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This paper examines underexplored police photographs of Chinese migrants in Korea under Japanese colonial rule, with a focus on architectural spaces. In 1940, a secret anti-Japanese association known as Ildonghoe was established by a group of Chinese migrants in the Korean city of Incheon. Following the arrest of its members in 1943, Japanese colonial authorities documented with photographs locations and objects related to the organization's activities. This investigation serendipitously created a photographic archive of architectural spaces in and around Incheon's Chinatown, many of which have since disappeared. The paper sheds light upon these police photographs as an "accidental archive," a repository of historical materials that gives rise to unintended outcomes with critical information about certain events, places, and moments. The paper pays particular attention to the peculiarity of police photographs as a form of happenstance yet significant documentation capturing historical moments that might otherwise remain elusive. Reading against the grain of colonial archives, this paper shows how the Ildonghoe photographs invite viewers to envision a different narrative of the racial relations forged under colonial rule and imagine decolonial futures that have yet to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the major "design issues" raised by the goals, missions, and pedagogical approaches of educational programs and tries to link pedagogical approaches and the architectural design of educational spaces. The scope of this research is the latest Quebec Educational Program (QEP) published in 2005–2007. Donna Duerk's issue-based architectural programming is used as a research approach to investigate issues and requirements for the design of educational spaces. This approach is a systematic method of inquiry that defines the requirements for a successful project, and it is used to develop a model for the design issues related to the goals, missions, and pedagogical approaches of the QEP for secondary school design in Quebec. The following ten major design issues extracted from the literature review are considered as the basis for the analysis of the QEP: health and comfort, flexibility, technology, efficiency, accessibility, safety and security, pedagogy and space, aesthetics, building condition, and school size. The latest QEP is analyzed to verify which of these design issues are related to the goals and approaches of this program and based on the issue-based programming approach, the final model of design issues related to the QEP is developed. Practical Applications: New pedagogical approaches replaced the traditional understanding of the transition of knowledge with the viewpoint that knowledge is constructed through active learning and social interactions among students. Therefore, hands-on learning, critical thinking and problem-solving are encouraged as the basics of knowledge acquisition and incorporated into educational programs in many countries. Regarding the significant changes in educational approaches, one of the important challenges for architects is how to translate these requirements into the architectural design of schools. Studies show that the organization of a learning space affects the choice of teaching styles and the prevailing characteristics of the physical design of schools are crucial impediments to reform in educational approaches in schools. This study tries to create a practical approach toward the design of educational spaces to incorporate and translate educational programs into architectural design to support the teaching and learning requirements. Although this study focuses on the QEP, the result of this study can be applied to other educational programs that are based on the same pedagogical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent advancements in theories and numerical methods of engineering optimization have paved the way for the widespread application of computational techniques in architectural and structural design, as well as software development. This paper is focused on exploring the practical implementation of various optimization strategies within architectural and structural design contexts. By utilizing mesh generation algorithms, intricate geometries inherent to architectural and structural design can be systematically constructed and discretized, facilitating analysis, design, and optimization processes. In the domain of grid-shell design, achieving optimal and aesthetic forms while adhering to engineering constraints is essential. This research explores grid-shell form finding and optimization, using a potential energy-based algorithm to reach equilibrium in grid-shell structures. Subsequent size optimization addresses stress and buckling concerns to ensure structural robustness. For long-span structures, often desired for their creation of expansive spaces and incorporation of architectural design principles, structural performance optimization is achieved using topology optimization. This study explores multiple manufacturing constraints embedded within topology optimization to enhance the feasibility of realizing topologically optimized material configurations. Another area of engineering optimization is in roof truss and frame design, aimed at creating distinctive and aesthetically pleasing configurations beyond traditional forms while meeting engineering load combinations and design criteria. To generate unique forms for roof truss structures, the genetic algorithm is employed in this study. This algorithmic approach facilitates diverse geometrical configurations while maintaining required strength and serviceability criteria. Through these studies, the paper highlights the transformative potential of optimization methodologies in shaping innovative architectural and structural designs with enhanced efficiency and functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce new plane curves, i.e. Cassinian focal-directorial curves as curves of a transitory type, of Cassinian multidirectorial curves as counterpart to Cassinian multifocal curves; and demonstrate their geometric genesis, and their form variation for special choices of foci and directrices. The form variation of Cassinian focal-directorial curves (CFDC) for different values of the particular parameter is also considered. Furthermore, it is shown that these algebraic curves also might have applications in architectural space design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the call to explore the environmental ’set up’ in promoting students’ inclusion, this paper explores the role of architecture in inclusive education. This paper begins by critically reviewing the literature published between 2010 and 2022 through an inclusive lens exploring architecture as space in terms of students’ access, participation and achievement. Drawing on Levy and Ellis’s approach for conducting reviews, a search using the keywords architect* (for architecture, architectural, architects), space and inclusi* (for inclusion, inclusive and inclusivity) was conducted followed by a ‘backward and forward search’: the references of the cited articles, the author/s’ publications prior to and following the identified article, and additional articles ‘that have cited the identified article’. In reviewing a total of 111 books, book sections and peer reviewed studies, architecture as space that students exist in and use, architecture as social art fostering relationships, and architecture as a means of communicating values and practices that support inclusion in school communities emerged. This paper enables a critical examination of how architecture is defined in the literature contributing to progressing the translation of policy into practice, advancing the global vision for equity and inclusive education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due multiple influences, such as Tusi, Tunpu, and minority culture, Tunpu military towns in Southwest China have unique historical and cultural heritage. At present, the ancient Tunpu military towns are not widely known internationally. In order to understand the layout characteristics of Tunpu military buildings in southwest China since the Ming Dynasty, the spatial distribution and military attributes of Qingyan Ancient Town, a typical military town of Tunpu culture, are studied by using Thiessen polygons, fractal theories, and complex network methods. The findings indicate that architectural spaces in the six districts have high spatial self-similarity and low spatial complexity and are distributed in clusters primarily impacted by natural factors and supplemented by humanistic factors. The architectural space networks of the six districts have high stability, low vulnerability, poor balance, and high connectivity. They reflect its interior architectural layout, which is based on close cooperation between villagers and military, taking into account trade and cultural life. Differences in the functionality of buildings lead to differences in the connectivity of the spatial network of buildings; the hierarchical, graded, and differentiated characteristics of architectural spatial network connectivity are influenced by both nature and society. Non-military functions all serve or are subordinate to military functions. The spatial network connectivity of traditional settlement architecture reflects the interaction between nature and society. By studying a Tunpu military ancient town in the southwest, we can better understand the historical military activities, cultural connotations, social changes, and historical background of traditional settlements. The historical planning of the defence of traditional settlements both contributes to its cultural heritage and as an important reference and inspiration for modern planning and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phantom array effect (PAE) is a series of repeated images that may be perceived when a person moves their eyes in large saccades across a light source (or a specular reflection of that light source) that is modulating in output over time. Fifty-five people, including a group of 25 who experience migraine, evaluated the visibility and annoyingness of phantom arrays produced by 85 unique temporal light modulation waveforms (including sine, rectangular, complex and DC waveforms) generated using an LED placed against a black background. Those with migraine exhibited higher average visibility compared to those without migraine (p = 0.019) and were relatively more sensitive at higher frequencies (p < 0.001). Younger participants also found more stimuli to be visible (p < 0.001). The threshold sensitivity function was similar to that developed for the phantom array visibility measure (PAVM), and PAVM was effective in predicting visibility (R 2 = 0.87 for the relevant region of PAVM < 3). While those in the migraine group did not report seeing the PAE more often in everyday life at a statistically significant level, they reported being more annoyed by it and having more unwanted physiological responses (headaches, eye fatigue and distraction/disorientation). Members of the migraine group were also more likely to have changed their behaviour in architectural spaces (such as leaving a restaurant with 'flickering' lights). In the four hours after completing the experiment, 64% of the migraine group (vs. 19% of the non-migraine group) reported experiencing discomfort or an adverse reaction. In particular, 41% reported experiencing a headache (vs. 8% for those in the non-migraine group). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, significant advancements have been made in 3D point cloud analysis by leveraging transformer architecture in 3D space. However, it remains challenging to effectively implement local and global learning within irregular and sparse structures of 3D point clouds. This paper presents the Adaptive Interaction Transformer (AIFormer), a novel hierarchical transformer architecture designed to enhance 3D point cloud analysis by fusing local and global features through the adaptive interaction of features. Specifically, AIFormer mainly consists of several stacked AIFormer Blocks. Each AIFormer module employs the Local Relation Aggregation Module and the Global Context Aggregation Module, respectively, to extract local details of relationships within the reference point and long-range dependencies between reference points. Then, the local and global features are fused using the Adaptive Interaction Module for adaptive interaction to optimize the point representation. Additionally, the AIFormer Block further designs geometric relation functions and contextual relative semantic encoding to enhance local and global feature extraction capabilities, respectively. Extensive experiments on three popular 3D point cloud datasets verify that AIFormer achieves state-of-the-art or comparable performances. Our comprehensive ablation study further validates the effectiveness and soundness of the AIFormer design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the evolution of female authorship representation in film, moving from the traditional romantic genius to the emerging demotic author concept. It analyzes how women writers have been portrayed in movies, transitioning from romantic geniuses to madwomen and part of a female chorus. The feminist implications of the death of the author theory and the shift towards demotic authorship, characterized by collaboration and direct audience engagement, are explored using examples from the film "Colette." The analysis showcases how Colette's transition from traditional authorship to demotic authorship in the film signifies her liberation from patriarchal constraints and empowerment as a feminist writer. [Extracted from the article]

In Dar es Salaam, an aesthetic politics of landscape shaped by the coloniality of space is central to middle‐class boundary work that drives the city's middle classes to congregate in the city's northern suburbs. The colonial city was divided into three racially marked zones that became known as uzunguni, uhindini, and uswahilini (the place of the European, Indian, and African, respectively). The coloniality of space remains as the spatial residue of this colonial enframing. It endures in an aesthetic politics of landscape in which ideas about what, and who, makes good urban space in terms of architecture, topography, and planning, and who deserves to live where. The paper examines how middle‐class suburban residents' mobilisation of the coloniality of space naturalises existing social and spatial hierarchies in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: "Can artificial intelligence produce architectural plan schemes?" discussion is the starting point of this study. The aim of this paper is to question whether this will be a new method in architectural design by producing plans with artificial intelligence interfaces working with human–computer interaction and to create a discussion environment. Design/methodology/approach: The main research topic is the evaluation of architectural design decisions with the text-to-image generation AI algorithms method based on shape grammar rules. First, a sample space consisting of Palladio plans or plan diagrams was created. Plan diagram production experiments were made with different interfaces (Midjourney, Dall-e2, Stable Diffusion, Craiyon, Nightcafe), and alternative plan diagrams were recorded as outputs. The discussion of the outputs has been made over architectural design and space. Findings: In the conceptual design phase of the architectural discipline and in the production of architectural plan scheme, AI algorithms are trending. This interaction imposes a new responsibility on architects. AI can create paradigm shifts in architectural processes with its tools with high data processing potential. On the other hand, in this study, it is emphasized that architecture is not just an act of producing visuals, but a functional act of producing visuals. Originality/value: The technology is effective in producing architectural plans and directing them to artificial intelligence algorithms. With this study, multi-alternative architectural plan productions were tried with text-to-image bots with fast results. In this direction, a new method proposal has been developed for the conceptual design phase in architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration and advancement of feminism are vital for addressing critical issues such as social progress, equitable education, and healthcare access. This paper comprehensively examines the feminist movement's impact on architecture over the past century, identifying key trends and significant areas to establish an academic foundation for feminist architecture. A literature review on feminism in urban planning, architecture, landscape design, and urban safety highlights the current research focus on feminist architectural development. Furthermore, this paper traces the evolution of feminist architecture through both purpose-driven and process-oriented approaches, exploring the interplay between feminist and modern architectural practices. It specifically examines the development of feminist architecture within the Chinese context from two perspectives: the influence of feminist thought on architecture and the evolution of gendered spaces within the "Residence and Courtyard" model. By comparing the internal logic of feminist architectural development in China and the West, this study investigates how geopolitical culture and regional differences shape the future trajectory of this field. Unlike traditional feminist architectural research, which often emphasizes women's practices within specific feminist ideologies or focuses on visual culture and psychological interpretations of gendered spaces, this paper redefines the scope of feminist architectural studies through a comparative analysis of historical and contemporary contexts, and Eastern and Western perspectives, employing a systematic genealogical approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the post-pandemic context, data-driven design interventions that can endow architectural spaces with mixed-use and open characteristics that are adaptable and environmentally resilient are increasingly important. Ubiquitous semi-public architecture, such as hotel buildings, plays a crucial role in public health emergencies. Many hotels adopt mixed-use and open room spatial layouts, integrating diverse daily functions into a single tiny space, fostering flexible utilization and micro-scale space sharing; however, these also introduce potential health risks. This study offers a comprehensive evaluation of the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of a hotel room space and discusses feasible intervention strategies for healthier renovation and rehabilitation. Taking a hotel in Shenzhen as a case, a multi-domain environmental assessment was conducted during the COVID-19 quarantine period in the summer of 2022. The study examines the health risks inherent in the hotel's guest room and the varying patterns of IEQ factors across the hotel's domains, including volatile organic compound concentrations, physical environmental parameters, and heat stress indices. The results illustrate diverse change trends in the chemical, physical, and heat stress factors present in the tested quarantined hotel room space throughout a typical summer day. Although most of the examined environmental factors meet local and global standards, some problems draw attention. In particular, the PM2.5 concentration was generally observed to be above the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline (AQG) standards, and the interior lighting did not meet required standards most of the time. Moreover, correlation and multiple regression analyses uncover significant influence by physical environmental conditions on the concentrations of chemical pollutants in the hotel room. The study preliminarily identifies that higher relative humidity could lead to a lower concentration of CO2 while a higher PM2.5 concentration. Wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) was observed to positively affect CO2 concentration. Further, the results suggest that even with relatively rigorous initial adjustment and re-renovation, multi-domain environmental quality in air-conditioned quarantine hotel rooms should be monitored and ameliorated from time to time. Overall, this study offers a scientific foundation for healthier upgrades of existing hotel buildings as well as provides insights into achieving environmental resilience in newly constructed hotel buildings for the post-pandemic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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From the perspective of dynamic lighting throughout the year, reflector and louvre are proposed to add to the south-facing window. The optimal parameter is 2.0 m height and 1.0 m width reflector and a louvre angle of 75°. However, when further analysing the indoor illumination and uniformity, the classroom still had high or low illumination during certain periods solely relying on natural lighting, indicating that a single strategy alone cannot meet the overall lighting environment comfort needs of the space. The study suggests that different lighting environments should be used in different seasons, periods and areas of the classroom. The proportion of natural light, combined light and artificial light environments should be 30%, 45% and 25%, respectively. At the same time, considering the transformation and optimisation of the lamps, the improvement measures for windows facing other directions in the classroom is recommended, the lamps be symmetrically distributed in the horizontal direction, with a hanging height of 1.9 m in the vertical direction, which is 0.4 m higher than the original. The lighting power is 34 W and 26 W, and corresponding optimisation strategies for the intelligent control system are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

If architecture is an expression of human creativity through multi-sensory embodiment, then learning, creating and experiencing architecture should also be multi-sensory and embodied. In this article, we challenge the separation of mind and body through Sheets-Johnstone's mindful bodies concept. We define a mindful body in architecture as one that documents, analyses and memory maps the moving body in different qualities of movement to create diverse spatial experiences. A mindful body approach to creating architecture involves: (i) engaging in meaningful movement and documenting the body, (ii) documenting embodied interactions with dynamic, animate elements in the built environment, (iii) connecting our body's movements with emotions and memories, (iv) designing spaces that produce diverse movements and atmospheres, and (v) designing architecture based on these spaces. We hypothesize that if designers engage in a mindful body approach to design, they can create spatial experiences that help us make sense of ourselves, others and the world. A mindful body approach to design can result in architectural spaces that activate our attentional switches, connect haptic experiences and memories and reveal wonders. This article is part of the theme issue 'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will read for the representation of space in the Vietnamese American author Ocean Vuong’s narrative essay “The Weight of Our Living: On Hope, Fire Escapes, and Visible Desperation”. The paper places Vuong’s text into conversation with theorists of narrative and architectural spaces – Yi-Fu Tuan, Umberto Eco, and Mikhail Bakhtin, among others – and draws on critical refugee studies to explore the representation of spaces and places in their relationship to Vuong’s account of refugee experience and trauma. In the essay’s manipulations of narrative space, meditations on architectural space, and engagements with theories of trauma, a spatial understanding of trauma emerges and comes to bear on first wave literary trauma theory, which the essay builds on and departs from with the suggestion that architectural space functions semiotically and is a medium of language by which topics socially and psychologically repressed can be “spoken” despite social taboos and prohibitions. Working against public discourse which reduces refugees to victims of trauma (in their country of origin) and beneficiaries of social uplift (in their resettlement country), Vuong critiques the discursive framing of the refugee as needful ward and perpetual other and works toward a means of speaking about personal experience that speaks back to dominant narratives about refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to cultural geography's continued interest in exploring how images and photographic practices have shaped representations and engagements with architectural space. Using the Robin Hood Gardens Estate – a Brutalist social housing estate in East London as an example, it interrogates how visual strategies associated with the grid, the interruption and the ruin shape different narratives and representations of Brutalist architecture. At the same time, it extends discussions within cultural geography which surround Brutalism and the role that representations play in how the built landscape is mediated, politicised and encountered through different image making strategies, highlighting the importance of the 'image' to Brutalism as a style. It concludes by asserting the value of exploring how buildings are represented and how different photographic and image making practices continue to mediate our engagement with the built landscape and inform wider politics associated with specific architectural styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the relationships and dynamics within a crew during a 17-day simulated space flight, focusing on risks such as decreased morale and communication breakdowns. Topics include the "third quarter phenomenon," crew subgroup formation, and the role of mission control support. It highlights the impact of crew composition on interpersonal dynamics and overall mission effectiveness.

The article examines the legal and cultural aspects of gender and privacy in public men's restrooms, focusing on historical, social, and psychological dimensions. It discusses the gendered expectations and anxieties associated with these spaces, as well as the fear-inducing nature of public restrooms for men. The article also addresses recent legal cases involving men's restrooms, highlighting issues of violence, privacy concerns, and the cultural significance of urinals. Additionally, it explores the challenges faced by transgender individuals in using public restrooms and advocates for a liberation jurisprudence that challenges oppressive gender norms and promotes inclusivity. [Extracted from the article]

This research interprets the background of Jinzhou section of the Peking–Mukden Railway, and puts forward 65 heritages as cases based on the scope definition and investigation. After the data collection, processing, and visualization, the database composed of 9 sub-databases, with B/S architecture mode, is constructed based on SQL server platform. The ArcGIS tool is used to analyze the distribution of the heritages, including spatial distribution characteristics, spatial agglomeration, and spatial equilibrium. "Image and model information database" and "text attribute information database" is used to analyze the architectural ontology features. The conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) The integral distribution has the characteristics of "cohesion", while the 5 medium types of heritages show obvious and different directions. 2) The overall pattern of spatial agglomeration is characterized by high cohesion with a single high agglomeration point as the core. The low agglomeration area shows a point-line-point pattern. 3) The integral heritages and three main types of buildings differ in distribution, and the equilibrium is low. The architectural ontology analysis shows that the image information can be used as the basis for ontology characteristics analysis, architectural form and style judgment, and architectural functional space analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defining architectural space comes with multiple and diverse aspects. Our theoretical reflection aims at establishing the base for a new definition, in the sense that theoretical topology, like geometry, is an effective means to define the form of architectural spatiality based on the notion of ambiences. Topological definitions already developed by several renowned architects allow us to build a better understanding of route and sequence and thereby help the development of our analytical model. This research is focused on the museum, which is a public-facing architectural construction. According to the approach, thirty European museums were examined. The data collected for these museums were statistically analysed. Based, on the ambience discontinuities, the sequential analysis allowed us to create ambient topologies by transforming them into ambient events that are linked to the displacement of the user in connection with ambiance change. We endeavor to develop a micro study to reflect on the interaction between different environmental sources as a means to comprehend the influence on the future spatial-energetic behavior. This study lays the groundwork for a novel approach of defining architectural space based on differences in users' perceptions and the environment of a given space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article emphasizes the importance of public spheres for sustainable human development and explores the integration of public sphere norms, which elucidate the spatiality of democracy, into architectural design processes. While the relationship between space and democracy is often addressed through public spaces in the disciplines of architecture and urban planning, this study investigates how the public sphere, an environment independent of specific spatial boundaries, can be incorporated into design and planning processes. By establishing the conceptual relationship between public sphere norms and spatiality dynamics through the lens of theorists such as Lefebvre, Harvey, Soja, and Massey, the paper underscores the significance of these norms for the functioning of spatial democracy and their importance for human development. The study grounds the proposition that, despite the abstract nature of the public sphere, spatial dynamics can strengthen democratic spatiality when integrated into participatory design processes. In this context, a prototype approach termed "public participatory design" is presented, which can be further supported by field applications and social sciences. This approach aims to create a theoretical framework that incorporates spatiality into planning and design processes developed at the architectural scale, thereby supporting democracy and sustainable human development. The article discusses the potential benefits and different perspectives of this theoretical approach, offering a new perspective on sustainable human development in the fields of architecture and urbanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TARSisSCIENCE is a working group formed by the scientific team in charge of researching the Tartessian archaeological site of Casas del Turuñuelo (Guareña, Badajoz) and the educational community of the IES Eugenio Frutos, within TARTESO en COMUNIDAD, a cultural mediation and citizen science project that was born in 2018 with the main objective of bringing Tartessian culture closer to society. The objective of this process is to involve this educational context in the generation of citizen participation processes through learning communities and RAP dynamics (research, action and participation) that stimulate collaboration between science and community, integrating into the project to the teachers and students of the 4th year of ESO at the IES Eugenio Frutos de Guareña in 3 research modules linked to the archaeological site: Archeology of the Paleolandscape, Archaeozoology and Archeology of Architecture and analysis of the spaces. The investigations have led to two participatory processes presented, together with the results of said investigations, in ARQUEO RURALES [II Conference on Archeology and Rural Community], monographic edition dedicated to Heritage Education. The results of this process encourage us to continue betting on strategies that encompass all the needs, all the tools, all the actors and all the variants that hinder or enrich the different learning or knowledge generation processes from multiple points of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a series of propositions concerning how our affective sensibilities are shaped and unshaped by architectural space. We will examine the connections between our pre‐reflective sense of atmospheres and other kinds of apprehension, including the psychoanalytic. The potentiality of spaces to influence feelings is what is meant by atmosphere. Our conceptual framework, then, will center on the question of how felt space can give rise to affectivity, thought and, more controversially, action. References to film noir (especially Fritz Lang's psychoanalytic thriller Secret beyond the Door [1948]), the paradigmatic genre of atmosphere, will frame the contention that our disposition to the world comes first, before any cognitive assessment, and, as such, possesses the force to inspire affective states. It will be suggested that the ways we test and evaluate atmospheres through the imagination are potentially the inspiration for violence, an idea echoed by architects such Bernard Tschumi and psychoanalytic thinkers such as Marcuse. The goal here is to present multiple entry points for a rich discussion concerning if, or the extent to which, notions of atmosphere admit psychoanalytic interrogation, and how or whether analytic assumptions shift as a result of such an investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a book by Michael D. Calabria titled "The Language of the Taj Mahal: Islam, Prayer, and the Religion of Shah Jahan." The book examines the Taj Mahal's inscriptional cycle in connection with Shah Jahan's religiosity and personal life. It provides new perspectives on the monument and its relationship to religion and culture in early modern India. The book is commended for its refreshing perspective on Shah Jahan and its exploration of the performative nature of architectural spaces. It is recommended for those interested in architectural history and religious history. [Extracted from the article]

In 1994, Enric Miralles published From what time is this place?, a brief text where the relationship between space and time is claimed through the form of the Igualada Cemetery Park and different conditions of time are considered. The title is presumably written after the book by Kevin Lynch What time is this place?, where the human sense of time and the relationship between the innate consciousness of time and place and the objective time of the world are addressed. Related to this concept arises the notion of the chronotope—from kronos, time, and topos, place; literally timeplace, defined by Mikhail Bakhtin as the intrinsic connectedness of spatial and temporal relationships assimilated in the artistic form. Approaching Miralles' own words, this text examines the condition of architectural form as a chronotope in the Igualada Cemetery Park and in three of his projects to analyze, firstly, the strategies used and, secondly, the consequences of the connection of space and time in the form and in space and time themselves: the spatialization of time, temporalization of space, and temporalization of time. As a result, some reflections contribute to the contemporary debate on form in architecture as a spatiotemporal discipline: a chronotopic architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Space-Integrated-Ground Information Networks is the property of Beijing Xintong Media Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and objectives: The urban underground complex integrates comprehensive architecture and subterranean space, presenting physical and psychological complexities. To mitigate the negative experiences associated with this complexity, we need to explore, in depth, how the built environmental elements of underground complexes affect user perception to design a comfortable, healthy, and biophilic underground space. Methods: We selected Tianfu Square, a typical underground complex in Chengdu, China, as the empirical case. We identified 26 key environmental indicators affecting user perception and designed Kano and satisfaction questionnaires based on these indicators. A total of 476 questionnaires were distributed to collect data on users' attitudes towards changes in element quality and their satisfaction levels. By integrating the Kano model and IPA method, we defined the perceptual attributes of elements based on their impact on user experiences and assessed the alignment between element attributes and satisfaction. Results: We categorized the elements into five perceptual types: attractive, one-dimensional, indifferent, must-be, and reverse attributes, and assigned corresponding importance levels. We then compared the importance and performance scores of these elements, evaluated their satisfaction alignment, identified elements needing optimization, and proposed improvement strategies. Implications: This research provides valuable guidance for designers on how various built environment elements in underground spaces influence user perceptions, with practical implications for urban underground complex planning and design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI), which has a strong potential to assist architects in conceptual and visualization stages, has been increasingly used in the field of design and architecture. This study, focusing on the AI tools that generate images from texts and offer innovative solutions to design problems, aims to evaluate the use of AI for the reinterpretation of traditional Iznik tile patterns and colors in the context of architectural design and modern interiors. The methodology consists of four stages, which are the selection of AI tools (Copilot, DALL-E 2, DALL-E 3, Midjourney), the preparation of textual prompts for testing "çini" (tile) expression, testing of the AI tools' perception of the concepts related to Iznik tile motifs, and the creation of prompt series. The findings of our study provide evidence that current AI tools exhibit distinct features in terms of variety, conceptualization, artistic visualization, and image production, while they are hardly equipped with the necessary conceptual background to communicate with the designers for the interpretation of the traditional Iznik tiles in contemporary architectural design. Specifically, Midjourney, which could produce historically referenced contemporary designs in response to textual expressions, was more successful than other AI tools. DALL-E 2 could not visualize the expressions concerning the placement of the Iznik tile surfaces in interior spaces but was quite inspiring in terms of the images regarding the tile pattern and color. DALL-E 3 and Copilot tools produced similar images in terms of color palette and patterns, whereas DALL-E 3 was better at visualizing spatial data. Our results reveal that AI tools still need to be developed for analyzing traditional patterns, styles, and forms for contemporary design purposes. On the other hand, AI tools can develop innovative approaches, optimize the tile production procedure, and have the potential to accelerate the design process for designers by generating new and diverse ideas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The architectural configuration of the space plays a crucial role in the acoustics of neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The design of the environment, the materials used in construction, and the organisation of noise sources within the room significantly influence the noise levels present in these critical areas. For this research, the noise levels found in two hospitals, with different architectural configurations and sizes but similar construction materials, have been analysed. Data were recorded at 1 s intervals over a period of more than 24 h. The data collected in these hospitals confirm the magnitude of the noise problem in NICUs, highlighting the urgent need to address it effectively to ensure an appropriate and safe environment for the recovery of neonates. Good architectural planning can help mitigate noise, while poor configuration can exacerbate acoustic problems, negatively affecting both patients and healthcare staff. It is crucial to involve architects, acoustic engineers, and healthcare staff in the design and renovation of NICUs to create spaces that not only meet medical needs but also consider the auditory well-being of neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional traits offer insights into plant performance. However, linking traits to individual tree performance requires considering the overall phenotypic context and utilizing traits measured at the individual level. Tree growth rates are informative metrics about performance, however how it is measured provides different information on tree or community growth dynamics and structure and can alter the relationships or their strength with functional traits and individual phenotypes. Moreover, at the community level, trees can adjust their crown shapes and sizes to optimize canopy space utilization, and a high level of canopy packing can enhance the individual to community-level growth rate. In this study, we assessed the crown area of 1144 individual trees, a simple trait measured at the individual level, and the leaf mass per area (LMA), a common functional trait, to test trait-growth relationships, considering absolute and relative growth rate. The observed total photosynthetic mass (integrating crown area and LMA) positively explained absolute tree growth rates, interacting with tree height. As higher the trees, more intense was the effect. Importantly, this effect was not solely based on LMA or crown size. This implies that LMA's predictive power could improve by integrating leaf-level traits with whole-plant allocation to leaf area. These variables, however, failed to predict the tree's relative growth rates. Additionally, our study found that increased canopy packing levels raised the community-level growth rate within our plots. This overall community growth seems be facilitated by denser tree arrangements and efficient light interception in the forest due to the higher canopy packing level. We highlight the importance of considering crown area as a critical variable to be measured during floristic inventories and in studies focused on tree performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a method for creating the system architecture of existing industrial objects based on Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) principles. The method aims to form a digital representation of physical objects, which is crucial in the digital transformation of industrial enterprises. It allows for the accurate reflection of all components, processes, functions, and interrelationships within an object. The methodology includes stages of data collection, structuring, development of ontological models, and the integration of a comprehensive system architecture into the digital space. This method was tested using a small hydroelectric power plant, revealing its key advantages and disadvantages and identifying areas for further improvement. The main findings indicate a significant improvement in understanding the system architecture for scenario modeling and digital operation of the objects. Despite challenges such as the need for multiple iterations and high data requirements, the methodology demonstrates the potential for applying MBSE in the digital transformation of existing industrial objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of architecture design keeps increasing as the complexity of systems and system-of-systems (SoSs) continues rising. While the architecture frameworks such as the Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) are commonly used to guide architecture design, many perspectives are still hindering their effective use. Instead of generating a set of architecture description models probably only for satisfying the milestone review, the architecture frameworks should be used to organize the vague or incomplete information, identify and formulate the decision-making problem, and guide the architecture decision-making. Unfortunately, the decision points are hidden in the architecture models and the ambiguity often leads to a confusion of whether the architecture models are built incorrectly due to the lack of modeling experience or the lack of adequate decision analysis. Therefore, this paper identifies the key decision points and decision types during the architecture model development based on the DoDAF. Plus, this paper proposes a set of decision patterns and a guide to their use to provide qualitative decision analysis for developing architecture models and generating alternatives. An illustrative example to anti-submarine SoSs demonstrates the process of applying the decision patterns to the DoDAF model's development and the generated architecture alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automated machine learning (AutoML) has achieved remarkable success in automating the non-trivial process of designing machine learning models. Among the focal areas of AutoML, neural architecture search (NAS) stands out, aiming to systematically explore the complex architecture space to discover the optimal neural architecture configurations without intensive manual interventions. NAS has demonstrated its capability of dramatic performance improvement across a large number of real-world tasks. The core components in NAS methodologies normally include (i) defining the appropriate search space, (ii) designing the right search strategy and (iii) developing the effective evaluation mechanism. Although early NAS endeavors are characterized via groundbreaking architecture designs, the imposed exorbitant computational demands prompt a shift towards more efficient paradigms such as weight sharing and evaluation estimation, etc. Concurrently, the introduction of specialized benchmarks has paved the way for standardized comparisons of NAS techniques. Notably, the adaptability of NAS is evidenced by its capability of extending to diverse datasets, including graphs, tabular data and videos, etc. each of which requires a tailored configuration. This paper delves into the multifaceted aspects of NAS, elaborating on its recent advances, applications, tools, benchmarks and prospective research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]