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In this study, we used a high-throughput computational screening approach to examine the potential of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for capturing propane (C3H8) from different gas mixtures. We focused on Quantum MOF (QMOF) database composed of both synthesized and hypothetical MOFs and performed Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations to compute C3H8/N2/O2/Ar and C3H8/C2H6/CH4 mixture adsorption properties of MOFs. The separation of C3H8 from air mixture and the simultaneous separation of C3H8 and C2H6 from CH4 were studied for six different adsorption-based processes at various temperatures and pressures, including vacuum-swing adsorption (VSA), pressure-swing adsorption (PSA), vacuum–temperature swing adsorption (VTSA), and pressure-temperature swing adsorption (PTSA). The results of molecular simulations were used to evaluate the MOF adsorbents and the type of separation processes based on selectivity, working capacity, adsorbent performance score, and regenerability. Our results showed that VTSA is the most effective process since many MOFs offer high regenerability (>90%) combined with high C3H8 selectivity (>7 × 103) and high C2H6 + C3H8 selectivity (>100) for C3H8 capture from air and natural gas mixtures, respectively. Analysis of the top MOFs revealed that materials with narrow pores (<10 Å) and low porosities (<0.7), having aromatic ring linkers, alumina or zinc metal nodes, typically exhibit a superior C3H8 separation performance. The top MOFs were shown to outperform commercial zeolite, MFI for C3H8 capture from air, and several well-known MOFs for C3H8 capture from natural gas stream. These results will direct the experimental efforts to the most efficient C3H8 capture processes by providing key molecular insights into selecting the most useful adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanomaterials have excellent adsorption performance due to nano-effect and have been widely used in many fields. The adsorption performance of nanomaterials depends on their adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics. Here, the thermodynamic and kinetic equations of adsorption for spherical nanoparticles are first derived in theory. The mechanisms and regularities of influences of nano-effect on thermodynamics and kinetics, using nano-CdS adsorption of methylene blue as a probe, were investigated. The results show that there are significant influences of nano-effect (i.e., interface area effect and interface tension effect) on the thermodynamics and kinetics of nanoparticle adsorption. When the particle radius is larger and beyond the nanometer scale (∼100 nm), the nano-effect can be neglected. When the radius of the nanoparticle is within 10–50 nm, the nano-effect of adsorption is mainly the interface area effect. When the radius is less than 10 nm, the influences of both the interface area effect and the interface tension effect on adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics become more significant. The theoretic equations and experimental insights in the present work could provide a significant basis and reference for improving and perfecting the adsorption theory involving nanomaterials and provide guidelines for the explanations of adsorption mechanisms as well as the selection of adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a crystalline material CuPMTT was synthesized via coordination self-assembly strategy. The surfaces of CuPMTT are densely populated with thiol groups that effectively capture Hg2+ ions, achieving an adsorption rate nearing 90% and a separation coefficient of 4.51 against Cu2+, thus outperforming conventional adsorbents and presenting a significant advancement in environmental protection chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a crystalline material CuPMTT was synthesized via coordination self-assembly strategy. The surfaces of CuPMTT are densely populated with thiol groups that effectively capture Hg2+ ions, achieving an adsorption rate nearing 90% and a separation coefficient of 4.51 against Cu2+, thus outperforming conventional adsorbents and presenting a significant advancement in environmental protection chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel acyl chloride-mediated strategy is used to synthesize rhodanine-modified UiO-66 adsorbent. Benefitting from the high grafting density of rhodanine, the optimal UiO-66-NH 2 @20Rd exhibits ultra-high adsorption capacity and selectivity for Ag(I) recovery. This study highlights that such a general strategy can provide a valuable avenue toward various functional adsorption materials. [Display omitted] Silver (Ag) recovery is essential for ecological protection, human health and economic benefits. Effective capture of Ag(I) from wastewater is still challenging due to insufficient accessible sites of adsorbents. Herein, an acyl chloride-mediated strategy is developed to synthesize rhodanine (Rd) modified UiO-66 derivatives for Ag(I) adsorption. Benefitting from the high grafting density of Rd, the optimal Rd-modified UiO-66-NH 2 (UiO-66-NH 2 @20Rd) features an ultra-high uptake capacity (maximum capacity of 923.9 mg·g−1) and selectivity (maximum selectivity coefficient of 1665.52) for Ag(I). Almost 90 % of Ag(I) could be captured in one minute over UiO-66-NH 2 @20Rd and maintained a removal rate of 98.9 % even after six cycles. Moreover, a fixed-bed column test demonstrates that approximately 21,780 bed volumes of Ag(I) simulated wastewater can be effectively treated, indicating great promise for practical application. Mechanism investigation illustrates that outstanding performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag(I) adsorption and reduction on dense rhodanine sites. This study highlights that such a general strategy can provide a valuable avenue toward various functional adsorption materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purification of C2H4 from the ternary C2 hydrocarbon mixture in one step is of critical significance but still extremely challenging according to its intermediate physical properties between C2H6 and C2H2. Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) stabilized by supramolecular interactions are emerging as a new kind of adsorbents that facilitate green separation. However, it remains a problem to efficiently realize the one‐step C2H4 purification from C2H6/C2H4/C2H2 mixture because of the low C2H2/C2H4 selectivity. We herein report a robust microporous HOF (termed as HOF‐TDCPB) with dense O atoms and aromatic rings distributed on the pore surface which provide C2H6 and C2H2 preferred environment simultaneously. Dynamic breakthrough experiments indicate that HOF‐TDCPB can not only obtain high‐purity C2H4 from binary C2 mixture, but also firstly realize one‐step C2H4 purification from ternary C2H6/C2H4/C2H2 mixture, with the C2H4 productivity of 3.2 L/kg (>99.999 %) for one breakthrough cycle. Furthermore, HOF‐TDCPB displays outstanding stability in air, organic solvents and water, which endow it excellent cycle performance even under high‐humidity conditions. Theoretical calculations indicate that multiple O sites on pore channels can create synergistic binding sites for C2H2, thus affording overall stronger multipoint interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Queuosine (Q) is a hypermodified 7-deaza-guanosine nucleoside exclusively synthesized by bacteria. This micronutrient and its respective nucleobase form queuine (q) are salvaged by humans either from gut microflora or digested food. Depletion of Q-tRNA in human or mouse cells causes protein misfolding that triggers endoplasmic reticular stress and the activation of the unfolded protein responses. In vivo, this reduces the neuronal architecture of the mouse brain affecting learning and memory. Herein, a sensitive method for quantifying free q and Q in human blood was developed, optimised and validated. After evaluating q/Q extraction efficiency in several different solid-phase sorbents, Bond Elut PBA (phenylboronic acid) cartridges were found to have the highest extraction recovery for q (82%) and Q (71%) from pooled human plasma. PBS with 4% BSA was used as surrogate matrix for method development and validation. An LC–MS/MS method was validated across the concentration range of 0.0003–1 µM for both q and Q, showing excellent linearity (r2 = 0.997 (q) and r2 = 0.998 (Q)), limit of quantification (0.0003 µM), accuracy (100.39–125.71%) and precision (CV% < 15.68%). In a sampling of healthy volunteers (n = 44), there was no significant difference in q levels between male (n = 14; mean = 0.0068 µM) and female (n = 30; mean = 0.0080 µM) participants (p = 0.50). Q was not detected in human plasma. This validated method can now be used to further substantiate the role of q/Q in nutrition, physiology and pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar, a waste biomass-derived adsorbent, holds promise for decentralised wastewater treatment. However, limited research exists on its efficacy in adsorbing anionic surfactants in wastewater. To address this, the adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), a common anionic surfactant, was studied using various biochar types: rice husk biochar (RH-550 and RH-700), wheat straw biochar (WS-550 and WS-700) produced at 550°C and 700°C, wood-based biochar (OB), and activated carbon (AC) as a control. The study investigated the impact of pH (3–9), adsorbent loading (1–10 g/L), adsorbent size (<0.5–2.5 mm), contact time (5–180 min), and initial concentration (50–200 mg/L) on SDS removal. Under optimised conditions (100 mg/L SDS, 4 g/L adsorbent, 1–2 mm particle size, pH 8.3, and 180 min contact time), maximum SDS removals were RH-550 (78%), RH-700 (82.4%), WS-550 (89.5%), WS-700 (90.4%), AC (97%), and OB (88.4%). Among the tested adsorbent materials, WS-550 exhibited the highest SDS adsorption capacity at 66.23 mg/g compared to AC (80.65 mg/g), followed by RH-550 (49.75 mg/g), OB (45.87 mg/g), RH-700 (43.67 mg/g), and WS-700 (42.74 mg/g). SDS adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating chemisorption on the adsorbent surface. The Freundlich isotherm model exhibited a better fit for the experimental data on SDS adsorption using all tested adsorbents except for RH-550. This study showed that biochars produced from agricultural and forestry residues are effective adsorbents for SDS in aqueous solutions and can be a promising sustainable and low-cost material for the treatment of greywater containing anionic surfactants (e.g. handwashing, laundry, kitchen, and bathroom greywaters). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the adsorption behavior of anionic (Congo red, Eosin yellow) and cationic (Malachite green) dyes on synthesized TD polymer particles, highlighting the material's potential as an effective adsorbent for industrial wastewater treatment. Key operational parameters, including initial solution's pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature, were systematically evaluated to determine their influence on adsorption efficiency. The experimental data demonstrated that the Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit for all three dyes, indicating monolayer adsorption with maximum adsorption capacities of 153.8 mg/g for Malachite green, 49.36 mg/g for Congo red, and 227.9 mg/g for Eosin yellow. Kinetic analysis revealed that the adsorption of Malachite green and Congo red followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics, while Eosin yellow adsorption was better described by the intra‐particle diffusion model. Thermodynamic assessments, including Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), enthalpy (ΔH°), and entropy (ΔS°), confirmed the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption processes for Malachite green and Eosin yellow, contrasting with the exothermic behavior observed for Congo red. These findings underscore the versatility and effectiveness of TD polymer particles in removing both anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solutions. Further research could explore material optimization and real‐world applications to broaden their utility in sustainable water treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the activated carbon (AC) was prepared from Sesbania sesban plant stem. Boric acid (H3BO3) was used as an activating agent. During calcination, the optimized temperature was kept upto 500 °C for 2 h. The prepared adsorbents were characterized using various techniques such as FT‐IR, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyzer. The prepared adsorbents were used for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye adsorption. The adsorption experiments were conducted at different pHs such as (2–11), doses (0.0025–0.020 mg), times (30–300 min), MB initial concentrations (100–600 mg L−1), and temperatures (298–318 K), respectively. The maximum MB uptake capacity of the prepared adsorbent was 1380 mg g−1 under optimized adsorption conditions. Furthermore, the kinetic study is well described by pseudo‐second order, whereas the isothermal study showed the Freundlich isotherm was better followed by the equilibrium data. Based on thermodynamic studies, the negative values of ΔG° and ΔH° revealed that the MB adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic in nature. However, the negative ∆Sxg° value indicates that solid‐solute interaction decreased randomness in the adsorption systems. The overall studies of AC showed that it was better to remove MB from an aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increase in the global population, industrialization, and the transition to climate neutrality through low‐emission technologies, the pressure on critical materials (CMs) continues to grow. CMs are defined as materials with a significant risk of supply chain disruption and limited substitutability. In this context, rare‐earth elements, platinum group metals, lithium, and cobalt are particularly crucial for the shift to carbon‐free economy and sustainability. One of the important strategies to endorse the goal of carbon reduction is to promote the recycling of resources. As a solution, effective recovery strategies have been developed, such as solid‐phase separation technologies based on advanced functional sorbents. This perspective article aims to provide a general assessment of the role of porous materials in closing the loop of critical materials recycling. Here, comprehensive insights are provided into recent development, design, and application of porous adsorbents commonly applied in solid‐phase extraction systems. Their current research status and problems related to their future application are also highlighted. This review covers recent advances in porous and hierarchical silica‐based materials, aerogels, covalent organic frameworks, metal–organic frameworks, and carbon‐based adsorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil contaminated with petroleum-derived products should be used to cultivate energy crops. One such crop is Zea mays. Therefore, a study was performed to determine the suitability of Zea mays biomass obtained from gasoline-contaminated soil for energy purposes. The analysis included determining the heat of combustion and calorific value of the biomass, as well as the content of nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and ash in the biomass. Additionally, the suitability of vermiculite, dolomite, perlite, and agrobasalt for the phytostabilization of gasoline-contaminated soil was evaluated. It was found that the application of sorbents to gasoline-contaminated soil significantly reduced the severe negative effects of this petroleum product on the growth and development of Zea mays. Gasoline contamination of the soil caused a significant increase in ash, nitrogen, and sulfur, along with a decrease in carbon and oxygen content. However, it had no negative effect on the heat of combustion or calorific value of the biomass, although it did reduce the energy production from Zea mays biomass due to a reduction in yield. An important achievement of the study is the demonstration that all the applied sorbents have a positive effect on soil stabilization, which in turn enhances the amount of Zea mays biomass harvested and the energy produced from it. The best results were observed after the application of agrobasalt, dolomite, and vermiculite on gasoline-contaminated soil. Therefore, these sorbents can be recommended for the phytostabilization of gasoline-contaminated soil intended for the cultivation of energy crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kaolinite was subjected to advanced exfoliation processes to form separated nano-silicate sheets (EXK) with enhanced physicochemical properties as adsorbents. This involved the incorporation of different exfoliating agents, urea (U/EXK), KNO3 (N/EXK), and CTAB (C/EXK), highlighting their impacts on their textural and surficial properties as adsorbents for safranin dye. The applied characterization techniques confirmed the higher exfoliating degree of C/EXK, followed by N/EXK and U/EXK. This appeared significantly in the determined surface area (55.7 m2/g (C/EXK), 36.7 m2/g (U/EXK), and 47.1 m2/g (N/EXK)) and adsorption performances. The C/EXK structure displayed a better safranin uptake capacity (273.2 mg/g) than N/EXK (231 mg/g) and U/EXK (178.4 mg/g). Beside the remarkable differences in textural properties, the advanced mathematical modeling and the corresponding steric and energetic parameters illustrate the mentioned uptake properties. The interface of C/EXK is highly saturated by active uptake sites (Nm = 158.8 mg/g) as compared to N/EXK (109.3 mg/g) and U/EXK (93.4 mg/g), which is in agreement with the characterization findings and the expected higher exposure of siloxane groups. Each of these sites can be filled with four dye molecules using C/EXK and N/EXK, which implies the vertical orientation of these adsorbed ions and the effective operation of multi-molecular mechanisms. The energetic (ΔE < 40 kJ/mol) and thermodynamic investigations indicate the spontaneous, physical, and exothermic uptake of safranin molecules by EXK particulates. These mechanisms might involve dipole bonding (2–29 kJ/mol), electrostatic attraction (2–50 kJ/mol), van der Waals forces (4–10 kJ/mol), and hydrogen bonding (<30 kJ/mol). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of delignification on the adsorption capacity of loofah sponge-based immobilized metal affinity chromatography adsorbents was investigated with recombinant His-tagged trehalose synthase as the model protein. Pretreatments with [EMIM][Ac] ionic liquid at 80 °C for 5 h and with sodium chlorite/acetic acid at 80 °C for 2 h were found effective for the removal of lignin, leading to a loss in biomass of 15.7% and 25.2%, respectively. Upon delignification, the metal chelating capacities of the loofah sponge-based adsorbents prepared with 5-h ionic liquid pretreatment (712 ± 82 μmole Cu(II)/g) and with 2-h sodium chlorite/acetic acid pretreatment (1012 ± 18 μmole Cu(II)/g) were 38% and 97% higher than that of the control (514 ± 55 μmole Cu(II)/g), adsorbent prepared with untreated loofah sponge, respectively. Results of protein adsorption study indicated that the Co(II)-loaded adsorbent prepared with 2-h sodium chlorite/acetic acid pretreatment exhibited the highest adsorption capacity and selectivity for the recombinant His-tagged trehalose synthase, giving a purification product with a specific activity of 7.62 U/mg protein. The predicted maximum adsorption capacity of the delignified loofah sponge-based adsorbent, 2.04 ± 0.14 mg/g, was 73% higher than that of the control. [Display omitted] • Sodium chlorite/acetic acid was more effective than ionic liquid for delignification. • Co(II) ion exhibited the highest selectivity for the His-tagged trehalose synthase. • Adsorption of His-tagged trehalose synthase followed Langmuir isotherm model. • Delignification increased the adsorption capacity by more than 70%. • The loofah sponge-based adsorbents exhibited excellent reusability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An eco-friendly adsorbent was prepared by reverse suspension crosslinking method to remove multiple pollutants from aqueous solution. Both raw materials, derived from humus (HS) and chitosan (CS), are biodegradable and low-cost natural biopolymers. After combining HS with CS, the adsorption capacity was significantly improved due to compensation effects between the two components. HS/CS exhibited the features of amphoteric adsorption through pH adjustment, enabling it to adsorb not only anionic pollutants (Methyl Orange (MO) and Cr(VI)), but also cationic ones (Methylene Blue (MB) and Pb(II)). The adsorption capacities were approximately 242 mg/g, 69 mg/g, 188 mg/g and 57 mg/g for MO, Cr(VI), MB and Pb(II), respectively. HS/CS showed a slight preference for MO in MO/Cr(VI) co-adsorption system, whereas strong selectivity for MB over Pb(II) in MB/Pb(II) system under acidic condition (pH<3.0). This selective behavior would allow for potential applications in separating MB/Pb(II) effluents and selectively recycling Pb(II) in acidic environment. The isothermal and kinetic adsorption behaviors followed Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order model, respectively. The density functional theory (DFT) confirmed that the interaction between metal ions and adsorbents was primarily attributed to chelation and electrostatic adsorption, owing to nitric and oxygenic functional groups. Whereas, the adsorption mechanisms for dyes were involved in electrostatic attraction, H-bond and π–π bond, due to available hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen atoms and aromatic groups on the surface of adsorbent and adsorbates. The adsorbent could be efficiently regenerated and retained over 90% of its adsorption capacity after five cycles, which has a potential for practical applications in water treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fe-doped cerium-based adsorbents exhibited better Cr(VI) adsorption advantages than pure cerium material. • Fe doping promoted the formation of Ce(III) in cerium-based adsorbents. • Fe doping contributed to the formation of oxygen vacancy in cerium-based adsorbents. • Fe doping facilitated the valence transition of Ce(IV)/Ce(III) in Cr(VI) adsorption. • DFT calculation result revealed that Fe doping accelerated the electron transfer in Cr(VI) reduction. Cerium-based adsorbents possessed unique advantages of valence variability and abundant oxygen vacancies in hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) adsorption, but high cost and unstable properties restricted their application in Cr(VI) contained wastewater treatment. Herein, a series of bimetallic adsorbents with different cerium/iron ratios (CeFe@C) were prepared by adding inexpensive Fe into Ce-based adsorbents (Ce@C), and the effect of Fe doping on adsorption properties of Ce@C for Cr(VI) was investigated thoroughly. Compared with pristine Ce@C, CeFe@C exhibited excellent removal performance for Cr(VI), and the improved maximum adsorption capacity reached 75.11 mg/g at 25℃. Benefiting from Fe doping, CeFe@C had good regeneration property, with only 25 % decrease after five adsorption–desorption cycles. Contents of trivalent cerium (Ce(III)) and oxygen vacancies (O v) in bimetallic adsorbents were positively correlated with divalent iron (Fe(II)) doping, indicating that the formation of Ce(III) and surface defects on Ce@C could be effectively regulated by Fe doping. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation results further proved that the doped Fe enhanced the electron transfer effectively and lowered the energy barriers of Cr(VI) adsorption onto Ce@C surface, strengthening the reduction and complexation to Cr(VI). This study provides new insights for improving the Cr(VI) removal performance by modified Ce-based adsorbents, and further promotes the utilization potentiality of low-cost and low-toxicity Ce-based adsorbents in Cr(VI)-containing wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid adsorbents banana peels potassium–barium (BK–Ba), orange peels bismuth–cobalt (ORBi–Co), potato peels sodium–strontium (PPNa–Sr), the mixture of potato, orange, and banana peels (MBi–Fe) were prepared and applied for reactive red methyl 4 BL dye removal. The optimum pH for BK–Ba, ORBi–Co, MBi–Fe, and PPNa–Sr was 2 (27 mg/g), 2 (40 mg/g), 7 (35 mg/g), 12 (45 mg/g), respectively. The maximum adsorption ability of BK–Ba, ORBi–Co, MBi–Fe, PPNa–Sr (28.73, 33.33, 41.40,47 mg/g), respectively, was obtained by using dose 0.05 g/50 mL with dye optimum initial concentration was found to be 50 ppm for BK–Ba, ORBi–Co and PPNa–Sr hybrid adsorbents (35, 36, 48 mg/g) and 75 ppm for MBi–Fe, (42 mg/g) hybrid adsorbent. The maximum adsorption ability of BK–Ba, ORBi–Co, MBi–Fe, PPNa–Sr found to be (27, 33, 34, 48, mg/g), respectively, for 45 to 60 min reaction time 35 °C as optimum temperature for maximal adsorption of the adsorbent BK–Ba, ORBi–Co, MBi–Fe, and PPNa–Sr (35 to 2, 36 to 6, 43 to 10, 49 to 16 mg/g), respectively. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model well explained the adsorption processes of BK–Ba, ORBi–Co, MBi–Fe, and PPNa–Sr while the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well fitted for BK–Ba, ORBi–Co, MBi–Fe, and PPNa–Sr the adsorption of dye exhibited Langmuir isotherm for the adsorbents with 25.19, 30.77, 40.34, 49.98 for BK–Ba, ORBi–Co, MBi–Fe, and PPNa–Sr adsorption capacities, respectively. The thermodynamic study exposed the exothermic environment. Effects exposed that hybrid adsorbents are effectual adsorbents and can be used for the dyes adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective uranium adsorption in high acidic conditions is essential and extremely challenging. Based on the potential uranium adsorption capacity of phosphazene‐based frameworks, a design of constructing fully heterocyclic covalent phosphazene‐based polymers (CPPs) is proposed by introducing potential coordination structural units rich in Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), and other heteroatoms. The as‐prepared CPP‐N and CPP‐O (CPP‐N/O) with unique ─N═P─NH─C═N‐ and ─N═P─O─C═N─ full heterocyclic structures. Uranium adsorption experiments reveal that under the synergistic coordination of N, O, and other heteroatoms, the saturated sorption capacity of uranium under 1 mol L−1 (M) HNO3 can reach 270 and 275 mg g−1 for CPP‐N and CPP‐O, respectively. The adsorption capacities of CPP‐N and CPP‐O are greater than 130 and 100 mg g−1at 1‐6 M acidity, respectively. Moreover, the selectivity of CPP‐O for uranium under competing ions can reach up to more than 80%. Both CPP‐N/O show stable and excellent uranium adsorption capacity under high acidity, which lays a path for the design and preparation of novel uranium adsorbents applicable to highly acidic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to utilise cheap and abundantly available date palm fibre (DPF) wastes for the remediation of methylene blue (MLB) dye–contaminated groundwater. The DPF adsorbents were first prepared, followed by various characterisation analyses, including surface morphology, functional groups, and material structure. Subsequently, the DPF adsorbents were applied in the batch and continuous adsorption studies to assess the MLB dye removal from aqueous environments. The batch adsorption study achieved 98% maximum removal efficiency with a contact time, adsorbents dosage, initial pH, temperature, particle size, initial dye concentration, and agitation speed of 105 min, 3 g/L, 7.0, 45 °C, 0.075 mm, 50 mg/L, and 150 rpm, respectively. Langmuir was the best-fitted isotherm model depending on a higher correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.985), with a maximum monolayer dye adsorption capacity (qmax) of 54.204 mg/g. Additionally, the second order was the best-fitted kinetic model (R2 = 0.990), indicating that MLB dye was removed through chemisorption. Besides, the positive enthalpy change (ΔH°) and negative Gibb's free energy (ΔG°) values verified the endothermic process and spontaneous adsorption. According to the impact analysis of initial dye concentrations and flow rates on the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) performance in the continuous adsorption study using the Thomas, Belter, and Yan models, the experimental results and predicted breakthrough curves reflected an excellent agreement (R2 ≥ 0.8767) and a sum of squared errors (SSE) ≤ 0.4834. In short, the results demonstrated DPF as an effective adsorbent material in PRB technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide, there is growing concern over the toxicity of arsenic in drinking water. The US Environmental Protection Agency and Central Pollution Control Board (India) have set a safe limit of 50 parts per billion for arsenic in drinking water. Millions of people are at immediate risk due to high concentrations of arsenic in drinking water, particularly in developing nations where arsenic poisoning symptoms have been observed. One of the essential techniques described in this article is the absorption of arsenic from contaminated water by sustainable cellulosic materials like jute and wood sawdust after suitable modification. Jute and sawdust are cheap and abundantly available in South Asia. They are functionalized with polypyrrole coating by in situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole in aqueous medium in the presence of ferric chloride. Polypyrrole-coated jute fabric (with 11.28% polypyrrole add-on) and polypyrrole-coated sawdust (with 5.28% polypyrrole add-on) are found to be excellent adsorbers of arsenic ion (As3+) from water. The effect of dosage of polypyrrole-coated adsorbents, treatment time and pyrrole concentration on the As removal efficiency have been investigated in this work. The arsenic concentration in water is determined using a microwave plasma atomic emission spectrometer with the highest level of accuracy. Maximum As removal efficiency by the polypyrrole-coated sawdust and polypyrrole-coated jute fabric is found to be 80.90% and 97.3%, respectively, from a 50 mL, 7.5 parts per million As solution with a dosage of 1 g at neutral pH. The polypyrrole-coated jute and sawdust are characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to understand the chemical interaction between cellulose and polypyrrole molecules. The scanning electron microscope studies reveal a uniform coating of polypyrrole around the surface of jute fibre and sawdust particles. Thermo-gravimetric analysis shows good thermal stability of jute and sawdust after polypyrrole coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Developing robust technologies to remove emerging pollutants from water is urgent since conventional treatments are not technically prepared to remove them. This paper investigated the ibuprofen (IBU) adsorption capacity onto natural zeolite (NZ) and hydrothermally modified zeolite in an acidic medium followed by impregnation with the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) (MZHT‐CTAB). The materials characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm (BET), Zeta Potential (ZP), and Point of Zero Charge (pHPZC). The adsorptive capacity studies were carried out by varying the pH solution, a kinetic study at three concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg L−1), and the contaminant concentration influence (5–100 mg L−1). RESULTS: The results showed that the MZHT‐CTAB obtained both the highest removal efficiency (~ 37%) and the highest adsorption capacity (~ 14 mg g−1) at pH 5.0. The Pseudo Second‐Order (PSO) model, which showed the best fit to the experimental data, is significant as it indicates the reliability of our results. The maximum adsorption capacity for the concentration of 100 mg L−1 was 11.93 mg g−1. According to Giles's classification, the isotherm was classified as S‐3 type, indicating the competition between the adsorbate and water molecules for the active sites on the adsorbent surface. CONCLUSION: The adsorption studies demonstrate that the novel adsorbent (MZHT‐CTAB) is highly effective in removing IBU, presenting a significant removal capacity and feasibility. This promising result contributes to the ongoing search for alternative materials for water treatment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is challenging but of practical meaning to provide adsorbents with multiple responsive properties. Here, we report an intelligent microporous polymeric adsorbent constructed by block copolymer‐grafted microporous polymer nanospheres. With its multi‐stimuli‐responsive functions, the adsorbent shows rapid fluorescent response to temperature, pH, and organic reagents. Moreover, it also demonstrates super‐fast adsorption of pollutants in water, enabling efficient treatment of wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing the environmental impact of SF6, we synthesized a fluorine-functionalized triphenylamine-based nanoporous organic polymer, ANOP-8, at room temperature using N,N,N′,N′-tetraphenylbenzidine and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzaldehyde. ANOP-8, which incorporates 14.86% fluorine, has a BET surface area of 694 m2 g−1 and a robust C–C structure. It achieves SF6/N2 selectivities of 65 and 51 at 298 K and 1 bar through ideal adsorbed and breakthrough experiments, respectively. Molecular simulations have revealed the adsorption mechanisms, underscoring the potential of fluorinated polymers in developing future adsorbents for toxic gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are superior sorbents for water adsorption‐based applications. The unique step‐like water isotherm at a MOF‐specific relative pressure allows easy loading and regeneration over a small range of temperature and pressure conditions. With good hydrothermal stability and cyclic durability, it stands out over classical sorbents used in applications for humidity control, water harvesting, and adsorption‐based heating and cooling. These are easily regenerated at moderate temperatures using "waste" heat or solar heating. The isotherm thermodynamics and adsorption mechanisms are described, and the presence of MOFs in the water–air system is explained. Based on six selection criteria ≈40 reported MOFs and one COF are identified for potential application. Trends and approaches in further synthesis optimization and production scale‐up are highlighted. No‐MOF‐fits‐all, each MOF has its own specific step location matching only with a certain application type. Most applications are technically feasible and demonstrated on the bench‐scale or small pilot. Their maturity is benchmarked by their technology readiness level. Retrofitting existing applications with MOFs replacing classical desiccants may lead to rapid demonstration. Studies on techno‐economic analysis and life cycle analysis are required for a rational evaluation of the feasibility of promising applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, natural asphalt was oxidized to synthesize a new nano-structure adsorbent for dye removal. The functionalization of natural asphalt by oxidation introduced new properties that influenced its activity. The process of oxidizing natural asphalt with potassium permanganate resulted in a low-cost adsorbent, which can potentially be a more affordable option compared with synthetic alternatives. Characterization analysis confirmed the enhanced surface area, improving dye interaction and adsorption. The interconnected channels and capillaries of the oxidized natural asphalt facilitated the capillary action drawing in liquids, including dyes. The distinctive porosity of natural asphalt oxide (NA-oxide) was noted, and the experimental results showed that the NA–oxide nanoadsorbent efficiently adsorbed cationic and anionic dyes in water, with maximum capacities of 14.68 mg.g−1, 17.81 mg.g−1 and 16.47 mg.g−1 for methyl orange, methylene blue and Rhodamine B, respectively. The study investigated various parameters, such as concentration, adsorption dose, pH, contact time, and temperature, affecting the dye removal process. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms along with pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetic equations were applied to assess the adsorption process, indicating that dyes adhered to the pseudo-first-order model and Langmuir isotherm. Analysis of MO, MB, and RhB dyes revealed conformity to Langmuir isotherm and first-order kinetics. Thermodynamic evaluations like ΔH°, ΔS°, and ∆G° displayed the exothermic and spontaneous nature of dye adsorption on the NA-oxide adsorbent. Furthermore, the absorbent displayed remarkable stability with a recovery rate of 98.45% after ten cycles, signifying its potential for enduring effectiveness in dye removal processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the adsorption of pollutants with different chemical structures; organic Naphtol Green B (NGB) dye and copper on a nanocomposite material with a hexagonal structure of the SBA-15 type. This research is divided into two main parts: the first carries out the synthesis of SBA-15 (Santa Barbra Amourphous) and its derivatives phases functionalized by 3-aminopropyl-triethoxylane (APTES) and calcined at 823 K. The second part presents the influence of the adsorption conditions on the adsorption efficiency of NGB dye and copper. High-resolution X-ray diffractogram (XRD) showed three distinct peaks characteristic of highly ordered mesoporous material. Nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm of SBA-15 at 77 K° is type IV typical of mesoporous materials. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was also used in the characterization before and after the adsorption of the selected pollutants. At optimal conditions of pH 5.2, initial concentration of 50 mg/L, adsorbent dosage of 20 mg, and at adsorption time of 90 min the maximum removal of pollutants reached 76% and the adsorption capacity was 227.25 mg/g for NGB dye and 221.006 mg/g for copper. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism and the Sips isotherm model best described the adsorption data. Our research demonstrates that the SBA-15 material after modification is an effective adsorbent for removing effluents regardless of their different chemical structure (organic and inorganic). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of samples for instrumental analysis is the most essential and time-consuming stage of the entire analytical process; it also has the greatest impact on the analysis results. Concentrating the sample, changing its matrix, and removing interferents are often necessary. Techniques for preparing samples for analysis are constantly being developed and modified to meet new challenges, facilitate work, and enable the determination of analytes in the most comprehensive concentration range possible. This paper focuses on using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as sorbents in the most popular techniques for preparing liquid samples for analysis, based on liquid-solid extraction. An increase in interest in MOFs-type materials has been observed for about 20 years, mainly due to their sorption properties, resulting, among others, from the high specific surface area, tunable pore size, and the theoretically wide possibility of their modification. This paper presents certain advantages and disadvantages of the most popular sample preparation techniques based on liquid-solid extraction, the newest trends in the application of MOFs as sorbents in those techniques, and, most importantly, presents the reader with a summary, which a specific technique and MOF for the desired application. To make a tailor-made and well-informed choice as to the extraction technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for sustainable, biodegradable materials to address environmental challenges, such as oil-water separation, is growing. Cellulose-based absorbents offer an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic materials. However, their hydrophobicity must be enhanced for efficient application. In this study, cellulose-based sorbents derived from Kraft and half-bleached chemo-thermomechanical pulp (BCTMP) were hydrophobized using silanization and alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) techniques. Hydrophobic properties were successfully imparted using methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMOS), n-octyltriethoxysilane (NTES), and N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AATMS), with water contact angles ranging from 120° to 140°. The water sorption capacity was significantly reduced to below 1 g/g, whereas the oil sorption capacity remained high (19–28 g/g). The most substantial reduction in water vapor absorption (3–6%) was observed for the MTMOS- and AATMS-silanized samples. These results demonstrate the potential of hydrophobized cellulose-based sorbents as sustainable alternatives for oil-water separation, contributing to environmentally friendly water treatment solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As both a critical chemical feedstock and an environmental pollutant, the production and utilization of ammonia (NH3) are accompanied by the progress of social civilization. In recent years, research on metal/covalent organic framework materials as NH3 adsorbents has attracted increasing attention due to their high porosity, versatile architecture and tunable functionality. This review was organized to highlight the recent advancement of MOF/COF materials for NH3 sorption, which successively presented the key properties of solid adsorbents and summarized the strategies along with their mechanisms for enhancing NH3 adsorption. In addition, perspectives and outlook regarding the future development of MOF/COF‐based NH3 adsorbents were outlined to meet the requirements of practical applications under various condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regeneration can effectively restore the adsorption capacity of adsorbents, enabling sustainable adsorption–desorption–adsorption cycles to be maintained. The regeneration of waste adsorbents has been extensively documented. However, there is few research on the adsorption properties and the mechanism after regeneration. The regeneration of aluminum-based phosphorus-inactivation agent (Al-PIA) and recovery of phosphate from Al-PIA were achieved in the previous study. Therefore, this study determined the mechanism and effects of Al-PIA recycling on phosphate removal, following regeneration for 30 min using 0.75 mol/L hydrochloric acid. Results show that the rate of adsorption by regenerated aluminum-based phosphorus-inactivation agent (Re-Al-PIA) was faster within the first 15 h, reaching equilibrium at around 50 h, with the rate-determining step being intraparticle diffusion. The adsorption saturation concentration of Re-Al-PIA was 6.92 mg/g, with phosphate adsorption occurring via a spontaneous, heat-absorbing, and chaotic process. Regeneration restored the phosphate removal capacity of Al-PIA. Al-PIA maintained its initial phosphate adsorption capacity after three cycles. The phosphate removal mechanisms of Re-Al-PIA were physical adsorption, electrostatic adsorption, surface precipitation, and ligand exchange. Regeneration provided favorable physical conditions for phosphate adsorption, enhancing the electrostatic adsorption capacity of the material while also restoring surface precipitation and ligand exchange for phosphate removal. These results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application of Al-PIA regeneration and a reference method for regeneration of the other phosphate removal materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) as sorbents to extract flavonoids from grapefruit peel. The impact of solution pH and desorption conditions on extraction efficiency was investigated. In addition, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, UVvisible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the carbon nanotubes. After five cycles, the desorption percentage of flavonoids was 82.7 %. HPLC analysis indicated that naringin was the dominant flavonoid in the grapefruit extracts, followed by rutin and quercetin. Insights into the adsorption mechanism of naringin to the MWCNT-COOH were obtained using the Freundlich isotherm equation to model the results. The carbon nanotubes developed in this study offer a cost-effective and straightforward method of extracting valueadded functional ingredients from food waste, thereby improving the sustainability and economic viability of the food supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel approach to the utilization of (Ca, Mg)-Zr phosphate adsorbents saturated by Cs+, Sr2+, Co2+ ions was developed. The main stages include: (i) Cs+, Sr2+, Co2+ ions adsorption, (ii) the drying and shaping by cold pressing, (iii) the sintering. Metal ions leaching from the powder of the spent adsorbent were 0.2–26.5 % in distillation water (рН 4.0–10.0) and tap water, and increased to 6.4–68.2 % in seawater. Calcination of spent adsorbents at 1000 °C led to a decrease in Cs+, Sr2+, Co2+ ions leaching to less than 1.0 % in tap and seawater. The ceramic matrices with a Cs+, Sr2+, Co2+ content of 8.0–30.2 wt %, mechanical compressive strength of 2.9–260.9 MPa, leaching rate of 1.0×10−4 - 4.3×10−7 g/(cm2×day), density of 1.4–3.4 g/cm3 were obtained by cold pressing with subsequent sintering. The samples obtained at molar ratios Zr/(Ca+Mg) of 0.35 and 0.21 were characterized by the highest compressive strength and Cs+ and Sr2+, Co2+ leaching resistance, respectively. The obtained ceramic matrices fitted to the requirements of GOST R 50926–96 and NRC 1991 for solid high-level waste forms. • A novel approach to the utilization of spent (Ca, Mg)-Zr phosphates was proposed. • Thermal transformations of Cs-, Sr-, Co-saturated adsorbents were studied. • The mechanism of Cs+, Sr2+, Co2+ ions leaching from ceramics was proposed. • The NZP ceramic matrices for safe radionuclide immobilization were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic waste is an underutilized resource that has the potential to be transformed into value-added materials. However, its chemical diversity leads to cost-intensive sorting techniques, limiting recycling and upcycling opportunities. Herein, we report an open-loop recycling method to produce graded feedstock from mixed polyolefins waste, which makes up 60% of total plastic waste. The method uses heat flow scanning to quantify the composition of plastic waste and resolves its compatibility through controlled dissolution. The resulting feedstock is then used to synthesize blended pellets, porous sorbents, and superhydrophobic coatings via thermally induced phase separation and spin-casting. The hybrid approach broadens the opportunities for reusing plastic waste, which is a step towards creating a more circular economy and better waste management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study describes the facile synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) and GO/carboxymethyl tamarind kernel gum (CMTKG)‐based hydrogel composite. The synthesized GO/CMTKG/PAM hydrogel composite was applied as an adsorbent for the selective sequestration of toxic crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous medium. The impact of various controlling parameters such as contact time, pH, concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature was studied. The experimental data obtained from the isotherm and kinetics modeling showed a good correlation with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model, respectively. The optimized concentration of dye was 40 mg L−1 for CV and 20 mg L−1 for MB, and the adsorption capacity (qmax) was calculated to be 111 mg g−1 for CV dye and 25 mg g−1 for MB dye. The synthesized adsorbent exhibits excellent recyclability for dye uptake after six consecutive cycles. Furthermore, the simultaneous adsorption of CV and MB from the binary system was carried out to ascertain the utility of the adsorbent in a wide range of adsorption systems. The adsorbent was also found to act as a proficient adsorbent in various water samples. These results demonstrated that synthesized hydrogel can be successfully applied as an adsorbent for the sequestration of dye effluents in real‐time applications. Highlights: Hydrogel composite was successfully synthesized via a free radical mechanism.It is an efficient adsorbent for removing cationic dyes from aqueous solutions.It shows selectivity towards cationic dyes and works in a binary mixture of cationic dyes.It shows good removal efficacy in different water samples, including real wastewater samples.It also shows proficient removal efficacy after six consecutive regeneration cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a micro‐solid‐phase extraction (μSPE) method was developed using a pipette tip for rutin extraction, employing activated hollow carbon nanospheres (HCNSs) as the sorbent. Characterization of the activated carbon nanospheres through TGA, FTIR, and SEM analysis confirmed the success of the activation process. The study demonstrated the efficacy of PT‐μSPE in rutin extraction under pH 2 conditions with a standard concentration of 2 mg·L−1. The optimal mass of HCNSs was found to be 2 mg, and a loading volume of 500 μL resulted in the maximum recovery of rutin. Propan‐2‐ol was the best elution solvent with 15 aspirating/dispensing cycles. The correlation of determination (R2) for the calibration curve was found to be 0.9991, and the LOD and LOQ values were 0.604 and 1.830 mg·L−1, respectively. The applicability of the method was demonstrated by extracting rutin from a complex Moringa oleifera leaf extract with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.26%, thereby validating this method as feasible for the extraction of useful bioactive compounds from complex plant samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of Sunset Yellow (E110) on natural zeolite and zeolite modified with the cationic surfactant cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) was studied using the adsorption method. The structural characteristics of the surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ-CPC) were investigated using X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The effect of different parameters on the adsorption process, such as equilibration time and amount of adsorbent at 298 K, were determined using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The maximum dye removal percentage on SMZ-CPC was obtained with 0.08 g of adsorbent in 30 min. The results show that the zeolite modified with CPC surfactant (SMZ) has a higher adsorption capacity for Sunset Yellow than the unmodified zeolite (natural form). The experimental adsorption data were nonlinearly analyzed using isotherm equations such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Langmuir-Freundlich (or Sips), and Extended Langmuir (EL). The experimental data were better fitted with the Sips isotherm. The adsorption kinetic data were analyzed using eight models in nonlinear forms: the pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), integrated kinetic Langmuir (IKL), Elovich, intraparticle diffusion (IPD), mixed order rate equation (MOE), fractal-like pseudo-first-order (FL-PFO) and fractal-like pseudo-second-order (FL-PSO). According to the results of the coefficient of determination (R2), Elovich kinetic model well expressed E110 adsorption onto SMZ-CPC. Most of the dye removal takes place in less than 5 min and the maximum adsorption capacity is 5.06 mg/g. The results of this study show that zeolite modified with cationic surfactant is an effective adsorbent for removal anionic dyes from an aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional usage of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) via being supported on porous solid materials for carbon capture is susceptible to oxidative degradation during regeneration cycles. This study reports a novel method to synthesize a TEPA based solid polymer for efficient CO2 removal via direct air capture (DAC). The polymer was obtained through epoxy‐amine crosslinking reaction, leading to the transformation of liquid TEPA to a self‐supported solid polymer. The synthesis was conducted under ambient conditions via a one‐pot process with no waste products, which is aligned with green synthesis. The performance of the solid amine was evaluated in DAC under realistic conditions and compared with TEPA supported on SiO2 and zeolite 13X prepared through the conventional method. The solid TEPA amine exhibited a high CO2 uptake of 6.2 wt.% comparable to the conventional counterparts. More importantly, the solid TEPA amine demonstrated high resistance to oxidation during the accelerated ageing process at 80 °C in air for 24 h, whereas the two supported TEPA samples experienced severe degradation, with zeolite 13X supported TEPA incurring a reduction of 86.5 % in CO2 capturing capacity after the ageing. This work sheds light on the novel usage of TEPA as an efficient solid amine for practical DAC operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many pollutants present in wastewater that require urgent remediation. Methylene blue (MB) has become the most undesirable pollutant. Various industries such as petroleum, pharmaceuticals, textiles and households have been responsible for releasing MB into the environment. Its toxicity and acute health implications for animals and humans have suggested several technological applications for its removal. Biological methods using plant‐based wastes have been identified to be the most effective material for removing MB and other dye pollutants. Previous research studies have employed biological adsorbents to eliminate MB and were reviewed. The purpose of the study was to determine the removal efficiency gap of MB using biological wastes. In this present review, various biological wastes and their functionalization were explored. The study proved that chemically modified bioadsorbents were favourable in removing MB. Its ability to produce secondary pollutants from chemical agents has made it undesirable. Several factors such as pH, dosage of catalyst, contact time and temperature have also been reviewed to influence biosorption. The best data representations to describe the biosorption of MB were the Langmuir and pseudo‐second‐order models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Separating n‐butene and iso‐butene through adsorption represents a viable and energy‐efficient strategy. However, developing porous adsorbents that can effectively discern the subtle differences between these isomers remains a significant challenge. This study demonstrates that a zinc‐based coordination network (CALF‐20) exhibits a slight pore expansion with increasing temperature, creating nanochannels that preferentially adsorb n‐butene over iso‐butene. This unique temperature‐dependent dynamic behavior enables effective sieving of n‐butene from iso‐butene within the temperature range of 273 to 423 K, a phenomenon not previously observed. Notably, CALF‐20 exhibits the highest n‐butene adsorption capacity (2.62 mmol g−1) and the highest selectivity ratio (14.7) among sieving materials reported to date for n‐butene isomers. Modeling calculations show that dynamic factors play a significant role in achieving such high adsorption separation capabilities. At medium temperatures, the initial separation of n‐butene and iso‐butene is achievable, which may provide a foundation for the future design of adsorbents intended to achieve efficient separation of n‐butene/iso‐butene under comparable temperature conditions. In the future, the intricate structure dynamics and enhanced capacity for molecular recognition will offer a new pathway for developing advanced sieving materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there is a high demand for novel sorbents for wastewater treatment. Nanostructured materials are often considered as more promising sorbents compared to their microsized counterparts, which, however, requires experimental verification. In this work, two types of h-BN materials (micro- and nanosized) are compared as candidates for antibiotic sorption. The initial h-BN was in the form of microsized pellets. Nanostructurued h-BN was obtained by high energy ball milling of the initial powder. The effect of ball milling on the microstructure, morphology, chemical composition and surface chemical state was investigated by SEM, TEM, STEM, EDX, XRD, XPS, FTIR and BET techniques. Adsorption properties were studied on samples in the form of pellets and powders. Activated carbon powder was used as a reference material. The antibiotic adsorption process was studied using tetracycline and linezolid. The influence of the h-BN structure on the adsorption characteristics was elucidated using DFT calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous materials have attracted considerable interest as water sorbents due to their potential in a broad range of water sorption‐related applications. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are particularly notable for their high porosity and tunability. However, their limited hydrolytic stability often results in pore collapse, which significantly hinders their water sorption performance. To address this issue, an innovative design strategy based on reticular chemistry is essential to enhance structural stability and ensure efficient water sorption. Herein, a novel synthetic approach for constructing a merged‐net MOF structure using metallolinkers is introduced. Specifically, a porphyrin linker is employed to successfully synthesize a porphyrin‐based merged‐net MOF, UPF‐5. This MOF demonstrates significantly enhanced hydrolytic stability and improved water sorption performance while maintaining high pore volume. Additionally, the structure of UPF‐5 allows for the modification of accessible Zr6 nodes, enabling control over the pore environments and fine‐tuning the water sorption properties. This programmable synthetic strategy for porphyrin‐based merged‐net MOFs not only significantly enhances the structural stability for practical applications, including water sorption, but also advances reticular chemistry by discovering unprecedented topologies in MOF chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of adsorbent materials for highly efficient iodine capture is in high demand from the perspective of ecological environment and human health. Herein, two covalent organic frameworks (COFs), JLNU-312 and JLNU-313, were successfully synthesized for iodine adsorption. The obtained JLNU-COFs possess high crystallinity and one-dimensional mesoporous channels. Iodine adsorption experiments demonstrated that both COF materials exhibit effective performance for iodine adsorption, with a maximum amount of up to 4.67 g g−1 for JLNU-312 and 2.47 g g−1 for JLNU-313. Moreover, both JLNU-COFs have good stability, reusability and iodine retention capacity. Theoretical calculations clearly show that the higher adsorption performance of JLNU-312 is also due to the strong interaction between the adsorbed iodine and the abundant triazine nitrogen-rich adsorption sites uniformly distributed in the pore. This work shows that effective iodine adsorbents can be achieved by introducing nitrogen-rich sites into the framework of COF materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IRMOF-10, derived from biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid and zinc, is a prototype for an open cubic structure prone to interpenetration. Interpenetration can compromise MOF pore volume and surface area which drives the need to develop strategies to synthesize non-interpenetrated MOFs. In this work, an additive design strategy was employed to suppress interpenetration of IRMOF-10. The presence of the additive during traditional solvothermal synthesis yielded an activated material with the highest surface area reported to date and enabled the determination of the single crystal structure. In situ monitoring of the nucleation of crystals under polarized light provided insights into the mechanism behind interpenetration in the IRMOF-9/10 system. This work provides a roadmap to suppress interpenetration more generically in other MOFs and achieve improved surface areas and pore volumes for this prominent class of porous sorbents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are widely prevalent in the environment primarily due to their low cost and extensive use in agricultural lands. However, it is estimated that only about 5% of these applied pesticides reach their intended target organisms. The remaining 95% residue linger in the environment as contaminants, posing significant ecological and health risks. This underscores the need for materials capable of effectively removing, recovering, and recycling these contaminants through adsorption processes. In this research, adsorbent materials composed of electro-spun carbon nanofibers (ECNFs) derived from polyacrylonitrile was developed. The materials were characterized through several techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and contact angle measurements. SEM analysis revealed details of the structural properties and inter-fiber spacing variations of the carbon nanofibers. The results revealed that ECNFs possess remarkable uniformity, active surface areas, and high efficiency for adsorption processes. The adsorption studies were conducted using batch experiments with ethion pesticide in aqueous solution. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) was utilized to quantify the concentrations of the OPP. Various parameters, including adsorbent dosage, pH, contact time, and initial ethion concentration, were investigated to understand their impact on the adsorption process. The adsorption isotherm was best described by the Freundlich model, while the kinetics of adsorption followed a non-integer-order kinetics model. The adsorption capacity of the ECNFs for OPP removal highlights a significant advancement in materials designed for environmental remediation applications. This study demonstrates the potential of ECNFs to serve as effective adsorbents, contributing to the mitigation of pesticide contamination in agricultural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this brief review, we consider various characterizations of "monomeric" reversed phases for elucidating the interactions governing adsorbate retention in liquid chromatography. Conventional methods related to the assessment of retention capacity and hydrophobicity (specifically methylene selectivity) using single mobile phase compositions are discussed with a focus on dispersion interactions, along with their inherent strengths and limitations. An alternative approach involving separation maps through relative retention analysis is proposed. It is noted that, in real reversed-phase adsorbents, the density of the attached alkyl chains is typically one half of that of solid n-alkanes. In this case, adsorbate molecules to penetrate into the attached phase, and the process depends on the molecular shape. Consequently, conventional "monomeric" reversed phases exhibit specific selectivity towards substances with specific structures. The review also notes that current analytical methods often do not pay sufficient attention to the difference between the substance retention mechanisms, absorption and adsorption, because the predominant parameters of these mechanisms are quite different. Moreover, in the two most widely used very interesting and informative methods, linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs) and the hydrophobic-subtraction model, this characteristic has not received due attention. Taking into account that the method does not distinguish adsorbates retained by different mechanisms, absorptive versus adsorptive, to the obtained significant discrepancies between the calculated and experimental data do not seem extraordinary. The interpretation of the results of an LSER analysis is also complicated by uncertainties in the contributions of partial properties of adsorbates in both mobile and stationary phases to the total solvation energy, as only their difference is typically calculated. Nonetheless, a comparison of different columns in identical mobile phases can yield informative insights. A drawback of the second approach is the necessity of using multiple columns with substantial qualitative differences in the adsorbate retention among them. Furthermore, a possibility of the decomposition of all interactions into distinct types seems questionable, because the method does not involve any orthogonal (independent of the applied calculation method) properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) that extact water from air is adorable technology which can release water stress in arid regions decentralized, however right now the high energy consumption hinders its development especially in low humidity condition. Improving humidity by adsorbing water through porous materials is an effective way to reduce AWH energy consumption. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a representative of new designable porous materials, is expected to solve the energy consumption problem in the practical application process of AWH. This review elucidates the energy-saving effects and design objectives of MOFs and COFs by analyzing the impact of adsorbents on energy consumption. Additionally, the manuscript delves into the principles of water adsorption in MOFs and COFs, subsequently reviewing the design methods for materials optimized for AWH performance. Lastly, the manuscript outlines the primary challenges and development recommendations for future energy-saving AWH solutions in arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study aims to valorise a plant waste, corn cobs (Zea mays) enriched with fibres (cellulose of 19.09–19.18% and hemicellulose of 34.04–60.13%), to create gel‐like sorbents. Corn cobs (CB) were dried, grounded and sieved to obtain 500, 250 and 125 μm powder size fractions. Various CB powder concentrations (10–40% w/w) were mixed with distilled water and rice bran oil for 2 min at ambient temperature to form hydrogel‐like and oleogel‐like sorbents, respectively. Visual appearance indicated that selected gels formed by 250 and 125 μm CB powders were self‐sustained right after mixing, while the largest particles (500 μm) could not fabricate gels at the CB concentrations studied. FTIR results suggested that the gelation process was primarily attributed to physical absorption rather than chemical binding. Comprehensive analyses of microstructure, physicochemical properties and rheological behaviour indicated that gelation was due to fibre–fibre interaction (125 μm) and oil/water–fibre interaction (250 μm). An increase in CB powder concentration enhanced the microstructural density and hardness of gels. Thus, 250 μm particles and higher absorbent concentrations resulted in brittle sorbents characterised by high hardness but low cohesiveness. The 250 μm particles also exhibit a superior antioxidant profile and lower oil/water loss than the 125 μm CB particles due to effective intra‐particle trapping mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of industrial activities, has led to a significant increase in the influx of color pollutants into the environment. Phytoremediation can play a crucial role in enhancing wastewater quality. Accordingly, this study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of Alhagi maurorum plant powder in removing Janus Green B (JGB) dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent's properties were characterized through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The study examined various parameters, including initial dye concentration (20–110 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.002–0.02 g), solution pH (2–10), and contact time (5–50 min). The experiments revealed that the maximum dye removal efficiency, 99.51%, was achieved under optimal conditions: pH 7, a contact time of 20 min, an adsorbent dosage of 0.01 g, and an initial dye concentration of 90 mg/L. The adsorption of JGB onto the adsorbent followed the Langmuir isotherm model, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 90.909 mg/g. The kinetic results supported a pseudo-second-order model for the adsorption process, with an R2 value of 0.9999. The calculated Gibbs free energy changes (ΔG°) at temperatures of 288, 298, 308, 318, and 328 K were found to be −5354.28, −5993.61, −6439.66, −7026.51, and −7932.05 kJ/mol, respectively, indicating the spontaneity of the adsorption process. NOVELTY STATEMENT: This study investigated the capabilities of Alhagi maurorum species for removing Janus Green B in wastewater, because A. maurorum is considered a weed in fields and can be found in abundance in desert areas. It is a low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a ZnS:Ni loaded on sponge‐activated carbon (SAC) was synthesized and applied as an effective adsorbent to remove bromophenol blue (BPB) dye from aqueous solutions. Various techniques such as Fourier‐transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) were used to characterize ZnS:Ni–SAC. The effective parameters such as BPB concentration, amount of ZnS:Ni–SAC, ultrasonic time, and pH of the aqueous solution were investigated and optimized by response surface methodology. To investigate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method, the analysis of variance was used based on p‐values and F‐test. The optimal values of the parameters were obtained using the desirability function, and they were as follows: 15 mg L−1 BPB concentration, 20 min sonication time, 18 mg of ZnS:Ni–SAC, and pH = 7. To evaluate the adsorption mechanism and calculation of maximum adsorption capacity, different adsorption isotherms were studied, and according to the obtained results, the Langmuir isotherm model showed the highest compatibility due to its higher R2 (0.997). Also, the proposed adsorbent represented good adsorption capacity (125 mg g−1). Moreover, kinetic studies proved the applicability of the pseudo‐second‐order model (R2 = 0.986) compared to other models. The achieved results confirmed the applicability of ZnS:Ni–SAC as a versatile adsorbent for the removal of BPB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]