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Scrutiny of more than 100 years of archaeological research in the central-eastern part of the Iberian peninsula has made it possible to document 1.445 settlements belonging to the Early Bronze Age (c. 2200-1550 BCE). The present work uses the information on the location, extension, duration and geographic distribution of these settlements to identify the population dynamics in force in an area of 177.444 km2 over approximately seven centuries. This analysis shows that the distribution and location of the settlements were the result of social strategies that involved the “castling” and atomization of communities, surely in a context of more or less latent conflicts and violence. The causes of this socio-political situation ‒ which is exceptional in the context of the Early Bronze Age of Europe and the Mediterranean ‒ are examined in the light of the profound environmental and social changes identified around the 23rd and 16th centuries BCE in many regions of Europe and the Near East, as well as in relation to the expansive and disruptive development of El Argar in the southeast of the Iberian peninsula., El escrutinio de más de 100 años de investigación arqueológica en el cuadrante centro-oriental de la península ibérica ha permitido documentar 1.445 asentamientos pertenecientes a la primera Edad del Bronce (c. 2200-1550 ANE). El presente trabajo utiliza la información sobre el emplazamiento, la extensión, la duración y la distribución geográfica de estos lugares de hábitat para identificar las dinámicas de poblamiento vigentes en un espacio de 177.444 km2 a lo largo de aproximadamente siete siglos. Este análisis pone de manifiesto que la distribución y la localización de los asentamientos fueron el resultado de estrategias sociales que pueden definirse como de “enrocamiento” y “atomización” de las comunidades, seguramente en un contexto de conflictos y violencia más o menos latentes. Las causas de esta situación sociopolítica –que resulta excepcional en el contexto del Bronce Antiguo de Europa y el Mediterráneo– se examinan a la luz de los profundos cambios ambientales y sociales identificados alrededor de los siglos XXIII y XVI ANE en muchas regiones de Europa y Próximo Oriente, así como en relación con el desarrollo expansivo y disruptivo de El Argar en el sudeste de la península ibérica.

Depuis 40 ans, l’aménagement du territoire a contribué à la prolifération d’approches globalisantes qui tentaient d’intégrer les réalités morcelées apportées par l’archéologie préventive. Les disciplines géohistoriques ont donné des réponses qui ont permis d’installer l’espace et le territoire au centre des problématiques patrimoniales de conservation et d’aménagement du territoire. Au fil du temps, les textes des Nouvelles de l’archéologie permettent d’apprécier l’évolution de ces disciplines et le changement de paradigme patrimoniale qui marque la fin de la Modernité. The planning of the territory in the last 40 years has contributed to the proliferation of global perspectives that allow us to propose a global interpretation of the partial realities exhumed through the works of preventative archeology. Geohistoric disciplines have provided answers that have allowed us to place space and territory at the centre of the cultural heritage problems of conservation and spatial planning. The selected texts appeared in Nouvelles de l’archéologie allow us to appreciate the evolution of these disciplines and the change in heritage paradigm that arises with the end of Modernity.

Cet article fait le point sur le Néolithique de la haute vallée de Vilaine et de la vallée de la Seiche, en incluant celle du Blosne, toutes trois situées à l’est de la Bretagne, au cœur du Massif armoricain. À cette occasion, plusieurs découvertes sont signalées : quelques indices du Villeneuve-Saint-Germain, une possible sépulture type Passy, un lieu d’extraction de microgranite et de façonnage de hache dans ce matériau daté du Néolithique final, de nombreuses lames de hache largement inédites, etc. La mise en contexte environnementale dans une dynamique chronologique permet de montrer que les données disponibles s’inscrivent largement dans ce que l’on connaît aux marges du Massif armoricain avec une augmentation du nombre de gisements dans la dernière phase du Néolithique et une pression toujours croissante sur l’environnement. Le tout permet surtout de voir en creux l’étendue de ce que l’on ne sait pas et de dessiner des projets pour l’avenir. This paper reviews the Neolithic of the upper Vilaine valley and the Seiche valley, including the Blosne valley, all three located in eastern Brittany, in the heart of the Armorican Massif. Discoveries include some evidence of Villeneuve-Saint-Germain sites, a possible Passy-type burial site, a microgranite extraction site and an axe fashioned from this material, dating to the Final Neolithic, and numerous mostly unpublished axe blades. The environmental context in a chronological dynamic shows that the available data are largely in line with what is known at the margins of the Armorican Massif, with an increase in the number of deposits in the last phase of the Neolithic and ever-increasing pressure on the environment. Above all, it allows us to see the extent of what we do not know and to draw up plans for the future. Dieser Beitrag stellt den aktuellen Forschungsstand zum Neolithikum im oberen Tal der Vilaine und im Tal der Seiche dar. Dabei wird auch das Tal der Blosne miteinbezogen. Alle drei Flusstäler befinden sich im Osten der Bretagne, im Herzen des amorikanischen Massivs. Bei dieser Gelegenheit sind mehrere Neuentdeckungen mitzuteilen: einige Hinweise auf eine Besiedlung der Villeneuve-Saint-Germain-Kultur (VSG), eine mögliche Grabanlage vom Typ Passy, eine Fundstelle, an der Mikrogranit gewonnen wurde und die Herstellung von Beilen aus diesem Material, die ins Spätneolithikum datiert werden, sowie zahlreichen Beilklingen, die bisher weitgehend unbekannt waren, etc.Die Zuordnung zu einem Umweltkontext und die entsprechende chronologische Einordnung konnten zeigen, dass die verfügbaren archäologischen Daten weitgehend dem entsprechen, was man bisher aus den Randgebieten des amorikanischen Massivs kennt, insbesondere eine Zunahme der Siedlungsfundstellen in der letzten Phase des Neolithikums sowie einen zunehmenden Druck auf die natürlichen Umweltverhältnisse. Alles zusammengenommen erlauben diese neuen Erkenntnisse, deutlicher wahrzunehmen, was wir derzeit alles noch nicht wissen und daraus künftige Forschungsprojekte zu entwickeln. Este artículo hace un balance sobre el Neolítico en la cuenca alta del río Vilaine y del Seiche incluyendo la del Blosne, todas situadas en el este de Bretaña, en el corazón del macizo Armoricano. En este contexto, se señalan varios hallazgos: algunos indicios del período Villeneuve-Saint-Germain, una posible tumba de tipo Passy, una cantera de microgranito y un taller de fabricación de hachas del mismo material, atribuidos al Neolítico final, numerosas hachas inéditas, etc. El estudio del contexto medioambiental desde una perspectiva cronológica permite demostrar que los datos disponibles se insertan en el conocimiento actual de los márgenes del macizo Armoricano, con un aumento del número de yacimientos en la última fase del Neolítico y una presión creciente sobre el medioambiente. Este balance permite sobre todo apreciar las lagunas y proponer proyectos para el futuro.

Петров Николай Федорович – старший лаборант отдела археологии, этнографии, современной и исторической экологии Учебно-научного центра изучения проблем природы и человека, Челябинский государственный университет (Челябинск), e-mail: flexible_bullet@mail.ru. ORCID 0000-0003-1312-4363. Nickolay F. Petrov – Senior laboratory assistant of Department of Archeology, Ethnography, Modern and Historical Ecology, Educational and Scientific Center for the Research of Nature and Human Problems, Chelyabinsk State University (Chelyabinsk), e-mail: flexible_bullet@mail.ru Статья характеризует историю изучения археологических памятников долины реки Синташта со второй половины XX века по настоящее время. Данная работа проводится в рамках осуществления задачи по диагностированию пространственной модели расселения людей в эпоху бронзы. С целью выявить территориальные и методологические пробелы в исследованиях и оценить качественный аспект изученности памятников были проанализированы отчеты по результатам полевых работ и публикации полученного материала. Научные отчеты были сгруппированы по типу произведенных археологических работ: разведки, проводившиеся преимущественно в пределах территорий, попавших в зону хозяйственного освоения, и раскопки поселений и могильников. На основании указанных в отчетах топографических описаний с разной степенью точности проведено картографирование памятников эпохи бронзы в долине Синташты. Были использованы результаты полевых обследований последних лет, проведенных археологическими отрядами государственного заповедника «Аркаим» и ЧелГУ в рамках определения границ объектов культурного наследия, изучения укрепленного поселения Комсомольское и переобследования ранее открытых памятников. Полученная картина наглядно демонстрирует зоны интенсивных исследований и неизученные участки реки. Сопоставление опубликованных интерпретаций изученных объектов позволило описать несколько основных дискуссионных сюжетов, таких как проблема трактования Большого синташтинского кургана и элементов фортификации укрепленных поселений. В результате работы были определены перспективные направления дальнейшего исследования: повторный осмотр ряда объектов, информация о которых является недостаточно полной и достоверной, а также проведение сплошного разведочного обследования неизученных локаций долины. The research focuses on the history of the study of archaeological sites of the Sintashta river valley from the second half of 20th century to the present. This research is carried out within the framework of the implementation of the project aimed at diagnosing the spatial model of human settlement in the Bronze Age. In order to identify territorial and methodological gaps in the research and to assess the qualitative aspect of the study of sites, the reports on the results of field works and publications of the obtained material were analyzed. The scientific reports were classified according to the type of archaeological work performed: exploration, which was conducted mainly in the territories within the economic development zone, and excavation of settle-ments and burial grounds. Based on the topographic descriptions indicated in the reports, mapping of Bronze Age sites in the Sintashta valley was carried out with varying degrees of accuracy. The researcher used the recent results of field surveys conducted by archaeological teams of the State Reserve «Arkaim» and Chelyabinsk State University within the framework of determination of the cultural heritage sites’ boundaries, study of the Komsomolskoye fortified settle-ment and reexamination of previously discovered sites. The data obtained clearly demonstrate the areas of intensive research and unexplored sections of the river. A comparison of the published interpretations of the studied sites allowed describing several principal controversial issues, such as the problem of interpreting the Great Sintashta mound and the elements of strengthening the fortified settlements. As a result of the work, prospective directions for further research were determined, i.e. re-examination of a number of objects, information about which is not sufficiently complete and reliable, as well as conducting a complete exploration survey of noninvestigated locations in the valley.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Luiz_Phellipe_Silva_de_Lima.pdf: 12193280 bytes, checksum: 5bfc494cb141b0dae667196fc798ad92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-11-25 Esta dissertação tem como propósito ser um estudo unificado dos sítios em abrigos e grutas com sepultamentos no contexto da arqueologia Jê do Sul. A partir da revisão bibliográfica de 51 jazigos arqueológicos e os dados levantados sobre eles, tratando-os como uma unidade, as cronologias desses cemitérios foram analisadas em comparação à ocupação Jê do Sul. Criei mapas para realizar análises espaciais e da paisagem desses sítios através do geoprocessamento. Realizo analogias etnográficas para entender o contexto dos artefatos nas práticas funerárias. E, por último, identifico como esses sítios e suas paisagens configuram e materalizam as cosmologias Kaingang e Laklãnõ. Esses grupos supracitados são os descendentes diretos desse passado arqueológico. A análise cronológica e espacial indica que, no período anterior ao ano 1000 A.D., esses cemitérios estão concentrados na região da borda oriental do Planalto Meridional, configurando uma prática Jê do Sul oriental, que são os ancestrais diretos dos Kaingang e Laklãnõ e, indica também que, após 1000 A.D. há a dispersão desses grupos, demonstrado pelos sítios arqueológicos, rumo ao ocidente do território. Aparecem nesses vestígios do período posterior a 1000 A.D. mudanças nas práticas funerárias, como: o aparecer do fogo e da cerâmica no contexto mortuário. Conforme os estudos espaciais e da paisagem, verifiquei que em 88% dos casos há cascatas, rios ou arroios in situ ou próximos, demonstrando a agência dessas paisagens e a intencionalidade na busca por esses fatores na paisagem para configurar o lugar como cemitério. Ao estudar as cosmologias Jê do Sul, em relação aos Kaingang, o contexto dos abrigos e das grutas presentifica a morada de Kamé e Kanhru, seus heróis mitológicos e fundadores, além de serem também fronteiras sociais entre os vivos e os mortos, assim como representam entradas para o nügme, mundo dos mortos Kaingang. A água materializa as águas diluviais e da morte, que, principalmente, mataram Kamé e Kanhru no dilúvio mítico. Este contexto na paisagem também presentifica os fundadores Laklãnõ: as grutas e os abrigos materializam os klẽdo, que saíram da montanha, enquanto as cascatas e os rios materializam os vãjẽky, que saíram da água. This dissertation aims to be a unified study of the burial caves and rock shelters sites in the Southern Jê archaeological context. Based on the bibliographic review of 51 archaeological sites and the data collected about them, treating them as a unit, the chronologies of these cemeteries were analyzed in comparison to the Southern Jê occupation. I created maps to perform spatial and landscape analyzes of these sites through geoprocessing. I make ethnographic analogies to understand the contexto of artifacts in the funerary practices. And, finally, I identify how these sites and their landscapes configure and materialize the Kaingang and Laklãnõ cosmologies. These aforementioned groups are the direct descendants of that archaeological past. The chronological and spatial analysis indicates that, in the period before the year 1000 A.D., these cemeteries are concentrated in the region of the eastern edge of the Southern Plateau, configuring a eastern Southern Je practice, which are the direct ancestors of the Kaingang and Laklãnõ people, and also that after 1000 A.D. there is the dispersion of these groups, demonstrated by the archaeological sites, towards the West of the territory. In these vestiges of the period after 1000 A.D., changes in funeral practices appear, such as: the appareance off ire and ceramics in the mortuary contexto. According to the spatial and landscape studies, I found that in 88% of the cases there are waterfalls, rivers or streams in situ or nearby, demonstrating the agency of these landscapes and the intentionality in the search for these factors in the landscape to configure the place as a cemetery. When studying the Southern Jê cosmologies, in relation to the Kaingang, the context of the rock shelters and caves presents the home of Kamé and Kanhru, their mythological and founding heroes, in addition to being also social boundaries social boundaries between the living and the dead, as well as gates to the nügme, Kaingang world of the dead. The water materializes the flood and death waters, which mainly killed Kamé and Kanhru in the mythical flood. This contexto in the landscape also represents the Laklãnõ founders: the caves and rock shelters materializes the klẽdo, who left the mountain, while the waterfalls and rivers materialize the vãjẽky, who left the water.

International audience; In archaeology, movement is often studied on the basis of evidence for specific roads, which implicitly structures our understanding of the settlement system. Conversely, spatial analysis of regional settlement systems, based on locations, also tends to structure our understanding of movement. However, when it comes to studying the development or transformation of a landscape, this dichotomy makes our reasoning circular. Does a crossroads emerge from the habitat or is the habitat located at the crossroads because it is an opportunity for development? By favouring an approach to mobility that is based on the analysis of movement practices of human or non-human agents, two international projects, MoveScape and Redes andinas, work on a methodological approach in which various conceptions of space experienced by societies can be associated to movement, and that incorporates material traces that are traditionally not integrated into the study of movement.; La arqueología de los antiguos sistemas de movilidad se basa generalmente en el estudio de vías específicas, las cuales son relacionadas implícitamente al patrón de asentamiento regional. Recíprocamente, la aproximación a partir de los patrones de asentamiento tiende a condicionar a priori nuestra visión de los flujos de movilidad. Esta dicotomía tiende a producir razonamientos circulares que no contribuyen al estudio de la morfogénesis de los territorios. Este problema puede resumirse en una simple pregunta: los cruces de caminos se desarrollan en función de los sistemas de asentamiento, o bien condicionan la estructuración de estos sistemas? À partir de protocolos de análisis de vestigios arqueológicos de prácticas de movilidad de agentes (humanos y no-humanos) en distintas regiones, los proyectos MoveScape y Redes andinas están desarrollando una metodología para modelizar los procesos de estructuración entre sistemas de movilidad y asentamiento, en el tiempo largo.; En archéologie, la mobilité est souvent étudiée à partir de voies spécifiques structurant implicitement notre compréhension du système de peuplement. À l’inverse, l’approche spatiale des systèmes de peuplement régionaux, fondée sur les lieux, tend à structurer notre vision des flux de circulation. Or, lorsqu’il s’agit de comprendre comment un paysage s’est développé ou transformé, cette dichotomie rend notre raisonnement circulaire. Le carrefour se développe-t-il à partir de la distribution de l’habitat ou l’habitat choisit-il le carrefour comme opportunité de développement ? En privilégiant une approche de la mobilité basée sur l’analyse des pratiques de déplacement des agents humains ou non humains, deux projets internationaux, MoveScape et Redes andinas, travaillent sur une approche méthodologique visant à associer au mouvement différentes conceptions de l’espace vécu par les sociétés et mobilisant des traces matérielles, classiquement non intégrées dans l’étude des flux de circulation.

Thirty years of diligent practice in preventive archaeology in Lorraine have enable to build up a database that can be used for many archaeological issues that are predominantly spatial. The Inrap-AFAN archives of all operations constitute the data stock. The study of settlement dynamics over the long term comes directly from the Archaeomedes project, but mainly with data from preventive archaeology. The Lorrain geographic perimeter focuses on six test areas. This is a reasonable scale, which should allow us to estimate the feasibility for a broader analysis. The period is that of the “longue durée”, from the Neolithic to the constitution of the village network of the second Middle Ages. The data created are thus homogeneous and can be processed through statistical and spatial processing. The study therefore endeavours to place the archaeological occupations through their dynamics of creation, development and abandonment, in their landscaped and geological environment. Cross-referencing this information provides preferential long-term settlement trajectories, Trente années de pratique assidue d’archéologie préventive en Lorraine ont constitué un stock de données que l’on peut utiliser pour de nombreuses problématiques archéologiques à dominante spatiale. Le stock est constitué des archives Inrap-AFAN de toutes les opérations. L’étude des dynamiques de peuplement est directement issue des travaux du projet Archaeomedes, mais principalement avec les données de l’archéologie préventive. Le périmètre géographique lorrain se focalise sur six zones test. C’est une échelle raisonnable qui doit nous permettre d’estimer la faisabilité d’une analyse plus large. Le cadre temporel, lui, est celui de la longue durée, du Néolithique à la constitution du réseau villageois du second Moyen Âge. Les données constituées sont homogènes et peuvent être traitées en masse à travers un traitement statistique et spatial. L’étude s’attache donc à replacer les occupations archéologiques à travers leurs dynamiques de création, développement et abandon, dans leur environnement paysager et géologique. Le croisement de ces informations fournit des trajectoires d’implantations préférentielles dans la longue durée.

The results of 2007–2016 archaeological excavations of Tara and historical materials on the town planigraphy in the period under consideration gave birth to this work. The study made it possible to reconstruct the history of the territorial development of the town from its foundation until the adoption of an unified urban plan in 1775. The survey allowed to identify the principles of foundation and development of a Siberian Russian city at the end of XVII–XVIII centuries. During the work, we tried to determine the importance of such factors as defenses, availability of transit routes, fire safety, etc. for the development. In the course of excavations at Tara fortress, archaeologists from the Omsk Branch of Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS excavated about 1500 m2 of the cultural stratum with a capacity of 2 m and more. We received information about different aspects of the culture of Tara population at the end of the XVI–XVIII centuries, including about the fortress planigraphy and conditions of its streets. Furthermore, considering the geographical features of the location of Tara stronghold, the authors have studied the roads leading to it. The article presents the results of these works considering the roads leading to Tara fortress from different angles, transitions across the rivers that surrounded it, Tara streets, transformation of planigraphy of the fortress in the late XVIII century. Tara fortress was built with the use of natural barriers. From the West, it was well protected by a marsh and a river. From the East, the road to the castle was complicated by the Irtysh floodplain and the Arkarna River's tributaries. There were only three roads to get to the city, which were covered by the towers of the fortress. Nowadays, these roads turned into streets and are used to travel more often than others located between them. By the end of the XVIII century, Tara had gradually become one of the most comfortable and clean town in Siberia. The town dealt with fires, and arrangements for drainage of wetlands solved the problem of mud at Tara streets. In general, the system of roads leading to Tara started to develop since the fortress was established, correct geometric planigraphy of the town began to take shape in the second half of the eighteenth century, taking into account the existing road. At the same time, indiscriminate housing development disappeared and improvement of the streets began.

International audience; As part of a study focusing on the settlement strategies of farming communities, a spatial model is developed in order to overcome the repartition map’s biases. This model integrates as parameters the state of archaeological investigation, the taphonomical processes and an attractiveness criterion. The aim of the model is to understand which parameters influence the establishement of settlements as well as the conservation and discovery of their remains. Although this model has a few limitations, it produces new results that are detailed through the case study of the Kochersberg region in Alsace (Grand-Est, France).; Dans le cadre d’une étude portant sur les stratégies d’implantation des communautés agricoles, un modèle spatial est développé afin de mieux intégrer les biais de la carte de répartition des sites connus. Les paramètres inclus dans la modélisation sont l’état de la recherche archéologique, les processus post-déposition et un critère d’attractivité. L’objectif de ce modèle est de mieux comprendre quels facteurs favorisent l’implantation, la conservation, la découverte des vestiges et in fine la carte de répartition des sites archéologiques. Malgré quelques limites inhérentes à l’exercice de la modélisation spatiale, le modèle produit de nouveaux résultats qui sont détaillés via un exemple concernant la micro-région du Kochersberg en Alsace (Grand-Est, France).

En esta Tesis Doctoral se propone un protocolo metodológico que permita la comprensión de las dinámicas de formación de un yacimiento, a partir de la combinación de técnicas espaciales ya empleadas en arqueología con otras aplicadas en otras disciplinas como la geología o la ecología. Para ello, se han llevado a cabo análisis centrados en el estudio de las estratigrafías y la reconstrucción de las paleosuperficies, así como de los patrones de acumulación y dispersión de los restos recuperados. A través de la aplicación de diferentes herramientas SIG, análisis de datos a partir de la estadística inferencial y de las fábricas, se han obtenido resultados que han permitido contrastar estos métodos para el estudio de varios yacimientos paleolíticos de diversa índole, cronología y contexto, como los datos procedentes de los yacimientos al aire libre de Ambrona (Soria) y Aranbaltza II (Bizkaia), y del yacimiento en cueva de Amalda (Gipuzkoa), This PhD proposes a methodological protocol that allows the understanding of the dynamics in the site formation processes, from the combination of spatial analysis techniques already used in archaeology with methods applied in other disciplines, such as geology or ecology. To do this, it has been carried out some analysis focused in the study of stratigraphies and the reconstruction of the palaeosurfaces, as well as in the accumulation and dispersion patterns of the materials recovered. Through the application of different GIS tools, as well as the analysis of data based on inferential statistics and fabrics, we have obtained results that have allowed us to verify these methods for the study of several Palaeolithic sites of diverse chronology and context, such as the open-air sites of Ambrona (Soria) and Aranbaltza II (Bizkaia), and the cave site of Amalda (Gipuzkoa).

Este artículo tiene como objetivo reconocer el trabajo pionero de Emili Junyent y Vicente Baldellou en el estudio microespacial de la vivienda ibérica de Mas Boscà. La metodología empleada de excavar en extensión todo el espacio doméstico, con registro espacial de cada uno de los objetos localizados, permitió dar una interpretación socioeconómica de los ocupantes de la casa. El análisis realizado sobre las veintidós ánforas ibéricas indica la elaboración de vino en territorio layetano previo a la ocupación romana. La presencia de vajilla de lujo y de ánforas de origen púnico y grecoitálico muestra la existencia de una economía excedentaria. Esta investigación supone un enfoque teórico y metodológico distinto del desarrollado por la conocida como Arqueología Espacial, donde debe encuadrarse. Este nuevo paradigma de la investigación arqueológica fue desarrollado por Clarke a partir de la metodología de la Geografía Locacional, lo que da lugar a que de las tres escalas de análisis espacial establecidas se aplique esencialmente a la macro o superior, centrada en los estudios de ocupación del territorio. The objective of this article is to acknowledge the pioneering work of Emili Junyent and Vicente Baldellou in the micro-spatial study of an Iberian dwelling excavated near Mas Boscà. The open-area excavation method applied to this domestic space, recording the precise position of all of the artefacts, allowed advancing a socioeconomic interpretation of the dwelling’s occupants. The findings of the study of 22 Iberian amphorae suggest the production of wine in Laietani territory prior to the Roman occupation. In addition, the presence of luxury tableware and amphorae of Punic and Greco-Roman origin evidences the existence of a surplus economy. This study supposes a theoretical and methodological approach differing from other well-known methods in the framework of Spatial Archaeology. This new paradigm of archaeological research was developed by Clarke based on the methods of Locational Geography. This gives place to essentially applying the macro or higher of the three scales of spatial analysis centring on studies of territorial occupation.

The Navalmaíllo site is a karstic rockshelter located in a mountain environment near the Lozoya river. The location of the site allows for the close monitoring of the surrounding area, for following the migrations of animals and for the temporary residence of human groups. The difficulties associated with estimating the time span of occupational processes at archaeological sites raise the problem of the synchrony and diachrony of occupations that form palimpsests. Archaeostratigraphy has revealed the integrity of the sedimentary deposit, how it has been affected by both natural agents (falling boulders and the conservation of the site) and human agents (the excavation method). The deformation of the plastic deposit is reflected in the archaeostratigraphy, but the two periods of occupation identified have been preserved and were not largely affected. The archaeostratigraphic approach has resulted in the identification of some of the taphosedimentary aspects of Layer F and in the deciphering of the cultural palimpsest, establishing the cultural sequence of occupations at the Navalmaíllo site., El yacimiento de Navalmaíllo es un abrigo kárstico localizado en un entorno de montaña cerca del río Lozoya. La ubicación del yacimiento permite un control del entorno, siguiendo las migraciones de animales y para el establecimiento temporal de los grupos humanos. Las dificultades asociadas con la temporalidad relacionada con los procesos ocupacionales de los yacimientos, desvelan la problemática vinculada a la sincronía y diacronía de las ocupaciones que componen los palimpsestos. La arqueoestratigrafía ha permitido conocer la integridad del depósito, y cómo se ha visto afectado por procesos naturales (la caída de bloques y la conservación del yacimiento) y humanos (el método de excavación). La deformación del depósito plástico ha quedado reflejada en la arqueoestratigrafía, pero los dos periodos de ocupación identificación han quedado preservados y apenas se han visto afectados por esta caída de bloques. El enfoque arqueoestratigráfico ha permitido la identificación de algunos de los aspectos tafosedimentarios del nivel F y desgranar el palimpsesto cultural, estableciendo la secuencia cultural de ocupaciones en el yacimiento de Navalmaíllo.

National audience; Depuis les années 1970, les archéologues utilisent la télédétection aérienne ou par satellite pour repérer des sites archéologiques mais aussi des structures paysagères anciennes encore visibles à la surface de la terre. La télédétection appliquée à l’archéologie n’a donc rien de révolutionnaire, néanmoins les évolutions technologiques depuis les années 2000 ont profondément modifié le rapport des archéologues à ce domaine d’étude. Couplée au développement des systèmes d’information géographique (SIG) et aux techniques de géolocalisation de plus en plus performantes, la télédétection n’est plus une pratique uniquement réservée à quelques spécialistes mais s’est largement diffusée. Au-delà des aspects proprement technologiques, cela a engendré une véritable révolution conceptuelle car les SIG et la télédétection modifient le point de vue des archéologues sur les territoires et paysages du passé.

This paper focuses on the spatial distribution of Late Bronze Age stelae in two geographical areas from Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula in order to test many of the hypotheses which have been proposed according to their possible functionality as territorial markers. An evaluation has been made according to the possible relation between the distribution of these monuments and some geographical and archaeological variables. The results obtained have been very useful to test some of the existing interpretations from a spatial approach and to evaluate the limitations of the present information and of the spatial analysis carried out., En este artículo se analiza la distribución espacial de las estelas de la Edad del Bronce Final en dos zonas del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica con el fin de contrastar algunas de las hipótesis que se han defendido sobre su posible función como hitos o marcadores territoriales. Se evalúa la posible relación entre la distribución de estos monumentos y determinadas variables geográficas y arqueológicas. Los resultados obtenidos han sido de gran utilidad para valorar la validez de algunas de las hipótesis defendidas, así como las carencias y limitaciones de la información disponible y de los análisis espaciales llevados a cabo.

Comparatively few weapons have been found in settlements of the Iron Age in the Iberian Peninsula. We analyze the methodological problems posed by the study of these contexts in comparison with cemetery fi nds, where most weapons have been found. Using the spatial distribution of weapons in a representative sample of Iberian Iron Age oppida and settlements, we show that there is not a concentration of fi nds in aristocratic houses or special buildings that we could identify as arsenals or magazines. Both in big settlements and small fortifi ed hamlets the available evidence points towards a generalized access to weapons by free men, land owners, a pattern that fi ts well with information given by a number of quite specifi c Graeco-Roman literary sources, and that matches information gleaned from grave goods.Conocemos comparativamente pocas armas procedentes de poblados en la Edad del Hierro en la Península Ibérica en la Edad del Hierro. Se plantean los problemas metodológicos que plantea el estudio en estos contextos en comparación con las necrópolis, de donde proceden la mayoría de las armas conocidas. A través del análisis de la distribución de armas en una serie representativa de yacimientos ibéricos se aprecia que no hay una concentración en casas aristocráticas o recintos especiales habilitados como arsenales. Tanto en grandes yacimientos como en recintos pequeños la dispersión habitual apunta en la Segunda Edad del Hierro hacia un acceso generalizado de las armas por parte de los habitantes libres propietarios, situación que coincide con la que plantean las fuentes literarias y se deduce de los ajuares funerarios. [fr] Nous connaissons comparativement peu d’armes provenant de sites d’habitat de l’âge du Fer dans la péninsule Ibérique. Ce travail met en évidence les diffi cultés méthodologiques que présente l’étude de ce mobilier dans de tels contextes, par comparaison avec les nécropoles dont proviennent la majorité des armes répertoriées. À partir de l’analyse de la distribution spatiale des armes dans une série représentative de sites ibères, on constate que celles-ci ne se concentrent pas dans l’habitat aristocratique ou dans des édifi ces spécialisés tels que des arsenaux. Aussi bien dans les grands que dans les petits sites fortifi és, la documentation suggère plutôt un accès généralisé des hommes libres et des propriétaires aux armes. Cette situation correspond tout à fait à celle que l’on déduit des sources littéraires gréco-romaines comme des pratiques funéraires.