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Chile's agricultural sector has dramatically expanded and diversified both production and exports in the past 30 years. Previously reliant on annual crops and wool, it is now a strong competitor in international fruit markets, apples and table grapes especially. Its success stems from a shift in consumption toward fruits and vegetables, natural resources suitable for fruit production, and government policies that encouraged farmers to switch to fruit. The industry is now moving toward production and export of pears, peaches and other stone fruit, as well as berries and melons, in addition to apples and table grapes. In diversifying with non-traditional crops, Chilean producers reduce risk.

This report presents the results of an econometric analysis of two U.S. overseas pear markets, Canada and Sweden, and explores competition among the major importers into these markets. The results indicate that the United States will increase its pear exports to Canada if Canada expands its pear imports, and U.S. import share will increase slightly in Sweden. Mexico is a third primary market for U.S. pears but involves little competition, since the United States is virtually Mexico's only supplier

World fresh vegetable trade increased more than fourfold between 1962 and 1982. The major trading areas include virtually the entire world- Latin America, the United States, Canada, the European Community, the Middle East, the Far East, Africa, and the non-EC Western European nations. An Armington-type model is constructed here to represent the forces driving world vegetable trade and their relative stregnths between regions. The parameter estimates are then used to simulate the effets of the US-Canadian Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on fresh vegetable trade between the countries. Results indicated that aggregate national vegetable demand in both countries will show larger increases with enactment of the trade agreement than without its enactment.

A Rotterdam import allocation model is used to fit import data for fresh apples in four importing markets important to U.S. apple exporters. Nested tests rejected homotheticity but could not reject homogeneity, symmetry, or separability among import suppliers. A Monte Carlo test rejected first-order autocorrelation in each market. Expenditure and price elasticities are calculated and reported.

This paper presents new econometric evidence concerning the variation of fresh apple prices in the US market as a function of fluctuations in supplies from seven major US and non-US supply areas. The Rotterdam inverse demand system recently developed by Barten and Bettendorf is used in the analysis. The results show that the impact on prices stemming from a change in overall quanitities of fresh apples varies widely across supply regions. The price of Washington apples would suffer a market drop with a rise in total quantity. The analysis also suggests taht Chile's entrance into the US apple market has had a negligible impact on prices.

This report presents the results of an econometric analysis of four U.S. overseas orange markets and explores competition in Canada, the European Community (EC), Singapore, and Hong Kong. The results indicate that the United States will increase its orange exports to these markets if they expand their orange imports. U.S. import share will increase significantly in Singapore and moderately in Canada and Hong Kong, and it will either not quite or just barely be maintained in the EC.

This report presents the results of an econometric analysis of four U.S. overseas apple markets and explores competition in Canada, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. The results indicate that the United States will increase its apple exports to these markets as they grow. However, U.S. import share will increase only slightly in Hong Kong and in the United Kingdom, while the share in the other two markets—Canada and Singapore—will either not quite, or just barely, be maintained. The results also show that the growth of Chile as a major world supplier of apples has not changed the U.S. competitive position in these markets. In Hong Kong, the U.S. competitive position has improved more because of the exit of China as a major apple supplier than it has declined because of the entry of Chile.

World fresh vegetable trade increased more than fourfold between 1962 and 1982. The major trading areas include virtually the entire world- Latin America, the United States, Canada, the European Community, the Middle East, the Far East, Africa, and the non-EC Western European nations. An Armington-type model is constructed here to represent the forces driving world vegetable trade and their relative stregnths between regions. The parameter estimates are then used to simulate the effets of the US-Canadian Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on fresh vegetable trade between the countries. Results indicated that aggregate national vegetable demand in both countries will show larger increases with enactment of the trade agreement than without its enactment.