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2. Ecosystem science: zooplankton ecology and biology

Author

Ashjian, C.J., Sakinan, S., Spahic, S., Alatalo, P., Atkinson, A., Campbell, R., Castellani, G., Flores, H., Gelfmann, C., Havermans, Charlotte, Hildebrandt, N., Niehoff, Barabara, Schaafsma, F.L., Schmidt, K., Shoemaker, K., Ashjian, C.J., Sakinan, S., Spahic, S., Alatalo, P., Atkinson, A., Campbell, R., Castellani, G., Flores, H., Gelfmann, C., Havermans, Charlotte, Hildebrandt, N., Niehoff, Barabara, Schaafsma, F.L., Schmidt, K., and Shoemaker, K.

Published
2023

5. Physical properties of sea ice cores for biogeochemistry studies measured on legs 1 to 3 of the MOSAiC expedition

Author

Angelopoulos, M., Damm, E., Simões Pereira, P., Abrahamsson, K., Bauch, D., Bowman, J., Castellani, G., Creamean, J., Divine, D., Dumitrascu, A., Eggers, L., Fong, A., Fons, S., Gradinger, R., Granskog, M., Grosse, J., Haapala, J., Haas, C., Hoppe, C., Høyland, K., Immerz, A., Kolabutin, N., Krumpen, T., Lei, R., Marsay, C., Maus, S., Nicolaus, M., Nubom, A., Oggier, M., Olsen, L., Rember, R., Ren, J., Rinke, A., Sachs, T., Sheikin, I., Shimanchuk, E., Spahic, S., Stefels, J., Stephens, M., Torres-Valdés, S., Torstensson, A., Ulfsbo, A., Verdugo, J., Wang, L., Wischnewski, L., and Zhan, L.

Abstract

We present sea ice temperature and salinity data from first-year ice (FYI) and second-year ice (SYI) relevant to the temporal development of sea ice permeability and brine drainage efficiency from the early growth phase in October 2019 to the onset of spring warming in May 2020. Our dataset was collected in the central Arctic Ocean during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in 2019 to 2020. MOSAiC was an international transpolar drift expedition in which the German icebreaker RV Polarstern anchored into an ice floe to gain new insights into Arctic climate over a full annual cycle. In October 2019, RV Polarstern moored to an ice floe in the Siberian sector of the Arctic at 85 degrees north and 137 degrees east to begin the drift towards the North Pole and the Fram Strait via the Transpolar Drift Stream. The data presented here were collected during the first three legs of the expedition, so all the coring activities took place on the same floe. The end dates of legs 1, 2, and 3 were 13 December, 24 February, and 4 June, respectively. The dataset contributed to a baseline study entitled, Deciphering the properties of different Arctic ice types during the growth phase of the MOSAiC floes: Implications for future studies. The study highlights downward directed gas pathways in FYI and SYI by inferring sea ice permeability and potential brine release from several time series of temperature and salinity measurements. The physical properties presented in this paper lay the foundation for subsequent analyses on actual gas contents measured in the ice cores, as well as air-ice and ice-ocean gas fluxes. Sea ice cores were collected with a Kovacs Mark II 9 cm diameter corer. To measure ice temperatures, about 4.5 cm deep holes were drilled into the core (intervals varied by site and leg) . The temperatures were measured by a digital thermometer within minutes after the cores were retrieved. The ice cores were placed into pre-labelled plastic sleeves sealed at the bottom end. The ice cores were transported to RV Polarstern and stored in a -20 degrees Celsius freezer. Each of the cores was sub-sampled, melted at room temperature, and processed for salinity within one or two days. The practical salinity was estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity and temperature of the melted samples using a WTW Cond 3151 salinometer equipped with a Tetra-Con 325 four-electrode conductivity cell. The practical salinity represents the the salinity estimated from the electrical conductivity of the solution. The dataset also contains derived variables, including sea ice density, brine volume fraction, and the Rayleigh number.

Published
2022

6. Physical properties of sea ice cores from site MCS_FYI measured on legs 1 to 3 of the MOSAiC expedition

Author

Angelopoulos, M., Abrahamsson, K., Bauch, D., Bowman, J., Castellani, G., Creamean, J., Damm, E., Divine, D., Dumitrascu, A., Eggers, L., Fong, A., Fons, S., Gradinger, R., Granskog, M., Grosse, J., Haapala, J., Haas, C., Hoppe, C., Høyland, K., Immerz, A., Kolabutin, N., Krumpen, T., Lei, R., Marsay, C., Maus, S., Nicolaus, M., Nubom, A., Oggier, M., Olsen, L., Rember, R., Ren, J., Rinke, A., Sachs, T., Sheikin, I., Shimanchuk, E., Simões Pereira, P., Spahic, S., Stefels, J., Stephens, M., Torres-Valdés, S., Torstensson, A., Ulfsbo, A., Verdugo, J., Wang, L., Wischnewski, L., and Zhan, L.

Abstract

We present sea ice temperature and salinity data from first-year ice (FYI) and second-year ice (SYI) relevant to the temporal development of sea ice permeability and brine drainage efficiency from the early growth phase in October 2019 to the onset of spring warming in May 2020. Our dataset was collected in the central Arctic Ocean during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in 2019 to 2020. MOSAiC was an international transpolar drift expedition in which the German icebreaker RV Polarstern anchored into an ice floe to gain new insights into Arctic climate over a full annual cycle. In October 2019, RV Polarstern moored to an ice floe in the Siberian sector of the Arctic at 85 degrees north and 137 degrees east to begin the drift towards the North Pole and the Fram Strait via the Transpolar Drift Stream. The data presented here were collected during the first three legs of the expedition, so all the coring activities took place on the same floe. The end dates of legs 1, 2, and 3 were 13 December, 24 February, and 4 June, respectively. The dataset contributed to a baseline study entitled, Deciphering the properties of different Arctic ice types during the growth phase of the MOSAiC floes: Implications for future studies. The study highlights downward directed gas pathways in FYI and SYI by inferring sea ice permeability and potential brine release from several time series of temperature and salinity measurements. The physical properties presented in this paper lay the foundation for subsequent analyses on actual gas contents measured in the ice cores, as well as air-ice and ice-ocean gas fluxes. Sea ice cores were collected with a Kovacs Mark II 9 cm diameter corer. To measure ice temperatures, about 4.5 cm deep holes were drilled into the core (intervals varied by site and leg) . The temperatures were measured by a digital thermometer within minutes after the cores were retrieved. The ice cores were placed into pre-labelled plastic sleeves sealed at the bottom end. The ice cores were transported to RV Polarstern and stored in a -20 degrees Celsius freezer. Each of the cores was sub-sampled, melted at room temperature, and processed for salinity within one or two days. The practical salinity was estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity and temperature of the melted samples using a WTW Cond 3151 salinometer equipped with a Tetra-Con 325 four-electrode conductivity cell. The practical salinity represents the the salinity estimated from the electrical conductivity of the solution. The dataset also contains derived variables, including sea ice density, brine volume fraction, and the Rayleigh number.

Published
2022

7. Physical properties of sea ice cores from site MCS-SYI measured on legs 1 to 3 of the MOSAiC expedition

Author

Angelopoulos, M., Abrahamsson, K., Bauch, D., Bowman, J., Castellani, G., Creamean, J., Damm, E., Divine, D., Dumitrascu, A., Eggers, L., Fong, A., Fons, S., Gradinger, R., Granskog, M., Grosse, J., Haapala, J., Haas, C., Hoppe, C., Høyland, K., Immerz, A., Kolabutin, N., Krumpen, T., Lei, R., Marsay, C., Maus, S., Nicolaus, M., Nubom, A., Oggier, M., Olsen, L., Rember, R., Ren, J., Rinke, A., Sachs, T., Sheikin, I., Shimanchuk, E., Simões Pereira, P., Spahic, S., Stefels, J., Stephens, M., Torres-Valdés, S., Torstensson, A., Ulfsbo, A., Verdugo, J., Wang, L., Wischnewski, L., and Zhan, L.

Abstract

We present sea ice temperature and salinity data from first-year ice (FYI) and second-year ice (SYI) relevant to the temporal development of sea ice permeability and brine drainage efficiency from the early growth phase in October 2019 to the onset of spring warming in May 2020. Our dataset was collected in the central Arctic Ocean during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) Expedition in 2019 to 2020. MOSAiC was an international transpolar drift expedition in which the German icebreaker RV Polarstern anchored into an ice floe to gain new insights into Arctic climate over a full annual cycle. In October 2019, RV Polarstern moored to an ice floe in the Siberian sector of the Arctic at 85 degrees north and 137 degrees east to begin the drift towards the North Pole and the Fram Strait via the Transpolar Drift Stream. The data presented here were collected during the first three legs of the expedition, so all the coring activities took place on the same floe. The end dates of legs 1, 2, and 3 were 13 December, 24 February, and 4 June, respectively. The dataset contributed to a baseline study entitled, Deciphering the properties of different Arctic ice types during the growth phase of the MOSAiC floes: Implications for future studies. The study highlights downward directed gas pathways in FYI and SYI by inferring sea ice permeability and potential brine release from several time series of temperature and salinity measurements. The physical properties presented in this paper lay the foundation for subsequent analyses on actual gas contents measured in the ice cores, as well as air-ice and ice-ocean gas fluxes. Sea ice cores were collected with a Kovacs Mark II 9 cm diameter corer. To measure ice temperatures, about 4.5 cm deep holes were drilled into the core (intervals varied by site and leg) . The temperatures were measured by a digital thermometer within minutes after the cores were retrieved. The ice cores were placed into pre-labelled plastic sleeves sealed at the bottom end. The ice cores were transported to RV Polarstern and stored in a -20 degrees Celsius freezer. Each of the cores was sub-sampled, melted at room temperature, and processed for salinity within one or two days. The practical salinity was estimated by measuring the electrical conductivity and temperature of the melted samples using a WTW Cond 3151 salinometer equipped with a Tetra-Con 325 four-electrode conductivity cell. The practical salinity represents the the salinity estimated from the electrical conductivity of the solution. The dataset also contains derived variables, including sea ice density, brine volume fraction, and the Rayleigh number.

Published
2022

8. Physiology, growth, and development of larval krill Euphausia superba in autumn and winter in the Lazarev Sea, Antarctica

Author

Meyer, B., Fuentes, V., Guerra, C., Schmidt, K., Atkinson, A., Spahic, S., Cisewski, B., Freier, U., Olariaga, A., Bathmann, U., Meyer, B., Fuentes, V., Guerra, C., Schmidt, K., Atkinson, A., Spahic, S., Cisewski, B., Freier, U., Olariaga, A., and Bathmann, U.

Abstract

The physiological condition of larval Antarctic krill was investigated during austral autumn 2004 and winter 2006 in the Lazarev Sea. The condition of larvae was quantified in both seasons by determining their body length (BL), dry weight (DW), elemental and biochemical composition, stomach content analysis, and rates of metabolism and growth. Overall the larvae in autumn were in better condition under the ice than in open water, and for those under the ice, condition decreased from autumn to winter. Thus, growth rates of furcilia larvae in open water in autumn were similar to winter values under the ice (mean, 0.008 mm d(-1)), whereas autumn under-ice values were higher (0.015 mm d(-1)). Equivalent larval stages in winter had up to 30% shorter BL and 70% lower DW than in autumn. Mean respiration rates of winter larvae were 43% lower than of autumn larvae. However, their ammonium excretion rates doubled in winter from 0.03 to 0.06 mu g NH4 DW-1 h(-1), resulting in mean O:N ratios of 46 in autumn and 15 in winter. Thus, differing metabolic substrates were used between autumn and winter, which supports a degree of flexibility for overwintering of larval krill. The larvae were eating small copepods (Oithona spp.) and protozoans, as well as autotrophic food under the ice. The interplay between under-ice topography, apparent current speed under sea ice, and the swimming ability of larval krill is probably critical to whether larval krill can maintain position and exploit suitable feeding areas under the ice.

Published
2009

10. Traditional and Non-traditional Lipid Profiles in Bosnian Patients with Probable Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia.

Author

Zaciragic A, Valjevac A, Dervisevic A, Fajkic A, Spahic S, Jadric R, Hasanbegovic I, and Lepara O

Subjects
Humans, Cholesterol, LDL, Triglycerides, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, Alzheimer Disease diagnosis, Dementia, Vascular diagnosis
Abstract

Background: Conflicting data exist on traditional lipid profiles in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD), whereas scarce number of studies evaluated non-traditional lipid profiles in patients with AD and VD. Studies have shown that ethnic background may affect lipid profile., Objective: The aim of the present study was to conduct comparative assessment of traditional and non-traditional lipid profiles in Bosnian patients with AD and VD., Methods: A controlled, cross-sectional study was performed with 66 patients with AD, 50 patients with VD, and 60 control subjects. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test was used for an evaluation of the global cognitive function. The Hachinski ischemic score was used to distinguish patients with VD from those with AD. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein -cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) levels were determined using standard enzymatic colorimetric techniques, whereas the Friedewald formula was used to calculate low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The non-traditional lipid indices such as TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were separately calculated. The differences between the groups were analyzed with ANOVA followed by the Tuckey posthoc test or with the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test., Results: Results of the present study have shown that patients in AD group had significantly lower level of TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, Non-HDL-C and significantly lower atherogenic index compared to the control group (CG) and compared to the VD patients. Significant difference in values of TG and VLDL-C was observed between VD and the CG, whereas no significant difference in values of TC, LDL-C, atherogenic index and Non-HDL-C was observed between these two groups. Our results have also shown that TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios were significantly lower in AD patients compared to the VD and CG. Moreover, TG/HDL-C ratio was significantly lower in VD compared to the CG. However, a significant difference in TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C was not observed between VD and the CG., Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study it can be deduced that there is a difference in traditional and non-traditional lipid profiles between AD and VD patients of Bosnian descent. Obtained results suggest that lipids are decreased in AD and in VD to a certain extent. However, since there is an inconsistence in literature whether there is an association between cholesterol and cognition, large prospective studies are required to elucidate this controversy., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 Asija Zaciragic, Amina Valjevac, Amela Dervisevic, Almir Fajkic, Selma Spahic, Radivoj Jadric, Ilvana Hasanbegovic, Orhan Lepara.)

Published
2022
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11. Difference in the Standard and Novel Lipid Profile Parameters Between Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia Stratified by the Degree of Cognitive Impairment.

Author

Zaciragic A, Dervisevic A, Valjevac A, Fajkic A, Spahic S, Hasanbegovic I, Jadric R, and Lepara O

Abstract

Background: Lipids and lipoproteins are significantly involved in maintaining structural and functional components of the human brain and neurons, but their role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) remains unclear., Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the differences in the standard and novel lipid profile parameters in patients with AD and VD, stratified by the degree of cognitive impairment (CI)., Methods: Present study included 66 patients with AD, 50 patients with VD, and 60 control subjects. For an evaluation of the global cognitive function the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test was used. In order to distinguish patients with VD from those with AD the Hachinski ischemic score was used. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein -cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) levels were determined using standard enzymatic colorimetric techniques, whereas the Friedewald formula was used to calculate low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The non-traditional lipid indices such as TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were separately calculated. The differences between the groups were analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test or with ANOVA followed by the Tuckey posthoc test., Results: Results of the conducted study have found that the patients in AD group with moderate CI and patients in AD group with severe CI exhibited significantly lower levels of serum TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, Non- HDL-C, atherogenic index, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C compared to cognitively normal control subjects. Moreover, patients in VD group with severe and moderate CI had significantly lower level of TG compared to control group of subjects. Our results have also shown that patients in AD group with moderate CI had significantly lower level of TC, TG, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, atherogenic index, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C compared to VD patients with moderate CI. In addition, patients in AD group with severe CI had significantly lower level of TC, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C and TC/HDL-C compared to VD patients with severe CI., Conclusion: The results of this study have shown dysregulation of lipid metabolism in AD and VD patients with different degree of CI. In both moderate and in severe CI, patients with AD had lower levels of majority of standard and novel lipid parameters compared to patients with VD. Further larger prospective studies are required to elucidate the accuracy of standard and novel lipid parameters in the assessment of different degree of CI in AD and VD., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 Asija Zaciragic, Amela Dervisevic, Amina Valjevac, Almir Fajkic, Selma Spahic, Ilvana Hasanbegovic, Radivoj Jadric, Orhan Lepara.)

Published
2022
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12. Tuberculosis outbreak among high school students in Novi Pazar, Serbia 2016: a retrospective-cohort study.

Author

Stosic MB, Plavsa D, Mavroeidi N, Jovanovic D, Vucinic V, Stevanovic G, Sagic L, Spahic S, Rakic U, and Grgurevic A

Subjects
Adolescent, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Schools, Serbia epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks, Students, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Tuberculosis epidemiology
Abstract

Introduction: Between February and November 2016, 17 tuberculosis (TB) cases were identified among high school students in Novi Pazar, Serbia. The objectives of our study were to describe the outbreak, to identify potential risk factors and to evaluate the applied control measures., Methodology: The outbreak was described by time, person and place. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Attack rates, unadjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Multiple log-binomial regression analysis was performed to calculate adjusted RR., Results: Sixteen of the total 17 cases occurred among grade 3 students, AR 5.5%. Previous TB family history, (RR = 5.29; 95% CI = 1.63-17.12), spending time with a known TB case at school (RR = 5.38; 95% CI = 1.48-19.55) and exposure to secondhand smoke (RR = 3.37; 95% CI = 1.11-10.29) were all significantly and independently associated with the occurrence of TB., Conclusions: Delayed diagnosis and reporting resulted in delayed initiation of the contact investigation and non-identification of latent TB cases probably favored the occurrence of this outbreak in a low incidence country. Public health authorities should consider revising the existing guidelines, promoting inter-sectorial collaboration and increasing awareness of public health professionals., Competing Interests: No Conflict of Interest is declared, (Copyright (c) 2019 Maja B Stosic, Dragana Plavsa, Nikoletta Mavroeidi, Dragana Jovanovic, Violeta Vucinic, Goran Stevanovic, Lidija Sagic, Sefadil Spahic, Uros Rakic, Anita Grgurevic.)

Published
2019
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13. Tuberculosis outbreak in a grammar school, Serbia, 2016.

Author

Ilic M, Spahic S, Spahic M, Spahic O, Ilic I, and Tiodorovic B

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Delayed Diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug effects, Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolation & purification, Serbia epidemiology, Tuberculosis diagnosis, Tuberculosis microbiology, Disease Outbreaks, Schools, Tuberculosis epidemiology
Abstract

Serbia has a low incidence of tuberculosis (TB), with a decreasing trend in the last decade. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe an outbreak of TB infection that occurred in 2016 among students of a grammar school in Novi Pazar. A 17-year-old girl, third-grade student of a grammar school (the index case), was diagnosed with smear-positive tuberculosis. Contact investigation was conducted, including chest X-ray examinations of over 1100 persons. After the index case was detected, a total of 16 (10 pulmonary and 6 extrapulmonary) tuberculosis patients were newly diagnosed during 2016. Among 11 culture positive cases, MIRU-VNTR method revealed that all Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were identical. Diagnostic delay contributed to the transmission of infection.

Published
2019
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14. Assessment of Reporting, Attitudes and Knowledge About the Stab Incidents and Professional Risk of Viral Infection among Health Care Professionals in Primary Health Care.

Author

Becirovic S, Pranjic N, Sarajlic-Spahic S, Ahmetagic S, and Huseinagic S

Abstract

Conflict of Interest: none declared., Goal: The goal of the research is to determine the relationship between frequency and reporting of stab incidents, attitudes and knowledge about stab incidents and occupational risk for transmission of viral infection with HBV, HCV or HIV among health care professionals employed in primary health care., Material and Methods: Conducted is prospective, cross-section study by questionnaires in 2012. The survey included health professionals in Primary Health Care Center in Tuzla. The final sample has 131 respondents (85% women). Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical package SPSS version 20.0., Results: The prevalence rate of stab incidents throughout their career in our study was 66%; while the rate of reported incidents was 4.83 ˜ 5 times lower than the actual prevalence. In 49 out of 87 cases this was a case of hollow needle prick. The most common causes of stab incidents are the time pressure, unforeseen reactions of patients and lack of concentration., Conclusion: Stab incidents are often not reported in in developing countries. Training in order to raise awareness and knowledge about the problem, proper procedures, good organization of work and anti-stress program, safer disposal, conducting prophylaxis before and after exposure monitored by the relevant institutions of occupational medicine should contribute to solving this problem.

Published
2013
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