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Background: Both pulmonary and mental health are affected following hospitalization for COVID-19 pneumonia. Pulmonary rehabilitation therapy has demonstrated benefits in improving mental health, but no validated combined programs that include mental health have been proposed. Objective: This article presents the design of a trial that aimed to assess whether the participation in a combined rehabilitation program that includes home-based respiratory physiotherapy and telephone-based psychological support is associated with a greater improvement of pulmonary and mental health outcomes 7-12 weeks after COVID-19 hospitalization discharge compared with posthospital usual care provided by a public Peruvian hospital. Methods: WAYRA (the word for air in the Quechua language) was an open-label, unblinded, two-arm randomized controlled trial. We recruited 108 participants aged 18-75 years who were discharged from the hospital after COVID-19 pneumonia that required >6 liters/minute of supplemental oxygen during treatment. Participants were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to receive the combined rehabilitation program or usual posthospital care provided by a public Peruvian hospital. The intervention consisted of 12 at-home respiratory rehabilitation sessions and 6 telephone-based psychological sessions. The primary outcome was the 6-minute walk distance. Secondary outcomes included lung function, mental health status (depression, anxiety, and trauma), and quality of life. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (before randomization) and at 7 and 12 weeks after hospital discharge to assess the difference between arms. Results: This study was funded by the Peruvian National Council of Science Technology and Technology Innovation in July 2020. Ethics approval was obtained on September 2, 2020. Recruitment and data collection occurred between October 2020 and June 2021. Results are expected to be published by the end of 2022. Conclusions: WAYRA was the first randomized controlled trial evaluating combined pulmonary-mental health rehabilitation for hospitalized COVID-19 survivors in resource-limited settings, potentially providing a foundation for the cost-effective scale-up of similar multidisciplinary rehabilitation programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives. To evaluate comorbidities associated with mortality in adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in hospitals in Lima and Callao. Materials and methods. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Peruvian Ministry of Health from March to October 2020. We estimated relative risks with 95% confidence intervals using Poisson regression models with robust variance to assess comorbidities associated with mortality by age group: young adults (18-29 years), adults (30-59 years) and older adults (≥60 years). Results. We included 2366 young adults, 23,781 adults and 25,356 older adults. Older adults had the highest mortality (63.7%) compared to adults (27.1%) and young adults (8.5%). Regardless of age group, the presence of neurological disease, renal disease, liver disease, and cancer was associated with an increased risk of mortality. Additionally, cardiovascular disease was also a risk factor in young adults; obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and immunodeficiency in adults; and obesity and chronic lung disease in the elderly. Conclusions. Regardless of age groups, individuals with chronic neurologic disease, renal disease, liver disease, and cancer were at high risk of death from COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, information on factors associated with adherence to antituberculosis treatment in areas with high prevalence of tuberculosis is scarce., Objetive: To evaluate whether there is an association between social support, concern about COVID-19 infection and knowledge about tuberculosis, and non-adherence to antituberculosis treatment., Materials and Methodos: A cross-sectional study was carried out on patients under antituberculosis treatment, from January to March, 2022, in centers located in areas with a high prevalence of tuberculosis in Lima. We used the Morisky Green-Levine questionnaire to assess adherence to treatment as the dependent variable; the independent variables were evaluated using the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey for perceived social support and concern about COVID-19 infection, and the Battle Test to assess patients’ knowledge about their disease. We used Poisson regression with robust variance to evaluate the association between the independent variables and the dependent one., Results: Out of 101 participants (73.3% male with an average age of 35.1 ± 16 years), 51.5% were non-adherent to antituberculosis treatment. Medium or high level of concern about getting COVID-19 was associated with a higher prevalence of non-adherence to treatment (odds ratio: 1.68; 95 % confidence interval: 1.09-2.57) (adjusted for considered confounding variables)., Conclusions: Non-adherence is a frequent condition among patients living in an area with a high prevalence of tuberculosis in Lima, especially among those with a higher concern for COVID-19 infection.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic led to massive use of personal protective equipment (PPE). However, evidence on the frequency of appropriate use is sparse. In this study, we evaluated the level of knowledge about COVID-19 and biosafety measures, and the frequency of correct use of masks in workers at a university in Lima, Peru., Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in a population of 109 workers of a private university who were physically onsite. We used a structured questionnaire to measure knowledge of COVID-19, together with use of and training in PPE. In addition, we explored factors associated with the correct use of masks and an adequate level of knowledge about COVID-19 and related biosafety measurSpain. Results were expressed as prevalence, using student's T-test and Pearson chi-square tests., Results: We evaluated 82 workers, 35.4% of whom showed an adequate level of knowledge about COVID-19 and biosafety measurSpain. Younger participants and those who regularly washed their hands at work had an adequate level of knowledge, with 90.2% of these reporting correct use of their masks. Workers in general service areas or with a low level of education reported less frequent correct use of their mask compared to those who did not have these characteristics.  Conclusion: We found a low level of knowledge about COVID-19 and biosafety measures among the workers of a private university; a higher level of education was associated with a greater prevalence of correct mask use. Training programs by work areas are needed, to improve biosafety practices among workers.

Objectives.: Motivation for the study. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the mortality rate from this disease was higher in adults and the elderly. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that were associated with mortality from COVID-19 in adults, by age group. Main findings. Chronic neurological disease, kidney disease, liver disease, and cancer increased the risk of dying from COVID-19 in the three age groups we analyzed, which were made up of hospitalized patients from Lima and Callao. The risk of mortality associated with comorbidities was higher in patients aged 18 to 29. Implications. This study helps to identify the groups of patients with the highest risk of death from COVID-19, according to age group and type of comorbidity. . To evaluate comorbidities associated with mortality in adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 in hospitals in Lima and Callao., Materials and Methods.: In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from adult patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 reported to the National Epidemiological Surveillance System of the Peruvian Ministry of Health from March to October 2020. We estimated relative risks with 95% confidence intervals using Poisson regression models with robust variance to assess comorbidities associated with mortality by age group: young adults (18-29 years), adults (30-59 years) and older adults (≥60 years)., Results.: We included 2366 young adults, 23,781 adults and 25,356 older adults. Older adults had the highest mortality (63.7%) compared to adults (27.1%) and young adults (8.5%). Regardless of age group, the presence of neurological disease, renal disease, liver disease, and cancer was associated with an increased risk of mortality. Additionally, cardiovascular disease was also a risk factor in young adults; obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, and immunodeficiency in adults; and obesity and chronic lung disease in the elderly., Conclusions.: Regardless of age groups, individuals with chronic neurologic disease, renal disease, liver disease, and cancer were at high risk of death from COVID-19.

Burnout can have a negative influence on dietary intake, promoting unhealthy eating behaviors in health care workers. This study determined the association between burnout, saturated fat intake, and body mass index (BMI) in a group of health care workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 300 health professionals residing in Rioja, Department of San Martin, Peru. Data were collected through an online and face-to-face survey. Burnout was assessed using a scale adapted and validated in the Peruvian population. Additionally, a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to assess habitual fat intake. Both instruments were validated and adapted to the Peruvian population. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariate logistic regression. Values of P < .05 were considered statistically significant. In the adjusted model, it was found that, for each extra point on intake scale, an average of 1.10 (95% CI, 0.57-1.62, P < .001) points increased burnout scale; these results persisted when compared by gender, 1.17 0.49 1.85, and 1.08 0.16 2.00, respectively female male genders. there no association between bmi ( P > .05). Future programs and interventions should be considered to minimize the effects of burnout on unhealthy food intake in health care workers in Peru to ensure better medical care by health care professionals on behalf of patients.

Objetives: To estimate the association between having knowledge about cervical cancer (CC) and having a Pap test (PAP) in Peruvian women over 30 years old., Materials and Methods: A secondary analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey of the years 2015 to 2017 was carried out. The level of knowledge was evaluated using the questions, do you think that cancer can be prevented?, Have you ever heard of CC?, Have you ever heard of human papillomavirus (HPV)? And do you think HPV can cause CC? The dependent variable was the realization of a PAP in the last two years. To estimate the association, generalized linear models of the raw and adjusted Poisson family were used. The measure of association was the adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with its respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)., Results: Data from 21 563 women were analyzed. The prevalence of having performed a PAP in the last two years was 52.4%. It was found that, those who responded that cancer can be prevented (aPR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.01-1.17), who had heard of CC (aPR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.14-1 , 40) or HPV (aPR = 1.20; 95% CI: 1.13-1.28) or who responded that HPV could cause CC (aPR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.11-1.33) had a higher prevalence of having performed a PAP in the last two years., Conclusions: Having knowledge about CC and HPV has been associated with having performed a PAP in the last two years.