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Gingival repigmentation is an inevitable hindrance among different procedures accepted for gingival depigmentation. To overcome this, there is a need for the procedure that can delay the duration of reappearance of pigmentation. A number of studies using herbal extracts with antioxidant property shown to have anti melanogenic effect. In the present in - vitro study, we investigated the effect of banana stem and flower extracts on melanocytes, as Banana stem and flower are rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, which are potent antioxidants. The melanocytes were exposed to ethanolic extract of banana stem and flower at 2 concentrations (100 μgm, 150 μgm) for 72 h. The cellular melanin contents were measured using Bradford assay which depicted the reduction in the melanin content and Resazurin assay was used for assessment of cell viability showed no significant cytotoxic effect of banana stem and flower on the cells. The cells exposed to higher concentration (150 μgm) of banana stem and flower showed significant reduction in melanin content. Flower extract showed better reduction in the melanin content. Based on these results both banana flower and stem can be tried as potent gingival depigmenting agent.

The goal of this study was to measure the mechanical properties of porcine brain tissue and determine if they were dependent on anatomical region or direction. Multistep stress relaxation indentations with a cylindrical probe were performed at 10, 20, and 30% nominal strain on multiple regions in the sagittal, horizontal, and coronal planes. Linear and nonlinear (using the quasilinear theory of viscoelasticity [QLV]) constitutive formulations were applied to extract parameters to capture the mechanical behavior of brain tissue. The linear viscoelastic analytic approach provided the best fit to the experimental data of the models tested. Within each directional plane there were region-dependent differences. The cerebellum was the softest region within each loading direction. Although the majority of the regions were isotropic, the cerebellum white matter and thalamus were anisotropic. The characterization of these mechanical properties can be used to inform finite element models of the pig brain to help predict a more biofidelic response in animal models of traumatic brain injury. Statement of Significance: Finite element models been developed to predict brain tissue response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) to advance protective and preventative strategies. In order to improve the accuracy of these computational models, appropriate mechanical experimentation is required to identify brain viscoelasticity, heterogeneity, and anisotropy. Our custom indentation design allows for high spatial resolution to characterize mechanical properties based on anatomical region and loading direction. Due to the challenges in procuring human brain tissue, porcine brain models are a suitable substitute to study TBI based on its structural similarities to that of human brains. This study will further illuminate the complexity of brain tissue mechanics in response to injury loading.

Background and Objectives: The primary goal of periodontal therapy is to restore the tooth supporting tissues lost due to periodontal disease. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of combination of type I collagen (GTR membrane) and xenogenic bone graft with open flap debridement (OFD) in treatment of periodontal intrabony defects. Materials and Methods: Twenty paired intrabony defects were surgically treated using split mouth design. The defects were randomly assigned to treatment with OFD + collagen membrane + bone graft (Test) or OFD alone (Control). The clinical efficacy of two treatment modalities was evaluated at 9 month postoperatively by clinical, radiographical, and intrasurgical (re-entry) parameters. The measurements included probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), bone fill (BF), bone density (BD) and intra bony component (INTRA). Results: The mean reduction in PD at 0-9 month was 3.3±0.82 mm and CAL gain of 3.40±1.51 mm occurred in the collagen membrane + bone graft (Test) group; corresponding values for OFD (Control) were 2.20±0.63 mm and 1.90±0.57 mm. Similar pattern of improvement was observed when radiographical and intra-surgical (re-entry) post operative evaluation was made. All improvement in different parameters was statistically significant (P< 0.01). Interpretation and Conclusion: Treatment with a combination of collagen membrane and bone graft led to a significantly more favorable clinical outcome in intrabony defects as compared to OFD alone.

Tumours of round ligament of uterus are rare. Leiomyoma of the round ligament can present as inguinal swelling mimicking an incarcerated/ irreducible hernia / inguinal secondaries / lymph node. It arises from smooth muscle of round ligament. It can be diagnosed preoperatively by CT scan or following exploration. Surgery is the treatment of choice for this condition.

Within the macroscopic approach, investigation of different decay modes such as alpha-decay, cluster-decay ([sup.12]C to [sup.40]Ca), heavy particle radioactivity (HPR) ([sup.58]Ni to [sup.85]Rb), and spontaneous fission (SF) half-lives are investigated in detail in the superheavy element (SHE), Z = 119. The decay energies, penetration probability, and different decay half-lives in the isotopes of synthesized superheavy nuclei (SHN) [sup.290-303]119 are evaluated. Both [sup.12]C and [sup.40]Ar cluster emissions reveal shorter half-lives when compared to other cluster emissions. Furthermore, [sup.85]Rb heavy particle emission from the SHN [sup.290-303]119 discloses shorter half-lives compared to other heavy particle emissions. From the comparison of different decay half-lives, it is observed that [sup.85]Rb HPR is dominant in the region [sup.290-299]119, alpha-decay is dominant for the [sup.300-302]119, and SF half-lives are predominant in [sup.303]119 nuclei. Hence, the prediction of decay modes and decay path in the SHE, Z = 119 are helpful in the identification of experimentally synthesized SHE. Key words: spontaneous fission, half-lives, alpha-decay, cluster-decay, heavy particle radioactivity, 1. Introduction Superheavy elements (SHE) are chemical elements with atomic numbers more than 103. They are beyond the actinides in the periodic table and are created by fusing the atomic [...]

In this paper, we investigated every potential scenario for selenium-induced heavy ion fusion reactions using astatine isotopes as the target. In this context, we examined 7 4 , 7 6 − 8 0 , 8 2 Se projectiles and 2 0 9 − 2 1 1 At targets having longer half-lives of comprising 21 fusion reactions for the synthesis of superheavy element Z = 1 1 9. We assessed fusion cross-sections ( σ f u s ), compound nucleus formation probability ( P C N ), and survival probability ( P s u r ) for 7 4 , 7 6 − 8 0 , 8 2 Se projectiles on 2 0 9 − 2 1 1 At targets. The evaporation residue cross-sections ( σ E R ) is found to be larger for the fusion reaction of 8 2 Se + 2 1 0 At of about 14.1 fb. Hence, these striking results are useful in the synthesis of superheavy element Z = 1 1 9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]