Search

Your search keyword '"Southall, Brandon L."' showing total 380 results
Start Over Author "Southall, Brandon L."

Refine your results

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »
380 results on '"Southall, Brandon L."'

1. Understanding vessel noise across a network of marine protected areas

Author

McKenna, Megan F, Rowell, Timothy J, Margolina, Tetyana, Baumann-Pickering, Simone, Solsona-Berga, Alba, Adams, Jeffrey D, Joseph, John, Kim, Ella B, Kok, Annebelle CM, Kügler, Anke, Lammers, Marc O, Merkens, Karlina, Reeves, Lindsey Peavey, Southall, Brandon L, Stimpert, Alison K, Barkowski, Jack, Thompson, Michael A, Van Parijs, Sofie, Wall, Carrie C, Zang, Eden J, and Hatch, Leila T

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. The Effects of Noise on Animals

Author

Erbe, Christine, Dent, Micheal L., Gannon, William L., McCauley, Robert D., Römer, Heinrich, Southall, Brandon L., Stansbury, Amanda L., Stoeger, Angela S., Thomas, Jeanette A., Erbe, Christine, editor, and Thomas, Jeanette A., editor

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Marine mammals and sonar: Dose‐response studies, the risk‐disturbance hypothesis and the role of exposure context

Author

Harris, Catriona M, Thomas, Len, Falcone, Erin A, Hildebrand, John, Houser, Dorian, Kvadsheim, Petter H, Lam, Frans‐Peter A, Miller, Patrick JO, Moretti, David J, Read, Andrew J, Slabbekoorn, Hans, Southall, Brandon L, Tyack, Peter L, Wartzok, Douglas, and Janik, Vincent M

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, anthropogenic noise, anti-predator response, behavioural response, cetaceans, dose-response, human disturbance, impact assessment, marine mammals, sonar, Ecological Applications, Environmental Science and Management, Zoology, Environmental management
Abstract

Marine mammals may be negatively affected by anthropogenic noise. Behavioural response studies (BRS) aim to establish a relationship between noise exposure conditions (dose) from a potential stressor and associated behavioural responses of animals. A recent series of BRS have focused on the effects of naval sonar sounds on cetaceans. Here, we review the current state of understanding of naval sonar impact on marine mammals and highlight knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Many marine mammal species exhibit responses to naval sonar sounds. However, responses vary between and within individuals and populations, highlighting the importance of exposure context in modulating dose–response relationships. There is increasing support from both terrestrial and marine systems for the risk-disturbance hypothesis as an explanation for underlying response processes. This proposes that sonar sounds may be perceived by animals as a threat, evoking a response shaped by the underlying species-specific risk of predation and anti-predator strategy. An understanding of responses within both the dose–response and risk-disturbance frameworks may enhance our ability to predict responsiveness for unstudied species and populations. Many observed behavioural responses are energetically costly, but the way that these responses may lead to long-term individual and population-level impacts is poorly understood. Synthesis and applications. Behavioural response studies have greatly improved our understanding of the potential effects of naval sonar on marine mammals. Despite data gaps, we believe a dose-response approach within a risk-disturbance framework will enhance our ability to predict responsiveness for unstudied species and populations. We advocate for (1) regulatory frameworks to utilize peer-reviewed research findings when making predictions of impact, (2) regulatory frameworks to account for the inherent uncertainty in predictions of impact and (3) investment in monitoring programmes that are both directed by recent research and offer opportunities for validation of predictions at the individual and population level.

Published
2018

7. A multivariate mixed hidden Markov model to analyze blue whale diving behaviour during controlled sound exposures

Author

DeRuiter, Stacy L, Langrock, Roland, Skirbutas, Tomas, Goldbogen, Jeremy A, Chalambokidis, John, Friedlaender, Ari S, and Southall, Brandon L

Subjects
Statistics - Applications, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Characterization of multivariate time series of behaviour data from animal-borne sensors is challenging. Biologists require methods to objectively quantify baseline behaviour, then assess behaviour changes in response to environmental stimuli. Here, we apply hidden Markov models (HMMs) to characterize blue whale movement and diving behaviour, identifying latent states corresponding to three main underlying behaviour states: shallow feeding, travelling, and deep feeding. The model formulation accounts for inter-whale differences via a computationally efficient discrete random effect, and measures potential effects of experimental acoustic disturbance on between-state transition probabilities. We identify clear differences in blue whale disturbance response depending on the behavioural context during exposure, with whales less likely to initiate deep foraging behaviour during exposure. Findings are consistent with earlier studies using smaller samples, but the HMM approach provides more nuanced characterization of behaviour changes.

Published
2016

9. A call to rename Ziphius cavirostris the goose‐beaked whale: promoting inclusivity and diversity in marine mammalogy by re‐examining common names.

Author

Rogers, Ashley D., Lavelle, Aileen, Baird, Robin W., Bender, Arona, Borroni, Anna, Hinojasa, Gustavo Cárdenas, Cioffi, William R., Elliott, Brianna W., Harms, Craig, Harshbarger, Anne E., Jacoby, Ann‐Marie, Lienhard, Kathryn, Mantell, Sydney, McLellan, William A., Merrill, Greg, Pabst, D. Ann, Rittmaster, Keith, Rosso, Massimiliano, Schorr, Greg, and Southall, Brandon L.

Subjects
WHALES, HISTORY of science, MARINE mammals, BEAKED whales, SCIENTIFIC racism, FOSSIL bones
Abstract

This article discusses the recommendation to rename the species Ziphius cavirostris, commonly known as Cuvier's beaked whale, to the goose-beaked whale. The authors argue that the current name perpetuates harm due to Georges Cuvier's involvement in scientific racism and misogyny. They highlight Cuvier's role in creating and disseminating scientific racism, as well as his exploitation of Saartjie Baartman, a Khoisan woman. The authors call for the marine mammal science community to discontinue the use of Cuvier's name and to reconsider all eponymous names of marine mammal species, in order to create a more inclusive and respectful field. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

11. Behavioural responses of fin whales to military mid-frequency active sonar

Author

Southall, Brandon L., primary, Allen, Ann N., additional, Calambokidis, John, additional, Casey, Caroline, additional, DeRuiter, Stacy L., additional, Fregosi, Selene, additional, Friedlaender, Ari S., additional, Goldbogen, Jeremy A., additional, Harris, Catriona M., additional, Hazen, Elliott L., additional, Popov, Valentin, additional, and Stimpert, Alison K., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

15. Research Recommendations

Author

Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., Tavolga, William N., Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., and Tavolga, William N.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Sound Exposure Guidelines

Author

Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., Tavolga, William N., Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., and Tavolga, William N.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Effects of Sound Exposure

Author

Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., Tavolga, William N., Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., and Tavolga, William N.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. The Nature of Man-Made Sound

Author

Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., Tavolga, William N., Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., and Tavolga, William N.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

19. Hearing – A General Overview

Author

Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., Tavolga, William N., Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., and Tavolga, William N.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

26. Introduction

Author

Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., Tavolga, William N., Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., and Tavolga, William N.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

30. Contributors

Author

Acevedo-Gutiérrez, Alejandro, primary, Adam, Peter J., additional, Aguilar, Alex, additional, Amano, Masao, additional, Anderson, Paul K., additional, Archer, Frederick I., additional, Arnould, John P.Y., additional, Atkinson, Shannon, additional, Au, Whitlow W.L., additional, Aurioles-Gamboa, David, additional, Javier Aznar, F., additional, Baird, Robin W., additional, Baker, C. Scott, additional, Ballance, Lisa T., additional, Balbuena, Juan A., additional, Bannister, John L., additional, Barlow, Jay, additional, Barton, Sheri L., additional, Bearzi, Giovanni, additional, Beasley, Isabel, additional, Bekoff, Marc, additional, Ben-David, M., additional, Bengtson, John L., additional, Berta, Annalisa, additional, Bérubé, Martine, additional, Bester, Marthán N., additional, Bianucci, Giovanni, additional, Bjørge, Arne, additional, Black, Nancy A., additional, Bodkin, J.L., additional, Bonde, Robert K., additional, Borger, Jill, additional, Borrell, Asuncion, additional, Boveng, Peter, additional, Bowen, W.D., additional, Boyd, Ian L., additional, Braulik, Gillian T., additional, Brown, Alexander M., additional, Brownell, Robert L., additional, Buckland, Stephen T., additional, Burns, John J., additional, Cabrera, Andrea A., additional, Campagna, Claudio, additional, Cantor, Mauricio, additional, Cárdenas-Alayza, Susana, additional, Cárdenas-Hinojosa, Gustavo, additional, Castellini, Michael, additional, Cerchio, Salvatore, additional, Champagne, Cory D., additional, Chilvers, B. Louise, additional, Chivers, Susan J., additional, Cipriano, Frank, additional, Clapham, Phillip J., additional, Constantine, Rochelle, additional, Cooper, Lisa N., additional, Corkeron, Peter, additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Costidis, Alexander M., additional, Cowan, Daniel F., additional, Cranford, Ted, additional, Crespo, Enrique A., additional, Crocker, Daniel E., additional, Croll, Donald A., additional, da Silva, Vera M.F., additional, Danil, Kerri, additional, Darling, Jim, additional, Dawson, Stephen M., additional, de Muizon, Christian, additional, de Vos, Asha, additional, Dehnhardt, Guido, additional, DeMaster, Douglas P., additional, Deméré, Thomas A., additional, Dendrinos, Panagiotis, additional, Dill, Lawrence M., additional, Dizon, Andrew E., additional, L. Dolar, M. Louella, additional, Domning, Daryl P., additional, Donovan, G.P., additional, Dudzinski, Kathleen M., additional, Duffield, Deborah A., additional, Dyer, Michael P., additional, Ellis, Richard, additional, Eskelinen, Holli, additional, Estes, James A., additional, Evans, Peter G.H., additional, Fernández, Mercedes, additional, Fertl, Dagmar, additional, Fettuccia, Daniela de Castro, additional, Fiedler, Paul C., additional, Fish, Frank E., additional, Flores, Paulo A.C., additional, Forcada, Jaume, additional, Ford, John K.B., additional, Fordyce, R. Ewan, additional, Forestell, Paul H., additional, Forney, Karin A., additional, Fowler, Charles W., additional, Frankel, Adam S., additional, Friedlaender, Ari S., additional, Frohoff, Toni, additional, Frost, Kathryn J., additional, Galatius, Anders, additional, García-Vernet, Raquel, additional, Geisler, Jonathan H., additional, Gelatt, Thomas S., additional, Gentry, Roger, additional, George, J. Craig, additional, Gerrodette, Tim, additional, Goldbogen, Jeremy A., additional, Goldsworthy, Simon D., additional, P. Goodall, R. Natalie, additional, Goodman, Simon J., additional, Gregg, Justin D., additional, Hall, Ailsa J., additional, Hammill, Mike O., additional, Hammond, Philip S., additional, Hanke, Frederike D., additional, Hartman, Karin L., additional, Hazen, Elliott, additional, Heide-Jørgensen, M.P., additional, Heithaus, Michael R., additional, Herman, Louis M., additional, Herzing, Denise L., additional, Hewitt, Roger P., additional, Hindell, Mark A., additional, Hoelzel, A. Rus, additional, Hofmeyr, G. J. Greg, additional, Hohn, Aleta A., additional, Hooker, Sascha K., additional, Horstmann, Lara, additional, Horwood, Joseph, additional, Hoyt, Erich, additional, Hückstädt, Luis A., additional, Ivashchenko, Yulia V., additional, Iverson, Sara J., additional, Janik, Vincent M., additional, Jaramillo-Legorreta, Armando M., additional, Jefferson, Thomas A., additional, Jensen, Anne M., additional, Karamanlidis, Alexandros A., additional, Kasuya, Toshio, additional, Kato, Hidehiro, additional, Keith Diagne, Lucy W., additional, Kemp, Christopher, additional, Kemper, Catherine M., additional, Kenney, Robert D., additional, Kinze, Carl C., additional, Kirkman, Stephen P., additional, Kiszka, Jeremy J., additional, Koopman, Heather N., additional, Kooyman, Gerald L., additional, Kovacs, Kit M., additional, Kraus, Scott D., additional, Krysl, Petr, additional, Laidre, Kristin L., additional, Laitman, Jeffrey T., additional, Lambert, Olivier, additional, Landry, André M., additional, Lavigne, David M., additional, LeDuc, Rick, additional, Lipsky, Jessica D., additional, Littnan, Charles, additional, Loughlin, Thomas R., additional, Lowry, Lloyd, additional, Lowther, Andrew D., additional, Lydersen, Christian, additional, Maas, Mary C., additional, MacLean, Stephen A., additional, MacLeod, Colin D., additional, Mallette, Sarah D., additional, Mann, Janet, additional, Maresh, Jennifer L., additional, Marsh, Helene, additional, Marshall, Christopher D., additional, Martin, Anthony R., additional, Mass, Alla M., additional, McAlpine, Donald F., additional, Chris McKnight, J., additional, McLellan, William A., additional, Mead, James G., additional, Melin, Sharon R., additional, Merrick, Richard, additional, Mesnick, Sarah L., additional, Miller, Edward H., additional, Miller, Lance J., additional, Miller, Patrick J.O., additional, Miyazaki, Nobuyuki, additional, Moore, Jeffrey E., additional, Moore, Kathleen M., additional, Moore, Michael, additional, Moore, Sue E., additional, Moors-Murphy, Hilary B., additional, Morin, Phillip A., additional, Newman, William A., additional, Newton, Kelly M., additional, Nieto-García, Edwyna, additional, Northridge, Simon, additional, Nummela, Sirpa, additional, O'Brien, Justine K., additional, O'Corry-Crowe, Gregory M., additional, Olsen, Morten T., additional, Olson, Paula A., additional, Oppenheimer, Jonas, additional, Orbach, Dara N., additional, Ortiz, Rudy M., additional, Pabst, D. Ann, additional, Palsbøll, Per J., additional, Parra, Guido J., additional, Patterson, Eric, additional, Paves-Hernández, Héctor, additional, Perrin, William F., additional, Perryman, Wayne L., additional, Pitman, Robert, additional, Pomeroy, Patrick P., additional, Ponganis, Paul J., additional, Powell, James A., additional, Pyenson, Nicholas D., additional, Racicot, Rachel, additional, Raga, J. Antonio, additional, Ralls, Katherine, additional, Raverty, Stephen, additional, Read, Andrew J., additional, Reeves, Randall R., additional, Regehr, Eric V., additional, Reggente, Melissa A.L., additional, Reidenberg, Joy S., additional, Reijnders, Peter J.H., additional, Reyes, Julio C., additional, Reynolds, John E., additional, Robeck, Todd R., additional, Robinson, Kelly J., additional, Rode, Karyn, additional, Rogers, Tracey, additional, Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo, additional, Roman, Joe, additional, Rommel, Sentiel A., additional, Roos, Marjoleine M.H., additional, Rosel, Patricia E., additional, Rowntree, Victoria J., additional, Rugh, David, additional, Russell, Debbie J.F., additional, Sayigh, Laela S., additional, Scolardi, Kerri M., additional, Scott, Michael D., additional, Sears, Richard, additional, Seger, Jon, additional, Sharp, Sarah, additional, Sheehan, Glenn W., additional, Silber, Gregory K., additional, Simeone, Claire A., additional, Smith, Brian D., additional, Southall, Brandon L., additional, Spitz, Jérôme, additional, Spoor, Fred, additional, Stacey, Rita, additional, Staniland, Iain J., additional, Steel, Debbie, additional, Stern, S. Jonathan, additional, Stewart, Brent S., additional, Supin, Alexander Y., additional, Suydam, R., additional, Swartz, Steven L., additional, Teilmann, Jonas, additional, Tershy, Bernie R., additional, Thewissen, J.G.M., additional, Tinker, M.T., additional, Tolley, Krystal A., additional, Trillmich, Fritz, additional, Trites, Andrew W., additional, Turner, Ted, additional, Twiss, Sean D., additional, Tyack, Peter L., additional, Uhen, Mark D., additional, Van Franeker, Jan A., additional, Van Waerebeek, Koen, additional, Wade, Paul R., additional, Wang, John Y., additional, Weller, David W., additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, Werth, Alexander J., additional, Whitehead, Hal, additional, Williams, Terrie M., additional, Würsig, Bernd, additional, Yablokov, Alexey V., additional, Yamada, Tadasu K., additional, Yamato, Maya, additional, Yochem, Pamela K., additional, York, Anne E., additional, and Zhou, Kaiya, additional

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

37. Managing the effects of multiple stressors on wildlife populations in their ecosystems: developing a cumulative risk approach

Author

Tyack, Peter L., primary, Thomas, Len, additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Hall, Ailsa J., additional, Harris, Catriona M., additional, Harwood, John, additional, Kraus, Scott D., additional, Miller, Patrick J. O., additional, Moore, Michael, additional, Photopoulou, Theoni, additional, Pirotta, Enrico, additional, Rolland, Rosalind M., additional, Schwacke, Lori H., additional, Simmons, Samantha E., additional, and Southall, Brandon L., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Oceanic giants dance to atmospheric rhythms: Ephemeral wind‐driven resource tracking by blue whales

Author

Ryan, John P., primary, Benoit‐Bird, Kelly J., additional, Oestreich, William K., additional, Leary, Paul, additional, Smith, Kevin B., additional, Waluk, Chad M., additional, Cade, David E., additional, Fahlbusch, James A., additional, Southall, Brandon L., additional, Joseph, John E., additional, Margolina, Tetyana, additional, Calambokidis, John, additional, DeVogelaere, Andrew, additional, and Goldbogen, Jeremy A., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. Classification of Fishes and Sea Turtles with Respect to Sound Exposure Risk

Author

Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., Tavolga, William N., Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., and Tavolga, William N.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Summary and Conclusions

Author

Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., Tavolga, William N., Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., and Tavolga, William N.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Aquatic Organisms of Concern

Author

Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., Tavolga, William N., Popper, Arthur N., Hawkins, Anthony D., Fay, Richard R., Mann, David A., Bartol, Soraya, Carlson, Thomas J., Coombs, Sheryl, Ellison, William T., Gentry, Roger L., Halvorsen, Michele B., Løkkeborg, Svein, Rogers, Peter H., Southall, Brandon L., Zeddies, David G., and Tavolga, William N.

Published
2014
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: a new perspective on a longstanding challenge

Author

Pirotta, Enrico, Thomas, Len, Costa, Daniel P., Hall, Ailsa J., Harris, Catriona M., Harwood, John, Kraus, Scott D., Miller, Patrick J. O., Moore, Michael J., Photopoulou, Theoni, Rolland, Rosalind M., Schwacke, Lori, Simmons, Samantha E., Southall, Brandon L., Tyack, Peter L., Pirotta, Enrico, Thomas, Len, Costa, Daniel P., Hall, Ailsa J., Harris, Catriona M., Harwood, John, Kraus, Scott D., Miller, Patrick J. O., Moore, Michael J., Photopoulou, Theoni, Rolland, Rosalind M., Schwacke, Lori, Simmons, Samantha E., Southall, Brandon L., and Tyack, Peter L.

Abstract

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Pirotta, E., Thomas, L., Costa, D., Hall, A., Harris, C., Harwood, J., Kraus, S., Miller, P., Moore, M., Photopoulou, T., Rolland, R., Schwacke, L., Simmons, S., Southall, B., & Tyack, P. Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: a new perspective on a longstanding challenge. Science of The Total Environment, 821, (2022): 153322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153322., Wildlife populations and their habitats are exposed to an expanding diversity and intensity of stressors caused by human activities, within the broader context of natural processes and increasing pressure from climate change. Estimating how these multiple stressors affect individuals, populations, and ecosystems is thus of growing importance. However, their combined effects often cannot be predicted reliably from the individual effects of each stressor, and we lack the mechanistic understanding and analytical tools to predict their joint outcomes. We review the science of multiple stressors and present a conceptual framework that captures and reconciles the variety of existing approaches for assessing combined effects. Specifically, we show that all approaches lie along a spectrum, reflecting increasing assumptions about the mechanisms that regulate the action of single stressors and their combined effects. An emphasis on mechanisms improves analytical precision and predictive power but could introduce bias if the underlying assumptions are incorrect. A purely empirical approach has less risk of bias but requires adequate data on the effects of the full range of anticipated combinations of stressor types and magnitudes. We illustrate how this spectrum can be formalised into specific analytical methods, using an example of North Atlantic right whales feeding on limited prey resources while simultaneously being affected by entanglement in fishing gear. In practice, case-specific management needs and data availability will guide the exploration of the stressor combinations of interest and the selection of a suitable trade-off between precision and bias. We argue that the primary goal for adaptive management should be to identify the most practical and effective ways to remove or reduce specific combinations of stressors, bringing the risk of adverse impacts on populations and ecosystems below acceptable thresholds., This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research [grant numbers N000142012697, N000142112096]; and the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program [grant numbers RC20-1097, RC20-7188, RC21-3091].

Published
2022

46. Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: A new perspective on a longstanding challenge

Author

Pirotta, Enrico, primary, Thomas, Len, additional, Costa, Daniel P., additional, Hall, Ailsa J., additional, Harris, Catriona M., additional, Harwood, John, additional, Kraus, Scott D., additional, Miller, Patrick J.O., additional, Moore, Michael J., additional, Photopoulou, Theoni, additional, Rolland, Rosalind M., additional, Schwacke, Lori, additional, Simmons, Samantha E., additional, Southall, Brandon L., additional, and Tyack, Peter L., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results