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144 results on '"Spadaro, Angelo"'

4. Restoration of herbivory on Caribbean coral reefs : are fishes, urchins, or crabs the solution?

Author

Butler, Mark J., Duran, Alain, Feehan, Colette J., Harborne, Alastair R., Hykema, Alwin, Patterson, Joshua T., Sharp, William C., Spadaro, Angelo Jason, Wijers, Tom, Williams, Stacey M., Butler, Mark J., Duran, Alain, Feehan, Colette J., Harborne, Alastair R., Hykema, Alwin, Patterson, Joshua T., Sharp, William C., Spadaro, Angelo Jason, Wijers, Tom, and Williams, Stacey M.

Abstract

That coral reefs are in decline worldwide, particularly in the Caribbean, will come as no surprise. This decades-long decline has reached a potential tipping point as the weight of the effects of climate change have come decidedly to bear on the planet’s most diverse marine ecosystem. Whether coral reefs can persist without restorative intervention is debatable, which has prompted a surge in coral reef restoration projects focusing primarily on the cultivation and transplantation of coral fragments onto degraded reefs. But that widespread approach does little to address the underlying causes of coral loss, one of which is the proliferation of macroalgae that are deleterious to corals. An emerging solution to this problem is the enhancement of herbivory on coral reefs through improved management of herbivores, artificial enhancement of herbivore settlement, or their mariculture and subsequent stocking. This review explores the nuances of the biology of well-studied Caribbean coral reef herbivores (fishes, sea urchins, and crabs) as it relates to their mariculture and investigates the promise of herbivore stocking onto coral reefs as a restoration strategy. Fish, urchin, and crab herbivores differ appreciably in life histories, which confers advantages and disadvantages with respect to their mariculture and effectiveness as grazers. Mariculture of herbivorous marine fish for reef restoration is essentially non-existent so the reestablishment of grazing fish abundance on coral reefs focuses primarily on their protection through fishery regulations, but only at a few locations in the Caribbean. Mariculture of herbivorous urchins and crabs for restoration purposes is in its infancy, but promising especially for crabs whose larval rearing is less difficult. Perhaps the biggest challenge for the mariculture of either taxon is “scaling-up” from research settings to large-scale mariculture needed for stocking. Numerous studies extol the benefits of functional redundancy and

Published
2024

7. Different In Silico Approaches Using Heterocyclic Derivatives against the Binding between Different Lineages of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2

Author

Sipala, Federica, primary, Cavallaro, Gianfranco, additional, Forte, Giuseppe, additional, Satriano, Cristina, additional, Giuffrida, Alessandro, additional, Fraix, Aurore, additional, Spadaro, Angelo, additional, Petralia, Salvatore, additional, Bonaccorso, Carmela, additional, Fortuna, Cosimo Gianluca, additional, and Ronsisvalle, Simone, additional

Published
2023
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8. Effects of vitamin B12 on the corneal nerve regeneration in rats

Author

Romano, Maria Rosaria, Biagioni, Francesca, Carrizzo, Albino, Lorusso, Massimo, Spadaro, Angelo, Micelli Ferrari, Tommaso, Vecchione, Carmine, Zurria, Monia, Marrazzo, Giuseppina, Mascio, Giada, Sacchetti, Benedetto, Madonna, Michele, Fornai, Francesco, Nicoletti, Ferdinando, and Lograno, Marcello Diego

Published
2014
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13. Sexual dimorphism, allometry, and size at first maturity of the caribbean king crab, Mithrax spinosissimus, in the Florida keys

Author

Baeza, J. Antonio, Anderson, Joshua R., Spadaro, Angelo J., and Behringer, Donald C.

Subjects
Aquaculture industry -- Research, King crabs -- Research -- Physiological aspects, Animal development -- Research, Biological sciences, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

ABSTRACT The Caribbean King crab Mithrax spinosissimus is the largest brachyuran found in the western Atlantic and it supports subsistence and small commercial fisheries throughout the Caribbean and Gulf of [...]

Published
2012
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18. Pharmacological properties and biochemical mechanisms of MOR ligands might be due to different binding poses. MD Studies

Author

Ronsisvalle, Simone, Federica, Panarello, Spadaro, Angelo, Franchini, SILVIA GIUSEPPINA, Pappalardo, Matteo, Guccione, Salvatore, and Basile, Livia

Subjects
opioid receptor, MOR, allosteric site, orthosteric site, molecular dynamics, molecular modeling, benzo-morphans, MOR, molecular modeling, benzo-morphans, allosteric site, opioid receptor, orthosteric site, molecular dynamics
Published
2020

19. Cryptic Herbivorous Invertebrates Restructure the Composition of Degraded Coral Reef Communities in the Florida Keys, Florida, USA

Author

Spadaro, Angelo Jason

Abstract

Coral reefs have been on a trajectory of decline for nearly a century due to a variety of factors that have contributed to the shift in these communities away from dominance by reef-building corals, with commensurate changes on community composition and function. Florida’s reefs are a compelling example of a degraded system that has undergone a phase shift, and thus offered an excellent model system for my study of the effects of grazing by cryptic herbivores on community composition and their potential restoration value. I had four major objectives: (1) determine the suitability of Maguimithrax spinosissimus for manipulating grazing intensity on reefs (Chapter 2); (2) test the effect of increasing M. spinosissimus density on the abundance and distribution of macroalgae (Chapters 2 & 3); (3) test the effect of enhanced grazing and reduced algae cover on composition of the reef fish community (Chapter 2 & 3); and (4) compare the grazing of multiple species of Mithracid crabs with that of M. spinosissimus (Chapter 4). I found that M. spinosissimus are amenable to density manipulation and, at sufficient density, their effect on benthic macroalgae is deleterious. M. spinosissimus exhibited a high degree of philopatry on patch reefs, and that crabs >30mm carapace length reach a size refuge from predation and experience lower mortality. Reef fish abundance and species richness were also greater on reefs with high crab density than on controls. Manipulated reefs had higher densities of juvenile corals than did controls. This study is uncommon in that I replicated the experiment at another location and time. Those results (Chapter 3) confirmed those described in Chapter 2 and demonstrate the broader applicability of my findings. In Chapter 4, I describe an experiment where I discovered that M. spinosissimus consumed more algae than any of the three other species of Mithraculus tested; but, when scaled for biomass, the relationship was reversed. There was no effect of multiple individuals on algae consumption except in treatment groups that included both Mithracid genera. These studies demonstrate the potentially transformative, and often overlooked, effect of cryptic invertebrates on patterns of reef community composition and function.

Published
2019
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22. Neuroprotective effects of Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-injured human neural-like cells.

Author

Zappalà, Agata, Vicario, Nunzio, Calabrese, Giovanna, Turnaturi, Rita, Pasquinucci, Lorella, Montenegro, Lucia, Spadaro, Angelo, Parenti, Rosalba, and Parenti, Carmela

Subjects
ROSEMARY, NEUROPROTECTIVE agents, ELLAGIC acid, CELL communication, GLUCOSE, MEMBRANE permeability (Biology)
Abstract

Rosmarinus officinalis L. (RO), an aromatic plant used as food condiment and in traditional medicine, exerts numerous beneficial properties including antioxidant, analgesic and neuroprotective effects. Onset and progression of homeostatic imbalances observed in the early phases of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, have been associated with a gap junction (GJ)-dependent increased membrane permeability and alterations of connexins (Cxs), including Cx43. Here, we evaluate spray-dried RO extract (SDROE)-mediated effects on cell viability, apoptosis and Cx43-based intercellular communication using human SH-SY5Y neuron-like and human A-172 glial-like cells in an in vitro model of oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) injury. We found that SDROE exerts a protective action in OGD-injured cells, increasing cell viability and metabolic turnover and decreasing Cx43-based cell coupling. These data suggest that SDROE-mediated Cx43 reduction may be the molecular basis for its beneficial effects to be exploited for preventive treatment against the risk of some neurodegenerative disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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