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Smoking is one of the sources of many health problems in the world. Smoking adversely affects systemic diseases as well as oral health. The effects of smoking on oral health are mainly periodontal tissue damage. Periodontal inflammation limited to the gingival tissue is gingivitis, most often caused by bacteria. According to the results of several studies, it is stated that there were differences in gingivitis in smokers and non-smokers based on clinical parameters. We aimed to map the kinds of literature comparing gingivitis in smokers and non-smokers based on clinical parameters. The research was carried out using the scoping review method by PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews) based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles were retrieved from four databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. After screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 articles were included in the analysis. Nine parameters used to compare gingivitis in smokers and non-smokers were Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Gingival Index (GI), gingival redness, vascular reaction, gingival exudate, Calculus Index (CI), and OHI-S. The review results showed that the PI in smokers and non-smokers was similar. GBI, BOP, GI, gingival redness, vascular reactions, and gingival exudate were higher in non-smokers compared to smokers. CI showed higher results in smokers and OHI-S it showed worse results in smokers. Gingivitis in smokers showed minimal signs of inflammation compared to non-smokers. This is characterized by the Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Gingival Index (GI), gingival redness, vascular reaction, and gingival exudate that were lower in smokers compared to non-smokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scaling and root planing (SRP) is the primary treatment for patients with periodontitis. To overcome the limitations of SRP, adjunctive therapy is used to maximise treatment efficacy and optimise patient healing. The effect of adjunctive therapy can be known through biomarker levels before and after treatment. The objective of this research is to determine the effect of adjunctive therapy after initial treatment on MMP-8 levels in periodontitis patients. This scoping review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and MetaAnalysis extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines using PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, Livivo databases, and manual searches. This research was conducted over a period of 6 months. A total of 13 articles were used according to the inclusion criteria. There were 3 articles on antibiotic administration, 1 article on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) administration, 2 articles on probiotic administration, 2 articles on herbal administration, 1 article on laser application, 1 article on LED application, 1 article on carbonate apatite mineral administration, 1 article on a comparison of antibiotic administration and licorice herbal administration, and 1 article on a comparison of antibiotic administration and photodynamic therapy as adjunctive therapy. 12 articles showed a significant statistically significant decrease in MMP-8 levels, while 1 article showed a decrease in MMP-8 levels but not statistically significant. Based on the analysis of all articles in this research, adjunctive therapy after initial treatment has an effect on reducing MMP-8 levels in periodontitis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoking has detrimental effects on periodontal health, including poor gingival response toward bacterial plaque accumulation and delayed wound healing after periodontal therapy. Recently, an alternative product called Combustion-Free Nicotine Delivery System (C-FNDS) has been widely recognized among cigarette smokers as an aid to reducing or quitting smoking, and it has been marketed as a healthier, cost-effective, and more socially acceptable alternative to traditional cigarettes. However, the impact of using the product on gingival response is still unclear. We aimed to systematically review the impact of combustion-free nicotine delivery systems on gingival response. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA guidelines). Studies were evaluated using the PICO strategy. The search was conducted with Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, EBSCOHost, Google Scholar, and manual search up to March 2024. The quality of the methodology of each study was evaluated using The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. The initial search resulted in 345 articles, after being screened for duplication and criteria, 10 articles were included. The term CF-NDS in searches predominantly brought up Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, e-cigarettes, or vaping. In terms of bleeding on probing and gingival conditions, the gingival response was suppressed in cigarette smokers compared with individuals using e-cigs and never-smokers. At the same time, the outcome of periodontal therapy was slightly compromised in e-cigarette users but more favorable compared to the results in smokers. Under the limitation of the study, the present review suggests that CF-NDS users demonstrated different gingival responses compared to smokers, and it merits further study to explore how switching from traditional cigarettes or combustible products to CF-NDS may affect the periodontal condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interleukin-1ß, a cytokine, has elevated levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of individuals diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, and plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of periodontal tissue deterioration. The use of initial periodontal therapy is a viable therapeutic approach aimed at mitigating the progression of subsequent periodontal deterioration. The objective of this research is to assess the impact of early periodontal therapy on the levels of Interleukin-1ß in the gingival crevicular fluid of individuals diagnosed with chronic periodontitis. This article is written using the rapid review method which uses screening and searching articles referring to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Article searches were conducted via PubMed, Cochrane, Sciencedirect, and Wiley. The inclusion criteria in this study were articles with randomized control trials and experimental studies on clinical and biological parameters of Interleukin-1ß gingival crevicular fluid published within the last 10 years. A total of seven articles were reviewed using clinical and biological parameters Interleukin-1ß in evaluating the effect of initial periodontal treatment in chronic periodontitis patients. All articles showed a decrease in the biological parameters of Interleukin-1ß after initial periodontal treatment. This review shows that initial periodontal treatment can significantly reduce Interleukin-1ß levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of chronic periodontitis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gingivitis is a reversible inflammatory condition of the gingival tissue that is most usually caused by microbial plaque deposits in or near the gingival sulcus. Individuals with autism spectrum disorders are predisposed to gingivitis, the prevalence of which is increasing by around 15% every year in Indonesia. Prevention of gingival problems through plaque control is the most effective alternative for the promotion and maintenance of good oral health, as well as to reduce general healthcare costs and improve patient quality of life. Therefore, this study aims to determine the best approach in performing plaque control in gingivitis patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This systematic literature review is conducted using the Rapid Review method that refers to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic searches are conducted from 6 electronic databases of the National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE/PubMED), Google Scholar, The Cochrane Library, EbscoHOST, Wiley's Library, and SAGE Journal. There are a total of six Randomized Control Trials (RCT) - interventional studies publications that have been selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and will be examined qualitatively later. The results obtained for a period of 3 weeks to 6 months showed that the approach taken is in the form of visual reinforcement as well as modification of instrument and manual plaque control methods. According to the six publications examined, oral health management combined with manual plaque control through a visual approach is the simplest and most successful method for reducing plaque in individuals with autism spectrum disorders at severity level 1, 2, or 3. Meanwhile, effectiveness can be increased by modifying the instrument and the brushing method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains various bioactive components, such as phenolic acid, tannin, xanthone, anthocyanins, and pectin which has various biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness anti-inflammatory activity of mangosteen rind extract as an adjunct therapy of chronic periodontitis. Pubmed NCBI, Cochrane Library, and hand searching databases are searched for studies with the inclusion criteria that discussed the effectiveness anti-inflammatory activity of mangosteen rind extract as an adjunct therapy of chronic periodontitis from 2010 to 2020. A total from 96 articles, six selected articles were reviewed. All articles stated good results in all test groups with greater reduction compared with control groups on all parameters. Variability of the result are likely due to differences in the time, sample inclusion criteria, measurement of the parameters and method of giving mangosteen fruit. Based on the results, it can be seen that the mangosteen rind extract has an anti-inflammatory activity which can be used as an adjunct therapy for chronic periodontitis. Mangosteen rind extract has an anti-inflammatory activity and effective as an adjunct therapy of chronic periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is the disease of dental surrounding tissue with the 11th most prevalent condition in the world. Considering the important role of periodontitis in the development of atherosclerosis as the dominant cause of cardiovascular disease, this scoping review conducted with the aim of assessing and analysing current studies to see the association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This scoping review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Electronic searches were carried out from 4 electronic databases include the National Library of Medicine, The Cochrane Library, EbscoHOST, and SAGE Journal. 13 articles in the past 5 years were obtained based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to be analyzed qualitatively. 12 articles showed a positive correlation between those two conditions directly and indirectly with clear findings on their studies. 1 article remained also found that there is a lack of awareness and an ignorant attitude about the relationship between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and periodontitis. This present study concluded that periodontitis and atherosclerosis have an association both in direct and indirect pathway with the most reported link is indirect pathway through systemic inflammation marked by several measurable indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important treatments of periodontal disease is scaling root planing (SRP) but that is not always efficient to eradicating all periodontal pathogens, local subgingival application of chemotheurapeutic agents may used as an adjunct for optimal result. Hyaluronic acid has demonstrated its ability as an inflammatory treatment. The potential effect of local subgingival application of HA adjunctive to scaling and root planing were evaluated in this study. This research was conducted using a rapid review method through the PICO framework based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A total of 10 articles with an RCT research design were obtained based on the inclusion criteria and then analyzed qualitatively. An experimental study on 10 articles over a period of 3 to 6 months showed that additional hyaluronic acid treatment was able to produce better clinical or microbiological parameters in chronic periodontitis patients. Hyaluronic acid has results in improving PPD, CAL, BOP, and also reduce the bacterial periodontopathogens such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Campylobacter rectus so that HA has the potential to be an alternative as an additional treatment after SRP for chronic periodontitis patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary etiology of periodontal disease and tooth decay is bacterial plaque, attached to the tooth surfaces. Bacterial or dental plaque can be detected accurately by plaque disclosing agents. However, it is discovered that dentists hesitate to use plaque disclosing agents due to lack of knowledge and limited time allocated for each dental visit. The present study aimed to measure the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward plaque disclosing agents among dentists in West Java. We conducted a survey involving 210 participating dentists in West Java, Indonesia. A questionnaire was developed and uploaded in an online survey tool (google form). Data were collected consisting of questions regarding dentist's opinions, viewpoints, and recommendations about disclosing agents. This study showed only 42% of dentists had a high level of knowledge and only half of the participating dentists were aware of importance of using disclosing agents at home and in dental practice. Under limitation of the present study, it was revealed that half of the participating dentist had a low level of category in terms of knowledge, attitude and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the adjunctive use of locally delivered carbonate apatite (CHA) membrane with scaling and root planing (SRP) as compared with SRP alone in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Split-mouth study, 22 patients with two sites in the contralateral quadrants with probing pocket depth >5 mm were selected. The test site received SRP with CHA membrane application, and the control site received SRP alone. The amounts of matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in gingival crevicular fluid were measured by ELISA. Measurements were obtained at baseline (day 0) and 30 days after SRP (day 30). The mean MMP-8 levels at baseline and 30 days in the test groups were 1865.04 (±414.44) and 1013.04 (±608.32) pg/mL, respectively. By contrast, the mean MMP-8 levels of the control group were 1635.30 (±593.91) and 1121.62 (±614.99) pg/mL, respectively. Significant differences in MMP-8 levels before and after SRP were observed in both groups (P<0.001). CHA membrane application with SRP decreased significantly MMP-8 at 30 days compared with SRP alone. The application of the CHA membrane after SRP showed a marked decrease in MMP-8 gingival crevicular fluid levels compared with the use of SRP alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to determine the effect of apatite carbonate membrane application towards the healing process after scaling and root planing treatment in chronic periodontitis patients based on the bleeding on probing (BOP) level. A total of 22 chronic periodontitis patients, attending to the Periodontics Clinic of the Dental Hospital of Faculty of Dentistry Unpad were examined with a randomized control trial, double-blind, and split mouth method. The parameters examined is bleeding on probing level at baseline and after the 30th day. All participants were obtaining the scaling and root planing followed by the application of apatite carbonate membrane. Data analysis was performed by the Wilcoxon test. The mean age of participant study was 48,6 in years. The difference mean of BOP on treatment group was 2.23 and control group was 1.59. The P-value was .07 (p > 0.05). Application of apatite carbonate membrane as an adjunctive therapy after scaling and root planing on treatment and control group reduce bleeding on probing level clinically but no different proven to be able to reduce it statistically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]