation. The main characteristics and support requirements of rockburst-prone and squeezing ground conditions are herein critically reviewed and characteristics of support functions are discussed. Different types of energy-absorbing rockbolts and other support elements applicable for ground support in burst-prone and squeezing grounds are introduced. Important differences in the choice and economics of ground support strategies in high-stress ground conditions between civil tunnels and mining excavations are discussed. Ground support benchmarking data and mitigation measures for mines and civil tunnels in burst-prone, squeezing and heavily swelling grounds conditions are briefly presented by some examples in practice.

With the advantage of high surface-roughness tolerance, the pillar–concave Cu–Cu direct bonding without chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) is investigated in detail, including the mechanism of thermal compensation, analysis of roughness, bonding strength, and bonding reliability. With the special design of Cu bond structure, excellent bonding results can be achieved under low thermal budget (150 °C for 1 min, atmosphere) with even high roughness of bonding surface. In addition, the pillar–concave scheme applied to fan-out panel-level package (FOPLP) has been demonstrated, showing the high feasibility of this scheme to realize applications in heterogeneous integration.

The article publishes a series of bone (horn) girth buckles from the necropolis of the Rouran time of the Choburak-I archaeological complex, located in the Chemal district of the Altai Republic. The authors present a detailed description of the main morphological features of six well-preserved products which were found in four male (mounds №30a, 31, 32, 34a) and two female (mounds №32a, 34) burials with a riding horse. The classification of published girth buckles made it possible to divide them into three types. The dated analogies of the considered finds from the Altai complexes dating back to the 4th-5th centuries AD are presented. For the studied specimens, general and special design details were revealed in comparison with the already known girth buckles from other sites of the Bulan-Koby culture of Altai. It was established that products from the Choburak-I complex demonstrate the development of local modifications of items of the group in question during the period of the Rouran Khaganate. Published archaeological materials expand the source base for a comprehensive study of the equipment of the riding horse of the Altai population at the turn of late Antiquity and early Middle Ages.

여성과 남성의 활동패턴 차이를 고려한 스마트시티 정책이 요구되고 있으나, 현재 우리나라의 스마트시티 정책에서 젠더 관점은 거의 찾아볼 수 없으며 관련 연구도 전무하다. 본 연구는 스마트시티 정책을 펼쳐온 세종특별자치시의 ‘여성특별설계구역’인 2-2 생활권을 사례로, 성별에 따른 보행행태 및 인식의 차이를 분석하고, 젠더관점의 스마트시티 정책 방향을 제안하고자 하였다. 새롬동은 스마트시티 정책과 여성친화정책이 모두 적용된 지역으로 스마트시티 정책에서의 젠더관점을 확인해볼 수 있는 적절한 대상지로 선정되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 스마트시티에서 범죄예방 솔루션(CCTV, 스마트 가로등, 현장 비상벨, 야간조명 등)에 중점을 둔 한국 스마트시티의 계획 및 운영 체제를 검토하고, ‘여성특별설계구역’인 점을 감안하여 젠더관점을 통해 남녀 주민을 구분하여 스마트시티 보행환경 안전성을 어떻게 체감하는지 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과를 요약하면, 주민들은 여성특화권역과 스마트안전특화가로를 인지하고 있으며, 남성에 비해 여성이 두 배정도 높게 인지하고 있었다. 성별에 따른 보행빈도나 시간에 대한 차이가 미미하게 나타난 결과는 새롬동이 성별에 관계없이 안전한 보행환경이 조성되어 있음을 보여준다. 본 연구의 정책적 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 안전한 보행환경을 위한 구체적인 스마트 솔루션에서는 성별에 따른 인식차이를 보이는데, 여성은 남성과 비하여 수동적인 감시체계보다는 능동적인 안전시스템이 함께 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 보다 사람 중심적이고 양성평등한 스마트시티를 구축하기 위하여 스마트시티 정책과 여성친화도시 정책의 더욱 긴밀한 융합이 요구된다.

The feasibility of installation and performance of vertical ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems for heating and cooling of a typical 9000 m2 office building located in ten metropolitan cities with tropical and subtropical climates are investigated. The heating and cooling loads of the identical building in the ten cities are simulated using the EnergyPlus software. For each location, the design of the GSHP system is performed using the ground loop design (GLD) software, and the performance of the GSHP system is assessed. A multi-year cost analysis is also carried out to assess the feasibility of installation of GSHP systems from an economic point of view. It is found that GSHP systems may not be economically viable for the cities in tropical climates, particularly those near the equator, because of inefficient performance and high cooling demand. Thermal imbalance in soil caused by significantly greater cooling demand than heating demand may further exacerbate the system in tropical cities. However, the implementation of GSHP may turn into a feasible option for some of the tropical cities located near the Tropic of Cancer by adopting special design techniques or including additional hybrid energy sources. GSHP systems seem to be economically feasible and operationally efficient in the cities with subtropical climates where more balance between heating and cooling loads exist.

In this paper, mechanical losses in a hydraulic motor supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids having significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted using a special design (prototype) of a hydraulic satellite motor. The design of the satellite motor is presented. This motor was developed to supply both with water and mineral oil and features a non-circular tooth working mechanism. The paper also characterizes sources of mechanical losses in this motor. On this basis, a mathematical model of these losses has been developed and presented. The results of calculation of mechanical losses according to the model are compared with the experimental results. Experimental studies have shown that the mechanical losses in the motor supplied with water are 2.8 times greater than those in the motor supplied with oil. The work demonstrates that the mechanical losses in both the motor supplied with water and the one supplied with oil are described well by the mathematical model. It has been found that for the loaded motor working at high speed, the simulation results differ from experimental ones by no more than 3% for oil and 4% for water.

In this work, flower-like Bi2MoO6 nanoparticles grown on FTO substrates were firstly fabricated using a seed-free hydrothermal method. The Bi2MoO6 nanoflowers exhibited, to the best of our knowledge, higher photoelectrochemical (PEC) performances than other previously reported morphologies. It is generally accepted that the formation of type-I heterostructures is unfavorable for PEC applications. Nevertheless, in this work, we have successfully constructed a novel type-I architecture with numerous electron transport channels. In this unique Bi2MoO6/BiVO4 structure, BiVO4 films were continuously distributed on both the surfaces and the interstices of Bi2MoO6 nanoflowers. Interconnected BiVO4 nanoparticles could intimately contact with FTO substrates and thus constitute the electron transport channels, which could promptly transfer electrons to FTO substrates. Simultaneously, a cocatalyst of g-C3N4 was modified on the surfaces of BiVO4 to capture the photogenerated holes. As a result, the PEC activities of Bi2MoO6/BiVO4 heterostructures were significantly improved due to the enhanced charge carriers separation efficiency. The special design of electron transport channel may provide a universal strategy to address the intrinsic drawbacks of type-I heterostructures.

In China, a special anode design with a button in each stub hole is adopted by many smelters. To investigate the effects of the stub hole button on the anode, numerical simulations of the anode rodding process and the running process of the conventional anode without a stub hole button (design A) and the special design (design B) were conducted. In anode rodding, design B shows worse cooling capacity than design A, while the air gap of design B (0.39 mm to 0.94 mm) is larger than that of design A (0.3 mm to 0.45 mm). During the anode running process, the stub hole button could contact neither the cast iron nor the stub, and the anode voltage drop of design B is 26 mV larger than that of design A because the larger air gap deteriorates the cast iron–carbon contact. In conclusion, the stub hole button should be removed.

Remote monitoring with alerting systems becomes unavoidable in the field of remote healthcare. The efficiency of such a system depends on accuracy, easy-to-use, versatility, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, a remote cardiac health monitoring along with the alert raising facility is presented. Special design techniques have been adopted to craft the photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor to overcome the congenital limitations like pressure disturbance, the influence of ambient light and motion artifacts. Three key components like pulse rate (PR), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) are considered to monitor the cardiac health status. A novel algorithm has been developed to detect the cardiac health status of any subject from the above-mentioned physiological parameters. Also, the variation of human skin tone across demography is considered to minimize the impact of skin structure variability in PPG-based cardiac parameter measurement. Decentralized remote monitoring architecture is implemented using the virtual network computing (VNC) platform. We conducted a trial where the training dataset consisted of data from 70 volunteers and the trial dataset considered 20 new volunteers. The overall accuracy of cardiac health monitoring achieved is 98.5%. The experimental results demonstrate the good promise of reliable and efficient system architecture.

The authors are grateful to Mykola Borysovych Stepanov, Senior Researcher of the Special Design Bureau “Shtorm” of the National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, and Ivan Mykhailovych Vasylkevych, Candidate of Chemical Sciences, Senior Researcher, for their help during the research conduction, and for provision of scientific advisory support.

The study of many arthropod-borne pathogens requires high biosafety considerations, including the use of specialized facilities and equipment for arthropod containment. Mosquito- and tick-borne viruses such as yellow fever, West Nile, and Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever viruses require facilities that are suitable for housing vertebrates. Multidisciplinary studies that incorporate the vector, vertebrate, and pathogens are essential for a complete understanding of the interactions between these transmission cycle components, especially if they aim to evaluate and model relative susceptibilities of different arthropods and vertebrates to infection and transmission between these. Under laboratory conditions, these studies can be relatively simple, for example, involving colonized arthropods, small animals, and attenuated viruses. Other studies are complex with large animals, high-biocontainment pathogens, and field-collected arthropods. These require a higher level of containment and special design considerations. Both of these types of experiments have their relative merits. A thorough understanding of the issues related to these types of studies and the benefits and drawbacks to using various challenge models will enable the researcher to develop realistic goals for various experiments. This review examines the varied issues that should be considered prior to starting these experiments and covers the basics from the procurement of various arthropods, rearing, high-containment facilities and operational issues specific to work with arthropods, types of infection experiments, and specific issues with arthropod and animal experiments in biosafety levels 3 and 4.

Oil palm plantations on peatlands have a high acidity level and have an unstable soil structure. In the rainy season, the land surface tends to be slippery and stick to vehicle footwear or tires. While in the dry season, the soil is dry, flammable, and dusty, especially if it is passed by a four-wheeled vehicle with a significant weight and size. Farmers transport the harvest of palm fruit using a small size conveyance, a type of �arco� capacity 50-70 kg, plastic drum capacity 40-50 kg, and peninsula capacity 30-40 kg. The process of transporting palm fruit from harvest to the mill takes a long time, potentially harming farmers due to �restan fruit� (palm oil is loose from the stem). The leading cause is the conveyance that is used in small volumes and is done by human labor. Palm fruit to stay fresh arrived at the processing plant with a duration of no more than 2 x 24 hours, if late farmers experience a loss of 10-15% because the weight of the scales is shrinking. The innovation of traditional conveyance capacity 500-750 kg based on used materials has been carried out using a special design that takes into account the carrying capacity, labor, road conditions, and timeliness so that the fruit does not become �restan.� Farmers are much helped both in terms of energy, process (time), transport volume, and can be operated on peatlands in both the rainy or dry season.

In the present work, a new thermosyphon active solar still is presented and experimentally investigated. To propose a simple and reliable alternative for remote regions, evacuated tube solar collectors were used to adsorb solar energy, and an enhanced condenser was employed to increase the rate of distillate production. Taking advantage of a special design, in addition to the collector, water could be poured into the basin and/or condenser. Accordingly, four possible conditions of performance were studied in this work; BECE: empty basin empty condenser, BFCE: filled basin empty condenser, BECF: empty basin filled condenser, BFCF: filled basin filled condenser. Analysis of the results showed the BECE, BFCE, BECF and BFCF cases produced 10.22, 11.86, 15.25 and 16.98 kg/(m2. day) of distillate, respectively. Consequently, it was concluded that filling the condenser effectively decreased the condenser temperature (increased temperature difference between basin and condenser), and caused 46% increase of distillate production. However, filling the basin (increasing evaporation area) enhanced the distillate production by only 14%. In overall, filling both of the basin and condenser simultaneously increased distillate production around 66%. In addition, it was revealed that the efficiencies of BECE, BFCE, BECF and BFCF cases, were 28.2, 34.7, 43.9 and 49.9%, respectively.

Initial neutrons are produced by accelerator-driven neuron sources, and in order to gain various energy ranges to realize all kinds of applications of the neutrons, specially designed neutron sources are required. Therefore, in this research, a method for designing neutron sources with wanted energy ranges is developed. Through a special design of the structure and components of the materials of the neutron source, it is able to gain the intended neutrons. In the investigation, the method is first applied to an initial neutron source for gaining 0.025 eV to 1.0 eV neutrons, and the initial neutrons are produced by proton bombing the beryllium (Be) target, which is simulated by GEANT4. In the simulation, the thickness of moderator materials including polythene (PE), H2O, and CH4 is carefully designed for the neutron source, and since the multilayer and composite material has the potential of improving the neutrons, the structure and components of two models for complex materials are also devised accordingly. Finally, this method is applied to a compact neutron source (CANS) for gaining thermal neutrons.

Purpose: As the factors affecting the efficacy of the bare-metal stent in the treatment of aneurysm with a visceral vessel attached were not fully understood, we aimed to discuss the effects of different characteristics of the stent on the hemodynamics and flexibility in the treatment of the aneurysm. Methods: Single-layer (with different strut widths) and multi-layer (with a different number of struts) stent models divided into three porosity groups, with porosities of 72.3, 60.5, and 52.4%, were modeled for a comparison of their hemodynamic isolation and flexibility performance via computational fluid dynamics and finite element methods. Results: The velocity and timeaveraged wall shear stress decreased more noticeably with multi-layer stent interventions. A higher oscillatory shear index and relative residence time occurred at the aneurysmal sac wall after multi-layer stents were employed. Time-averaged wall shear stress on the aneurysmal wall decreased with an increase in the number of struts or a decrease in pore size, but oscillatory shear index and relative residence time increased as the number of struts increased or the pore size decreased. Besides, all stents affect the branch patency slightly. In the bending test, when the porosity exceeded 60.5%, multi-layer stents were more flexible. Conclusion: The number of struts or pore size of stent dominated the isolation in the management of the aneurysm and affected the flexibility significantly when the porosity was below 60.5%. These findings may contribute to the special design of the stent in the treatment of such types of aneurysms.

The development of information technologies in Ukraine in the second half of the twentieth century is considered. The so-called electronic period was represented by the rapid development of computer science centers in Lviv, Kyiv and Kharkiv. First of all, computer technology was used in the Space. On-board computers were created at enterprises and special design bureaus, and software for studying the Moon was developed. At the same time, equipment for submarines was developed. Special CS for intercontinental ballistic missiles and launch vehicles were developed too. The article presents which departments were created in universities and institutes and who headed them. It is noted that despite the rapid development of information technology in Ukraine, money for the installation of equipment, as well as proper software support was not allocated by the country's leadership. And this is the reason that our country, despite the rapid start in the development of information technology in the second half of the twentieth century, it lagged sharply behind other European countries at the end of the last century.

Many anti-vibration gloves are available in the market but there are lacks of understanding of their effectiveness in facilitating various hand movements. This study addresses the knowledge gap through a wear trial with five types of anti-vibration gloves made of chloroprene rubber and spacer fabric. Surface electromyography of three forearm muscles of 16 male subjects was conducted during gripping, key pinching, woodblock transporting, screw inserting and screw driving tasks. The correlation between the compression properties of the gloves and hand performance was also evaluated. The results show that hand dexterity is inhibited and more muscle activity is needed to carry the woodblocks with the spacer fabric glove without special design features. A thicker glove can reduce the demand of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle when using an impact driver. A thinner dorsal side and tailored padding can enhance hand dexterity. The findings can be used as a reference for designing anti-vibration gloves.

The boom of plant phenotype highlights the need to measure the physiological characteristics of an individual plant. However, continuous real‐time monitoring of a plant's internal physiological status remains challenging using traditional silicon‐based sensor technology, due to the fundamental mismatch between rigid sensors and soft and curved plant surfaces. Here, the first flexible electronic sensing device is reported that can harmlessly cohabitate with the plant and continuously monitor its stem sap flow, a critical plant physiological characteristic for analyzing plant health, water consumption, and nutrient distribution. Due to a special design and the materials chosen, the realized plant‐wearable sensor is thin, soft, lightweight, air/water/light‐permeable, and shows excellent biocompatibility, therefore enabling the sap flow detection in a continuous and non‐destructive manner. The sensor can serve as a noninvasive, high‐throughput, low‐cost toolbox, and holds excellent potentials in phenotyping. Furthermore, the real‐time investigation on stem flow insides watermelon reveals a previously unknown day/night shift pattern of water allocation between fruit and its adjacent branch, which has not been reported before., A plant‐wearable sensor in situ reveals water transport inside a plant. Due to a special design and the materials chosen, the realized plant‐wearable sensor is thin, soft, lightweight, air/water/light‐permeable, and shows excellent biocompatibility, therefore enabling detection in a continuous and non‐destructive manner.

This paper studies the consensus problem of hybrid multi-agent systems, where the multiple discrete-time and continuous-time dynamic individuals constitute a hybrid multi-agent group. Firstly, a hybrid event-triggered method is proposed. Under this method, the hybrid consensus can be achieved asymptotically. Besides, the Zeno-behavior of the hybrid multi-agent system will not make an appearance due to the special design of the hybrid event-triggered conditions. Then, a self-triggered algorithm is further proposed to avoid the continuous monitoring of event-triggered conditions. Finally, several simulation examples are presented which are comparative and show the effectiveness of the two method. Moreover, the impact of the parameters in the main results is analyzed.

In this study, the usability of ulexite and pinus brutia cone dust (PBCD) in friction composites were investigated experimentally. Polymer-matrix composite (PMC) samples were manufactured by powder metallurgy method. Produced samples with the same contents were compared with those of heat-treated. A special design friction tester was used to determine friction properties such as wear rate and friction coefficient. The results showed that ulexite and PBCD can be used as filler material in friction composites. The results also indicated that heat treatment improved the properties of the samples.

Features are considered for working conditions of slab CBCM tundishes on the example of the 27-ton unit of the oxygen-converter workshop of PAO Severstal’. Results are provided for mathematical modeling of hydrodynamics in a tundish with different turbulence dampers for the inlet stream. The designed, patented, and implemented metal receiver (brand REINSTREAM®) with a wavy inner surface is intended to improve continuously-cast billet quality, as well as providing increased stability and productivity due to the special design.

The special design features of transport-process lines for conditioned quartz sand used in the preparation of glass batch in batch plants are examined. Different variants of the schemes used to unload, store, and class a given raw material are presented. It is noted that additional separation of conditioned quartz sand containing random foreign impurities is necessary.

Simulated annealing is a stochastic local search method, initially introduced for global combinatorial mono-objective optimisation problems, allowing gradual convergence to a near-optimal solution. An extended version for multiobjective optimisation has been introduced to allow a construction of near-Pareto optimal solutions by means of an archive that catches nondominated solutions while exploring the feasible domain. Although simulated annealing provides a balance between the exploration and the exploitation, multiobjective optimisation problems require a special design to achieve this balance due to many factors including the number of objective functions. Accordingly, many variants of multiobjective simulated annealing have been introduced in the literature. This paper reviews the state of the art of simulated annealing algorithm with a focus upon multiobjective optimisation field.

Graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials have emerged as promising materials for future optoelectric applications. However, low detectivity of two-dimensional materials based photodetector inhibits their application. Here, we report a lateral graphene/MoS2/graphene (GMG) heterostructure photodetector which was synthesized by chemical vapor disposition (CVD). Electrical measurement shows that on/off ratio is up to 10 6 and two opposing Schottky junctions are connected in a series. Photocurrent mapping indicates that the Schottky junctions formed by graphene and MoS2 are the core part of the device, where photoexcited electron-hole pairs are spontaneously and rapidly separated. The responsivity is more than 2 × 10 3 m A / W and the maximum specific detectivity is as high as 10 13 J o n e s , respectively. This special design for the 2D materials based photodetector with high detectivity gives great potential for future application in nano-optoelectronic devices.

Self-powered electrofluorochromic devices (EFCDs) have attracted particular attention for smart windows of green buildings. In this work, we report a perovskite solar cell (PSC) driven self-powered EFCD. For the first time, electrochromic material polyoxometalates (POMs) and a fluorescent component are made into wet adhesives. A special design feature is that POMs and magnesium composed a battery powering the EFCD bleaching, and the device can be quickly coloured after connecting with the PSCs by the electrical power generated through solar energy conversion. Therefore, without any additional external bias, the fabricated EFCD undergoes an electrochromic transition from white semitransparent to dark blue-tinted, and under UV it presents reversible fluorescence switching between yellow and dark.

This contribution reviews the applications of click chemistry reactions in design and synthesis of various macromolecular architectures that hold key aspects in polymer science. By considering the emerging concepts that shape how synthetic polymer chemistry and macromolecular engineering utilize ‘reactions’ in ‘fabrication’, in the last decade, the click chemistry methodologies have been pioneered the chemical approaches that allow to access diverse complex macromolecules. The common and leading features of click chemistry reactions rely on efficient, fast, selective and easy to implement chemical transformations giving very high to quantitative coupling efficiencies. These are essential virtues that provide triumphing in macromolecular engineering, since the building blocks are usually large polymer chains. For the efficient building of complex macromolecules via click reactions, properly functionalized polymers are key components in which special design is required to successful installation of ‘clickable’ reactive groups on polymer end groups or side chains. In this report, the synthetic methods encompassing various click chemistry reactions in fabrication and applications of a range of complex macromolecular architectures have been reviewed.

An action plan presented here is the plan toward construction of a Demo reactor in Japan. A Task-force for development strategy of Tokamak Demo Reactors was established and has considered an action plan to construct the Demo in the 2040s. The action plan will lead works in a Joint Special Design Team for Fusion Demo established for design and R&D of the Demo reactor in Japan. Although the first version of action plan was reported in March 2016, a revised version, presented here, is being drafted in order to correspond to the new schedule of the ITER project agreed in 2016, because the ITER progress is one of critical issues in the action plan.

The paper describes the application of long short-term memory (LSTM) for air pollution forecasting. LSTM is a special design of deep structure recurrent neural networks, which is very well suited for the prediction of the sequences of data. This work investigates its properties in the task of the short-time one-hour ahead and the one day ahead prediction of air pollutants such as PM10, SO2, NO2, and ozone in Warsaw, Poland. The results of numerical investigations have shown very good accuracy in online prediction, exceeding the corresponding values obtained at the application of feedforward neural structures.