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The article discusses a presentation by Panagiotis Kanarelis, O. Sorel and A. Kokkas at the 6th International Orthodontic Congress held in Paris, France about the development of a new lingual bracket. He claims that lingual bracket is still useful for the orthodontist and more comfortable for the patient. He cites the characteristics of the new lingual bracket, including a bite plane incorporated in the anterior brackets for deep bite correction and a well-designed pad for better bonding.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that regulate gene expression. They alter mRNA translation through base-pair complementarity, leading to regulation of genes during both physiological and pathological processes. Viruses have evolved mechanisms to take advantage of the host cells to multiply and/or persist over the lifetime of the host. Herpesviridae are a large family of double-stranded DNA viruses that are associated with a number of important diseases, including lymphoproliferative diseases. Herpesviruses establish lifelong latent infections through modulation of the interface between the virus and its host. A number of reports have identified miRNAs in a very large number of human and animal herpesviruses suggesting that these short non-coding transcripts could play essential roles in herpesvirus biology. This review will specifically focus on the recent advances on the functions of herpesvirus miRNAs in infection and pathogenesis.

The aim of this research is to propose a tool, a criminological form (FiCaCpip), that would help the “Conseiller Pénitentiaire d’insertion et de probation” (Prison Advisers/Probation Officers) in various aspects and stages of their work: i) a reminder of the life of the prisoner before the detention and the acting out; ii) an help using the techniques of interview; iii) an help with the selection of the Programs for Prevention of the second offense; iv) the question of modification/reduction of sentence. Finally, we will return to these aspects.Le but de notre recherche est de proposer un outil, une fiche criminologique (FiCaCpip), qui serait un soutien au Conseiller Pénitentiaire d’insertion et de probation, et ce dans différents aspects et étapes de sa démarche : i) un rappel de la vie du détenu avant la détention et le passage à l'acte ; ii) une aide aux techniques d’entretien ; iii) une aide à la sélection des Programmes de Prévention de la Récidive ; iv) la question de l’aménagement de peine. Nous reviendrons sur ces éléments au sein de notre dernière partie.

Introduction: This technical note presents the autotransplantation of an impacted third molar to replace a severely damaged homolateral molar using a surgical template of the tooth to be transplanted to prepare the recipient site based on an original protocol. Technique: Mandibular molar extraction is first performed, and autotransplantation is done after 7 days. Alveolar adjustment of the receiving socket is done using a resin replica of the tooth to be transplanted; the replica is obtained using DICOM diagnosis data. The three-dimensional (3D) replica is produced using 3D printing techniques with photopolymerizable methacrylate resin. Once the recipient site is ready, the transplant is avulsed. Immediate positioning of the tooth in the new socket will save a tremendous amount of extra-alveolar time. Cross-stitch sutures are done to obtain complete restraint, and endodontic treatment is administered after 15 days. Postoperative clinical and radiographic examination showed periodontal healing after postoperative 6 months. Comments: The use of the surgical template resulted in an extra-alveolar time of below 5 s and preservation of healthy periodontal ligament cells of the donor tooth as much as possible. Conclusion: The 3D technology, from imaging to printing, can drive the improvement of prognosis in a tooth autotransplantation protocol.

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orthodontie Française is the property of John Libbey Eurotext Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The subject of this article is the discovery of dento-dental disharmony (DDD) at the end of treatment. Lack of diagnosis is the source of this type of disappointment., Material and Method: The diagnosis of DDD is not easily accessible on clinical examination and the compensations it generates mask it, especially if it is associated with other dysmorphoses. The use of indices, the best-known of which is Bolton's, enables diagnosis with the setup, a pre-treatment model which also has many other prognostic interests., Results: Once DDD has been considered, it can be resolved by adapting dental volumes, either by subtraction or addition., Conclusion: Advances in computerized diagnosis with artificial intelligence are opening up new avenues for the systematic diagnosis of DDD.

The development of biosurveillance programs with strong analytical performance and economically accessible protocols is essential for monitoring viral pathogens. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been the prevailing technology for SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern (VOC) detection. While WGS offers benefits, it is a lengthy process, financially and technically straining for scalable viral tracking. The aim of this study was to compare the analytical performance and economic feasibility of WGS and PCR mutation panels for distinguishing six known VOCs: Alpha (B.1.1.7 and Q.4), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2 and AY.4.2), and Omicron. (B.1.1.529.1). In all, 78 SARS-CoV-2-positive samples were collected from April to December 2021 at Northeastern University (Cabot Testing Site, Boston, MA, USA) for genotyping PCR and WGS analysis. MagMax Viral/Pathogen II Nucleic Acid Isolation and TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kits were used for RNA extraction and SARS-CoV-2 confirmation. VOC discrimination was assessed using two TaqMan SARS-CoV-2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay layouts, and Ion Torrent WGS. In November 2021, the mutation panel demonstrated marked versatility by detecting the emerging Omicron variant reported by South Africa. SNP panel analysis yielded the following 78 VOC identifications: Alpha B.1.1.7 ( N = 20), Alpha Q.4 ( N = 3), Gamma P.1 ( N = 1), Delta B.1.617.2 ( N = 30), Delta AY.4.2 ( N = 3), and Omicron B.1.1.529.1 ( N = 20) with one undetermined ( N = 1) sample. Genotyping mutation panels designated lineages in 77 of 78 samples, 46/78 were confirmed by WGS, while 32 samples failed WGS lineage assignment. RT-PCR genotyping panels offer pronounced throughput and sensitivity and provide an economically advantageous technique for SARS-CoV-2 biosurveillance.IMPORTANCEThe results presented in our manuscript demonstrate how the value of simplistic and reliable molecular assays coupled with the core scientific principle of standardization can be overlooked by the charm of more sophisticated assays and instrumentation. This effect can often be amplified during tumultuous public health events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. By adapting standardized PCR mutation panels to detect prominently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, we were able to better assess the potential health impacts of rising positivity rates and transmission clusters within the Northeastern University population. While several literature publications utilizing genotyping PCR and NGS have a similar scope to ours, many investigations lack sufficiently standardized genotyping PCR and NGS bioinformatics inclusionary/exclusionary criteria for SARS-CoV-2 variant identification. Finally, the economic benefits of standardized PCR mutation panels would allow for global implementation of biosurveillance, rather than reserving biosurveillance to more economically developed nations., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Importance: Enteric bacterial infections caused by Salmonella, Shigella, pathogenic Escherichia coli , and Campylobacter represent one of the most common causes of infectious enteritis worldwide. The timely and accurate diagnosis of pathogens causing gastroenteritis is crucial for patient care, public health, and disease surveillance. While stool culture has long been the standard and highly specific method for detecting enteric pathogens, it is labor-intensive and time-consuming with limited sensitivity. To improve patient outcomes, there is a need to implement new cost-effective approaches for the detection of bacterial enteric pathogens with higher sensitivity and faster time to result. This study shows that multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction-based tests, such as the TAQPATH Enteric Bacterial Select Panel, are accurate and cost-effective diagnostic alternatives for the detection and differentiation of the most common enteric bacterial pathogens, offering quicker time to result and higher sensitivity compared to routine stool culture., Competing Interests: O.S., J.D.M.F., and C.U. are employees of Thermo Fisher Scientific.

The diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is one of the easiest to make in that it is a positive diagnosis, not a differential diagnosis. It is defined by a few criteria which together become almost pathognomonic: excessive restriction of energy intake combined with an irrational fear of weight and an altered body image. Even if weight is at the heart of the medical team's concerns, it is important to question the pathology in its history, in order to put it in to context, and sometimes to understand the para-logic and its function in the patient's life history. It is necessary to work on emotions and cognitions in addition to behaviour., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing data has been widely used for COVID-19 surveillance. Existing COVID-19 forecasting models mainly rely on case counts obtained from qPCR results, even though the binary PCR results provide a limited picture of the pandemic trajectory. Most forecasting models have failed to accurately predict the COVID-19 waves before they occur. Recently a model utilizing cross-sectional population cycle threshold (Ct-the number of cycles required for the fluorescent signal to cross the background threshold) values obtained from PCR tests (Ct-based model) was developed to overcome the limitations of using only binary PCR results. In this study, we aimed to improve on COVID-19 forecasting models using features derived from the Ct-based model, to detect epidemic waves earlier than case-based trajectories., Methods: PCR data was collected weekly at Northeastern University (NU) between August 2020 and January 2022. Campus and county epidemic trajectories were generated from case counts. A novel forecasting approach was developed by enhancing a recent deep learning model with Ct-based features and applied in Suffolk County and NU campus. For this, cross-sectional Ct values from PCR data were used to generate Ct-based epidemic trajectories, including effective reproductive rate (Rt) and incidence. The improvement in forecasting performance was compared using absolute errors and residual squared errors with respect to actual observed cases at the 7-day and 14-day forecasting horizons. The model was also tested prospectively over the period January 2022 to April 2022., Results: Rt curves estimated from the Ct-based model indicated epidemic waves 12 to 14 days earlier than Rt curves from NU campus and Suffolk County cases, with a correlation of 0.57. Enhancing the forecasting models with Ct-based information significantly decreased absolute error (decrease of 49.4 and 221.5 for the 7 and 14-day forecasting horizons) and residual squared error (40.6 and 217.1 for the 7 and 14-day forecasting horizons) compared to the original model without Ct features., Conclusion: Ct-based epidemic trajectories can herald an earlier signal for impending epidemic waves in the community and forecast transmission peaks. Moreover, COVID-19 forecasting models can be enhanced using these Ct features to improve their forecasting accuracy. In this study, we make the case that public health agencies should publish Ct values along with the binary positive/negative PCR results. Early and accurate forecasting of epidemic waves can inform public health policies and countermeasures which can mitigate spread., Competing Interests: MS, MM, DW, OS, MG, and IM are employed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. The funder had the following involvement with the study: research support (salaries of employees only). The remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Sharmin, Manivannan, Woo, Sorel, Auclair, Gandhi and Mujawar.)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOC) pose an increased risk to public health due to higher transmissibility and/or immune escape. In this study, we assessed the performance of a custom TaqMan SARS-CoV-2 mutation panel consisting of 10 selected real-time PCR (RT-PCR) genotyping assays compared to whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for identification of 5 VOC circulating in The Netherlands. SARS-CoV-2 positive samples (N = 664), collected during routine PCR screening (15 ≤ C T ≤ 32) between May-July 2021 and December 2021-January 2022, were selected and analyzed using the RT-PCR genotyping assays. VOC lineage was determined based on the detected mutation profile. In parallel, all samples underwent WGS with the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 research panel. Among 664 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples, the RT-PCR genotyping assays classified 31.2% as Alpha (N = 207); 48.9% as Delta (N = 325); 19.4% as Omicron (N = 129), 0.3% as Beta (N = 2), and 1 sample as a non-VOC. Matching results were obtained using WGS in 100% of the samples. RT-PCR genotyping assays enable accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 VOC. Furthermore, they are easily implementable, and the costs and turnaround time are significantly reduced compared to WGS. For this reason, a higher proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases in the VOC surveillance testing can be included, while reserving valuable WGS resources for identification of new variants. Therefore, RT-PCR genotyping assays would be a powerful method to include in SARS-CoV-2 surveillance testing. IMPORTANCE The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome changes constantly. It is estimated that there are thousands of variants of SARS-CoV-2 by now. Some of those variants, variants of concern (VOC), pose an increased risk to public health due to higher transmissibility and/or immune escape. Pathogen surveillance helps researchers, epidemiologists, and public health officials to monitor the evolution of infectious diseases agents, alert on the spread of pathogens, and develop counter measures like vaccines. The technique used for the pathogen surveillance is called sequence analysis which makes it possible to examine the building blocks of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, a new PCR method based on the detection of specific changes of those building blocks is presented. This method enables a fast, accurate and cheap determination of different SARS-CoV-2 VOC. Therefore, it would be a powerful method to include in SARS-CoV-2 surveillance testing., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

While COVID-19 has dominated Influenza-like illness (ILI) over the past few years, there are many other pathogens responsible for ILI. It is not uncommon to have coinfections with multiple pathogens in patients with ILI. The goal of this study was to identify the different organisms in symptomatic patients presenting with ILI using two different high throughput multiplex real time PCR platforms. Specimens were collected from 381 subjects presenting with ILI symptoms. All samples (nasal and nasopharyngeal swabs) were simultaneously tested on two expanded panel PCR platforms: Applied Biosystems™ TrueMark™ Respiratory Panel 2.0, OpenArray™ plate (OA) (32 viral and bacterial targets); and Applied Biosystems™ TrueMark™ Respiratory Panel 2.0, TaqMan™ Array card (TAC) (41 viral, fungal, and bacterial targets). Results were analyzed for concordance between the platforms and for identification of organisms responsible for the clinical presentation including possible coinfections. Very good agreement was observed between the two PCR platforms with 100% agreement for 12 viral and 3 bacterial pathogens. Of 381 specimens, approximately 58% of the samples showed the presence of at least one organism with an important incidence of co-infections (~36-40% of positive samples tested positive for two and more organisms). S. aureus was the most prevalent detected pathogen (~30%) followed by SARS-CoV-2 (~25%), Rhinovirus (~15%) and HHV6 (~10%). Co-infections between viruses and bacteria were the most common (~69%), followed by viral-viral (~23%) and bacterial-bacterial (~7%) co-infections. These results showed that coinfections are common in RTIs suggesting that syndromic panel based multiplex PCR tests could enable the identification of pathogens contributing to coinfections, help guide patient management thereby improving clinical outcomes and supporting antimicrobial stewardship.

Introduction: Retention is the set of means, processes or devices that contribute to maintain the teeth in the position and the arches in the shape given by the treatment as long as possible. Given the heterogeneity of practices, devices used and follow-up modalities, the French Society of Dentofacial Orthopedics, a scientific society, has proposed Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for orthodontic retention. This article presents the method used to develop the CPG full-text and the guidelines produced., Materials and Methods: A review of the literature was carried out after a bibliographic search of databases. The CPG full-text and guidelines were drafted, graded according to the level of evidence, then reread, discussed and validated by the experts of the workgroup. A second review by a group of external experts was then carried out before final validation of the CPG for publication., Results: Of 652 articles selected, 53 met the inclusion criteria and were used to prepare the CPG full-text to produce 41 grade C items and 23 expert agreements, constituting 40 guidelines., Discussion: There is still no consensus on the choice of materials. The literature remains poor on the functions. Some devices, more used in France, are poorly documented in the literature., Conclusion: The CPGs provide recommendations on the factors to consider before using a retainer, the effectiveness of the different devices, their failures and adverse effects, as well as the follow-up procedures.

RT-PCR tests based on RNA extraction from nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) are promoted as the "gold standard" for SARS-CoV-2 detection. However, the use of saliva samples offers noninvasive self-collection more suitable for high-throughput testing. This study evaluated performance of the TaqPath COVID-19 Fast PCR Combo kit 2.0 assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in raw saliva relative to a lab-developed direct RT-PCR test (SalivaDirect-based PCR, SDB-PCR) and an RT-PCR test based on RNA extraction from NPS. Saliva and NPS samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals (N = 615). Saliva samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using the TaqPath COVID-19 Fast PCR Combo kit 2.0 and the SDB-PCR, while NPS samples were tested by RT-PCR in RNA extracts according to the Irish national testing system. TaqPath COVID-19 Fast PCR Combo kit 2.0 detected SARS-CoV-2 in 52 saliva samples, of which 51 were also positive with the SDB-PCR. Compared to the NPS "gold standard" biospecimen method, 49 samples displayed concordant results, while three samples (35

Children and adolescents were particularly affected by the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 health crisis. They were faced with multiple stressors such as repeated confinements, the use of masks, the disruption of daily routines, the lack of social interactions following the closure of schools and the cessation of extra-curricular activities. These adversities dramatically weakened their coping strategies and their resources. In this interview with Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Olivier Sorel, Juliane Tortes Saint-Jammes et Sandie Meillerais discuss the changes that have been implemented in their clinical practice for children in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Then, they will also identify, by using clinical examples, the procedures specifically used to develop, reinforce or reactivate the resources of children and adolescents during the therapy. Finally, they address the very notion of clinical support, with an emphasis on EMDR therapy and a family-centered approach., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) is a dynamic post-transcriptional RNA modification influencing all aspects of mRNA biology. While m 6 A modifications during numerous viral infections have been described, the role of m 6 A in innate immune response remains unclear. Here, we examined cellular m 6 A epitranscriptomes during infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation to identify m 6 A-regulated innate immune response genes. We showed that a significant portion of cellular genes including many innate immune response genes underwent m 6 A modifications in 5'UTR and 3'UTR. We identified common and distinct m 6 A-modified genes under different stimulating conditions. Significantly, the expression of a subset of innate immune response genes was positively correlated with m 6 A level. Importantly, we identified genes that had significant enrichments of m 6 A peaks during P. aeruginosa infection following knockdown of m 6 A "eraser" ALKBH5, confirming the regulation of these genes by m 6 A and ALKBH5. Among them, we confirmed the association of m 6 A modification with gene expression in immune response genes TNFAIP3, IFIT1, IFIT2 and IFIH1. Taken together, our results revealed the vital role of m 6 A in regulating innate immunity against bacterial and viral infections. These works also provided rich resources for the scientific community., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

The objective of this study is to compare, based on literature review, the short and long-term efficiency of the correction of anterior openbite in hyperdivergent adults by orthodontics combined with maxillary molar intrusion using temporary anchorage devices (group A), versus maxillary surgical impaction (group B). The articles were retreived from five databases (last update in May 2020). Data selection and extraction are done independently by two reviewers, then validated and gathered after consensus to limit bias. Twelve low to medium evidence level studies meet the inclusion criteria, including two dedicated to jaw impaction surgery. All the studies analyzed short-term dentoskeletal changes, six assessed long-term stability up to 3.5 years for group B and to 4 years for group A. Both groups showed a decrease in anterior facial height and closure of the anterior openbite by mandibular autorotation. The results were stable over the long term for both groups. The orthodontic solution of molar intrusion associated with skeletal anchorage is an alternative to the surgical solution of mild skeletal openbite in adults. Randomized controlled clinical trials with control groups are essential to reach reliable conclusions.