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The antibacterial efficacy of antimicrobial filling pastes (AFP) used in the root canal treatment of primary teeth has been widely reported. However, antibiotic resistance as an emerging global problem could impact their current efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of two common AFP on susceptible or resistant bacteria isolated from primary necrotic molars. Microbiological samples were obtained and cultured from the root canals of 34 children. In total, 96 colony-forming units were obtained to determine their resistance to tetracycline, rifampicin, and chloramphenicol. They were identified as S. mutans or E. faecalis using polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial activity of CTZ paste (chloramphenicol, tetracycline, zinc oxide, and eugenol) and Guedes-Pinto modified (GPM) paste (rifampicin, prednisolone, iodoform, and camphorated paramonochlorophenol) were tested against the identified and selected microorganisms. Larger size inhibition zones were observed in both species when the tested strains were susceptible to the antibiotics in the AFP preparation. The efficacy of AFP containing antibiotics depends on the antibiotic resistance profile of the strain. Antibiotic resistance and its effect on the AFP were shown, which calls into question the use of simplified endodontic techniques that depend on antibiotics, since in these cases these techniques could not clinically eliminate resistant bacteria from the root canal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of fluoride exposure on the prevalence of dental caries and the intellectual ability of children. Method: In this crosssectional study, 161 children from 9 to 10 years of age were evaluated. The concentration of fluoride in drinking water and urine was analyzed individually. Oral health status regarding dental caries and dental fluorosis was assessed. The intellectual ability of children was evaluated through the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices. In addition, variables such as diet, oral hygiene, body mass index, and socioeconomic status were included. Results: There was a negative relationship between the DMFT index and the level of dental fluorosis. In the logistic regression analysis, a water fluoride exposure above 1.0 mg/L showed less risk of dental caries (OR = 0.41; p=0.025). Parental education level lower than high school raised significantly the risk of dental caries (OR = 2.81; p=0.036). No relationship was found between intellectual ability and fluoride exposure variables such as, dental fluorosis, levels of fluoride in drinking water and urine, and exposure dose. Conclusion: The results suggest that exposure to fluoride reduces the prevalence of dental caries, but no association was found to the intelligence of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Dental fluorosis is caused by excessive fluoride ingestion during tooth formation. As a consequence, there is a higher porosity on the enamel surface, which causes an opaque look., Aim: The aim of this study was to identify a dental intervention to improve the smile in patients with tooth fluorosis. Additional aims were to relate the stain size on fluorotic teeth with the effectiveness of stain removal, enamel loss and procedure time using a manual microabrasion technique with 16% hydrochloric acid (HCL)., Methods: An experimental study was carried out on 84 fluorotic teeth in 57 adolescent patients, 33 females and 24 males, with moderate to severe fluorosis. The means, standard deviations and percentages were analyzed using nonparametric statistics and ArchiCAD 15 software was used for the variables including stain size and effectiveness of stain removal., Results: The average enamel loss was 234 µm and was significantly related to the procedure time categorized as 1-4 min and 4.01-6 min, resulting in a P > 0.000. The microabrasion technique using 16% HCL was effective in 90.6% of patients and was applied manually on superficial stains in moderate and severe fluorosis. Procedure time was less than 6 min and enamel loss was within the acceptable range., Conclusion: Microabrasion is a first-line treatment; however, the clinician should measure the average enamel loss to ensure that it is within the approximate range of 250 µm in order to avoid restorative treatment., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest to report., (©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)