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Maintenance of oral health and hygiene represents an essential condition in avoiding dental disease for humankind but also for the animal kingdom. This study aimed to present the importance of prevention techniques and treatment options for dental disease in pet rabbits. The research was focused on 16 rabbits that had been diagnosed with dental disease based on clinical and paraclinical examination, we obtained samples from the dental injury site using a sterile cotton swab and followed up with bacteriological examination and antibiotic sensitivity testing for identifying the bacteria and the resistances. Out of 16 samples sent to the laboratory for testing, 4 were negative (25%), showing no bacterial growth, from the rest of the samples the following bacterial strains were identified: 18,75% Staphylococcus spp, 18,75% Streptococcus spp, 6,25% Streptococcus β hemolytic, 6,25% Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6,25% Klebsiella spp. 3 cases presented with multiple-strain infection as follows: 6,25% Streptobacillus spp and Klebsiella spp; 6,25% Proteus spp and Streptoccus spp; 6,25% Pseudomonas spp and Streptoccus spp. After obtaining the antibiotic sensitivity test results, we found that the most efficient drug was Amikacin, no bacteria presented resistance to this medicine, and it was followed by Trimethoprim/sulfa (TMPS) and Ciprofloxacin. All the identified bacterial strains were presenting resistance to Amphotericin and Clindamycin. Antimicrobial resistance and the limited availability of veterinary-use-approved drugs constitute strong arguments that sustain the importance of this study in the management of dental disease in pet rabbits.

Rabbits became more and more popular pets these last few years. For assuring their good health and wellbeing both the owners and the veterinarians are equally responsible. Sudden change in diet or inadequate nutrients, poor husbandry or stressing factors can all cause complex systemic pathologies to appear that often start at the oral cavity and the teeth. The aim of this study was to identify and apply the most accurate methods of approach, restrain, examination and diagnosis in dental disease in pet rabbits. This study included 19 rabbits, one of them clinically healthy and 18 were identified with dental disease. The patients had multiple affections but we categorized them according to the primary disease. 6 of them presented with pathologies of the incisors (31.57%), 10 had issues starting with the premolars (52.63%) and 2 with the molars (10.52%). The highest rate was 52.63% represented by the ones that presented dental disease at the premolars. The most met pathology in this study was odontogenic abscess formation in 11 out of 19 cases (57.89%), in most cases the abscesses appeared secondary due to periodontal infections. Knowing the specific features of the oral cavity, of the approach and the restraining methods as well as the clinical and imagistic diagnosing can assure proper management of dental disease in pet rabbits.

Recent developments in biomaterials have resulted in the creation of cement composites with potential wound treatment properties, even though they are currently mainly employed for bone regeneration. Their ability to improve skin restoration after surgery is worth noting. The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the ability of composite cement to promote wound healing in a rat experimental model. Full-thickness 5 mm skin defects were created, and the biomaterials were applied as wound dressings. The hybrid light-cured cement composites possess an organic matrix (Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, UDMA, and HEMA) and an inorganic phase (bioglasses, silica, and hydroxyapatite). The organic phase also contains γ-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane, which is produced by distributing bioactive silanized inorganic filler particles. The repair of the defect is assessed using a selection of macroscopic and microscopic protocols, including wound closure rate, histopathological analysis, cytotoxicity, and biocompatibility. Both composites exerted a favorable influence on cells, although the C1 product demonstrated a more extensive healing mechanism. Histological examination of the kidney and liver tissues revealed no evidence of toxicity. There were no notable negative outcomes in the treated groups, demonstrating the biocompatibility and efficacy of these bioproducts. By day 15, the skin of both groups had healed completely. This research introduces a pioneering strategy by utilizing composite cements, traditionally used in dentistry, in the context of skin wound healing.

This study’s goal was to evaluate the biocompatibility of two composite cements over a 90-day period by analyzing the individuals’ behavior as well as conducting macroscopic and histological examinations and Computed Tomography (CT) scans. We conducted the cytotoxicity test by placing the materials subcutaneously and peri/intramuscularly. Days 30 and 90 were crucial for our research. On those days, we harvested the implants, kidneys and liver to search for any toxic deposits. The biomaterial’s uniformity, color and texture remained unaltered despite being in intimate contact with the tissue. Although a slight inflammatory response was observed in the placement location, we observed an improved outcome of the interaction between the material and its insertion area. There were no notable discoveries in the liver and kidneys. According to the obtained results, the biomaterials did not produce any clinical changes nor specific irritation during the research, demonstrating that they are biocompatible with biological tissues.

The purpose of this paper is to review the specialized literature to highlight the effects produced by energy drinks in terms of skin health. To carry out this review, we consulted previous articles with descriptive cross-sectional designs, case series, and individual case reports published between 2000 and 2023. Therefore, while caffeine acute consumption among adults can have beneficial effects, in children, it can cause health problems like overnight breaks, headaches, and dulled cognition since their organs are still developing and their endocrine system is not yet stable. Despite the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of caffeine from energy drinks, their excessive consumption among adolescents can cause disorders like high systolic blood pressure, agitation, nausea, anxiety, osteoporosis, heart palpitations, poor sleep quality, and stomach ulcers. Among athletes, taurine supplementation has been proven to improve exercise capacity in cold weather conditions. Also, vigilance, attention, and reaction time were all improved by caffeine consumption. Caffeine administration in low doses caused a risk of cardiovascular disease. It was effective in treating migraines in children, but raised systolic blood pressure, and contributed to skin healing in adolescents. On the other side, taurine prevents obesity among children, causes positive effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in adolescents, helps shield the skin from damaging oxidative stress among students, and impacts exercise capacity in athletes. Significant increases in serum levels of uric acid, creatinine, BUN, ALT, and ALP caused by chronic intake of EDs indicated different degrees of injury to the kidneys and liver. Furthermore, the effects on the cardiovascular system could be worse if taurine and caffeine are combined. Caffeine alone does not significantly decrease sleep as much as a taurine/high caffeine ratio. On the other hand, a low ratio does.

Abstract: This short communication describes the effect of Doxazosin in case of urinary retention in female dogs due to motor neuron lesions produced by spinal trauma or spinal compression consecutively to intervertebral disk degeneration and extrusion. The study aims to determine whether the treatment of urinary retention in case of neurogenic bladder in female dogs, using 1 adrenergic blocker is effective in spontaneous recovery of the examined patients. Ten female dogs presenting with urinary retention were examined in the laboratory of Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca. The patients were examined using CT, radiography and ultrasonography in order to identify the spinal cord injury that is responsible for neurogenic bladder. The dose of Doxazosin used in treatment of voiding problem in neurogenic bladder was 1mg/kg, single dose per day. Depending on the spinal cord compression cause, the urine retention symptom was resolved.

The aim of this study was to determine the normal and pathological behavior of captive primates in a zoo in Tirgu-Mures. The biological material consisted of 59 monkeys belonging to 11 species. The ethological research involved the following instruments: observation, experimentation, ethogram, spectrum analyzer, video, respectively the causal analysis. The obtained results revealed that the captive monkeys sheltered in isolated cages, with a similar development to what is found in their natural environment and placed at a tolerable distance away from visitors’ activity show no behavioral changes. On the other hand, in the case of those primates sheltered in cages which are exposed to visitors’ noise, we observed the presence of oral and motor stereotypies but also an attitude of lethargic disappointment and preoccupation. The collected data allow to define the investigated primates’ needs and also to get an idea of their welfare in zoo in Tirgu-Mures.

Nutrition may affect animal health due to the strong link between them. Also, diets improve the healing process in various disease states. Cancer is a disease, where the harmful consequences of tumors severely impair the body. The information regarding the evolution of this disease is extrapolated from human to animal because there are few specific studies regarding nutritional needs in animals with cancer. Thus, this paper aims to review the literature regarding the immunomodulatory effects of vitamins in mammal cancer. An adequate understanding of the metabolism and requirements of nutrients for mammals is essential to ensuring their optimal growth, development, and health, regardless of their food sources. According to these: 1) Some species are highly dependent on vitamin D from food, so special attention must be paid to this aspect. Calcitriol/VDR signaling can activate pro-apoptotic proteins and suppress anti-apoptotic ones. 2) Nitric oxide (NO) production is modulated by vitamin E through inhibiting transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. 3) Thiamine supplementation could be responsible for the stimulation of tumor cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. 4) Also, it was found that the treatment with NO-Cbl in dogs is a viable anti-cancer therapy that capitalizes on the tumor-specific properties of the vitamin B12 receptor. Therefore, diets should contain the appropriate class of compounds in adequate proportions. Also, the limitations of this paper are that some vitamins are intensively studied and at the same time regarding others, there is a lack of information, especially in animals. Therefore, some subsections are longer and more heavily debated than others.

Coenurosis is a parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Taenia multiceps, Coenurus cerebralis, typically found in the central nervous system of different livestock such as sheep and goats. The blood plasma from fifteen clinically healthy sheep and six sheep with neurological symptoms was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy in order to establish the contribution of kynurenic acid (KYNA), the neuroprotective metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, to the total fluorescence of the plasma. CT scans were used to confirm the presence of cysts in the central nervous system of sheep with neurological symptoms. The fluorescence spectroscopy analysis and further spectra deconvolution process revealed some significantly lower KYNA contributions to the total plasma fluorescence in sheep with coenurosis compared to healthy controls. Our results indicate that KYNA emission parameters could serve as valuable diagnostic markers, particularly for detecting preclinical cases of coenurosis, thus allowing for improved farm management practices.

Repairing or reconstructing significant bone defects is typically challenging. In the present study, two composite cements were used as scaffolds in a sub-critical femoral defect in rats. A control group and two experimental batches were used to compare the outcomes. This research aimed to investigate the osteogenic potential and toxicological tolerance of the bioproducts through histopathology and computed tomography imaging analysis at 14, 28, 56, and 90 days post-implantation. The biomaterials used in the investigation consisted of a 65% bioactive salinized inorganic filler and a 25% weight organic matrix. The organic part of the biomaterial was composed of Bis-GMA (bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate), UDMA (urethane dimethacrylate), HEMA (2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and TEGDMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate), while the inorganic filler was composed of silica, barium glass, hydroxyapatite, and fluor aluminosilicate glass. The first findings of this research are encouraging, revealing that there is a slight difference between the groups treated with biomaterials, but it might be an effective approach for managing bone abnormalities. Material C1 exhibited a faster bone defect healing time compared to material C2, where bone fractures occurred in some individuals. It is unclear if the fractures were caused by the presence of the biomaterial C2 or whether additional variables were to blame. By the end of the research, the mice appeared to tolerate the biomaterials without exhibiting any inflammatory or rejection responses.

The circadian clock regulates biological cycles across species and is crucial for physiological activities and biochemical reactions, including cancer onset and development. The interplay between the circadian rhythm and cancer involves regulating cell division, DNA repair, immune function, hormonal balance, and the potential for chronotherapy. This highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy circadian rhythm for cancer prevention and treatment. This article investigates the complex relationship between the circadian rhythm and cancer, exploring how disruptions to the internal clock may contribute to tumorigenesis and influence cancer progression. Numerous databases are utilized to conduct searches for articles, such as NCBI, MEDLINE, and Scopus. The keywords used throughout the academic archives are “circadian rhythm”, ”cancer”, and ”circadian clock”. Maintaining a healthy circadian cycle involves prioritizing healthy sleep habits and minimizing disruptions, such as consistent sleep schedules, reduced artificial light exposure, and meal timing adjustments. Dysregulation of the circadian clock gene and cell cycle can cause tumor growth, leading to the need to regulate the circadian cycle for better treatment outcomes. The circadian clock components significantly impact cellular responses to DNA damage, influencing cancer development. Understanding the circadian rhythm’s role in tumor diseases and their therapeutic targets is essential for treating and preventing cancer. Disruptions to the circadian rhythm can promote abnormal cell development and tumor metastasis, potentially due to immune system imbalances and hormonal fluctuations.

Rosmarinic acid is a well-known natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound, and it is one of the polyphenolic compounds found in comfrey plants. Comfrey root also contains allantoin, which helps with new skin regeneration. This study aimed to investigate the healing and skin regeneration process of skin wounds in Wistar rats using creams based on comfrey extract and to correlate the results with active compounds in the extract. The obtained results showed that comfrey root is rich in bioactive compounds, including allantoin, salvianolic acid, and rosmarinic acid, which are known for their great free radical scavenging activity, and the high antioxidant activity of the extract may be mainly due to these compounds. The obtained extract has an antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus (1530.76/382.69), Escherichia coli (6123.01/6123.01), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6123.01/6123.01). The macroscopic evaluation and the histological analysis of the skin defects 14 days after the intervention showed faster healing and complete healing in the skin excisions treated with oil-in-water cream with 20% extract of comfrey as the active ingredient.

Advances in veterinary ophthalmology in recent decades are primarily due to the development of eyeball examination techniques. One of the most advanced, non-invasive, non-contact, and high-resolution techniques is optical coherence tomography (OCT). With this technique, cross-sectional, in vivo images are provided, bringing new insights into the examination of eyeball structures. This technique complements the information provided by the clinical and paraclinical ophthalmic examination. Due to the structural complexity of the eyeball, the imaging examination plays an important role in diagnosing various ocular pathologies and monitoring these pathologies after interventional actions. This study aimed to present and apply this new method of eyeball examination in veterinary medicine for the diagnosis and monitoring of ocular disorders. The objectives of this study were to present the functioning elements, the working method of the tomograph, and the technique of examining the eye in dogs, as well as the analysis and interpretation of the changes found on the image obtained. The biological material used in this study consisted of 18 dogs of different ages and sexes. Eyeball examination was performed using the IVue-100 optical coherence tomography. The results are presented in the form of OCT images of normal and pathological aspects of the eyeball identified in the dogs consulted such as keratoglobus, corneal ulcer, corneal edema, retinal cyst, retinal edema In conclusion, examination of the eyeball with optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a highly accurate technique for observing the physiological or pathological condition of the eyeball.

Water intended for human consumption called drinking water must have a neutral pH, that is a pH value of 7. Below this pH value, the water is considered acidic; above this value it becomes alkaline. The pH value range tolerated by the human body is between 6.5 and 9. Alkaline water with pH values between 8.0 and 9.5 is considered one of the best types of drinking water due to its hydrating, detoxifying, and antioxidant effect. This study aimed to follow the biological effect of alkaline water consumption on body weight, blood glucose, and some blood biochemical parameters in a population of 20 rats. Rats were divided into two equal groups, a control group, and an experimental group. Both groups of rats were given 300 ml of water 3 times a day for 40 days. The rats in the control group received tap water from the mains and the rats in the experimental group received alkaline water with a pH of 8.5. Analysis of the physicochemical parameters of the two types of water revealed that their values do not exceed the maximum allowed according to the drinking water quality standards, except for the chloride values and the temporary hardness in alkaline water. The values obtained were analyzed and statistically interpreted and showed that consumption of alkaline water with pH 8.5 does not affect usual water intake, body mass values, and biochemical parameters; it does not produce systemic adverse effects, having a hypoglycaemic, antioxidant, and immunostimulatory effect.

The present pilot study investigates the blood biochemical changes induced by hemp seeds in rats with diabetes. The composition of industrial hemp seeds, antioxidant activity, identification and quantification of phenols and fatty acids from hemp oil were determined. The Wistar adult rats used in the experiment were divided into three groups (n = 6) and kept under standard conditions. Group one, the control group (individuals without diabetes), and group two (diabetic individuals) received water and normal food ad libitum, while the third group, also including diabetic individuals, received specific food (hemp seeds) and water ad libitum. Subsequent blood biochemical parameters were determined. Hemp seeds had higher phenol (14 compounds), flavonoids and PUFA contents compared to other plants seeds. In addition, the antioxidant activity in Cannabis sativa was also increased. Moreover, the ratio between n-6 and n-3 was 4.41, ideal for different diseases. Additionally, all biochemical parameters showed significant changes following the treatment. It was shown that high doses of hemp seeds decreased diabetes-induced biochemical damage in rats most probably due to the high content of active compounds. In order to use these seeds in humans, it is essential to find out which hemp compounds are particularly responsible for these effects. Moreover, for the objective investigation of their effects, longer-term studies are needed.

In the pathology of the urinary system, given its structural and functional complexity, the clinician must correlate the data obtained from the clinical and paraclinical examination. The aim of the study was to identify and apply the most relevant paraclinical methods for establishing the diagnosis of renal disease in dogs and to develop a reliable and easy to use working protocol. The biological material consisted of 25 dogs of different ages and sexes. The conventional and contrast-enhanced radiological examination together with the ecography, spectrofluorimetric analysis, urinary sediment examination, renal biopsy, cytological examination completed the disease information in order to establish a certitude diagnosis. In the management of patients with urinary disorders, the working protocol should include not only the animal anamnesis and a complete clinical examination but also a paraclinical examination which should be used depending on the patient’s clinical manifestations.