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Les auteurs des encyclopédies médiévales veulent être utiles aux prédicateurs : les prologues, les moralisations accompagnant les informations sur la nature le montrent. De même, les prédicateurs font allusion aux encyclopédies dans les Artes predicandi, dans les distinctions ou dans leurs sermons (animaux, plantes). Cet article en présente quelques exemples. Medieval encyclopaedia aim at providing tools for the preachers, as suggest their prologues and some moralizations regarding naturalistic information. Similarly, the preachers refer to encyclopaedias in their Artes predicandi, in distinctiones, in sermons, about the properties of animals or plants. This articles aims at showing some examples.

Bernardino da Siena was one of the most successful preachers of the Franciscan observance. His autograph manuscript, the Itinerarium anni, which was lost in Siena in the eighteenth century, was recently rediscovered in a private collection. It contains several drafts of sermons; some of them are unpublished.

The second part of our dossier seeks to illustrate different methods and techniques addressed by corporate-based KM.The Knowledge Manager’s missions are changing along with issues facing corporations. Yesterday the KM looked after information management and archiving corporate memory, but today he is busy transmitting know-how and managing interpersonal information flow. Involved in professional networking and collaborative initiatives to accompany change, he is more and more associated with corporate strategy.

More than 80% of the approximately 3000 living species of snakes are placed in the taxon Caenophidia (advanced snakes), a group that includes the families Acrochordidae, Viperidae, Elapidae, Atractaspididae, and the paraphyletic ‘Colubridae’. Previous studies using DNA sequences have involved few nuclear genes (one or two). Several nodes have therefore proven difficult to resolve with statistical significance. Here, we investigated the higher-level relationships of caenophidian snakes with seven nuclear protein-coding genes and obtained a well-supported topology. Accordingly, some adjustments to the current classification of Caenophidia are made to better reflect the relationships of the groups. The phylogeny also indicates that, ancestrally, caenophidian snakes are Asian and nocturnal in origin, although living species occur on nearly all continents and are ecologically diverse. To cite this article: N. Vidal et al., C. R. Biologies 330 (2007).

Graduated compression stockings (GCS) are often used for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in nonsurgical patients, although evidence on their effectiveness is lacking in this setting.To determine whether prophylaxis with GCS is associated with a decrease in the rate of deep vein thrombosis in nonsurgical elderly patients.Using original data from 2 multicenter nonrandomized studies, we performed multivariable and propensity score analyses to determine whether prophylaxis with GCS reduced the rate of deep vein thrombosis among 1,310 postacute care patients 65 years or older. The primary outcome was proximal deep vein thrombosis detected by routine compression ultrasonography performed by registered vascular physicians.Proximal deep vein thrombosis was found in 5.7% (21/371) of the GCS users and in 5.2% (49/939) of the GCS nonusers (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-1.84). Although adjusting for propensity score eliminated all differences in baseline characteristics between users and nonusers, the OR for proximal deep vein thrombosis associated with GCS remained nonsignificant in propensity-stratified (adjusted OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.59-2.10) and propensity-matched (conditional OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.42-2.02) analysis. Similar figures were observed for distal and any deep vein thrombosis. The rates of deep vein thrombosis did not differ according to the length of stockings.Prophylaxis with GCS is not associated with a lower rate of deep vein thrombosis in nonsurgical elderly patients in routine practice. Randomized studies are needed to assess the efficacy of GCS when properly used in this setting.

Phylogenetic relationships of Corallus caninus phylogeny were examined with DNA samples from five geographically disparate localities from across the range of the species (Guyana, Venezuela, Brazilian states of Paraand Rondonia, and Peru). The Peruvian sequence was the most divergent (16.2%) and the closest relative of a clade including Brazilian, Guyanan, and Venezuelan populations. Within the latter clade, the most basal lineage was from the state of Para ´, followed by the state of Rondonia, which was the closest relative of populations from the Guiana Shield. Preliminary morphological data paralleled molecular results, and it is likely that a separate species of Corallus currently included in C. caninus occurs in the upper Amazon.

D. Nebbiai Dalla Guarda, N. Bériou, M. Morard; International audience

Delmas Sophie, Frossard Odile. Les archives du Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives : organisation de la fonction et exploitation des fonds historiques d’un grand organisme public, acteur clé de la recherche. In: La Gazette des archives, n°231, 2013-3. Les archives des établissements d’enseignement supérieur et de recherche. pp. 173-182.

Gaubert, P., Tranier, M., Delmas, A.-S., Colyn, M. & Veron, G. (2004). First molecular evidence for reassessing phylogenetic affinities between genets (Genetta) and the enigmatic genet-like taxa Osbornictis, Poiana and Prionodon (Carnivora, Viverridae). —Zoologica Scripta, 33, 117–129. The subfamily Viverrinae is a composite group of carnivores comprising the large and plantigrade terrestrial civets (Civettictis, Viverricula and Viverra) and the slender and generally more arboreal genets and genet-like taxa (Genetta, Prionodon, Poiana, Osbornictis), both having Asiatic and African representatives. The problematic phylogenetic relationships between genets and genet-like taxa are addressed for the first time from a molecular perspective through complete cytochrome b gene sequences. We used a large taxonomic sample set including some very rare and crucial species such as Osbornictis piscivora, Poiana richardsonii (museum specimen material) and Genetta johnstoni. The results from parsimony, distance and maximum likelihood analyses do not support the monophyly of the Viverrinae and contradict previous morphological hypotheses. The Asiatic linsangs (Prionodon spp.) are excluded from the Viverrinae and represent either a basal Feliformia or Viverridae. The other genet-like taxa constitute a strongly supported monophyletic African group, in which the African linsang (represented by Poiana richardsonii) is a sister group to the genets. The aquatic genet Osbornictis piscivora is included within the latter clade, and the genus Osbornictis should be considered a junior synonym of Genetta. African and Asiatic terrestrial civets are monophyletic, but their phylogenetic affinities with the genet-like clade are inconclusive using our data set. On the basis of our molecular results, morphological convergences and adaptations to peculiar habitats and ways of life within genets and genet-like taxa are discussed.

Le 800e anniversaire de la bataille de Bouvines (27 juillet 1214) offre l’occasion de reevaluer ses effets pour la monarchie capetienne, le royaume de France et l’Europe. Cet essai soutient que la victoire du roi Philippe Auguste consolida les reformes administratives initiees depuis 1190, renforca l’ideologie royale, imposa l’autorite royale dans les territoires angevins du nord-ouest et du centre de la France, ouvrit la voie a la croisade albigeoise dans le Midi, et elimina les menaces flamandes et germaniques au Nord et a l’Est. La bataille eut donc d’importantes consequences pour les affaires interieures de l’Angleterre, de la Flandre et de l’Empire. En somme, Bouvines assura la suprematie des Capetiens tout au long du xiiie siecle, mais au debut du xive siecle, les problemes epineux que soulevaient la Flandre et la Guyenne s’imposerent de nouveau.

L’edition de la question disputee De equalitate animarum du maitre franciscain Eustache d’Arras (seconde moitie du xiiie siecle) conservee dans trois manuscrits (Vatican Borghese 139, Florence BN B. 6.912 et Reims BM 470) montre comment ce theologien participe aux debats sur la creation des âmes et l’hylemorphisme universel. Il y critique en particulier la position de Thomas d’Aquin tenue dans son Commentaire des Sentences.