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Functional Ankle Instability (FAI) is the subject of extensive research in sports and other environments. Given the importance of accurately measuring this latent construct, it is imperative to carry out a careful assessment of the available tools. In this context, the aim of this review was to take an in-depth look at the six most cited measurement tools to assess FAI, with a specific focus on patient-reported outcome measures related to ankle and foot. Four electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed, and SportDiscus) were searched (up to November 2022) to identify the six most cited questionnaires for assessing FAI. Our analysis showed that the most cited questionnaires are the following: the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), the Foot Function Index (FFI), the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), the Olerud and Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), and the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). Each questionnaire was thoroughly assessed and discussed in three sections: Development, Reliability, and Summaries. In addition, bibliometric data were calculated to analyze the relevance of each questionnaire. Despite variations in terms of validity and reliability, conceptualization, structure, and usefulness, the six questionnaires proved to be robust from a psychometric point of view, being widely supported in the literature. The bibliometric analyses suggested that the FAOS ranks first and the FFI ranks sixth in the weighted average of the impact factors of their original publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional Ankle Instability (FAI) is a subject of extensive research, both in sports and other fields. In that context, the aim of this revision was to analyse profoundly the six most cited self-report survey tools. Peerreviewed articles published before November 2022 were searched to identify the six most cited FAI assessment questionnaires: Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Foot Function Index (FFI), Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Olerud and Molander Ankle Score (OMAS) and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). In addition, bibliometric data was calculated, including the weighted average impact factor, and other indicators such as references per year were also considered to analyse the relevance of each questionnaire. Bibliometric analyses suggested that the FAOS occupies the first place and the FFI occupies the sixth place in the weighted average of impact factors of their original publications. Consideration of psychometric strengths/limitations of each questionnaire and the conceptualization of instability in the context of specific research questions should guide investigators in selecting the most appropriate instrument to estimate functional instability in sport. The weighted average impact factor of each questionnaire also presents itself as a relevant metric to be considered. With these considerations, guidance for investigators is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boxing has been popular among athletes and spectators for centuries, as well as the injuries that come with it. The aim of this study was to quantify the injuries incidence (II) over the past 3 years and to detect common injury patterns and risk factors among boxing performers (BP). It was produced a 66-item questionnaire shared by BP. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software version 29.0. The significance level was 5%. Data is presented with average ± standard deviation for quantitative variables and as frequency and percentage for qualitative variables. Normality was verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. A threestep hierarchical linear regression was performed. After selection we obtained 583 answers (76.0 % male; 29.15 ± 10.99 age; 173.65 ± 13.29 cm height; 74.42 ± 14.83 kg weight). There were 146 B (21.4%) one injury, 21 (3.6%) two injuries. We found an injuries incidence of 0.53 injuries per 1000 training hours per year. The highest number of injuries was during sparring (34.3%) and the most frequent was inflammation (28.1%). The following risk factors were significant: athletes' height (p = .001), competition (p = .047), and strength training (p = .036). In our study, we concluded that the lesions incidence was low, compared to previous studies and it supports the literature regarding the decrease of II, namely in amateur boxing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]