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In the midst of today’s COVID-19 pandemic, attitudes towards psychological online interventions (POI) in both the general population and many healthcare target groups could become crucial information for healthcare providers. Acceptability of POIs is seen as an important factor contributing to the effectiveness of the implementation online help in healthcare. This article aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Attitudes towards Psychological Online Interventions (APOI-PL) with a sample of volunteers from the community. In Study 1 (N = 304), a confirmatory factor analysis provided support for the original four factors (Anonymity benefits, ABE; Technologization threat, TET; Confidence in effectiveness, CON; Scepticism and perception of risks, SCE) and adequate internal consistency. The APOI-PL demonstrated partial invariance over gender. In Study 2 (N = 162), criterion validity with the use of a personality measure (IPIP NEO-Five Factor Inventory-50) and virtual social integration were shown. The Openness was negatively related to the SCE and ABE, and positively with CON. Agreeableness is related to higher positive attitudes but lower SCE and TET; however, the correlations are low. Virtual integration was not related to the APOI scales, with the exception of the CON, where a low positive correlation was noted.

Objective: This study, rooted in narrative psychology, examined the effectiveness of the proactive self-narrative diary intervention for adults’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Four hundred twenty-four people aged 18 to 45 were recruited and divided into three groups: ‘narrative’, ‘descriptive’, and ‘control’. On three consecutive days, participants in the ‘narrative’ group were asked to narrate their daily experiences related to the pandemic. At the same time, people from the ‘descriptive’ group were asked to answer some questions related to their daily activities, and the third group did nothing. The effect of the intervention on mental health was assessed in three follow-up measurements (a day, two weeks, and two months after the end of the intervention). Self-narrative inclination, awareness of narrative identity, and reflexivity were analyzed as factors modifying the effect of the self-diary intervention. Results: The results indicate a significant decrease in mental health problems over time, but there were no differences between the three groups. Contrary to expectations, none of the abovementioned factors was a moderator of the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusions. This experiment with three follow-ups did not support the self-diary intervention outcome of a significant decrease in mental health problems and an increase in positive mental health. The findings are discussed, referring to the theoretical framework and the results of other studies verifying the effectiveness of various narrative interventions on mental health during the pandemic.

The text presents the procedures and techniques of the research method aimed at “evoking the historical source”, which is understood as the researcher’s prepared and implemented scientifically rigorous participation in the creation by a witness of history of such a reminiscence material that could be a carrier of information and would be subjected to rudimentary historical analysis. The text presents the defined assumptions and subsequent stages of the research procedure.

Die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse ist eine Methode zur systematischen Beschreibung qualitativer Daten mithilfe von regelbasierten Verfahren und menschlicher Interpretation. Unser Ziel in diesem Beitrag ist es, die methodischen Aspekte des Verfahrens im Bereich der klinischen Psychologie zu reflektieren. Im Folgenden gehen wir zunächst auf die Umsetzung qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse in der klinischen Psychologie ein und beschreiben die Vielfalt der in diesem Bereich anzutreffenden inhaltsanalytisch orientierten Studien. Besonderes Augenmerk richten wir dabei auf Kategoriensysteme. Anschließend stellen wir Probleme und Herausforderungen bei der Durchführung qualitativ-inhaltsanalytischer Studien in einem spezifisch klinischen Kontext dar, nämlich die erklärende Diagnose von Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Ausgehend von den Herausforderungen (Erkennen klinisch relevanter Informationen, Erklärung des Pathomechanismus, Zugang zu unbewussten inneren Prozessen, Rolle relationaler Informationen bei der Bewertung) zeigen wir mögliche Lösungen für die Phase der Datenaufbereitung und -analyse auf. Dazu gehören der ausgewogene Rekurs auf psychologische Theorien und die Identifizierung von Mustern in Daten und Kategorien zu Erklärungszwecken, die Analyse aktueller Prozesse zur Beurteilung der Dynamik des psychologischen Lebens (intrapsychisch und interpersonal) und der relationale Kontext, der aus der Reflexion von Kodierung als menschlicher Prozess gewonnen wird., Qualitative content analysis (QCA) is a method for systematically describing qualitative data with the use of rule-bound procedures and human-generated interpretation. With this article we aim to reflect on the methodical aspect of QCA in the field of clinical psychology. After introducing the implementation of QCA procedures in clinical psychology and the diversity of content analytic-informed studies encountered in this field with special attention to coding frames, we present the problems and challenges that arise when using QCA in a more specific clinical context, namely, explanatory assessment of personality disorders. Beginning with the challenges (detecting clinically relevant information, explaining the pathomechanism, access to unconscious internal processes, role of relational information in assessment), we give possible solutions for the stage of data preparation and analysis. These include the balanced use of psychological theory and identifying patterns in data and in categories for explanation purposes; momentary process analysis aimed at assessing the dynamics of psychological life (intrapsychic and interpersonal); and relational context obtained from reflection on coding as a human process.

Tekst przedstawia procedury i techniki metody badawczej ukierunkowanej na „wywołanie źródła historycznego”, co rozumiane jest jako przygotowany i zrealizowany w rygorze naukowym udział badacza w stworzeniu przez świadka historii takiego materiału wspomnieniowego, który mógłby być nośnikiem informacji i zostałby poddany rudymentarnej analizie historycznej. W tekście przedstawiono zdefiniowane założenia i kolejne etapy postępowania badawczego. The text presents the procedures and techniques involved in a research method aimed at “evoking a historical source”, which is understood as a researcher’s prepared and academically rigorously implemented participation in the creation by a witness to his-tory of such recollective material that might be a carrier of information and that might be subject to rudimentary historical analysis. The text presents defined assumptions and subsequent stages of the proposed research procedure

Creating shortened versions of research tools is common and justified. Unfortunately, it is often performed without due methodological care and awareness of the consequences of such actions. Even though the errors committed during short form construction were collected by Smith and his collaborators in 2000, it did not distinctly affect the practice. The mistakes made by researchers still come down to two main faults: assuming the transferability of validity and reliability between the full and shortened versions, and lowering the validity and reliability requirements for short forms. These two problems manifest as 9 sins committed during the construction of short forms. This article intends to present procedures which prevent these mistakes and ensure creating possibly the most reliable short version of a research tool and assessing the costs of a selected shortening method. To this end, the work determined a priori the expected length of the tool, the benefit of reduced questionnaire completion time in relation to the cost of reliability loss. Also, it estimated overlapping variance of the full and short version and classification accuracy of the new, short version. Since there are many statistical techniques of questionnaire shortening, an additional effect of this article is a comparison of the efficiency of shortening by means of three various techniques. The results show similarity between the method based on factor loadings and Cronbach’s α method, and a slight advantage over the two of a method based on difficulty and discriminatory power in the IRT paradigm., Survey Research Methods, Vol 12, No 2 (2018)

The creation of abridged versions of research tools is a common, justifiable process, but unfortunately it is often carried out without due methodological care and regard for the consequences. Smith and collaborators (2000) have already written about the mistakes that can be made, but their article has not had much practical impact. There are two main mistakes commonly made by researchers: assuming the transferability of validity and reliability between the full and shortened versions and using less stringent criteria to assess the validity and reliability of short forms. These two problems manifest as nine sins committed during the construction of short forms. Here we present procedures designed to allow researchers to avoid these mistakes and create abridged versions of research tools that are as reliable as possible and to assess the costs of the various methods of abridging questionnaires. To this end we determine the expected length of the tool and weight the benefits of reduced questionnaire completion time against the loss of reliability. We also estimate the shared variance of the full and short versions and classification accuracy of the new, short version. We compared quality of short form obtained from three most common statistical techniques for abridging questionnaires. We analysed data from a sample of 519 persons; 309 (59.5%) completed the paper version of the Self-Narrative Inclination Questionnaire (IAN-R), and 210 (40.5%) participated in online tests. Abridgements based on factor loadings and Cronbach’s # were similarly effective and these two methods had a slight advantage over a method based on item response theory-based analyses of difficulty and discriminatory power.

The research presented here was aimed at discovering what determinants from different areas (1) professional experience, 2) work load 3) groups of helping factors) contribute to the emotional experiences (positive and negative feelings) as well as to the hope for a professional success in socio-therapeutic work with children and adolescents. The significant predictor of negative feelings was the perceived amount of psychopathological problems in families and low number of vocational courses. The positive emotions can be predicted by high sense of own competencies, short-serving employment, and broader range of duties at work. When the self-efficacy (hope for success) is concerned, two predictors were found. First, the hope for a success (especially the strong will aspect) may be predicted by sense of competency and the usage of helping factors aimed at socio-therapist’s activity (A) and aimed at group activity and it’s therapeutic potential (C). Celem badań było ustalenie, jakie czynniki z obszarów 1) doświadczenia zawodowego, 2) obciążenia pracą oraz 3) grup aktywowanych czynników pomocowych mają znaczenie dla doświadczanych emocji w pracy zawodowej (emocje pozytywne i negatywne) oraz nadziei na sukces zawodowy w pracy socjoterapeutycznej z grupą dzieci i młodzieży. Istotnym predyktorem uczuć negatywnych u socjoterapeutów było dostrzeganie większej liczby problemów psychopatologicznych w rodzinie wspomaganych oraz mała liczba szkoleń. Z kolei istotnymi predyktorami emocji pozytywnych u socjoterapeutów były: wysokie poczucie kompetencji, krótszy staż pracy i większy zakres obowiązków. Jeśli chodzi o przekonania o własnej skuteczności zawodowej (nadziei na sukces), znaleziono dwa istotne predyktory. Predyktorem nadziei na sukces (oraz siły woli w szczególności) okazało się poczucie kompetencji, a predyktorem samej nadziei na sukces – użycie czynników pomocowych z grupy A (ukierunkowanych na aktywność terapeuty jako dostarczyciela pomocy) i C (ukierunkowanych na aktywność grupy i jej terapeutyczny potencjał).

W artykule podjęto się pokazania wybranych związków psychoanalizy i badań naukowych. Skoncentrowano się na znaczeniu psychoanalitycznej inspiracji w prowadzeniu wywiadów badawczych, tworzeniu warunków generowania danych (stymulowanie projekcji) oraz korzystaniu z relacji interpersonalnej między osobą prowadzącą wywiad a uczestnicząca w nim. W efekcie przeglądu literatury z obszaru badań jakościowych, w których korzystano z psychoanalizy, zaproponowano trzy obszary rozwoju metody rozmowy: 1) wykraczanie poza prosty dosłowny transkrypt - zbieranie informacji pozawerbalnych w celu zdobycia informacji o znaczeniu emocjonalnym (relacyjnym) wypowiedzi osoby badanej; 2) wykraczanie poza osobę badaną jako źródło danych - zbieranie informacji o charakterze introspekcyjnym dotyczących badacza w celu zdobycia informacji o relacji z osobą badaną; 3) zestawianie informacji z różnych źródeł i gotowość do poszukiwania teoretycznie uzasadnionych wzorców - porównywanie danych pochodzących ze strony osoby prowadzącej wywiad oraz uczestnika zarówno w aspekcie treści wypowiedzi, jak i wskaźników pozawerbalnych. Przedstawiono też wstępną próbę omówienia sposobów zbierania danych niewerbalnych, paralingwistycznych oraz analizy przeniesienia i przeciwprzeniesienia w wywiadzie badawczym i podniesiono problem odrębności/podobieństwa wywiadu badawczego i diagnostycznego.