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Maternal self‐efficacy during infancy is shaped by many factors, including maternal mental health and social support. This study examines how depression, emotional support, and childcare support relate to maternal self‐efficacy among mothers of infants in rural Pakistan. Participants included 885 mothers assessed at 3 and 6 months postpartum. At 3 months postpartum, mothers completed interview measures of depression, emotional social support, support with day‐to‐day childcare tasks (daily childcare support), and childcare support when they were unable to care for their child (childcare support when needed). At 6 months postpartum, participants reported on maternal self‐efficacy. Generalized estimating equations were used to test the associations between depression and social support at 3 months and maternal self‐efficacy at 6 months, as well as the interaction between depression and social support. Depression at 3 months was not associated with maternal self‐efficacy at 6 months when controlling for depression at 6 months. Emotional support was associated with increased self‐efficacy, but daily childcare support was not. We found weak evidence that childcare support when needed was associated with increased self‐efficacy only among mothers with depression. Results suggest that emotional support and childcare support when needed may be helpful for promoting mothers’ self‐efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnant individuals and parents have experienced elevated mental health problems and stress during COVID‐19. Stress during pregnancy can be harmful to the fetus and detrimental to the parent–child relationship. However, social support is known to act as a protective factor, buffering against the adverse effects of stress. The present study examined whether (1) prenatal stress during COVID‐19 was associated with parent–infant closeness at 6 months postpartum, and (2) social support moderated the effect of prenatal stress on the parent–infant relationship. In total, 181 participants completed questionnaires during pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to assess whether social support moderated the effect of stress during pregnancy on parent–infant closeness at 6 months postpartum. Results indicated a significant interaction between prenatal stress and social support on parents' perceptions of closeness with their infants at 6 months postpartum (β =.805, p =.029); parents who experienced high prenatal stress with high social support reported greater parent–infant closeness, compared to those who reported high levels of stress and low social support. Findings underscore the importance of social support in protecting the parent–infant relationship, particularly in times of high stress, such as during the COVID‐19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Surgery represents a challenging medical discipline. Aim: This article focuses on psychological stress in surgery and explains resilience as a protective factor against the consequences of psychological stress, based on selected literature references and own relevant clinical experiences. In this context, the sense of coherence, social support and self-efficacy expectation are discussed in more detail as resilience factors. Method: Narrative review. Results (corner points): Surgery is classified as a challenging medical subspecialty with a high reputation but associated with diverse and varied physical and psychological stress factors. Stress factors differ individually in terms of requirements (can be overdemanding or underdemanding but also stimulating, relevant to learning and meaningful, thus positively or negatively stressful) and resources (potentially beneficial working conditions, experience, or behavior, e.g., social support, scope for action). Fluctuations within surgical specialties and a high dropout rate during residency training are well known and the causes include high psychological stress. In the case of persistent and at the same time insufficient compensation of work stress caused by a lack of or insufficient resources, these can be associated with mental illnesses. Nonetheless, many physicians spend their entire lives working in hospital or private surgical settings and remain healthy, a strong sense of resilience to mental illness may be fundamental to this. Resilience can be present as a personal characteristic or it can be learnt through a process or adapted through positive or negative influences, thus strengthening the personal characteristics. Overall, data on surgeon resilience or interventional studies in resilience research in the surgical setting are limited and provide another research gap. Resilience training (directed at a sense of coherence, social support, strengthening knowledge of coping skills, positive emotions, optimism, hope, self-efficacy expectations, control beliefs or robustness), also clearly indicated in the "robust" medical specialty of surgery, is always individual and should not be generalized. If the surgeon cannot retrieve sufficient resources due to the stressful situation, stress management with its methods is helpful to reduce the psychological stress and to be able to maintain the performance and health of this person. Conclusion: The consolidation of resilience as a notable aspect of employee management. In collegial interactions, resilience must be based on workplace-based approaches to strengthen coping mechanisms in the face of work stress. Workplace-related stress should also be perceived, addressed and counteracted within the organization, certainly also as an elementary management task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Der Beitrag untersucht den Einfluss von sozialer Unterstützung und Arbeitsengagement auf die transformationale Führung bei 2’011 Schulleitungen an Schweizer Schulen in sozial benachteiligten und nicht benachteiligten Lagen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Arbeitsengagement und soziale Unterstützung mit transformationaler Führung zusammenhängen, unabhängig von der Lage. Jedoch weisen Schulleitungen an Schulen in sozial benachteiligter Lage ein geringeres Arbeitsengagement und eine geringer ausgeprägte transformationale Führung auf. Wiederum besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen sozialer Unterstützung und dem Arbeitsengagement. Schulleitungen, die eine stärkere Unterstützung im Kollegium erfahren, zeigen ein höheres Arbeitsengagement und dadurch eine stärker ausgeprägte transformationale Führung.

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Despite high rates of traumatic experiences reported among Hispanic/Latino/a immigrants in the U.S., the effect of post‐traumatic stress on parenting stress among Hispanic/Latino/a immigrant parents with young children has been overlooked. The present study tested the direct and indirect relationships of self‐reported maternal post‐traumatic stress symptoms on parenting stress, and the mediating role of protective factors among Hispanic/Latino/a mothers with young children. Baseline data collected from mothers participating in a community‐based child‐parent dyadic intervention were analyzed. Measures included the post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist, the Protective Factors Survey, and the Parenting Stress Index‐Short Form (PSI). The sample included 80 mothers with a child between ages 0–6 years. About 75% of these mothers were migrants from Central America. A multivariate regression analysis showed that maternal post‐traumatic stress symptoms predicted higher levels of PSI, and two protective factors (social support and family functioning/resilience) fully mediated the relationship between maternal post‐traumatic stress symptoms and PSI. Higher social support and family functioning/resiliency may have protective effects on Hispanic/Latino/a mothers with post‐traumatic stress, leading to lower levels of stress related to parenting. Findings underscore the importance of interventions that enhance access to social support and promote family functioning/resilience for Hispanic/Latino/a immigrant mothers with trauma histories to cope better with parenting stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Chat-based cancer counseling in Switzerland: A reflexive thematic analysis of chat protocols focused on cancer survivors' needs Abstract: Background: The number of people diagnosed with cancer and continue to live as cancer survivors is growing. Together with their relatives, they have information and counseling needs during the illness trajectory. With Cancerline, the Swiss Cancer League offers a chat-based counseling service for cancer survivors. Research question/objective: For the first time, the qualitative study investigated which needs cancer survivors express in Cancerline to gain insights for the further development and quality assurance of chat-based cancer counseling. Methods: Based on the principles of Interpretive Description, 669 chat counseling transcripts were analyzed using Braun et al. (2018) reflexive thematic analysis in an iterative process in six analysis steps. Results: Cancer survivorship needs in Cancerline are multifaceted, and we have identified nine themes: need anonymous chat to communicate, get informed, weigh ethical dilemmas and make decisions, seek meaning and hope, find ways to manage burdensome emotions, resolve social conflict and not burden others, feel understood and give space to own needs, clarify role as significant other acting correctly and seeking security. Conclusions: Chat-based counseling may contribute to supporting cancer survivors with information needs about cancer in a flexible way that is close to everyday life. Professionals can sensitize survivors to chat-based counseling, which makes low-threshold counseling accessible.