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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused a global health crisis. It also leads to different types of psychosocial problems in society as a result of preventive health measures and the disease itself. Among others, psychopathological symptoms and suicide behaviors have increased. The PsicorecurSOS COVID-19 online protocol was designed. At baseline, 1020 Spanish adults were assessed, during confinement, for sociodemographics, fear of COVID-19, anxious-depressive symptoms, covitality, and suicidal ideation. Reliability, descriptive, and frequency analyses were carried out, and the computer tool SPSS PROCESS was used to carry out a conditional process analysis (model 59). A total of 595 participants were included (58.30% response rate from baseline; mean age = 37.18 [SD = 13.30]; 72.44% female). Regarding suicidal ideation, 12% responded differently to “never,” 19.3% exceeded the cutoff point on the anxiety scale, and 24% on the depression scale. Moderate mediation analysis explained 27% of the variance in suicidal ideation. In addition, the indirect effect of moderate mediation was significant (b = −.004, SE = .002 with the presence of covitality; and b = .01, SE = .003 absence of covitality). Sex and age did not influence the overall outcome of the model. The data from this study can serve as a starting point for generating social and health treatment initiatives based on self-examination of anxiety-depressive symptoms and increasing socio-emotional skills in order to prevent and alleviate the psychosocial effects of the pandemic.

Las conductas autolesivas en niños y jóvenes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) entrañan riesgos para su integridad física, afectan a su calidad de vida, la de sus familias y dificultan su integración en el ámbito escolar y social, integración ya de por sí limitada por las características propias de este tipo de trastornos. Aunque hay pocos estudios sobre autolesiones en esta población, en general se ha visto que, a mayor afectación y menor nivel cognitivo, las conductas autolesivas son más frecuentes que en casos más leves. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la eficacia de las intervenciones de tipo cognitivo-conductual para la reducción de conductas autolesivas en niños y jóvenes con TEA. Para ello se realizaron búsquedas en PsycINFO, Scopus y Google Scholar. La revisión incluyó estudios en lengua inglesa o española sobre intervenciones de tipo cognitivo-conductual para reducir conductas autolesivas en niños y jóvenes con TEA; con muestras formadas por personas TEA entre 1 y 30 años que presentaban conductas autolesivas; y realizados entre 1970 y 2022. De los 228 estudios identificados, solo 7 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los estudios incluidos en la presente revisión incluyeron participantes entre los 3 y los 26 años diagnosticados con TEA y fueron publicados entre 1974 y 2015, evidenciando la eficacia de las intervenciones cognitivo-conductuales. Aunque dichos estudios muestran resultados positivos tras las intervenciones, su número es escaso, por lo que es necesario seguir investigando sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones de carácter cognitivo-conductual para reducir conductas autolesivas en niños y jóvenes con TEA Cognitive-behavioural interventions to decrease self-injurious behaviours in children and young people with ASD: A Systematic Review. Self-injurious behaviours in children and young people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) imply risks to their physical integrity and affect their quality of life and that of their families. In addition, they hinder their integration into the school and social environments, this being limited by the characteristics of this type of disorder. Although there is little information about self-harm in this population, in general it has been seen that the greater the affectation and the lower the cognitive level, the more prevalent self-injurious behaviours are. The aim of this study was to review the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions for the reduction of self-injurious behaviors in children and youth with ASD. For it, we searched PsycINFO, Scopus and Google Scholar. The review included studies in English or Spanish languages on cognitive-behavioral interventions to reduce self-injurious behaviors in children and youth with ASD; with samples consisting of individuals with ASD between 1 and 30 years of age presenting self-injurious behaviors; and conducted between 1970 and 2022. Of the 228 studies identified, only 7 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies included participants between the ages of 3 and 26 years diagnosed with ASD and were published between 1974 and 2015, evidencing the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral interventions. Although these studies show positive post-intervention results, they are scarce in number. Further research is therefore needed on the effectiveness of behavioural and cognitive interventions to reduce self-injurious behaviours in children and young people with ASD

OBJECTIVES: Mental disorders and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB) are common and burdensome among college students. Although available evidence suggests that only a small proportion of the students with these conditions receive treatment, broad-based data on patterns of treatment are lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the receipt of mental health treatment among college students cross-nationally. METHODS: Web-based self-report surveys were obtained from 13,984 first year students from 19 colleges in eight countries across the world as part of the World Health Organization's World Mental Health-International College Student Initiative. The survey assessed lifetime and 12-month common mental disorders/STB and treatment of these conditions. RESULTS: Lifetime and 12-month treatment rates were very low, with estimates of 25.3-36.3% for mental disorders and 29.5-36.1% for STB. Treatment was positively associated with STB severity. However, even among severe cases, lifetime and 12-month treatment rates were never higher than 60.0% and 45.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: High unmet need for treatment of mental disorders and STB exists among college students. In order to resolve the problem of high unmet need, a reallocation of resources may focus on innovative, low-threshold, inexpensive, and scalable interventions. ispartof: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF METHODS IN PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH vol:28 issue:2 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Online alcohol screening may be helpful in preventing alcohol use disorders. We assessed psychometric properties of an online version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) among Spanish university students. We used a longitudinal online survey (the UNIVERSAL project) of first-year students (18-24 years old) in five universities, including the AUDIT, as part of the WHO World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative. A reappraisal interview was carried out with the Timeline Followback (TLFB) for alcohol consumption categories and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for alcohol use disorder. Reliability, construct validity and diagnostic accuracy were assessed. Results: 287 students (75% women) completed the MINI, of whom 242 also completed the TLFB. AUDIT's Cronbach's alpha was 0.82. The confirmatory factor analysis for the one-factor solution of the AUDIT showed a good fit to the data. Significant AUDIT score differences were observed by TLFB categories and by MINI disorders. Areas under the curve (AUC) were very large for dependence (AUC = 0.96) and adequate for consumption categories (AUC > 0.7). AUDIT cut-off points of 6/8 (women/men) for moderate-risk drinking and 13 for alcohol dependence showed sensitivity/specificity of 76.2%/78.9% and 56%/97.5%, respectively. The online version of the AUDIT is useful for detecting alcohol consumption categories and alcohol dependence in Spanish university students., This research was funded by Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER (PI13/00343); Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social, Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas PNSD (exp.2015I015); and from the DIUE of the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR452). L. Ballester was supported by an FPU grant (FPU15/05728); M. J. Blasco was supported by a Rio Hortega grant (ISCIII, CM14/00125); P. Castellvi was supported by a Sara Borrell grant (ISCIII, CD12/00440), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the European Commission, the University of Jaen, Spain (R08/06/2018) and the Instituto de Estudios Giennenses; and P. Mortier was supported by a Sara Borrell grant (ISCIII, CD18/00049).

Programa de Doctorado en Deporte y Salud El suicidio es un grave problema en todo el mundo. Es la segunda causa principal de muerte en adolescentes y jóvenes adultos de 15 a 29 años. Si bien la asociación entre los trastornos mentales y el suicidio ha sido ampliamente reconocida, existe controversia al determinar qué sintomatología específica de los diferentes cuadros clínicos se encuentra directamente relacionada con esta problemática. En este sentido, la presencia de sintomatología interiorizada y exteriorizada se ha vinculado a un mayor riesgo de suicidio a estas edades. Debido a la gravedad del problema y a la falta de información sobre el papel que ejercen los síntomas interiorizados y exteriorizados como factores de riesgo para la conducta suicida y el suicidio entre los adolescentes, es necesario ahondar en este tema. Por ello, el objetivo de esta tesis es analizar esta relación, así como actualizar los datos sobre la eficacia de los programas de prevención en dicha población. Para ello se desarrollan cuatro estudios, de acuerdo con los objetivos específicos planteados. Estudio 1: En este trabajo se evaluaron los síntomas interiorizados y exteriorizados como factores de riesgo para el comportamiento suicida y el suicidio en adolescentes y jóvenes adultos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de los artículos publicados hasta enero de 2017. Se identificaron 26.883 documentos potenciales; se evaluó la elegibilidad de 1.701 artículos de texto completo, de los cuales 1.660 se excluyeron por razones metodológicas. Se realizaron diversos metaanálisis para cada grupo de síntomas. Se calcularon los odds-ratios (OR) y los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC del 95%) o los coeficientes beta para las variables categóricas, y el tamaño del efecto (TE) para las variables continuas. Finalmente, se incluyeron 41 estudios, con participantes de 12 a 26 años de edad para un análisis cualitativo, y 26 de estos artículos para el metaanálisis. El metaanálisis mostró que los adolescentes y jóvenes adultos con síntomas interiorizados (TE = 0,93) o exteriorizados (TE = 0,76 y OR = 2,59) tienen más probabilidades de intentar suicidarse en el futuro. Este efecto también se observó en los síntomas de depresión (OR = 6,57 y TE = 1,00), problemas legales (OR = 3,36) y ansiedad (TE = 0,65). Los síntomas interiorizados y exteriorizados son predictores del comportamiento suicida en los jóvenes; por lo tanto, la detección y el tratamiento de estos síntomas en las poblaciones de adolescentes y jóvenes adultos podría ser una estrategia crucial para prevenir el suicidio en este grupo. Estudio 2: En este trabajo se investigó la relación entre los síntomas interiorizados y las conductas de suicidio en niños y adolescentes a través de un estudio transversal. En total, 1.499 participantes entre 8 y 18 años completaron un protocolo online. Se aplicaron análisis de regresión para analizar la relación entre padecer sintomatología interiorizada con la conducta suicida y el análisis de procesos de mediación (modelo 4) a través de PROCESS Statistical Package. La frecuencia de conductas y/o pensamientos de suicidio en niños y adolescentes fue del 11,90% y 21,30%, respectivamente. Las asociaciones más fuertes con la conducta suicida (p < 0,001), tanto en la regresión univariada como multivariada, se dieron con ser adolescente, tener sintomatología de depresión mayor (DM) y de trastorno de pánico/agorafobia (TPA). Los mayores valores de OR en el modelo multivariado se encontraron para las variables DM (OR = 3,56; 95% IC = 2,53–4,10) y TPA (OR = 3,09; 95% IC = 2,05–4,66). El modelo de regresión con DM mediando entre TPA y la conducta suicida, explicó un 17% de la varianza de la conducta suicida en adolescentes, con un efecto indirecto de la mediación estadísticamente significativo. Según los datos, los adolescentes con sintomatología interiorizada (en concreto síntomas de TPA y DM) tienen mayor riesgo de conducta de suicidio. Por tanto, es necesario impulsar programas para detectar de forma temprana la sintomatología emocional ansiosa y depresiva para prevenir el suicidio. Estudio 3: En esta publicación se examinó la relación entre la sintomatología interiorizada y exteriorizada y las conductas de suicidio a través de un estudio longitudinal. La muestra consistió en 238 adolescentes de 12 a 18 años de edad. Los datos se analizaron a través de PROCESS Statistical Package (modelo 6). Los resultados principales mostraron que los síntomas de depresión previos, a través de los comportamientos suicidas previos y los síntomas de depresión actuales, tenían un efecto indirecto estadísticamente significativo sobre los comportamientos de suicidio actuales, representando el 61% de la varianza total explicada. Además, ser chica aumentaba este riesgo. Por lo tanto, la implementación de programas de identificación e intervención temprana para tratar los síntomas de depresión y las conductas de suicidio en edades tempranas podría reducir significativamente el riesgo de conductas de suicidio futuras durante la adolescencia. Estudio 4: En esta publicación se abordó una revisión de los programas de prevención del suicidio a nivel internacional en población de niños y adolescentes con la finalidad de conocer su eficacia. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de los estudios publicados en diferentes bases de datos. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: (a) artículos que midieran la eficacia del programa de prevención primaria del suicidio; (b) dirigidos a muestra de 20 años o menor; (c) que incluyeran ideación y/o intento de suicidio; (d) en inglés o español; (e) N > 1; (f) cualquier ámbito de actuación. Con ello se obtuvieron un total de 37 estudios. Tras la intervención se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en comportamientos de suicidio, depresión, conocimiento sobre suicidio, desesperanza, ansiedad, consumo de alcohol y otras drogas, factores familiares y sociales, habilidades de afrontamiento y malestar. Finalmente, aunque se hallaron resultados positivos tras las intervenciones, pocos estudios aportaron información suficiente para valorar dicha eficacia en relación con el tamaño del efecto de la intervención y aleatorización de la muestra. Por tanto, aunque estos programas pueden servir de apoyo, todavía es necesario seguir investigando al respecto. Suicide is the second leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 29 years. Specifically, the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptomatology is related to the increased risk for suicide at these ages. The association between a history of mental disorders and suicide has been widely recognized. However, the relationship between internalizing and externalizing symptoms of those mental disorders and suicide remains contentious. Therefore, due to the severity of the problem and the lack of information on the relationship between internalizing and externalizing symptoms as risk factors for suicidal behavior and suicide among adolescents, it is necessary to explore this issue further. For this reason, the aim of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between internalizing and externalizing symptoms and suicide and attempted suicide in adolescents, as well as to update information on the effectiveness of prevention programs in this population. To this end, four studies are being developed, each of them related to a specific objective. Study 1: This paper evaluates internalizing and externalizing symptoms as risk factors for suicidal behaviour and suicide among adolescents and young adults. We conducted a systematic review of articles published until January 2017. We identified 26,883 potential papers; 1,701 fulltext articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 1,660 were excluded because of methodological reasons. Diverse meta-analyses were performed for each group of symptoms. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) or beta coefficients for categorical variables, and effect size (ES) are calculated for continuous variables. Finally, 41 studies were included, involving participants aged 12–26 years for a systematic review, and 26 articles were included for meta-analysis. The meta-analysis show that youths with any internalizing (ES = 0.93) or externalizing symptoms (ES = 0.76 and OR = 2.59) are more likely to attempt suicide in future. This effect is also seen in depression symptoms (OR = 6.57 and ES = 1.00), legal problems (OR = 3.36), and anxiety (ES = 0.65). Reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms are predictors of suicide behaviour in young people; therefore, the detection and management of these symptoms in young populations could be a crucial strategy for preventing suicidality in this group. Study 2: this work investigates the association between internalizing symptoms and suicide behaviors in children and adolescents through a cross-sectional study. A total of 1,499 participants completed online questionnaire. Regression analysis are used to investigate the association between internalizing symptomatology and suicidal behavior and conditional process analysis (model 4). The prevalence of suicidal behavior in Spanish children and adolescents are 11.9 and 21.3%, respectively. The strongest associations with suicidal behavior (p < .001) are: being an adolescent, having symptoms of major depression (MD), and panic disorder (PD) in univariate and multivariate regression. In multivariate analysis, the highest Odd Ratio values are found for DM (OR = 3.56, 95% CI = 2.53-4.10) and TPA (OR = 3.09, 95% CI = 2.05-4.66). The regression model with DM show that TPA symptoms had a significant indirect effect, through depression symptoms, on suicide behaviors, accounting for 17% of the total variance explained in adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary the implementation of early identification and intervention programs to address anxious and depressive symptomatology and prevent suicide in adolescents. Study 3: This study examines the relation between internalizing and externalizing symptomatology and suicide behaviors through a longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 238 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. The data was analyzed via PROCESS Statistical Package. The main results show that previous depression symptoms have a significant indirect effect, through previous suicide behaviors and current depression symptoms, on current suicide behaviors, accounting for 61% of the total variance explained. Additionally, being a girl increase this risk. Therefore, the implementation of early identification and intervention programs to address youth symptoms of depression and suicidal behaviors could significantly reduce the risk for future suicidal behaviors in adolescence. Study 4: This article deals with a review of prevention programmes at an international level in this population, with the aim of ascertaining their effectiveness. A systematic review of studies published in different databases was carried out. The inclusion criteria were: (a) articles measuring the effectiveness of the primary suicide prevention programme; (b) aimed at a sample from 0 to 20 years of age; (c) including an idea and/or attempted suicide; (d) in English or Spanish; (e) samples greater than 1; (f) in any field of action. This resulted in a total of 37 studies. After the intervention, there were statistically significant differences in suicide behaviours, depression, knowledge about suicide, hopelessness, anxiety, alcohol and drug use, family and social factors, coping skills and distress. Finally, although there are positive results after the interventions, only a few provided enough information to assess their efficacy in relation to the size of the intervention effect and randomization of the sample. Therefore, although these programmes may be supportive, further research is needed.

Durante los últimos años ha habido un aumento en el suicidio en población de 12 a 25 años, siendo la segunda causa de fallecimiento en este grupo etario. La aplicación de programas de prevención en esta población es posible y eficaz. Hasta la fecha se han llevado a cabo diferentes programas de prevención en población adolescente comunitaria, la mayoría con cierta heterogeneidad en los resultados. Por ello, el presente artículo aborda una revisión de los programas de prevención a nivel internacional en esta población, con la finalidad de conocer su eficacia. Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de los estudios publicados en diferentes bases de datos. Los criterios de inclusión fueron; (a) artículos que midieran la eficacia del programa de prevención primaria del suicidio; (b) dirigidos a muestra de 0 a 20 años; (c) que incluyeran ideación y/o intento de suicidio; (d) en inglés o español; (e) muestras mayores a 1; (f) en cualquier ámbito de actuación. Con ello se obtuvo un total de 37 estudios. Tras la intervención se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en comportamientos de suicidio, depresión, conocimiento sobre suicidio, desesperanza, ansiedad, consumo de alcohol y drogas, factores familiares y sociales, habilidades de afrontamiento y malestar. Finalmente, aunque hay resultados positivos tras las intervenciones, fueron pocos los que aportaron información suficiente para valorar dicha eficacia en relación con el tamaño del efecto de la intervención y aleatorización de la muestra. Por tanto, aunque estos programas pueden servir de apoyo, todavía es necesario seguir investigando al respecto. Systematic review of adolescent suicide prevention programs in community settings. During the last years there has been an increase in suicide in the population from 12 to 25 years, being the second cause of death in this age group. The implementation of prevention programs in this population is possible and effective. To date, different prevention programmes have been carried out in the community adolescent population, most of them with heterogeneous results. For this reason, this article deals with a review of prevention programmes at an international level in this population, with the aim of ascertaining their effectiveness. A systematic review of studies published in different databases was carried out. The inclusion criteria were: (a) articles measuring the effectiveness of the primary suicide prevention programme; (b) aimed at a sample from 0 to 20 years of age; (c) including an idea and/or attempted suicide; (d) in English or Spanish; (e) samples greater than 1; (f) in any field of action. This resulted in a total of 37 studies. After the intervention, there were statistically significant differences in suicide behaviours, depression, knowledge about suicide, hopelessness, anxiety, alcohol and drug use, family and social factors, coping skills and distress. Finally, although there are positive results after the interventions, few provided sufficient information to assess their efficacy in relation to the size of the intervention effect and randomization of the sample. Therefore, although these programmes may be supportive, further research is needed.

Resumen tomado de la publicación Autoestima y comportamiento suicida en jóvenes: un metaanálisis de estudios longitudinales. Antecedentes: según la literatura, la baja autoestima es un factor de riesgo para los intentos de suicidio, pero no se han realizado metaanálisis para evaluar esta asociación entre los adolescentes/jóvenes. El presente estudio examinó la relación entre la baja autoestima y los intentos de suicidio entre los jóvenes (12-26 años de edad). Método: los metaanálisis se realizaron mediante modelos de efectos aleatorios, con tamaños del efecto (TE) y odds-ratio (OR). Se realizaron análisis de heterogeneidad y sensibilidad. Resultados: de 2.883 trabajos iniciales, 22 estudios cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, de los cuales 9 estudios tenían datos que podían incluirse en el meta-análisis. El meta-análisis mostró que los jóvenes con menor autoestima eran más propensos a tener intentos futuros de suicidio, con un tamaño del efecto (autoestima como variable continua) de TE = 0,58 (IC del 95%: 0,44 a 0,73) y para la autoestima baja (variable categórica), un OR = 1,99 (IC del 95%: 1,39 a 2,86; p

Objective To assess the accuracy of WMH-ICS online screening scales for evaluating four common mental disorders (Major Depressive Episode[MDE], Mania/Hypomania[M/H], Panic Disorder[PD], Generalized Anxiety Disorder[GAD]) and suicidal thoughts and behaviors[STB] used in the UNIVERSAL project. Methods Clinical diagnostic reappraisal was carried out on a subsample of the UNIVERSAL project, a longitudinal online survey of first year Spanish students (18-24 years old), part of the WHO World Mental Health-International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative. Lifetime and 12month prevalence of MDE, M/H, PD, GAD and STB were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Screening Scales [CIDI-SC], the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview [SITBI] and the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale [C-SSRS]. Trained clinical psychologists, blinded to responses in the initial survey, administered via telephone the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview [MINI]. Measures of diagnostic accuracy and McNemar chi(2) test were calculated. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to maximize diagnostic capacity. Results A total of 287 students were included in the clinical reappraisal study. For 12-month and lifetime mood disorders, sensitivity/specificity were 67%/88.6% and 65%/73.3%, respectively. For 12-month and lifetime anxiety disorders, these were 76.8%/86.5% and 59.6%/71.1%, and for 12-month and lifetime STB, 75.9%/94.8% and 87.2%/86.3%. For 12-month and lifetime mood disorders, anxiety disorders and STB, positive predictive values were in the range of 18.1-55.1% and negative predictive values 90.2-99.0%; likelihood ratios positive were in the range of 2.1-14.6 and likelihood ratios negative 0.1-0.6. All outcomes showed adequate areas under the curve [AUCs] (AUC> 0.7), except M/H and PD (AUC = 0.6). Post hoc analyses to select optimal diagnostic thresholds led to improved concordance for all diagnoses (AUCs> 0.8). Conclusion The WMS-ICS survey showed reasonable concordance with the MINI telephone interviews performed by mental health professionals, when utilizing optimized cut-off scores. The current study provides initial evidence that the WMS-ICS survey might be useful for screening purposes., This project was supported by: Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER (PI13/00343); Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas PNSD (exp.2015I015); and from the DIUE of the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR452). L. Ballester was supported by FPU grant (FPU15/05728); M. J. Blasco was supported byRio Hortega grant (CM14/00125); P. Castellvi and P. Mortier were supported by a Sara Borrell grant (CD12/00440, and CD18/00049, resp.). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Increasingly, colleges across the world are contending with rising rates of mental disorders, and in many cases, the demand for services on campus far exceeds the available resources. The present study reports initial results from the first stage of the WHO World Mental Health International College Student project, in which a series of surveys in 19 colleges across 8 countries (Australia, Belgium, Germany, Mexico, Northern Ireland, South Africa, Spain, United States) were carried out with the aim of estimating prevalence and basic sociodemographic correlates of common mental disorders among first-year college students. Web-based self-report questionnaires administered to incoming first-year students (45.5% pooled response rate) screened for six common lifetime and 12-month DSM-IV mental disorders: major depression, mania/hypomania, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, alcohol use disorder, and substance use disorder. We focus on the 13,984 respondents who were full-time students: 35% of whom screened positive for at least one of the common lifetime disorders assessed and 31% screened positive for at least one 12-month disorder. Syndromes typically had onsets in early to middle adolescence and persisted into the year of the survey. Although relatively modest, the strongest correlates of screening positive were older age, female sex, unmarried-deceased parents, no religious affiliation, nonheterosexual identification and behavior, low secondary school ranking, and extrinsic motivation for college enrollment. The weakness of these associations means that the syndromes considered are widely distributed with respect to these variables in the student population. Although the extent to which cost-effective treatment would reduce these risks is unclear, the high level of need for mental health services implied by these results represents a major challenge to institutions of higher education and governments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved). ispartof: JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY vol:127 issue:7 pages:623-638 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Background Although mental disorders and suicidal thoughts-behaviors (suicidal thoughts and behaviors) are common among university students, the majority of students with these problems remain untreated. It is unclear what the barriers are to these students seeking treatment. Aims The aim of this study is to examine the barriers to future help-seeking and the associations of clinical characteristics with these barriers in a cross-national sample of first-year college students. Method As part of the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative, web-based self-report surveys were obtained from 13,984 first-year students in eight countries across the world. Clinical characteristics examined included screens for common mental disorders and reports about suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Multivariate regression models adjusted for socio-demographic, college-, and treatment-related variables were used to examine correlates of help-seeking intention and barriers to seeking treatment. Results Only 24.6% of students reported that they would definitely seek treatment if they had a future emotional problem. The most commonly reported reasons not to seek treatment among students who failed to report that they would definitely seek help were the preference to handle the problem alone (56.4%) and wanting to talk with friends or relatives instead (48.0%). Preference to handle the problem alone and feeling too embarrassed were also associated with significantly reduced odds of having at least some intention to seek help among students who failed to report that they would definitely seek help. Having 12-month major depression, alcohol use disorder, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors were also associated with significantly reduced reported odds of the latter outcome. Conclusions The majority of first-year college students in the WMH-ICS surveys report that they would be hesitant to seek help in case of future emotional problems. Attitudinal barriers and not structural barriers were found to be the most important reported reasons for this hesitation. Experimental research is needed to determine whether intention to seek help and, more importantly, actual help-seeking behavior could be increased with the extent to which intervention strategies need to be tailored to particular student characteristics. Given that the preference to handle problems alone and stigma and appear to be critical, there could be value in determining if internet-based psychological treatments, which can be accessed privately and are often build as self-help approaches, would be more acceptable than other types of treatments to student who report hesitation about seeking treatment., Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER, Grant/Award Numbers: PI13/00343 and PI13/00506; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Grant/Award Numbers: CD12/00440 and CM14/00125; Northern Ireland Public Health Agency; Bristol-Myers Squibb; GlaxoSmithKline; Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical; Pan American Health Organization; Fogarty International Center, Grant/Award Number: FIRCA R03-TW006481; US Public Health Service, Grant/Award Numbers: R01 DA016558, R01-MH069864 and R13-MH066849; Pfizer Foundation; John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT), Grant/Award Number: CB-2016-01-285548; Ulster University; Northern Ireland Public Health Agency (HSC R & D); European Union Regional Development Fund (ERDF) EU Sustainable Competitiveness Programme for Northern Ireland; FPU, Grant/Award Number: FPU15/05728; DIUE Generalitat de Catalunya, Grant/Award Number: 2017 SGR 452; Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, PNSD, Grant/Award Number: 2015I015; ISCIII, Grant/Award Numbers: CD12/00440 and CM14/00125; Ithemba Foundation; South African Medical Research Council; Protestants Fonds voor de Geestelijke Volksgezondheid; ZonMw, Grant/Award Number: 636110005; BARMER; Eli Lilly and Company, Grant/Award Number: IIT-H6U-BX-I002; King Baudouin Foundation United States, Grant/Award Number: 2014-J2140150-102905; Belgian Fund for Scientific Research, Grant/Award Numbers: 1114717N, 11N0514N and 11N0516N; National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Grant/Award Numbers: R56MH109566 and R01MH070884

El suicidio es un problema de salud pública, en especial en el grupo de 15 a 29 años de edad (segunda causa de muerte). El estudio de los factores de riesgo y de protección en las conductas suicidas es una prioridad. La autoestima ha sido considerada tanto como factor protector como de riesgo, siendo especialmente relevante en la adolescencia y la edad adulta joven. En consecuencia, este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la relación de la autoestima con el suicidio e intento de suicidio en adolescentes y jóvenes adultos entre los 12 y 26 años de edad, mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura y un metanálisis.La búsqueda se llevó a cabo a través de las siguientes bases de datos; Cochrane, Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Sicencie y OpenGrey. Se revisaron cerca de 20,000 registros. Se realizó un metanálisis mediante el cálculo del tamaño del efecto y odds ratio, con IC del 95% y p-valor. La heterogeneidad se determinó mediante prueba de Chi-cuadrado y el estimador de Higgins !". Además se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad. Veintidós artículos reunieron los criterios de inclusión. Por una parte, en el análisis cualitativo 13 estudios mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Por otra parte, el metanálisis final indicó que la autoestima es una variable asociada al suicidio, con un tamaño del efecto de .58 en estudios de variables continuas y OR de .50 (.35-.72) con p

Data de publicació electrònica: 23-07-2018 Objective: We report on the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in Spanish university students and their risk and protective factors (distal/proximal; individual/environmental). Methods: First‐year university students completed an online survey including Self‐Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview (SITBI) items, the screening version of the Columbia‐Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C‐SSRS) along with adversities and positive relationships during childhood/adolescence, recent stressful experiences, and lifetime mental disorders. Nested logistic regression models were estimated and areas under the curve (AUC) compared. Results: A total of 2,118 students completed the survey (mean age = 18.8 [SD = 1.4] years; 55.4% female). Twelve‐month prevalence of suicide ideation (SI) was 9.9%, plans, 5.6%, and attempts, 0.6%. Risk factors of 12‐month SI were as follows: parental psychopathology (OR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5); sexual assault (OR = 5.6, 95% CI 1.4–22.1); lifetime mood disorder (OR = 5.2, 95% CI 3.5–7.7); and lifetime anxiety disorder (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.5). Childhood positive relationships protected from SI were as follows: peers/others (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9 for the second highest tertile) and family (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.7 for the highest tertile). AUC of the final model was 0.82 (SE = 0.015). Conclusion: Our results indicate a high prevalence of SI among Spanish university students and identify protective and risk factors from a comprehensive conceptual model.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between gender and suicide attempt/death and identify gender-specific risk/protective factors in adolescents/young adults. METHODS: Systematic review (5 databases until January 2017). Population-based longitudinal studies considering non-clinical populations, aged 12-26 years, assessing associations between gender and suicide attempts/death, or evaluating their gender risk/protective factors, were included. Random effect meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS: Sixty-seven studies were included. Females presented higher risk of suicide attempt (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.54-2.50), and males for suicide death (HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.8-3.6). Common risk factors of suicidal behaviors for both genders are previous mental or substance abuse disorder and exposure to interpersonal violence. Female-specific risk factors for suicide attempts are eating disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, being victim of dating violence, depressive symptoms, interpersonal problems and previous abortion. Male-specific risk factors for suicide attempt are disruptive behavior/conduct problems, hopelessness, parental separation/divorce, friend's suicidal behavior, and access to means. Male-specific risk factors for suicide death are drug abuse, externalizing disorders, and access to means. For females, no risk factors for suicide death were studied. CONCLUSIONS: More evidence about female-specific risk/protective factors of suicide death, for adolescent/young adults, is needed. Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social, PSND (Exp. 2015I015), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI13/00343), Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria-ISCIII (CD12/00440; CM14/00125), DIUE Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR 452), and European Regional Development Fund (PSI2017-90650-REDT).

El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) se encuentra dentro de los trastornos del desarrollo neurológico. Este trastorno se caracteriza por unas deficiencias persistentes en la comunicación e interacción social en diversos contextos, así como por unos patrones restrictivos y repetitivos de comportamiento, intereses o actividades. Debido al aumento, en los últimos años, de casos de TEA en población infantil, las dificultades encontradas de adaptación conductual, emocional y social que presentan los/as hermanos/as de esta población y la falta de programas dirigidos a ellos/as este programa de intervención tiene como objetivo general, mejorar el ajuste psicosocioemocional de los/as hermanos/as de niños/as con TEA. Los/as participantes del programa se encuentran en el rango de edad entre 7 y 11 años y deberán ser hermanos/as de niños/as con TEA que tengan grado 2 o 3. El número de asistentes al programa será de 10 y este constará de 7 sesiones, llevando a cabo una sesión por semana. Los objetivos planteados se medirán tanto antes del programa como después de su realización. Además, se realizará un seguimiento a los/as participantes a los 12 meses para comprobar que los efectos tras la realización del programa se mantienen a largo plazo. Para un correcto desarrollo de todas las sesiones que componen el programa, se ha planteado una metodología participativa haciendo de los/as usuarios/as una parte activa de este. En definitiva, se considera muy necesario que estos/as empiecen a formar parte de las intervenciones para el manejo de las emociones y conductas problemáticas, programas de apoyo y participación activa ya que así se conseguirá una mayor integración tanto en la familia como en la sociedad. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. This disorder is characterized by persistent deficiencies in communication and social interaction in a variety of contexts, also with restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. Due to the increase in cases of ASD in the child population in recent years, the difficulties found in behavioral, emotional and social adaptation of siblings of children with ASD and the lack of programs intended for them, the general objective of this intervention program is to improve the psycho-emotional adjustment of this children. Program participants are in the age range of 7-11 years and must be siblings of children with ASD who have grade 2 or 3. The number of participants in the program will be 10 and it will consist of 7 sessions, with one session per week. The objectives set will be measured both before and after the program implementation. In addition, participants will be followed up after 12 months to check that the effects after the program are maintained for a long time. For the correct development of all the sessions, it is proposed a participative methodology, making the users an active part of the program. In short, it is considered very necessary that they start to be part of the interventions to control emotions and problematic behaviors, support programs and active participation because their participation will get a better integration in the family and in society.

En las últimas décadas, los problemas de conducta infantil han ido en aumento, apareciendo así, un mayor porcentaje de diagnósticos de Trastorno Negativista Desafiante. Pese a ello, una apropiada intervención, basada en la obtención de distintas capacidades interpersonales, puede influir en gran medida en el desarrollo de este trastorno. Por consiguiente, este trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar una intervención para la mejora de las habilidades sociales y comunicativas en población infantil de entre 8 y 10 años con un diagnóstico de TND, enfocándose tanto en los niños como en sus educadores y cuidadores. A través de 11 sesiones se pretende mejorar las habilidades de empatía, la solución de conflictos a través de un estilo de comunicación asertivo, el autocontrol, el autoconcepto y la modificación conductual para influir positivamente en el comportamiento de los niños, y además, lograr una buena comunicación y relación con su círculo social más cercano como son su familia, sus profesores, amigos y compañeros. Este programa evidencia la mejora de las habilidades sociales y comunicativas de sus participantes mediante diferentes pruebas como son la “Escala de Evaluación de Habilidades Sociales” (1978) y, el cuestionario “Behavioral Assessment System for Children” (1992).

Las enfermedades raras se caracterizan por presentar una elevada mortalidad entre las personas que las padecen así como una baja prevalencia. En España, afectan a más de 3 millones de personas. En la mayoría de los casos, esta condición de salud diferente va acompañada de una elevada dependencia, que es asumida por los padres y madres de estos niños/as. Por todo ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar un programa de intervención dirigido a padres y madres de niños/as con enfermedades raras para la mejora de su bienestar psicológico. Asimismo, se trabaja la aceptación, adquisición de habilidades asertivas, tiempo de calidad en la pareja, inteligencia emocional, autoestima y resolución de problemas. El programa se encuentra dividido en un total 8 sesiones de una duración de 90 minutos aproximadamente y de periodicidad semanal. Con la finalidad de analizar la eficacia del mismo, se realizará una evaluación pre y post intervención, además de un seguimiento a los seis meses, sobre las principales variables de cambio. Se espera que el programa arroje resultados positivos. De ser así, sería oportuna la difusión del mismo a organizaciones similares para conseguir que este colectivo se sienta escuchado y acompañado en todo momento. Rare diseases are characterized by high mortality among sufferers and low prevalence. In Spain, they affect more than 3 million people. In most cases, this different health condition is accompanied by a high level of dependence, which is assumed by the parents of these children. Therefore, the aim of this work was to design an intervention program aimed at parents of children with rare diseases to improve their psychological well-being. It also works on acceptance, acquisition of assertive skills, quality time with the couple, emotional intelligence, self-esteem and problem solving. The program is divided into a total of 8 sessions lasting approximately 90 minutes and held weekly. In order to analyze the effectiveness of the program, a pre and post intervention evaluation will be carried out, as well as a six-month follow-up on the main variables of change. It is expected that the program will yield positive results. If so, it would be appropriate to disseminate it to similar organizations to ensure that this group feels listened to and accompanied at all times.

El Trastorno de Espectro Autista (TEA) se define como un trastorno del neurodesarrollo cuyo origen es neurobiológico y comprehende un amplio continuo en la manifestación de sus características clínicas en término de intensidad, frecuencia e interferencia. En su primer eslabón se encuentra el TEA grado 1, tradicionalmente conocido como Síndrome de Asperger. En líneas generales, este cuadro clínico presenta especial afectación en las habilidades de autorregulación emocional e interacción social. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es exponer una propuesta de intervención dirigida a la adquisición de estrategias socioemocionales en personas con TEA grado 1. En concreto, se pretende mejorar aspectos tales como la asertividad, la empatía, la autorregulación emocional, la autoestima y las habilidades de comunicación, entre otras. La metodología se centra especialmente en exposiciones teóricas y actividades dinámicas basadas en técnicas de role playing, juegos, fichas de actividades y psicocuentos. Como fin último, se pretende incrementar el bienestar psicológico de estos pacientes. En consecuencia, se espera que tras la aplicación del programa los/las adolescentes mejoren sus competencias socioemocionales y que transfieran los conocimientos y habilidades a otros contextos de su vida diaria. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origin is neurobiological and encompasses a broad continuum in the manifestation of its clinical features in terms of intensity, frequency and interference. In its first link is ASD grade 1, traditionally known as Asperger Syndrome. In general terms, this clinical picture presents special affectation in the skills of emotional self-regulation and social interaction. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to present an intervention proposal aimed at the acquisition of socioemotional strategies in people with ASD grade 1. Specifically, the aim is to improve aspects such as assertiveness, empathy, emotional self-regulation, self-esteem and communication skills, among others. The methodology focuses on theoretical presentations and dynamic activities based on role-playing techniques, games, activity sheets and psycho-stories. The ultimate aim is to increase the psychological well-being of these patients. Consequently, it is expected that after the application of the programme, adolescents will improve their socio-emotional competences and transfer the knowledge and skills to other contexts of their daily lives.

La violencia en las relaciones de pareja es una problemática frecuente en nuestra sociedad, que afecta a toda la población en general. Para esta problemática, la personalidad y haber vivido algún evento potencialmente traumático puede ser un agravante de la situación después de sufrir violencia en las relaciones de pareja. El objetivo que perseguía la investigación era conocer si los estudiantes universitarios habían vivido experiencias potencialmente traumáticas a lo largo de su vida y conocer la relación de estas con los rasgos de personalidad oscura. La muestra estaba compuesta por 106 estudiantes universitarios (69.0% de mujeres) de entre 18 y 30 años. Para obtener la muestra y medir las variables personalidad oscura y eventos potencialmente traumáticos se administraron los instrumentos TLEQ y SD4 en formato online. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron la presencia de eventos potencialmente traumáticos en esta población, siendo los más comunes entre esta población haber sobrevivido a una enfermedad o accidente (48.3%) y la muerte repentina de una persona cercana (41.4%). Asimismo, existía relación entre la vivencia de experiencias potencialmente traumáticas y el Maquiavelismo y Narcisismo, y de estos con la violencia en las relaciones de pareja. Este trabajo puede servir como guía para seguir profundizando en la futura investigación sobre el tema. Intimate partner violence is a frequent problem in our society, affecting the entire population in general. For this problem, personality and having lived a potentially traumatic event can be an aggravating factor after suffering violence in intimate partner relationships. The objective of the research was to find out if university students had lived potentially traumatic experiences throughout their lives and to know the relationship of these experiences with dark personality traits. The sample consisted of 106 university students (69.0% female) between 18 and 30 years of age. To obtain the sample and measure the variables dark personality and potentially traumatic events, the TLEQ and SD4 instruments were administered in online format. The results obtained indicated the presence of potentially traumatic events in this population, the most common among this population being having survived an illness or accident (48.3%) and the sudden death of a close person (41.4%). Likewise, there was a relationship between the experience of potentially traumatic experiences and Machiavellianism and Narcissism, and of these with violence in intimate partner relationships. This work can serve as a guide for further research on the subject.

La ruptura de pareja es un evento extremadamente doloroso, del que pueden derivarse numerosas consecuencias psicológicas negativas. Con el objetivo de reducir estas, se ha diseñado una propuesta de intervención consistente en un programa (“AGRUPAR”: Ayuda Guiada para la Ruptura de Pareja) dirigido a ocho jóvenes de 18 a 24 años. El taller consiste en once sesiones que durarán aproximadamente una hora y tendrán lugar en el Centro De Salud Altabix (Elche). Durante las sesiones se tratarán distintas variables como la toma de decisiones y resolución de problemas, habilidades de comunicación, autoconcepto, etc., a través de actividades basadas en técnicas como la reevaluación cognitiva, el Mindfulness, el role-playing, etc. Además, se contará con el uso de encuestas de calidad y de controles de asistencia para adaptar las condiciones del taller de la forma más idónea posible a los jóvenes. Se trata de un programa piloto, puesto que no existen otros centrados en reducir el impacto de la ruptura en adultos jóvenes, por lo que se espera obtener resultados positivos. The break-up of a couple is an extremely painful event, from which numerous negative psychological consequences can derive. With the aim of reducing these, an intervention proposal has been designed consisting of a programme ("AGRUPAR": Guided Help for Couple Break-up) aimed at eight young people aged 18 to 24. The programme consists of eleven sessions lasting approximately one hour and will take place in the Altabix Health Center (Elche). During the sessions, different variables such as decision making and problem solving, communication skills, self-concept, etc. will be treated through activities based on techniques such as cognitive reappraisal, Mindfulness, role-playing, etc. In addition, quality surveys and attendance controls will be used to adapt the conditions of the programme to the young people in the most suitable way possible. This is a pilot programme, as there are no other programmes focused on reducing the impact of break-up in young adults, and positive results are expected.

Los niños con Altas Capacidades (AACC) presentan un desarrollo asincrónico, en el ámbito intelectual se encuentran más desarrollados que la media, sin embargo, presentan déficits en las Habilidades Sociales (HHSS). El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general diseñar un programa de intervención para promover la mejora de las habilidades sociales en niños de 6 a 8 años con diagnóstico de Altas Capacidades pertenecientes a la provincia de Alicante. Con esta finalidad, el presente proyecto se compone de 16 sesiones donde se realizarán actividades para la psicoeducación, regulación emocional, empatía, normas sociales, manejo de la ansiedad, asertividad, habilidad para la resolución de conflictos y autoestima. Se prevé que la implementación de un programa de este tipo consiga mejorar las habilidades sociales de dicho colectivo. Se considera relevante la aplicación y la comprobación de la eficacia del presente programa, para conseguir una mejora en las HHSS y prevenir posibles problemas evolutivos en niños con AACC que se encuentran en la primera infancia. Children with High Abilities (AACC) present an asynchronous development, in the intellectual area they are more developed than the average, however, they present deficits in Social Skills (HHSS). The general objective of this work is to design an intervention programme to promote the improvement of social skills in children aged 6 to 8 years with a diagnosis of High Abilities in the province of Alicante. To this end, this project consists of 16 sessions where activities for psychoeducation, emotional regulation, empathy, social norms, anxiety management, assertiveness, conflict resolution skills and self-esteem will be carried out. The implementation of such a programme is expected to improve the social skills of this group. The application and verification of the effectiveness of this programme is considered relevant to achieve an improvement in HHSS and prevent possible developmental problems in children with AACC who are in early childhood.