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Free radicals generation is inhibited through green light (GL) irradiation in cellular systems and in chemical reactions. Standard melanocyte cultures were UV-irradiated and the induced cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were quantified by the fluorescence technique. The same cell cultures, previously protected by a 24h GL exposure, displayed a significantly lower ROS production. A simple chemical reaction is subsequently chosen, in which the production of free radicals is well defined. Paraffin wax and mineral oil were GL irradiated during thermal degradation and the oxidation products checked by chemiluminescence [CL] and Fourier transform infrared spectra [FT-IR]. The same clear inhibition of the radical oxidation of alkanes is recorded. A quantum chemistry modeling of these results is performed and a mechanism involving a new type of Rydberg macromolecular systems with implications for biology and medicine is suggested.

This paper presents two new experimental results: the protective effect of green light (GL) on ultraviolet (UV) denaturation of proteins, and the effect of GL on protein macromolecular structures. The protective effect of GL was revealed on two serum albumins, bovine (BSA) and human (HSA), and recorded by electrophoresis, absorption, and circular dichroism spectra. The effect of GL irradiation on protein structure was recorded by using fluorescence spectroscopy and electrophoresis. These new effects were modeled by quantum-chemistry computation using Gaussian 03 W, leading to good fit between theoretical and experimental absorption and circular dichroism spectra. A mechanism for these phenomena is suggested, based on a double-photon absorption process. This nonlinear effect may lead to generation of long-lived Rydberg macromolecular systems, capable of long-range interactions. These newly suggested systems, with macroscopic quantum coherence behaviors, may block the UV denaturation processes.

The irradiation of enzymic substrates with visible light (λ = 546 nm) induces and enhancement of enzyme activities. This effect is obtained periodically at fixed substrate irradiation times that appear to be multiples of 5 sec. The minimum substrate irradiation time tt that induces an effect in the reaction as well as the fixed time interval τ that delimits two consecutive effects are enzyme dependent. The concept of a biological observable, linked with this new property of enzyme molecutes, is advanced. The detection of physical transitions induced in organic molecules by an electromagnetic field through enzymic reactions may be considered as a biological type of spectroscopy.

In this paper we report conformational changes recorded on a protein molecule (α-amylase) under green light irradiation. In order to explain the experimental results we advanced the hypothesis that green light induces electric dipoles in the protein, which interact with each other, generating conformational modifications toward a more compact design, with different physical properties. The experiments were carried out with un-polarized light (λ = 520 nm) from a light-emitting-diode (1000 lm, 20 W, 105 mW on the target). In view of the character of our hypothesis, and corroborated with all our experimental results, we suggest that this phenomenon may be more extended and general, specific for a larger class of proteins, occurring on the protein macromolecules under the green light. The effects of α-amylase protein irradiation were revealed by circular dichroism, fluorescence, Raman and FTIR-spectroscopies, zeta potential, cyclic voltammetry, electric impedance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Tentatively, we term the novel conformations as P∗ (polarized) proteins.

It is known that light interaction with matter may generate an optical force, which may produce modifications at the physical and chemical level. The basic technique of the field uses strongly focused laser beams that trap small objects and manipulate local structures. In our work we use irradiation of complex biological molecules with high density green photons, which may induce electric dipoles by polarization effects. The resulting dipolar interaction may lead to organized structures like molecular aggregates and microparticles. We present experimental evidence of such an optical manipulation on long alkanes chains and two specific enzymes. A preliminary physical model is suggested for acounting of these specific interaction forces.

Optical manipulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells with high density green photons conferred protection against the deleterious effects of UV radiation. Combining chemical screening with UV irradiation of yeast cells, it was noted that the high density green photons relied on the presence of intact unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway to exert their protective effect and that the low Ca2+ conditions boosted the effect. UPR chemical inducers tunicamycin, dithiotreitol and calcium chelators augmented the green light effect in a synergic action against UV-induced damage. Photo-manipulation of cells was a critical factor since the maximum protection was achieved only when cells were pre-exposed to green light.

The recent revolution in modern optical techniques revealed that light interaction with matter generates a force, known as optical force, which produces material properties known in physics as optical matter. The basic technique of the domain uses forces exerted by a strongly focused beam of light to trap small objects and subsequently to manipulate their local structures. The purpose of this paper is to develop an alternative approach, using irradiations with high-density-green-photons, which induce electric dipoles by polarization effects. The materials used for the experiments were long carbon chains which represent the framework of biological macromolecules. The physical techniques used to reveal the locally induced molecular arrangements were: dynamic viscosity, zeta potential, chemiluminescence, liquid chromatogra- phy; mass spectrometry, and Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The principal result of our experiments was the detection of different molecular arrangements within the mixture of alkane chains, generated by our optical manipulations. This induced "optical matter" displayed two material properties: antioxidant effects and large molecular aggregation effects. In order to bring the experimental results in relation with theory, we developed a physical model and the interacting force between polarizable bodies was computed. By numerical calculations stable structures for N =6a ndN = 8 particles were obtained.

This paper reports a new phenomenon connected with the influence of green light (GL) on biological systems. Our experiments have revealed an antioxidant effect of GL on cells subjected to lethal doses of UV at the cellular level and a protective effect of GL on DNA denatured by UV, coupled with a structural modification of DNA macromolecules under GL irradiation, at the molecular level. Mouse melanocyte cultures are subjected to UV irradiations with L(50) fluxes of 16.0 J m(-2) s(-1). GL is obtained from a strontium aluminate pigment, which emits GL under UV activation. Cells grown in GL, prior to UV irradiation, present a clear surprising protective effect with surviving values close to the controls. A GL antioxidant effect is suggested to be mediated through GL influence on cellular water cluster dynamics. To test this hypothesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are determined in cell cultures. The results revealed a decrease of cellular ROS generation in the UV-irradiated samples protected by a previous 24 h of GL irradiation. At the DNA level, the same type of GL protection against UV damage is recorded by gel electrophoresis and by UV spectroscopy of the irradiated DNA molecules. Two physical methods, impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry, have revealed at the level of GL-irradiated DNA molecules spectral modifications that correlate with the UV spectroscopy results. The interaction between the chargeless photons and the field of water molecules from the cellular compartments is discussed in relation with the new field of macroscopic quantum coherence phenomena.

The interaction between benzylpenicillin and the specific bacterial cell wall receptor(s) is influenced in a noncontinuous manner through the antibiotic irradiation with λ = 546 nm. The growth of two B. subtilis strains, one sensitive and the other resistant to penicillin, presents a different response pattern to the irradiated antibiotic. For both strains, the inhibitory activity of the antibiotic is increased for 5, 25 and 45 sec penicillin irradiation times. For the resistant strain, the inhibitory activity of the antibiotic is decreased for 15, 35 and 55 sec penicillin irradiation times. This decrease is correlated with the enhancements induced in penicillinase activity, which appear also for 15, 35 and 55 sec of benzylpenicillin irradiation times.

A quantum theoretic approach to the problem of specific biological interactions at the molecular level, is presented. The concept of a “measuring system” in analogy with the enzyme macromolecule is used. The main hypothesis is that in the course of an enzymic reaction, the enzyme will specify the eigenvalues of the observables associated with the substrate, on some particular quantum states. Then, any “perturbation” induced in the substrate, will also be specified by the enzyme. In this context, the enzymic substrate is “perturbed” by an electromagnetic field and the physical transition S → S∗ thus induced is “measured” in the E(S) + S∗ enzyme reaction, as compared with the control E(S) + S reaction. The effect on the enzyme reaction is manifested by an enhancement of the reaction rate appearing periodically at well defined substrate irradiation times. The minimum substrate irradiation time inducing the first effect, termed tm and the fixed time period that always appears to delimit two successive rate effects, termed the τ-parameter, are enzyme dependent. The same idea was used to devise an experimental model for the study of some more general interactions, within cellular systems. The growth of auxotrophic micro-organisms in minimal media supplemented with irradiated growth factors was followed. The pattern of growth stimulations obtained with this model, displays a similarity with the periodic enhancements of enzymic rates, obtained with irradiated substrates. This new type of evidence may suggest a characteristic of biological specificity, previously unrecognized.

A new type of physical transition, denotedS→S *, has been detected in irradiated organic molecules (λ=546 nm) through their interaction with specific biological macromolecules. In a specific enzyme-substrate interaction, a clear enhancement of the reaction rate is observed, when the substrate is irradiated with sharply well defined times. These “efficient irradiation times” are always of the 5k sec type (k=1, 2, 3, …). They have been consistently revealed in a great number of specific biological interactions. The present note demonstrates an important property, i.e. that forevery irradiation time aS→S * transition is induced in organic molecules. It is shown that for any irradiation times different from the 5k sec type (k=1, 2, 3, …) states of theS * type may occur, but the biological macromolecules may “detect” only theS * states induced by irradiations of the 5k sec type.

1. 1. The isolation and characterization of a rapidly labelled RNA from mouse liver mitochondria is described. This RNA fraction was shown to have the characteristics of messenger RNA (mRNA). 2. 2. The rapidly labelled RNA fraction exhibits a molecular weight of 1.5 · 10 5 and is continuously synthesized both in vivo and in vitro for 120 min. 3. 3. The amino acid incorporation into mitochondria in vitro is slightly stimulated by this RNA fraction. It also prevents the inhibitory effects of chloramphenicol. 4. 4. Hybridization of the rapidly labelled RNA with mitochondria DNA suggests the mitochondrial origin of this RNA.

IN a complex biological interaction, of the enzyme–substrate type, the enzyme may be considered to be formally analogous to a quantum “measuring apparatus” and the substrate to a collection of observables which characterize the substrate. When a “perturbation” is induced in such a system, the “perturbed” values of the substrate observables will be recorded by the respective “measuring apparatus”. Thus a new type of interaction may be formally derived: the interaction between a “perturbed” substrate, S*, and the corresponding unperturbed enzyme1.