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Loss of NF2 (merlin) has been suggested as a genetic cause of neurofibromatosis type 2 and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). Previously, we demonstrated that NF2 sustained TGFβ receptor 2 (TβR2) expression and reduction or loss of NF2 activated non-canonical TGFβ signaling, which reduced Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) expression via TβR1 kinase activity. Here, we show that a selective RKIP inducer (novel chemical, Nf18001) inhibits tumor growth and promotes schwannoma cell differentiation into mature Schwann cells under NF2-deficient conditions. In addition, Nf18001 is not cytotoxic to cells expressing NF2 and is not disturb canonical TGFβ signaling. Moreover, the novel chemical induces expression of SOX10, a marker of differentiated Schwann cells, and promotes nuclear export and degradation of SOX2, a stem cell factor. Treatment with Nf18001 inhibited tumor growth in an allograft model with mouse schwannoma cells. These results strongly suggest that selective RKIP inducers could be useful for the treatment of neurofibromatosis type 2 as well as NF2-deficient MPNST. Implications: This study identifies that a selective RKIP inducer inhibits tumor growth and promotes schwannoma cell differentiation under NF2-deficient conditions by reducing SOX2 and increasing SOX10 expression.

Supplementary Data from RKIP Induction Promotes Tumor Differentiation via SOX2 Degradation in NF2-Deficient Conditions

Purpose Cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines recommend multimodal neuro-prognostication after cardiac arrest using neurological examination, electroencephalography, biomarkers, and brain imaging. The Patient State Index (PSI) and suppression ratio (SR) represent the depth and degree of sedation, respectively. We evaluated the predictive ability of PSI and SR for neuro-prognostication of post-cardiac arrest patients who underwent targeted temperature management. Methods This prospective observational study was conducted between January 2017 and August 2020 and enrolled adult patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). PSI and SR were monitored continuously during ICU stay, and their maximum, mean, and minimum cutoff values 24 h after ROSC were analyzed to predict poor neurologic outcome and long-term survival. Results The final analysis included 103 patients. A mean PSI ≤ 14.53 and mean SR > 36.6 showed high diagnostic accuracy as single prognostic factors. Multimodal prediction using the mean PSI and mean SR showed the highest area-under-the-curve value of 0.965 (95% confidence interval 0.909–0.991). Patients with mean PSI ≤ 14.53 and mean SR > 36.6 had relatively higher long-term mortality rates than those of patients with values >14.53 and ≤ 36.6, respectively. Conclusions The PSI and SR are good predictors for early neuro-prognostication in post-cardiac arrest patients.

본 연구는 국내에서 이루어진 대학생의 우울 증상에 대한 집단상담 프로그램의 효과를 살펴보기 위해 메타분석을 실시했다. 이를 위해 2000년부터 2020년 8월까지 수행된 연구 중 총 56편을 선정하여 67개의 효과크기를 산출했다. 그 결과 전체 평균효과크기는 1.151로 큰 효과크기로 나타났다. 중재변인에 따른 효과크기를 분석한 결과, 참여자 특성 분석에서 성별 구분이 유의하지 않았고, 임상적 경계선 이상 우울군을 대상으로 할 때 가장 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 운영방식에서는 회기 수를 9∼10회기로 운영할 때, 회기 당 시간은 121분 이상일 때, 경험보고서를 작성할 때 가장 효과적이었다. 집단크기, 운영기간, 주당 횟수는 하위변인 간 차이가 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 프로그램 유형에서 수용전념치료가 가장 효과적이었고, BDI로 우울을 측정한 연구가 가장 큰 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 종속변인에 따른 분석 결과는 프로그램에서 우울과 대인관계, 심리적 요인에 대한 개입을 함께 했을 때 우울 증상 감소에 가장 효과적이었다. 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 프로그램 개발과 이후 연구를 위한 시사점을 제시하고 제언을 논의했다.

Objective: The current study sought to investigate the link between cumulative childhood trauma and depressive mood in urban Latina mothers (n = 209). Specifically, we tested the role of ethnic pride and its conditional direct and indirect effect on depressive mood with interpersonal functioning as a mediating pathway. Method: The sample (age: M = 36.62, SD = 6.72; 83.3% foreign-born) comprises mothers of children enrolled in a school-based intervention study. Analyses focus on baseline data, including interviews assessing childhood trauma, interpersonal functioning, depression, ethnic pride, and acculturation conducted by bilingual (Spanish and English) clinicians in the preferred language of the participants. Results: Using linear regression analyses, results indicated that the link between childhood trauma and depression functions in part through impairments in interpersonal functioning. Ethnic pride moderated the indirect pathway serving as a buffer for those with low interpersonal functioning. Conclusions: Findings highlighted the saliency of including ethnic pride when working with Latina mothers and provided important implications for assessment and clinical intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

The N-terminal domain of the Pseudomonas sp. FB15 phytase increases low-temperature activity and catalytic efficiency. In this study, the 3D structure of the N-terminal domain was predicted and substitutions for the amino acid residues of the region assumed to be the active site were made. The activity of mutants, in which alanine (A) was substituted for the original residue, was investigated at various temperatures and pH values. Significant differences in enzymatic activity were observed only in mutant E263A, suggesting that the amino acid residue at position 263 of the N-terminal domain is important in enzyme activity.

Background There is controversy over whether the number and mode of electrical shock are optimal for successful defibrillation. Methods and Results Fifty‐four pigs were randomly assigned to 3 groups. After inducing ventricular fibrillation and a 2‐minute downtime, basic life support was initiated with a 30:2 compression/ventilation ratio for 8 minutes. Subsequently, 20 minutes of advanced life support, including asynchronous ventilation, every 10 chest compressions with 15 L/min of oxygen, was delivered. Animals of the single shock group received a single shock, animals of the 2‐stacked shock group received 2 consecutive shocks, and animals of the 3‐stacked shock group received 3 consecutive shocks. Animals with the return of spontaneous circulation underwent post–cardiac arrest care for 12 hours. The rates of successful defibrillation, return of spontaneous circulation, 24‐hour survival, and 48‐hour survival and neurological deficit score were compared between the groups. Hemodynamic parameters, arterial blood gas profiles, troponin I, and cardiac output were not different between the groups. There was a significant difference in chest compression fraction between the single and 3‐stacked shock groups ( P P =0.022) or the 2‐stacked and 3‐stacked shock groups ( P =0.040). The rates of successful defibrillation, return of spontaneous circulation, 24‐hour survival, and 48‐hour survival were higher in the 2‐ and 3‐stacked shock groups than in the single shock group ( P =0.021, P =0.015, and P =0.021, respectively). Neurological deficit score at 48 hours was not different between the groups. Conclusions A stacked shock strategy was superior to a single shock strategy for successful defibrillation and better resuscitation outcomes in treating ventricular fibrillation.

Inhibition of translation initiation has emerging implications for the development of mechanism-based anticancer therapeutics. Phosphorylation of eIF2α is recognized as a key target that regulates the translation initiation cascade. Based on the bioisosteric replacement of urea-derived eIF2α phosphorylation activator 1, a novel series of N-aryl-N'-[4-(aryloxy)cyclohexyl]squaramide derivatives was designed and synthesized; their effects on the activation of eIF2α phosphorylation was assessed systematically. A brief structure-activity relationship analysis was established by stepwise structural optimization of the squaramide series. Subsequently, the antiproliferative activities of the selected analogues were determined in human leukemia K562 cells. We then identified 10 potent eIF2α phosphorylation activators with considerable anticancer activity. The most promising analogues 19 and 40 possessed higher cancer cell selectivity (SI = 6.16 and 4.83, respectively) than parent 1 (SI = 2.20). Finally, protein expression analysis revealed that compounds 19 and 40 induced eIF2α phosphorylation and its downstream effectors ATF4 and CHOP.

Background: Exposure to armed conflict and fleeing country of origin for refugees has been associated with poorer psychological health. Methods: Within the first month following their arrival in the United States, 152 Syrian and Iraqi refugees were screened in a primary care setting for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression and rated their perceived health, and perceived level of adversity of violence, armed conflict/flight. The moderating effects of psychiatric symptoms on the relation between perceived adversity and perceived health were assessed. Results: Three models based on diagnosis (PTSD, anxiety, and depression) were tested. While significant effects were found on perceived adversity negatively influencing perceived health across diagnoses, slightly different patterns emerged based on diagnosis. Discussion: Findings suggest that refugees’ perception regarding adversity of violence, armed conflict, and flight may contribute to perceived health, with a moderating role of clinically significant symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression.

The N-terminal domain of the

This study aims to characterize the food-related lifestyles of single-person households as home meal replacement (HMR) consumers and to investigate socio-economic dimensions and selection attribute characteristics for HMR according to consumers’ food-related lifestyles. We identified three groups by factor and cluster analysis: “utilitarians” (19.3%), “health-conscious utilitarians” (22.2%), and “variety seekers” (58.5%). Utilitarians are typically in their 20 s, unmarried, and unemployed with relatively lower monthly incomes compared with the other groups. They put less attention on trend and quality, but consider convenience and economic value more important when purchasing HMR products. Health-conscious utilitarians are typically married and in their 40 s and 50 s. They still consider convenience and economic value of HMR products, but the quality of HMR products is the most important factor for them. Finally, variety seekers are relatively well educated, and proportionately more are employed compared with the other groups. They find the trendiness of HMR products more important, although quality, convenience, and economic value are still a consideration for them. Therefore, differentiated strategies are needed to develop and market HMR for single-person households.

Aim Current cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines recommend performing defibrillation every 2 min during resuscitation. This study aimed to compare the rate of successful defibrillation using 1- and 2-min defibrillation intervals. Methods Twenty-six pigs were randomly assigned to 1- or 2-min interval groups. After inducing ventricular fibrillation (VF), we observed pigs for 2 min. Thereafter, basic life support was initiated with a 30:2 compression-to-ventilation ratio for 8 min. Defibrillation was performed with an energy of 2 J/kg at 10 min after VF and was repeated every 1 or 2 min according to randomization. Advanced cardiac life support, including continuous chest compression with ventilation every 6 s and intravenous injection of 1 mg epinephrine every 3 min, was performed until the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or until 20 min after VF induction. Haemodynamic parameters and baseline arterial blood gas profiles were compared between groups. ROSC, 24 -h survival, and the neurologic deficit score (NDS) were evaluated at 24 h. Results Haemodynamic parameters during resuscitation and baseline arterial blood gas profiles did not differ between groups. ROSC was more frequently observed in the 1-min interval group (p = 0.047). Time to ROSC was not different between groups (p = 0.054). The 24 -h survival was higher (p = 0.047) and NDS at 24 h was lower (92 ± 175) in the 1-min interval group than in the 2-min interval group (272 ± 190) (p = 0.028). Conclusions Defibrillation success and resuscitation outcomes were superior when using a 1-min defibrillation interval in animal models of cardiac arrest.

Academic hardiness, a construct representing how students tend to respond to academic stressors, has seen increased attention in the recent literature. However, as yet, no measure exists that has been validated for use with college students. The current study addresses this gap in the literature by examining the psychometric properties of the Revised Academic Hardiness Scale (RAHS; Benishek, Feldman, Shipon, Mecham, & Lopez, 2005) in several samples of college students from 2 institutions of higher education. Study 1 showed a 4-factor model (Commitment, Control of Affect, Challenge, and Control of Effort) to be the best-fitting solution. Studies 2 and 3 found support for the test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the 4 factors' scores. Finally, Study 4 showed evidence of the predictive validity of the RAHS scores, which accounted for significant variance in first- and second-semester college grade point average and persistence to a 2nd year at the university beyond the variance accounted for by high school academic variables. Overall, the RAHS appears to be a psychometrically sound measure for use with college students. (PsycINFO Database Record

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To encourage healthier food choices for children in fast-food restaurants, many initiatives have been proposed. This study aimed to examine the effect of disclosing nutritional information on parents' meal choices for their children at fast-food restaurants in South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS An online experimental survey using a menu board was conducted with 242 parents of children aged 2-12 years who dined with them at fast-food restaurants at least once a month. Participants were classified into two groups: the low-calorie group (n = 41) who chose at least one of the lowest calorie meals in each menu category, and the high-calorie group (n = 201) who did not. The attributes including perceived empowerment, use of provided nutritional information, and perceived difficulties were compared between the two groups. RESULTS The low-calorie group perceived significantly higher empowerment with the nutritional information provided than did the high-calorie group (P = 0.020). Additionally, the low-calorie group was more interested in nutrition labeling (P < 0.001) and considered the nutritional value of menus when selecting restaurants for their children more than did the high-calorie group (P = 0.017). The low-calorie group used the nutritional information provided when choosing meals for their children significantly more than did the high-calorie group (P < 0.001), but the high-calorie group had greater difficulty using the nutritional information provided (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that improving the empowerment of parents using nutritional information could be a strategy for promoting healthier parental food choices for their children at fast-food restaurants.

This study aimed to characterize the use of spices in Korean cookbooks published from the 1400`s to 1700`s. We conducted a content analysis of seven old cookbooks ("Sangayorok", "Suunjapbang", "Eumsikdimibang"), "Yorok", "Jubangmun", "Somunsaseol", and "Jeungbosallimgyeongje"). We collected a total of 238 food recipes, including spices as ingredients. We analyzed the types of spices used and characteristics of the recipes according to 18 dish groups. As results, a total of 10 spices were used as ingredient: ginger, pepper, Chinese pepper, garlic, sesame, chili, mustard, cinnamon, fennel, and clove. Among 238 food recipes analyzed, ginger was used most often (40.3%), followed by pepper (36.1%), Chinese pepper (30.3%), garlic (17.2%), and so on. In particular, chili was used in 18 different kinds of food recipes, which were "Somunsaseol" and "Jeungbosallimgyeongje" published in 1700s. Spices were used in different dish groups mostly as condiments. Among 18 dish groups, Chimchae was the most frequent dish group (44 recipes), followed by Jjim Seon (31 recipes), Jang Yangnyeom (20 recipes) and rice cake cookie (20 recipes). Pepper or Chinese pepper were the most frequently used spices in all food groups except Chimchae, Hoe, Jang Yangnyeom and rice cake cookie, in which garlic, ginger, sesame and ginger were used most frequently, respectively.

The growth mechanism of nanosized crystal grains of LiNbO3 with changing temperature and time has been studied. The nanograin LiNbO3 crystal is initially obtained by crystallizing the pure LiNbO3 glass that is formed using a polymeric complex method. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy are used to measure the grain sizes. Our study shows that, when the temperature linearly changes from 650 to 1000 °C, the nanograins linearly grow from about 55 nm to 100 nm with increasing temperature. At a fixed temperature of 700 °C, the nanograins also grow linearly within a delay time of 180 min. Meanwhile, at higher fixed temperatures of 800 and 900 °C, the linear dependence of grain growth occurs in the early stage; at a later time, the growth stops and the size saturates. Because nanograins with various sizes are required in many fields, the growth mechanism of nanograins with a linear growth in time and temperature and the size saturation effect in this study are expected to provide valuable information for applications.

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) account for approximately 15% of breast cancer cases and exhibit an aggressive clinical behavior. In this study, we designed and synthesized two series of 2-anilinopyrimidines based on the structure of our previously reported compound 1 that act as a selective inhibitor of the basal-like TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468. Through the fine-tuning of 1, cyclic and acyclic amines at 4-position of the pyrimidine core were turned out to be crucial for the selectivity. An extensive analysis of structure-activity relationships of the analogs revealed that aminoalkyl groups at the end of the propyl chain are amenable to modification. Among the newly synthesized analogs, compound 38, bearing 4-chloropiperidinyl and cyclohexyl groups, was found to be the most potent and selective, and was about three times more potent and selective than 1 was against the TNBC cells.

In the present work, the electrochemical behaviour of Mg–xCe–1Zn (x = 3, 8 and 13 wt-%) alloys has been investigated. The alloys were fabricated using an induction melting method under an argon atmosphere. Potentiodynamic polarisation was carried out in 3·5%NaCl solution of pH 7·2 at room temperature to evaluate the corrosion properties of Mg–xCe–1Zn (x = 3, 8 and 13 wt-%) alloys. The microstructure of the Mg–(3, 8 and 13 wt-%)Ce–1Zn alloys mainly consisted of α-Mg and eutectic Mg12Ce phase. With the increase in Ce contents, the volume per cent and size of the eutectic Mg12Ce phase were increased. Results indicated that the corrosion rate of Mg–xCe–Zn alloy was increased by excessive Ce addition.