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Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Erzincan University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Erzincan Binali Yildirim Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to determine the role of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes Mart.) organic matter on water retention at pF 2.54 and pF 4.2, available water content, and bulk density (BD). The research method used was a factorial randomized block design. The first factor was the sorghum variety, which consisted of 2 levels, namely, V1 (variety) and V2 (Kawali). The second factor was the dose of water hyacinth organic matter, which consisted of 5 levels, namely P0 (without the application of water hyacinth organic matter), P1 (10 tons.ha-1), P2 (20 tons.ha-1), P3 (30 tons.ha-1), and P4 (40 tons.ha-1). Water retention was measured at pF 2.54 and pF 4.2 using a pressure plate apparatus and pressure membrane apparatus, respectively, and BD was measured using the ring method. The results showed that the treatment of organic matter application and varieties had a significant effect on water retention at pF 2.54, available water content, and BD with the best treatment of 40 tons of organic matter application and Kawali variety, but not affecting water retention at pF 4.2. There was no interaction between water hyacinth organic matter and sorghum varieties to improve water retention and BD. The highest water retention at pF 2.54 was 32.24% (P4), and the highest available water content was 11.67% (P4) but not significantly different from P3 (11.55%); the lowest BD was 1.11 g.cm-3 (P4) but not significantly different from P3 (1.13 g.cm-3). A very strong positive linear and negative linear correlation exists between available water content and BD with plant height, panicle length, and sorghum yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bobot kering tajuk dan bobot dompolan (head), menghitung korelasi antara komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil berbagai genotipe sorgum, dan menentukan pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung berbagai komponen pertumbuhan dan hasil terhadap bobot dompolan yang dihitung menggunakan sidik lintas pada berbagai genotipe sorgum. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Sukanegara, Kecamatan Tanjung Bintang, Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Provinsi Lampung, pada April sampai November 2019. Tujuh genotipe sorgum (Super-1, Mandau, P/I 150-21-A CYMMIT, P/F 5-193-C, P/F 10-90-A, UPCA, dan Talaga Bodas) disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat variasi bobot kering tajuk dan bobot dompolan antargenotipe. Genotipe Mandau dan P/F 10-90 A menghasilkan bobot kering tajuk (66,93 g dan 56,46 g) dan bobot dompolan (52,68 g dan 56,81 g) lebih tinggi dibanding genotipe lain. Terdapat korelasi positif antara bobot kering tajuk dengan bobot dompolan (r=0,76**), serta bobot dompolan dengan bobot biji (r=0,90**). Bobot kering tajuk memiliki nilai pengaruh langsung terhadap bobot dompolan sebesar 0,6037. Selain itu, bobot biji memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap bobot dompolan sebesar 0,7373.

Sorghum is a multifunctional crop as a source of food, feed, and alternative energy. Plant breeding using the radiation mutation technique was applied to improve the characteristics of sorghum according to its purpose. This study evaluated the agronomic and fiber characteristics of selected sorghum mutant lines. Eight sorghum mutant lines were observed in this study (GHP-2, GHP-3, GHP-4, GHP-5, GHP-7, G-5, P-341, and P36.M10). Pahat and Bioguma sorghum varieties were used as control. Compared to eight selected mutant lines, Bioguma variety was the tallest plant. Except for P-341, all selected mutant sorghum lines produced lower plant biomass than Bioguma. The highest sugar content was produced by G-5 and P-36.M10. There are no significant differences in seed production per panicle. The lowest fiber fractions in the leaf and stem were produced by GHP-3 and G-5 mutant lines, respectively. Based on our findings, the P-341 sorghum mutant line can be used as forage sorghum because it produces high biomass and relatively low fiber content. The G-5 mutant line can be projected as an alternative energy source due to its high stem sugar content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorgum merupakan salah satu serealia sumber karbohidrat yang sering dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku industri khususnya dalam bentuk pati. Ekstraksi pati menghasilkan produk samping yaitu protein yang memiliki kandungan protein 3 kali lipat lebih tinggi dari kandungan protein pada biji sorgum. Isolasi protein sorgum dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan enzim α-amilase. Sifat fisik dan kimia akan memengaruhi sifat produk selama proses pengolahan, penyimpanan dan konsumsi makanan. Sifat fisikokimia tersebut meliputi kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, dan morfologi permukaan granula isolat protein sorgum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisikokimia yang dimiliki oleh isolat protein sorgum yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental yang dilanjutkan dengan analisa secara deskriptif. Penelitian yang dilakukan 2 konsentrasi enzim yang berbeda (30000 U/g dan 53681,6 U/g) dalam waktu hidrolisis yang sama (30 menit). Hasil isolasi protein menggunakan metode enzimatis dengan konsentrasi enzim α-amilase 53681,6 U/g pati, menghasilkan konsentrat protein sorgum dengan kandungan protein 70,96%, serta kadar non-protein seperti kadar air, abu, lemak, dan karbohidrat dengan nilai berturut-turut sebesar 79,72%, 0,68%, 0,15%, dan 5,1% dengan morfologi isolat protein berupa kafirin yang saling menempel erat satu dengan yang lainnya mengelilingi endosperm.

Kebutuhan pangan di Indonesia mengonsumsi beras, jagung, gandum, sagu dan lain-lain. Pangan yang paling banyak di konsumsi adalah beras, sehingga kebutuhan beras relatif tinggi. Pasokan beras yang ada di Indonesia masih kurang bisa memenuhi kebutuhan beras masyarakat. Salah satunya di kampung Ciharalang desa Mekarsaluyu Kabupaten Bandung. Penyebab petani di kampung Ciharalang, memiliki produksi beras yang sedikit karena informasi mengenai teknologi pascapanen sorgum masih belum teraplikasikan dengan baik dikalangan petani. Sosoh adalah suatu proses untuk memutihkan dan mengikis lapisan kulit ari. Pada penelitian ini dirancang suatu mesin yang dapat menyosoh beras dan sorgum dalam satu mesin yang sama dan dapat menyosoh hingga tiga kali dalam satu kali proses. Penelitian menggunakan metodologi perancangan VDI 2222. Untuk pembuatan model rancangan dan validasi kekuatan komponen kritis menggunakan software Solidworks. Dihasilkan mesin sosoh yang dapat menyosoh beras dan sorgum dalam satu mesin yang sama dengan tiga ruang penyosohan. Mesin ini beroperasi dengan motor diesel Hong Tong Fang S195N dengan daya 8,45 kW pada 2000 rpm dan 45,19 Nm pada 1600 rpm. Mesin ini mempunyai konstruksi komponen tipe abrasive dan friction yang dapat dilepas pasang sesuai skema sosoh yang dibutuhkan oleh masing-masing material. Konstruksi mesin dirancang ringkas dan mampu pindah. Pengoperasian mesin yang mudah karena diadopsi dari mesin sosoh yang familiar digunakan oleh pelaku usaha penggiling padi, membuat produksi beras dan sorgum di kampung Cihalarang menjadi lebih efektif dengan memiliki kualitas hasil sosoh yang baik.

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Engineering / Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengukur respon pemberian pupuk nitrogen pada level berbeda terhadap kandungan fraksi serat pada galur sorgum mutan brown midrib Patir 3.7. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun Laboratorium Lapangan Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Andalas. Penelitian didisain secara eksperimen menggunakan Rancanagan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan adalah P0= 0 kg N ha-1 (kontrol); P1= 50 kg N ha-1; P2= 100 kg N ha-1; dan P3= 150 kg N ha-1. Parameter yang diukur adalah kandungan ADF, NDF, selulosa, hemiselulosa, lignin dan silika. Pengolahan data menggunakan program software SPSS 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan pupuk nitrogen memberikan pengaruh berbeda tidak nyata (p>0,05) terhadap kandngan ADF, selulosa, lignin dan silika, namun memberikan pengaruh nyata (p

Sorghum is one of the warm climate species known for its multi-purpose use and water use efficiency. The cultivation of this species, which is known to be more advantageous than maize in terms of water use, is increasing currently. Depending on this increase, it is necessary to develop more varieties that will serve different purposes. In the study, six different genotypes were grown with two standard genotypes in Aydın (Turkey) ecological conditions in 2016-2017 with 3 replications. Plant height (cm), fresh forage yield (t da-1), hay yield (t da-1), number of leaves, crude protein ratio (%), ADF (%), NDF (%) are the measured properties. With these data, crude protein yield (t da-1) and relative feed value characteristics were calculated. In the light of the results obtained from the experiment, it was observed that the fresh forage yield varied between 3.63-10.06 t da-1, the hay yield between 0.79-2.12 t da-1, crude protein yield between 0.075-0.198 t da-1, and the relative feed value between 91.61-116.40. Among the genotypes, EA27 and EA36 stand out in terms of yield, while Beydarı has high values in terms of some quality characteristics. The results revealed that some genotypes are promising in sorghum breeding according to their intended use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jagung banyak digunakan menjadi sumber energi utama dalam formulasi ransum ayam broiler. Penggunaan jagung untuk pakan berkompetisi dengan penggunaan untuk pangan dan energi (biofuel). Perlu alternatif bahan pakan pengganti jagung untuk mendukung produksi ayam pedaging di Indonesia. Sorgum diidentifikasi sebagai tanaman yang potensial dapat menggantikan jagung karena kemiripan komposisi gizinya dengan jagung. Review ini ditulis dengan tujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan sorgum untuk sumber energi dalam pakan ayam broiler sebagai pengganti jagung. Sorgum dapat digunakan menjadi sumber energi yang paling banyak digunakan pada formulasi ransum ayam pedaging. Kandungan gizi sorgum hampir sama dengan kandungan gizi pada jagung. Hasil uji biologis substitusi jagung oleh sorgum dalam formulasi pakan ayam broiler menunjukkan bahwa sorgum memperlihatkan sebagai bahan pakan yang mampu mensubstitusi jagung sampai 100%.

This study was carried out in 2018 at Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops to examine the germination and seedling growth of gibberellic acid (GA3) treated sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seeds at different salt concentrations. The experiment was conducted in Petri dishes in the germination cabinet according to the splitplots design with 3 replications. In the study, seeds were kept at 4 different GA3 doses (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm) for 24 hours and then germinated at 5 different salt doses (0, 2500, 5000, 7500, and 10000 ppm NaCl). In the study, germination rate, shoot length, root length, shoot and root fresh weights and shoot and root dry weights were investigated. At the end of the study, it was determined that all traits except germination rate were significantly (p<0.01) affected by salt stress, and the effect of GA3 application on all traits except root dry weight was insignificant. In the study, the germination rate of sorghum seeds varied between 69.33% and 89.33%. According to the results of the study, shoot length was measured between 4.64 cm (10000 ppm NaCl) and 9.79 cm (control), root length was measured between 3.13 cm (10000 ppm NaCl) and 6.05 cm (control), shoot fresh weight was determined between 18.96 mg plant-1 (10000 ppm NaCl) and 49.49 mg plant-1 (control); root fresh weight was determined between 5.43 mg plant-1 (10000 ppm NaCl) and 15.15 mg plant-1, shoot dry weight was varied between 2.32 mg plant-1 (10000 ppm NaCl) and 4.67 mg plant-1 (control); and root dry weight varied between 0.58 mg plant-1 (10000 ppm NaCl) and 0.99 mg plant-1 (control). Apart from the germination ratio, other properties were negatively affected by the increase in salt concentration. The GA3 applications evaluated in the study, on the other hand, did not have an effect on mitigating these negative effects of salt stress. As a result, it is seen that more comprehensive studies are needed to obtain more precise results about the effects of GA3 application on sorghum seeds germinated in saline conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to determine the nutritional quality and aerobic stability of sorghum, maize, and their mixture silages without any additives. Sorghum and maize were harvested at dough stage from a local farm in Tekirdağ. Fresh plant materials were chopped to a length of 2-3 cm and packed into polythene bags, and vacuumed. A total of 12 vacuum-packed silos (4 replications in each treatment) were prepared with sorghum (S), maize (M), and a mixture of sorghum-maize (SM) forage (w:w, 50:50 according to dry matter) and stored at room temperature for 60 days. The chemical and microbiological composition of silages with the rate of aerobic deterioration upon aerobic exposure were evaluated. Based on the pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration, all silages could be classified as good quality. The water-soluble carbohydrate level of the SM group increased due to mixing S and M forages, leading to improved lactic acid content. The NDF and ADF values of silages varied between 520.52588.32 and 234.98-309.01 g kg-1, and the differences between silages were significant (P<0.01). The Hemicellulose/Cellulose ratio of S, M, and SM silages were found 0.94, 1.49, and 1.18, respectively. The lactobacilli and yeast content of silages were significant and varied between 5.18-7.41 and 5.18-7.29 log cfu g-1, and the highest and lowest values were observed in SM and S silages, respectively (P<0.01). No visible mold was detected in all silages after 5 days of aerobic exposure (P>0.05). The pH, CO2, and yeast numbers were varied in groups between 4.88-6.74, 55.71-119.33 g kg-1, and 8.40-9.01 log cfu g-1. It was concluded that it is possible to improve the nutritional and fermentation characteristics of sorghum and maize silage by ensiling their mixture. However, it is highly recommended that silage additives should be used to guarantee and strengthen the fermentation and aerobic stability of silage mostly made by a mixture of these two energetic forage crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bu çalışma, farklı mikoriza türleri aşılaması ile birlikte farklı dozlarda kompost ve fosfat kayacı uygulamalarının sorgum bitkisinin gelişimi ve besin elementleri alımına olan etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Denemede kompost dozları 0, 20, 40 g kompost/kg toprak, fosfat kayacı dozları 0, 2, 4 g fosfat kayacı/kg toprak olarak uygulanmış, mikoriza türleri olarak; Funnelformis mosseae, F. caledonius, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizophagus clarus, doğal ve kokteyl (karışım) kullanılmıştır. Hasat sonunda kök ve kök üstü aksam kuru madde üretimleri, fosfor (P) ve çinko (Zn) konsantrasyonları ve mikorizal kök infeksiyonu analizleri yapılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, mikoriza aşılaması sorgum bitkisinin kök ve kök üstü aksam kuru madde üretimine, P, Zn ve kök infeksiyonuna fosfat kayacı ve kompost uygulamalarına göre daha fazla oranda etki etmiştir. En etkili mikoriza türü olarak F. caledonius ön plana çıkmaktadır. Kompost uygulamalarında 20 ve 40 g/kg toprak doz uygulamaları etkin bulunur iken, fosfat kayacında ise yetiştirme süresinin kısalığı nedeniyle fosfat kayacının yeterince çözünemediği kanısına varılmıştır.

Sorgum merupakan tanaman yang adaptif, dapat tumbuh optimal pada lahan kering dan masam, dan tahan terhadap kondisi marjinal (kekeringan, salinitas dan lahan masam). Tanaman ini memiliki manfaat sebagai sumber karbohidrat pengganti beras dan dapat diolah menjadi produk turunan lainnya. Sejauh ini masyarakat mengkonsumsi bulir sorgum yang diolah secara tradisional antara lain di buat bubur atau di kukus dan langsung dinikmati. Selain itu, dengan pengolahan yang baik dapat menjadikan sorgum sebagai pangan fungsional kesehatan potensial. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat sekitar dengan memberikan pengetahuan dan informasi terkait pengolahan dan budidaya sorgum. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dalam bentuk penyuluhan, pelatihan, dan pendampingan. Di akhir program terjadi transfer teknologi yang dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pendapatan masyarakat di Nagari Rambatan. Dari hasil kegiatan diperoleh bahwa Jorong Pabalutan dan Dusun Ladang Laweh berada di Nagari Rambatan Kecamatan Rambatan Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Sumatera Barat. Nagari Rambatan mempunyai 1.550 kepala keluarga yang mayoritas petani padi di sawah, menyadap karet, dan lain-lain. Luas lahan persawahan di Nagari Rambatan sekitar 27.442 Ha. Kondisi umum yang dihadapi petani adalah masalah pengairan, petani hanya bertanam padi di sawah dua kali dalam setahun bahkan hanya sekali dalam setahun. Hal ini disebabkan karena Rambatan termasuk daerah bayangan hujan. Salah satu upaya untuk mengisi kekosongan lahan saat musim kemarau adalah dengan melakukan budidaya tanaman sorgum. Selanjutnya hasil survei terhadap kelompok tani Sepakat dan kelompok tani Kuta Bali menunjukkan keinginan yang kuat untuk mendapatkan transfer pengetahuan dan teknologi yang terkait dengan budidaya sorgum yang baik dan benar.

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the fifth important cereal considered a drought-tolerant crop. However, its reduction of grain yield considerably occurs in a shortage of water. In the current study, 10 sorghum genotypes were assessed for their grain yield under normal irrigation and water deficit irrigation. As well, the efficacy of several drought indices was evaluated for the selection of high-yield and drought-tolerant genotypes. The experiment was conducted as a split-plot considering three irrigation levels as main-plot and 10 genotypes as sub-plot. Correlation among the indices, clustering of the genotypes along with principal component analysis was employed. Yield production was significantly and positively correlated with indices MP (mean productivity), STI (stress tolerance index), GMP (geometric productivity), HM (harmonic mean), and YI (yield index) in all the irrigation levels. Therefore, these indices are more effective in the selection of high-yielding genotypes under different water conditions. Rank means of stress indices for each genotype revealed that genotype TN-04-79 in mild deficit irrigation and genotypes KGS23 and TN-04-79 in severe deficit irrigation were the most tolerant.

Sorgum merupakan salah satu tanaman yang sudah lama dibudidayakan di Indonesia namun dalam areal yang masih terbatas karena lahan pertanian yang subur dan produktif semakin menyempit. Kebanyakan lahan subur dan produktif tersebut pada umumnya lebih intensif ditanami padi dan terjadinya alih fungsi lahan subur untuk pembangunan industri, perumahan dan lain-lain. Salah satu upaya untuk mengembangkan komoditas sorgum adalah dengan memanfaatkan lahan marginal dekat pantai yang memiliki permasalahan yaitu memiliki tingkat salinitas yang tinggi. Permasalahan salinitas dapat dikendalikan dengan pemanfaatan unsur kalsium untuk menjaga agar tanaman sorgum dapat tumbuh secara optimum. Penelitian ini bertujuan memanfaatkan potensi lahan salin dan mengetahui dosis kalsium yang terbaik untuk menekan pengaruh dari cekaman salinitas untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum. Percobaan ini dilakukan di rumah plastik buatan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), terdapat 2 faktor yang mana faktor pertama adalah tingkat salinitas yaitu 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM dan 250 mM. Faktor kedua adalah perbedaan konsentrasi Kalsium Klorida (CaCl2) yaitu 0 mM, 10 mM, 20 mM dan 30 mM. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang 3 kali. Varietas yang digunakan adalah Super 1. Variabel pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, panjang akar, umur berbunga, umur panen, bobot biji per malai, kandungan klorofil, kadar air relatif daun dan kandungan prolin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan S0C1 (Cekaman salin 100 mM + Kalsium 10 mM) memberikan hasil terbaik pada variabel tinggi tanaman dan panjang akar. Kombinasi perlakuan S0C2 (Cekaman salin 100 mM + Kalsium 20 mM) memberikan hasil terbaik pada variabel bobot biji per malai, klorofil dan kadar air relatif.

ABSTRAK. Silase gabungan rumput-leguminosa merupakan inovasi yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk menyediakan pakan dan bisa digunakan sepanjang tahun. Kandungan protein silase campuran tersebut dapat mencapai tingkat optimal sebagai pakan konsentrat hijau (green concentrate). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas, karakter fermentasi dan kecernaan in vitro silase campuran sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and gamal (Gliricidia sepium) dengan menambahkan dosis asam laktat yang berbeda. Silase dibuat dengan mencampur bahan penyusun yang terdiri dari sorgum dan daun gamal dengan perbandingan 1:1 dan penambahan asam laktat konsentrasi 20% (v/v). Penelitian terdiri atas 3 perlakuan yaitu; A0: (kontrol) tanpa penambahan asam laktat, A1: penambahan asam laktat sebanyak 2% (b/v), A2: 2,5% (b/v), dan A3: 3% (b/v) dengan 4 ulangan tiap perlakuan. Proses ensilase menggunakan cairan rumen kambing selama 21 hari. Parameter penelitian yang diamati adalah kualitas silase dan kecernaan in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis penambahan asam laktat sebanyak 2% menghasilkan silase paling optimal dengan pH (3,94), bahan kering (26,62%), dan nilai Fleigh (100,89), namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kandungan protein kasar, kecernaan bahan organik, kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan protein kasar. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini adalah penggunaan asam laktat organik dengan dosis 2 hingga 3% (b/v) konsentrasi 20% (v/v) mampu meningkatkan karakteristik, kualitas fermentasi tetapi tidak mempengaruhi nilai KcBK, KcBO dan KcPK silase campuran sorgum stay green (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and gamal (Gliricidia sepium). (Quality evaluation, fermentation characteristic and in vitro digestibility of stay green sorghum-Gliricidia sepium mix silage on different level of lactic acid utilization) ABSTRACT. The grass-legume combined silage is an innovation that can be applied to provide feed and can be used throughout the year. The content of the mixed silage protein can reach optimal levels as a green concentrate feed. This study aims to evaluate the quality, fermentation characteristics and digestibility of in vitro silage of a mixture of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and gamal (Gliricidia sepium) by adding different doses of lactic acid. Silage is made by mixing a constituent consisting of sorghum and gamal leaves in a ratio of 1: 1 and the addition of lactic acid concentration of 20% (v / v). The study consisted of 3 treatments namely; A0: (control) without the addition of lactic acid, A1: addition of 2% (w / v) lactic acid, A2: 2.5% (w / v), and A3: 3% (w / v) with 4 replications each treatment. The ensilage process used goat's rumen fluid for 21 days. The research parameters observed were silage quality and in vitro digestibility. The results showed that the addition dose of lactic acid as much as 2% produced the most optimal silage with pH (3.94), dry matter (26.62%), and Fleigh value (100.89), but had no effect on crude protein content, digestibility organic matter, digestibility of dry matter and digestibility of crude protein. The conclusion of this study is the use of organic lactic acid with a dose of 2 to 3% (w/v) concentration of 20% (v/v) can improve the characteristics, quality of fermentation but does not affect the value of KcBK, KcBO and KcPK silage stay sorghum mixture green (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and gamal (Gliricidia sepium).

This study was conducted to determine number of flowering days under water stress and full irrigation conditions, the days required for the first and second cut time, and the GDD (Growing degree days) of sorghum x sudan grass hybrid varieties under Konya ecological conditions in 2017 and 2018 years. The study conducted in randomized blocks – split plots experimental design with 3 replications, the main parcels were irrigated (S1: Full irrigation; S2: Irrigation 50% of S1), and the sub plots were varieties (Hayday, Tonka, Aneto, Greengo, Sugargraze II, Master BMR, Forage King). In the study, the GDD values for flowering time were determined as 924 oC and 988 oC under full irrigated conditions (S1) in 2017 and 2018 years, respectively. While in water stress conditions (S2), the GDD values were determined as 1115.8 oC and 1078.2 oC in 2017 and 2018, respectively. For the first cutting, the GDD values were determined as 1116.4 oC and 1177.3 oC under full irrigated conditions (S1) in 2017 and 2018, respectively. In water stress (S2) conditions, the GDD values were determined as 1265 oC and 1255.5 oC in 2017 and 2018 years, respectively. In both years, the lowest GDD values were determined from Forage King variety (806.3-869.9 oC), in flowering period. While the highest GDD values were determined from Tonka variety (1110.7 oC) in 2017 and from Tonka, Greengo varieties (1113.3 oC) in 2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kondisi lahan yang kering dan kesuburan tanah yang rendah menjadi permasalahan utama dalam pengembangan sorgum sebagai bahan pangan, pakan dan bahan baku industri (ethanol). Pemberian pupuk fospor (P) diharapkan dapat meningkatkan biomas batang, volume nira, kadar brix dan biji sorgum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai dosis pemberian pupuk P terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, kadar gula brix dan biomas beberapa varietas sorgum. Penelitian di laksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Serealia, Maros Sulawesi Selatan. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam percobaan ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) tiga ulangan dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah varietas (Super 1, Super 2 dan Numbu). Faktor kedua adalah penambahan pupuk tunggal Posfor (P) : P1= tanpa pupuk fosfor, P2= 25 kg/ha pupuk P, P3= 50 kg/ha pupuk P, P4= 75 kg/ha pupuk P, P5= 100 kg/ha pupuk P dan P6= 125 kg/ha pupuk P. Dosis pupuk acuan yang digunakan adalah 120 kg/ha N, 36 kg/ha P (P2O5) dan 90 kg/ha KCl (K2O). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam Anova, apabila berpengaruh nyata dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan dengan taraf kesalahan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pupuk P dosis 50 kg/ha menghasilkan panen biji tertinggi pada varietas Super 1 (2.73 t/ha), Numbu (1.93 t/ha) dan pupuk P dengan dosis 25 kg/ha menghasilkan bobot panen tertinggi pada varietas Super 2 (3.76 t/ha). Kadar gula brix tertinggi diperoleh pada varietas Super 1 dosis P 100 kg/ha (12.95%), Super 2 dosis P 125 kg/ha (15.61%) dan Numbu dosis P 125 kg/ha (14.19%).

This study was conducted to determine the yield and some quality characters of sorghum cultivars in Usak province in 2015. The study was conducted with four sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Sugar Graze II, Greengo, Nutri Honey, El Rey) in the second crop conditions. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized block design with three replicates. In the study, plant height, hay yield, crude protein (CP) ratio, crude protein yields, ADF, NDF, total digestible nutrient (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV) were determined. There were significant differences in all the properties examined among sorghum and sorghum-sudangrass hybrid cultivars. According to the results of the research, plant heights of cultivars ranged from 198.2 to 203.5 cm, hay yields ranged from 11770 to 13140 kg ha-1, crude protein ratios ranged from 7.07 to 7.84%, crude protein yields ranged from 831.7 to 1029.0 kg ha-1, ADF ratios from 35.86 to 40.15%, NDF ratios from 56.11 to 58.12%, TDN ratios from 49.52 to 55.05%, RFV values from 92.20 to 101.05. Greengo cultivar had higher plant height, hay yield, crude protein yield, TDN and RFV values and lower ADF and NDF ratio than other cultivars. The results revealed that Greengo cultivar can be considered suitable for the Uşak and similar ecological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examined the food security of sorghum in Nigeria using annual time series data that ranged from 1961 to 2018. The data were sourced from the FAO database and the collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The empirical findings showed sorghum to be an orphan crop as the production growth performance throughout the regime shift was poor given that area expansion rather than productivity was the major factor that influenced an increase in the production of sorghum. In addition, an increase in area was the major factor responsible for the change in average production within and between the regime shifts. It was observed that fluctuation in the average production between the regime shifts was caused by area risk and uncertainty viz. weather vagaries. It was established that the acreage allocation decision of the farmers was governed by both institutional and non-institutional factors. Furthermore, the future food security of sorghum production is not promising as the production will be marked by a gentle rise owing to the gentle rise in area as productivity will be marked by a marginal increase in trend. Therefore, the food insecurity of sorghum is another timing-bomb which the country will contain with given its versatile purposes. Thus, the policymakers need to take urgent steps to avert impending importation which will affect the country's economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pengujian kualitas inokulan mikoriza yang berkualitas antara lain dapat dilakukan melalui optimasi metode sterilisasi dan komposisi media. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sterilisasi dan komposisi media terhadap derajat infeksi akar, panjang akar, dan bobot kering akar sorgum telah dilakukan di rumah kaca. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial terdiri atas perlakuan faktor pertama berupa sterilisasi media yang terdiri atas empat taraf, yaitu: tanpa sterilisasi (kontrol); autoklaf; NaOCl 10%; dan iradiasi gamma Co-60, serta faktor kedua adalah komposisi media tanam yang terdiri atas tiga taraf yaitu: 100% zeolit; 75% zeolit + 25% arang sekam; dan 50% zeolit + 50% arang sekam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan sterilisasi dan komposisi media tanam terhadap peningkatan kolonisasi akar, panjang akar, dan bobot akar sorgum. Teknik sterilisasi media berpengaruh terhadap kolonisasi akar, panjang akar dan bobot akar sorgum. Teknik sterilisasi dengan autoklaf dan iradiasi tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol dalam meningkatkan kolonisasi akar, panjang akar dan bobot akar sorgum, namun iradiasi Gamma cenderung memperlihatkan hasil terbaik. Perlakuan komposisi media zeolit dan arang sekam secara umum tidak memberikan perbedaan yang nyata, sehingga produksi inokulan FMA dapat menggunakan berbagai komposisi sesuai dengan ketersediaan bahannya. Quality of biofertilizer such as arbuscular myorrhizal fungi could be improved through the selection of appropriate sterilization and composition of the medium. The objective of the experiment was to determine the effect of sterilization and carrier composition on root colonisation, root length and weight of sorghum root. A green house experiment was conducted in randomized block design. The factors were: 1. methods of sterilization (ie. control; autoclave; NaOCl 10%; Co-60 gamma irradiation), and 2. composition of the carrier of mycorrhiza (100% zeolite; 75% zeolite + 25% rice charcoal; 50% zeolite + 50% rice charcoal). Results showed that there was no interaction effect of sterilization and composition of carrier on root colonisation, root length and weight of sorghum root. However, different technique of sterilisation gave differences on root colonisation, root length and weight of sorghum root. Sterilization using NaOCl 10% was not recommended. Gamma Co-60 irradiation sterilization did not have difference with control and autoclave, however there was tendency that irradiation technique gave better results to all parameters measured.

Copyright of Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences (YYU J Agr Sci) is the property of Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: β-Cyanoalanine synthase plays essential roles in germinating seeds, such as in cyanide homeostasis. Methods: β-Cyanoalanine synthase was isolated from sorghum seeds, purified using chromatographic techniques and its biochemical and catalytic properties were determined. Results: The purified enzyme had a yield of 61.74% and specific activity of 577.50 nmol H2S/min/mg of protein. The apparent and subunit molecular weight for purified β-cyanoalanine synthase were 58.26±2.41 kDa and 63.4 kDa, respectively. The kinetic parameters with sodium cyanide as substrate were 0.67±0.08 mM, 17.60±0.50 nmol H2S/mL/min, 2.97×10−1 s−1 and 4.43×102 M−1 s−1 for KM, Vmax, kcat and kcat/KM, respectively. With L-cysteine as substrate, the kinetic parameters were 2.64±0.37 mM, 63.41±4.04 nmol H2S/mL/min, 10.71×10−1 s−1 and 4.06×102 M−1 s−1 for KM, Vmax, kcat and kcat/KM, respectively. The optimum temperature and pH for activity were 35°C and 8.5, respectively. The enzyme retained more than half of its activity at 40°C. Inhibitors such as HgCl2, EDTA, glycine and iodoacetamide reduced enzyme activity. Conclusion: The biochemical properties of β-cyanoalanine synthase in germinating sorghum seeds highlights its roles in maintaining cyanide homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences is the property of Akdeniz Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rice-analogue (RA) made from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is recently popular in Indonesia due to its potential as an alternative staple food besides rice. Sorghum has many phytochemicals with various functional properties including those correlating with anticancer activity. The RA production involves several steps; i.e. polishing, milling, mixing, extruding, and oven drying. This study used FTIR based metabolomics to identify whether these steps affect sorghum phytochemicals composition and its cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cell lines in-vitro. It was discovered that the cytotoxic of sorghum was relatively stable during the process. The RA final product (oven dried RA) showed higher activity (90.85%) as compared to other samples taken from previous steps (2000 ppm dose). The correlation between the FTIR profile and cytotoxic activity of RA was analyzed using one of the multivariate data analysis method namely orthogonal projection to the least square (OPLS). By comparing the OPLS data with FTIR data of compounds reported to be found in sorghum, it is shown that typical FTIR patterns for the phenolic compounds particularly ferulic acids, p-coumaric acid, and procyanidins, as well as phytosterols, were highly correlated with the RA's cytotoxic activity. The signals were found to be dominant in the most active sample (oven dried RA). It can be concluded that sorghum phytochemicals responsible for its cytotoxic activity were not affected by the processing steps, therefore RA is potential to be promoted as an alternative functional staple food in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mediterranean Agricultural Sciences is the property of Akdeniz Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research was established with 4 replications according to the factorial experiment design in the research areas of the Agricultural Research and Application Center of Igdir University in 2015 year. The study was set up to determine the effects of plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry rate, plant dry weight, salt tolerance percentage, leaf ratio, stem ratio and bunch rate of sorghum of 7 different irrigation water salinity (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 dS m-1) on 3 sorghum (Rox, Early Sumac, Leoti) 2 sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Nutri Honey, Hayday) and 1 Sudangrass (Gözde-80) grown in pots in greenhouses. As the irrigation water salinity increased, the plant height, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight, salt tolerance percentage and bunch rate decreased, plant dry ratio, leaf ratio and stem ratio increased. The most resistant varieties of sorghum to the highest saline application were Early Sumac, Rox and Nutri Honey, respectively and the most sensitive varieties were Leoti, Gözde-80 and Hayday, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was conducted to determine the effects of different mixed cropping patterns sorghum with soybean on agronomic characters and forage yield in Bilecik, Turkey, 2015 growing season. Three mixed cropping patterns in alternate rows and pure stands for individual crops were designed field trials were arranged in complete randomized blocks with three replications. As a result of the study, sorghum was clearly determined as dominant crop for producing high yield. Therefore decreasing sorghum plant density in mixture reduced the total yield. But, soybean presence in forage improved the protein content of forage. Moreover, 33% soybean rate in mixed crop produced high total CP yield as much as sole sorghum promising an expectation in enhancing animal performance due to slight decreases in NDF and ADF contents compared to pure sorghum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has the objective of evaluating the quality of silage (Napier, 60%; sorghum, 30%; and sugar-cane, 10%) conserved in trench-silos. The silos were built with side and back walls made of bricks, with no waterproof or revetment process. The floor was in direct contact with the soil, and the forage was distributed in 25cm-layers and compressed with the use of a tire tractor. The biggest losses, caused by ascetic and butyric fermentation, harmful to the cattle, took place close to the walls, due to a lack of compactness and a direct contact between the forage and the soil. The poor roof also allowed the penetration of water and other agents responsible for the formation of butyric acid. It was concluded that the waterproof process is the main factor in the desirable fermentation and conservation of the silage. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da silagem - Napier (60%), sorgo (30%) e cana (10%) - conservada em silos tipo trincheira. Os silos foram construídos com paredes de tijolos nas laterais e no fundo, sem impermeabilização ou revestimento. O piso ficou em contato direto com o solo. A forragem foi distribuída em camadas de 25 cm e comprimida com trator de pneu. As perdas maiores, decorrentes das fermentações acética e butírica, prejudiciais ao rebanho, ocorreram junto às paredes, por falta de compactação e pelo contato direto da forragem com o solo. A má cobertura também favoreceu a penetração de água e os agentes formadores de ácido butírico. Concluiu-se que a impermeabilização é o fator principal para uma fermentação e conservação desejável da silagem. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Silo; forragem; Sorgum; Penisetum.

The experiment aimed to evaluate the production of nutrients by different varieties of sorghum grown with high valuable indigofera legume in intercropping system and to determine the suitable variety of sorghum that produced the highest nutrient in the system. The experiment was done at Jonggol Animal Science Teaching and Research Unit (UP3J) Jonggol, from November 2014 to March 2015. This experiment was conducted using completely randomized design with 2 factors (3 x 4) and 4 replications. The first factor was sorghum varieties (PATIR 3.2 (S1), PATIR 3.7 (S2), and CTY-33 (S3)). The second factor was indigofera composition (0% indigofera (I0), 30% indigofera (I1), 40% indigofera (I2), and 50% indigofera (I3)). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and HSD test. There was no interaction among varieties of sorghum and indigofera composition. Indigofera population of up to 50% in multiple cropping system had the highest (P<0.01) dry matter content, crude protein content, ash content, total fresh weight production, total dry weight production, total crude protein production, total ash production, and carrying capacity. Sorghum variety CTY-33 planted in multiple cropping system had the highest (P<0.01) dry matter content, total dry weight production, and (P<0.05) total crude protein production. PATIR 37 sorghum variety planted in multiple cropping system had the highest (P<0.05) ash content and (P<0.01) total ash production. It is concluded that Indigofera population of up to 50% planted with different varieties of sorghum in multiple cropping system had the highest nutrient production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was designed to evaluate the silage quality of sorghum forage varieties of Citayam and BMR 3.6 strain at different harvesting times and the effectiveness of a legumes addition as a concentrate substitute in sorghum forage silage-based diets on in vitro fermentability using rumen fluid of beef cattle. Experimental design for silage quality was completely randomized design with 2 x 3 factorial, i.e., forage sorghum types (Citayam and BMR 3.6) and time of harvesting the forage sorghum (85, 95, and 105 d). Experimental design for in vitro fermentability and digestibility was randomized block design with 2 x 2 factorial arrangement, i.e. types of ration (with 2 levels i.e., a mixture of legumes and concentrate) and types of sorghum forage silages (with 2 levels i.e., Citayam and BMR 3.6). All silages had a good odor, color, and texture. Silage of sorghum harvested at 105 d had better grades and was selected for in vitro studies. The treatment had no effect on pH and organic matter digestibility. BMR 3.6 based silage had greater values of NH3, total VFA, rumen microbial population, methane, and dry matter digestibility. Substitution of concentrate with a mixture of legumes did not affect fermentability, microbe population and digestibility in the rumen. Silage of sorghum strain BMR 3.6 harvested at 105 d had a very good quality and mixing with legumes could replace concentrate in forage sorghum silage based diet on in vitro fermentability and digestibility using beef cattle rumen fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on sorghum rhizosphere microorganisms. The strains were HD1, that produces the bioinsecticidal protein, and 407, that is a mutant non-producer. The strains do not influence microbial population, but reduce plant growth and improve mycorrhizal colonization and free living fixing N2 community.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de duas cepas de Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki sobre microrganismos na rizosfera do sorgo. As cepas foram a HD1, produtora do cristal bioinseticida, e a 407, uma mutante não-produtora. As duas cepas não influenciam a comunidade microbiana, mas reduzem o crescimento da planta. A colonização micorrízica e a população de fixadores de N2 de vida livre aumentaram.

Bu araşt ı rma Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü deneme tarlas ı nda 1998 ve 1999 y ı llar ı nda yürütülmü ştür. Ara şt ı rman ı n amac ı Ankara sulu ko ş ullar ı nda denemeye al ı nan en uygun silajl ı k sorgum çeşidi ve gübre dozunun belirlenmesidir. Ara şt ı rmada Early Sumak, Leoti ve Rox silajl ı k sorgum çeşitleri ile 0, 5, 10, 15 kg N/da azotlu gübre kullan ı lm ışt ı r Araşt ı rmada gübre dozlar ı n ı n, bitki boyu, sap kal ı nl ığı , yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot oran ı ve verimi, ham protein oran ı ve veriminde etkisi her iki y ı lda da önemli bulunmu ştur. En fazla yeş il ot verimi ilk y ı lda 3395,1 kg/da, ikinci y ı lda da 3006,1 kg/da ile 15 kg N/da azot dozundan elde edilmi ştir. Çeşitler aras ı nda yeşil ot verimi bak ı m ı ndan farkl ı l ı k bulunmam ışt ı r.

Produksi bioplastik dari sorgum dan selulosa hasil ekstraksi rumput laut eucheuma spinosum dengan gliserol sebagai pemplastis secara termoplastik telah diteliti. Variabel yang diteliti adalah perbandingan massa pati sorgum dengan selulosa sebesar 10:0; 9,5:0,5; 8,5:1,5; 7,5:2,5; 6,5:3,5; 5,5:4,5 (w/w). Partikel pati sorgum dan selulosa berukuran lolos ayakan 63 ?m. Proses sintesis diawali dengan sonifikasi selama 60 menit pada suhu 80oC, dilanjutkan dengan gelatinisasi yang dijalankan di dalam reaktor batch berpengaduk pada kecepatan 916 rpm dan suhu 95oC selama 35 menit. Hasilnya dikeringkan di dalam oven bersuhu 60oC selama 8 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik bioplastik terbaik diperoleh ketika perbandingan massa pati-selulosa sebesar 6,5:3,5 (w/w). Bioplastik ini memiliki kuat tarik 11,53 kPa, perpanjangan 32,75%, Modulus Young 46,946 kPa, dan densitas 150 kg/m3. Film bioplastik ini dapat diaplikasikan untuk pengemas makanan dan industri obat-obatan.