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PURPOSE Predictive biomarkers to identify patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)���positive breast cancer who may benefit from targeted therapy alone are required. We hypothesized that early measurements of tumor maximum standardized uptake values corrected for lean body mass (SULmax) on [ 18 F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography would predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab (PT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with stage II/III, estrogen receptor���negative, HER2-positive breast cancer received four cycles of neoadjuvant PT. [ 18 F]Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed at baseline and 15 days after PT initiation (C1D15). Eighty evaluable patients were required to test the null hypothesis that the area under the curve of percentage of change in SULmax by C1D15 predicting pCR is less than or equal to 0.65, with a one-sided type I error rate of 10%. RESULTS Eighty-eight women were enrolled (83 evaluable), and 85% (75 of 88) completed all four cycles of PT. pCR after PT alone was 34%. Receiver operating characteristic analysis yielded an area under the curve of 0.76 (90% CI, 0.67 to 0.85), which rejected the null hypothesis. Between patients who obtained pCR versus not, a significant difference in median percent reduction in SULmax by C1D15 was observed (63.8% v 33.5%; P, .001), an SULmax reduction greater than or equal to 40% was more prevalent (86% v 46%; P, .001; negative predictive value, 88%; positive predictive value, 49%), and a significant difference in median C1D15 SULmax (1.6 v 3.9; P, .001) and higher proportion of C1D15 SULmax less than or equal to 3 (93% v 38%; P, .001; negative predictive value, 94%; positive predictive value, 55%) were observed. CONCLUSION Early changes in SULmax predict response to four cycles of PT in estrogen receptor���negative, HER2-positive breast cancer. Once optimized, this quantitative imaging strategy may facilitate a more tailored approach to therapy in this setting.

This chapter reviews the state of knowledge concerning personality development and psychopathology, as well as their mutual influence. Although these separate constructs are currently well documented, the research area concerning their interconnection is complex and is in need of more sophisticated research methods to investigate the questions at stake. This chapter will elaborate on some of these points by integrating them in a conceptual model of personality and psychopathology. First, the latest advances in the fields will be reviewed, focusing on personality, psychopathology, and context. Second, based on this knowledge, a conceptual integrative model will be proposed with the aim to better understand personality–psychopathology associations across the life span, as well as to achieve a better integration of personality assessment in the diagnostic process. To end with, this chapter will bring up some pending questions in the domain that should be addressed in future research.Keywords: Personality development; psychopathology; FFM; consequential outcomes; reciprocal effects