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119 results on '"Sophie Cornu"'

1. 36Cl, a new tool to assess soil carbon dynamics

Author: Cécile Grapeloup, Sophie Cornu, Xavier Giraud, Julie Pupier, Aster Team, Valery Guillou, Philippe Ciffroy, Beatriz Lourino Cabana, Cécile Couegnas, Christine Hatté, and Lucilla Benedetti
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Soil organic carbon is one of the largest surface pools of carbon that humans can manage in order to partially mitigate annual anthropogenic CO2 emissions. A significant element to assess soil sequestration potential is the carbon age, which is evaluated by modelling or experimentally using carbon isotopes. Results, however, are not consistent. The 14C derived approach seems to overestimate by a factor of 6–10 the average carbon age in soils estimated by modeling and 13C approaches and thus the sequestration potential. A fully independent method is needed. The cosmogenic chlorine nuclide, 36Cl, is a potential alternative. 36Cl is a naturally occurring cosmogenic radionuclide with a production that increased by three orders of magnitude during nuclear bomb tests. Part of this production is retained by soil organic matter in organochloride form and hence acts as a tracer of the fate of soil organic carbon. We here quantify the fraction and the duration of 36Cl retained in the soil and we show that retention time increases with depth from 20 to 322 years, in agreement with both modelling and 13C-derived estimates. This work demonstrates that 36Cl retention duration can be a proxy for the age of soil organic carbon.
Published: 2023
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2. Natural Denudation Versus Anthropogenically Accelerated Erosion in Central Brazil: A Confrontation of Time and Space Scales

Author: Lionel L. Siame, Lucas Espíndola Rosa, Luis Felipe Soares Cherem, José Guilherme de Oliveira, Olivier Evrard, Houda Barhoumi, Laëtitia Leanni, Adrien Duvivier, Pierre‐Henri Blard, Didier L. Bourlès, ASTER Team, and Sophie Cornu
Subjects: erosion, soil, landscape, cosmogenic nuclides, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Land degradation resulting from increased continental surface erosion is a worldwide and systemic phenomenon due to unsustainable human activities. Already fragile, the intertropical zone is likely to be further affected by climate change like increased aridity, an aggravating factor of soil erosion and land degradation. A major challenge is thus to provide the necessary knowledge to not only deepen our understanding of the Earth's system and its critical thresholds but also to help achieving sustainability. Understanding the factors that control the properties and processes of the critical zone, and especially what will be its responses to ongoing climate and land use changes, requires multidisciplinary efforts to tackle time scales that are compatible with morphogenesis and soil development as well as environmental disturbances of anthropogenic origin. Due to its prominent ecological importance, the Brazilian Cerrado biome is an ideal natural laboratory were to gauge the consequences of recent and intense agricultural activities on continental surface erosion. We focused on the region of Brasília where our approach allows confronting the temporal scales of long‐lived and stable cosmogenic nuclides with that of short‐lived radioactive isotopes, through a comparison of natural and anthropogenically disturbed land surfaces. Our results indicate that long‐term, background denudation rates are lower than 10 mm Kyr−1 whereas recent erosion rates due to human activities may reach rates at least 160 times higher, exceeding by far the sustainability of the soil resource.
Published: 2023
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3. Editorial: Landscape evolution of the tropical regions: Dates, rates and beyond

Author: Fabiano N. Pupim, Cécile Gautheron, Jean-Jacques Braun, Adolfo Quesada-Román, and Sophie Cornu
Subjects: tropics, landscape evolution, geochronology, geochemistry, new methods, Science
Published: 2022
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4. Including Stable Carbon Isotopes to Evaluate the Dynamics of Soil Carbon in the Land‐Surface Model ORCHIDEE

Author: Marta Camino‐Serrano, Marwa Tifafi, Jérôme Balesdent, Christine Hatté, Josep Peñuelas, Sophie Cornu, and Bertrand Guenet
Subjects: soil organic carbon, stable isotopes, land surface model, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract: Abstract Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial component of the terrestrial carbon cycle and its turnover time in models is a key source of uncertainty. Studies have highlighted the utility of δ13C measurements for benchmarking SOC turnover in global models. We used 13C as a tracer within a vertically discretized soil module of a land‐surface model, Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems‐ Soil Organic Matter (ORCHIDEE‐SOM). Our new module represents some of the processes that have been hypothesized to lead to a 13C enrichment with soil depth as follows: 1) the Suess effect and CO2 fertilization, 2) the relative 13C enrichment of roots compared to leaves, and 3) 13C discrimination associated with microbial activity. We tested if the upgraded soil module was able to reproduce the vertical profile of δ13C within the soil column at two temperate sites and the short‐term change in the isotopic signal of soil after a shift in C3/C4 vegetation. We ran the model over Europe to test its performance at larger scale. The model was able to simulate a shift in the isotopic signal due to short‐term changes in vegetation cover from C3 to C4; however, it was not able to reproduce the overall vertical profile in soil δ13C, which arises as a combination of short and long‐term processes. At the European scale, the model ably reproduced soil CO2 fluxes and total SOC stock. These findings stress the importance of the long‐term history of land cover for simulating vertical profiles of δ13C. This new soil module is an emerging tool for the diagnosis and improvement of global SOC models.
Published: 2019
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5. Editorial: Soil Evolution and Sustainability

Author: Sophie Cornu, David Montagne, Christina Bogner, and Luca Montanarella
Subjects: pedogenesis, soil services, soil protection, global change, soil quality, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Published: 2020
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6. The role of silicon in the supply of terrestrial ecosystem services

Author: Jean-Dominique Meunier, Sophie Cornu, Catherine Keller, Doris Barboni, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Terrestrial ecosystems, Silicon, Provisioning ecosystem services, Regulating ecosystem services, Cultural ecosystem services, Phytoliths, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience; Silicon (Si) is the most abundant element on the earth’s surface after oxygen. Si can be found in minerals, electronic chips, cosmetic products, and plants for instance. Here we review the Earth's terrestrial Si cycle, focussing on ecosystem services. We show that silicon can participate in the inherent and manageable properties involved in all ecosystem services. As records of the past, phytoliths can be useful parameters in cultural services. Si is involved in provisioning services because Si may influence the production of food and fibers. Si is also involved in regulating services because of Si involvement in carbon sequestration. Regulating and provisioning services may be improved through Si management, e.g. by application of Si to fertilize soils and plants.
Published: 2022
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7. Natural versus anthropogenic erosion in Central Brazil, a confrontation of time and space scales

Author: Lionel Louis Siame, Lucas Espíndola Rosa, Luis Felipe Cherem Soares, José Guilherme de Oliveira, Olivier Evrard, Houda Barhoumi, Laëtitia Leanni, Adrien Duvivier, Pierre-Henry Blard, Didier Bourlès, and Sophie Cornu
Abstract: Land degradation resulting from increased continental surface erosion is a worldwide and systemic phenomenon due to human activities. Already fragile, the intertropical zone is likely to be further affected by climate change and increased aridity, an aggravating factor of soil erosion and land degradation. A major challenge is thus to provide the necessary knowledge to not only deepen our understanding of the Earth system and its critical thresholds but also to help achieving sustainable development goals. Understanding the factors that control the properties and processes of the critical zone, and especially what will be its responses to ongoing climate and land use changes, requires multidisciplinary efforts to tackle time scales that are compatible with morphogenesis and soil development as well as environmental disturbances of anthropogenic origin. Due to its prominent ecological importance, the Brazilian Cerrado biome is an ideal natural laboratory were to gauge the consequences of recent and strong human activities on continental surface erosion. We focused on the region of Brasília where our approach allows confronting the temporal scales of long-lived and stable cosmogenic nuclides with that of short-lived radioactive isotopes, through a comparison of natural and anthropogenically disturbed land surfaces. Our results indicate that long-term, background denudation rates are lower than 10 mm kyr-1whereas recent erosion rates due to human activities may reach rates at least 160 times higher, exceeding by far the sustainability rates of the soil resource.
Published: 2023
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8. Barriers and opportunities of soil knowledge to address soil challenges : Stakeholders’ perspectives across Europe

Author: Silvia Vanino, Tiziana Pirelli, Claudia Di Bene, Frederik Bøe, Nádia Castanheira, Claire Chenu, Sophie Cornu, Virginijus Feiza, Dario Fornara, Olivier Heller, Raimonds Kasparinskis, Saskia Keesstra, Maria Valentina Lasorella, Sevinç Madenoğlu, Katharina H.E. Meurer, Lilian O'Sullivan, Noemi Peter, Chiara Piccini, Grzegorz Siebielec, Bozena Smreczak, Martin Hvarregaard Thorsøe, and Roberta Farina
Subjects: Soil challenge, Environmental Engineering, WIMEK, Water en Landgebruik, Climate Change, Water and Land Use, Agriculture, General Medicine, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Bodemfysica en Landbeheer, PE&RC, Agricultural soil, Bodem, Water en Landgebruik, Europe, Soil Physics and Land Management, Soil, Bodem, Soil, Water and Land Use, Soil knowledge, Science to policy interface, Humans, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem
Abstract: Climate-smart sustainable management of agricultural soil is critical to improve soil health, enhance food and water security, contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation, biodiversity preservation, and improve human health and wellbeing. The European Joint Programme for Soil (EJP SOIL) started in 2020 with the aim to significantly improve soil management knowledge and create a sustainable and integrated European soil research system. EJP SOIL involves more than 350 scientists across 24 Countries and has been addressing multiple aspects associated with soil management across different European agroecosystems. This study summarizes the key findings of stakeholder consultations conducted at the national level across 20 countries with the aim to identify important barriers and challenges currently affecting soil knowledge but also assess opportunities to overcome these obstacles. Our findings demonstrate that there is significant room for improvement in terms of knowledge production, dissemination and adoption. Among the most important barriers identified by consulted stakeholders are technical, political, social and economic obstacles, which strongly limit the development and full exploitation of the outcomes of soil research. The main soil challenge across consulted member states remains to improve soil organic matter and peat soil conservation while soil water storage capacity is a key challenge in Southern Europe. Findings from this study clearly suggest that going forward climate-smart sustainable soil management will benefit from (1) increases in research funding, (2) the maintenance and valorisation of long-term (field) experiments, (3) the creation of knowledge sharing networks and interlinked national and European infrastructures, and (4) the development of regionally-tailored soil management strategies. All the above-mentioned interventions can contribute to the creation of healthy, resilient and sustainable soil ecosystems across Europe.
Published: 2023
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9. Labile Si Pool in Forest and Agricultural Soils: An Experimental Approach

Author: Artem G. Lim, Oleg Pokrovsky, Sophie Cornu, and Jean-Dominique Meunier
Published: 2023
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10. Release of labile Si from forest and agricultural soils

Author: Artem G. Lim, Oleg S. Pokrovsky, Sophie Cornu, and Jean-Dominique Meunier
Subjects: Earth-Surface Processes
Published: 2023
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11. Dynamics of carbon loss from an Arenosol by a forest to vineyard land use change on a centennial scale

Author: Solène Quéro, Christine Hatté, Sophie Cornu, Adrien Duvivier, Nithavong Cam, Floriane Jamoteau, Daniel Borschneck, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Silesian University of Technology, and ANR-16-CE01-0012,NanoSoilC,Interactions organo-minerales : mécanismes à nano-échelle pour le stockage du carbone dans les sols(2016)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Soil Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, PANOPLY
Abstract: Few studies have focused on Arenosols with regard to soil carbon dynamics despite the fact that they represent 7 % of the world's soils and are present in key areas where food security is a major issue (e.g., in Sahelian regions). As for other soil types, land use changes (from forest or grassland to cropland) lead to a loss of substantial soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and have a lasting impact on the SOC turnover. Here we quantified long-term variations in carbon stocks and their dynamics in a 80 cm deep Mediterranean Arenosol that had undergone a forest-to-vineyard land use change over a 100 years ago. Paired sites of adjacent plots combined with carbon and nitrogen quantification and natural radiocarbon (14C) abundance analyses revealed a C stock of 53 t ha−1 in the 0–30 cm forest soil horizon, which was reduced to 3 t ha−1 after long-term grape cultivation. Total organic carbon in the vineyard was dramatically low, with around 1 g C kg−1, and there was no vertical gradient as a function of depth. 14C showed that deep plowing (50 cm) in the vineyard plot redistributed the remaining carbon both vertically and horizontally. This remaining carbon was old (compared to that of the forest), which had a C:N ratio characteristic of microbial organic matter and was probably stabilized within organomineral associations. Despite the drastic degradation of the organic matter (OM) pool in this Arenosol, this soil would have a high carbon storage potential if agricultural practices, such as grassing or organic amendment applications, were to be implemented within the framework of the 4 per 1000 initiative.
Published: 2022
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12. Allophanes, a significant soil pool of silicon for plants

Author: Sophie Cornu, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Céline Ratie, Fréderic Ouedraogo, Yves Lucas, Patricia Merdy, Doris Barboni, Camille Delvigne, Daniel Borschneck, Olivier Grauby, Catherine Keller, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-14-CE01-0002,BioSiSol,Statut de Si dans les sols et modélisation de sa biodisponibilité: les sols français fournissent-ils assez de Si pour la culture de céréales?(2014), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Environnement Atmosphérique (CEREA), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-EDF R&D (EDF R&D), and EDF (EDF)-EDF (EDF)
Subjects: Pedogenesis, Temperate ecosystems, Bioavailable Si, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Phytolith, Soil Science, Clay, Land use change Clay Phytolith Temperate ecosystems Bioavailable Si Pedogenesis, Land use change, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; While in tropical soils recycling of plant phytoliths has been shown to represent a major pool of Si available for plants, the main Si pools available for plants in temperate soils are still poorly constrained. We characterised the various Si pools of temperate forested and cultivated soils in France by selecting seven paired sites (adjacent wheat and forest plots) for four soil groups: Luvisols, Albeluvisols, calcaric and hypereutric Cambisols. We showed that CaCl2-extracted Si (bioavailable) is mostly controlled by pH and allophanes (short-range ordered aluminosilicates) but not by phytoliths. Cultivation, by decreasing the soil organic carbon content increases the allophane content and the SiCaCl2 concentration. Our work highlights the importance of allophanes as the missing link between the soil solution and the clay minerals that could explain the reported correlation between the clay mineral content and bioavailable Si.
Published: 2022
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13. Detecting the Guttman effect with the help of ordinal correspondence analysis in synchrotron X-ray diffraction data analysis

Author: Daniel Borschneck, Claude Manté, C. Mocuta, R. van den Bogaert, Sophie Cornu, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-BLAN-0605,AGRIPED,Caractérisation, quantification et modélistion de l'impact de l'usage des terres sur un processus majeur d'évolution des sols : le lessivage.(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, Discrete mathematics, Ordinal Correspondence Analysis, 021103 operations research, Orthogonal polynomials, Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Detrended Correspondence Analysis, Eigenvalues, Articles, Randomization, 02 engineering and technology, Guttman scale, Table (information), 01 natural sciences, Correspondence analysis, 010104 statistics & probability, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Synchrotron X-rays diffraction, 0101 mathematics, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Mathematics
Abstract: We propose a method for detecting a Guttman effect in a complete disjunctive table [Image: see text] with Q questions. Since such an investigation is a nonsense when the Q variables are independent, we reuse a previous unpublished work about the chi-squared independence test for Burt's tables. Then, we introduce a two-steps method consisting in plugging the first singular vector from a preliminary Correspondence Analysis (CA) of [Image: see text] as a score x into a subsequent singly-ordered Ordinal Correspondence Analysis (OCA) of [Image: see text] . OCA mainly consists in completing x by a sequence of orthogonal polynomials superseding the classical factors of CA. As a consequence, in presence of a pure Guttman effect, we should in principle have that the second singular vector coincide with the polynomial of degree 2, etc. The hybrid decomposition of the Pearson chi-squared statistics (resulting from OCA) used in association with permutation tests makes possible to reveal such relationships, i.e. the presence of a Guttman effect in the structure of [Image: see text] , and to determine its degree - with an accuracy depending on the signal to noise ratio. The proposed method is successively tested on artificial data (more or less noisy), a well-known benchmark, and synchrotron X-ray diffraction data of soil samples.
Published: 2020
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14. Dynamics of carbon loss from an arenosol by a forest/vineyard land use change on a centennial scale

Author: Floriane Jamoteau, Daniel Borschneck, Adrien Duvivier, Solène Quéro, Sophie Cornu, Nithavong Cam, Christine Hatté, and Isabelle Basile-Doelsch
Subjects: chemistry, Land use, Soil water, Environmental science, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil horizon, Land use, land-use change and forestry, Soil classification, Forestry, Soil carbon, Carbon, Vineyard
Abstract: Few studies have focused on arenosols with regard to soil carbon dynamics despite the fact that they represent 8 % of the world's soils and are present in key areas where food security is a major issue (e.g. in Sahelian regions). As for other soil types, land use changes (from forest or grassland to cropland) lead to a loss of substantial soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and have a lasting impact on the SOC turnover. Here we quantified long-term variations in carbon stocks and their dynamics in a 80 cm deep Mediterranean Arenosol that had undergone a land use change from forest to vineyard over more than 100 years ago. Paired-sites of adjacent plots combined with carbon and nitrogen quantification and natural radiocarbon (14C) abundance analyses revealed a stock of 50 GtC ha−1 in the 0–30 cm forest soil horizon, which was reduced to 3 GtC ha−1 after long-term grape cultivation. TOC in vineyard was dramatically low, with around 1 gC kg−1 and no vertical gradient as a function of depth. 14C showed that deep ploughing (50 cm) in vineyard plot redistributed the remaining carbon both vertically and horizontally. This remaining carbon was old carbon (compared to that of the forest), which had a C : N ratio characteristic of microbial OM and was probably stabilized within organomineral associations. Despite the drastic degradation of the OM pool in this Arenosol, this soil would have a high carbon storage potential if agricultural practices, such as grassing or organic amendment applications, were to be implemented within the framework of the 4 per 1000 Initiative.
Published: 2021
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15. Didier L. Bourlès (1955–2021), the 5 MV cosmogenic rock star

Author: John C. Gosse, Chris German, Quentin Simon, Irene Schimmelpfennig, Christopher I. Measures, Friedhelm von Blanckenburg, Julien Carcaillet, Robert C. Finkel, Edouard Bard, Vincent Regard, Anne-Elisabeth Lebatard, Mark D. Kurz, Sébastien Carretier, Vincent Jomelli, Régis Braucher, Sophie Cornu, Felix Martin Hofmann, Nicolas Thouveny, Erik T. Brown, Pierre-Henri Blard, Swann Zerathe, Georges Aumaître, Vincent Godard, Silke Merchel, Lionel Siame, Ari Matmon, Karim Keddadouche, David Palacios, Bruno Hamelin, David Fink, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minnesota [Duluth], University of Minnesota System, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Collège de France - Chaire Evolution du climat et de l'océan, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation [Australie] (ANSTO), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Dalhousie University [Halifax], University of Freiburg [Freiburg], The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Department of Oceanography [Honolulu], University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Stratigraphy, Astronomy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Geology, Star (graph theory), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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16. First results of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) analyses from loess-palaeosol sections along the Rhône Valley, France

Author: Sophie Cornu, Tian-Hao Wang, Sebastian Kreutzer, Pascal Bertran, Mathieu Bosq, Olivier Moine, Nora Pfaffner, Annette Kadereit, Daniela Sauer, and Lars Zipf
Subjects: Optically stimulated luminescence, Loess, Geochemistry, Paleosol, Geology
Abstract: Loess-palaeosol sequences are most important archives for reconstructing terrestrial palaeoenvironments. However, in the European Mediterranean, these archives are surprisingly scarcely investigated. In southern France, respective sediment-soil archives were last investigated in more detail in the middle of the last century, when major construction works in the region provided access to numerous loess exposures. However, this was before the breakthrough of luminescence-dating as a major chronometric method for the Later Pleistocene. Thus, the loess was poorly dated. Later, Mediterranean loess archives attracted fewer researchers than their central-European counterparts. Reasons for this may be that, compared to the loess belt of temperate Europe, Mediterranean loess deposits are often reworked and mixed with slope deposits. Moreover, palaeosols that developed during climate ameliorations of the last glacial period seem to reflect less pronounced temperature and humidity shifts than those in temperate regions. The most prominent palaeosol developed within the last-glacial loess in the Rhône Valley is a brown palaeosol with large carbonate concretions at its base. However, it is usually severely truncated.We allocated joint research efforts from groups in Germany and France to track last-glacial sedimentation and climate shifts in loess-palaeosol sections along the Rhône Valley, south of the confluence of the River Saone at Lyon. Thereby, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating serves as a vital tool for establishing chronometries for the loess-palaeosol sections in southern France, with first results from the Rhône Valley in Bosq et al. (2018, 2020). We summarize results from two sites that are regarded as key sections for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction along the Rhône Valley as evaluated from inspections during fieldwork, complemented by several smaller sections. Our presentation focusses on challenges met with OSL dating attempts of these Mediterranean archives and first achievements in backing the stratigraphies established by sediment-soil analyses in the field and laboratory by chronometric data.ReferencesBosq, M., Bertran, P., Degeai, J.-P., Kreutzer, S., Queffelec, A., Moine, O., Morin, E., 2018. Last Glacial aeolian landforms and deposits in the Rhône Valley (SE France): Spatial distribution and grain-size characterization. Geomorphology 318, 1–20. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.06.010Bosq, M., Kreutzer, S., Bertran, P., Degeai, J.-P., Dugas, P., Kadereit, A., Lanos, P., Moine, O., Pfaffner, N., Queffelec, A., Sauer, D., 2020. Chronostratigraphy of two Late Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequences in the Rhône Valley (southeast France). Quaternary Science Reviews 245, 106473. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106473
Published: 2021
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17. Pedological characteristics of artificialized soils: A snapshot

Author: Béatrice Bechet, Christophe Schwartz, Sophie Cornu, Catherine Keller, Cécile Delolme, Laure Vidal-Beaudet, Plateforme de géochimie isotopique ASTER-CEREGE, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Gustave Eiffel, École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Université de Lorraine (UL), INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and MUSE and SUPRA projects (funding by ADEM)
Subjects: Artificialization, Earth science, Anthropogenic impact, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), Ecosystem services, Urban soils, Industrial soils, Mining soils, Recreation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Topsoil, Land use, Traffic soils, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Soil type, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Recreational soils, Soil properties
Abstract: International audience; The onset of industrialization entailed the increase in soil artificialization worldwide. Soils from artificialized zones (SAZ) are the result of urban, industrial, traffic, mining or recreational land use. Knowledge of their characteristics is a prerequisite for evaluating the ability of SAZ to perform key functions and provide soil ecosystem services. Based on a selection of 102 papers published between 1991 and 2017, this article aims at providing a quantitative vision of the pedological characteristics of the different categories of SAZs as a function of the land use and soil type (natural profile, soil developed on allochthonous material). We show that, overall, the inherent characteristics of SAZ topsoil generally depend on the soil type - soil of allochthonous material being more stony and poorer in the < 2 mu m fraction - while manageable characteristics are a function of both the soil type and the land use, with the exception of pH that is mainly driven by the land use. However, a good characterization of SAZs requires a more systematic description, sampling and analysis to obtain comprehensive knowledge of their characteristics as several features are still too rarely measured such as cationic exchange capacity, electrical conductivity, soil depth, and nutrient concentrations. Sealed soils are still too rarely considered despite their large surface area. Such a characterization would allow a better management of the ecosystem services that SAZs fulfill.
Published: 2021
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18. Agriculture increases the bioavailability of silicon, a beneficial element for crop, in temperate soils

Author: Manon Caubet, Sophie Cornu, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Nicolas Saby, InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, lcsh:Medicine, Weathering, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Article, Crop, Temperate climate, lcsh:Science, 2. Zero hunger, Topsoil, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Biogeochemistry, Bioavailability, Environmental sciences, Agronomy, Agriculture, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Clay minerals, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Crops may take benefits from silicon (Si) uptake in soil. Plant available Si (PAS) can be affected by natural weathering processes or by anthropogenic forces such as agriculture. The soil parameters that control the pool of PAS are still poorly documented, particularly in temperate climates. In this study, we documented PAS in France, based on statistical analysis of Si extracted by CaCl2 (SiCaCl2) and topsoil characteristics from an extensive dataset. We showed that cultivation increased SiCaCl2 for soils developed on sediments, that cover 73% of France. This increase is due to liming for non-carbonated soils on sediments that are slightly acidic to acidic when non-cultivated. The analysis performed on non-cultivated soils confirmed that SiCaCl2 increased with the −1. This increase may be explained by the CaCl2.
Published: 2020
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19. Combining wavelets with statistical inference to map the mineralogical composition of pedological features from synchrotron X-ray diffraction data

Author: Romain van den Bogaert, David Montagne, Claude Manté, Daniel Borschneck, Sophie Cornu, Cécilia Cammas, Cristian Mocuta, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Archéologie des Sociétés Méditerranéennes (ASM), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), ANR-10-BLAN-0605,AGRIPED,Caractérisation, quantification et modélistion de l'impact de l'usage des terres sur un processus majeur d'évolution des sols : le lessivage.(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: Diffraction, Signal processing, Materials science, Clay translocation, General Chemical Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Mineralogy, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Microscopic scale, law.invention, Data acquisition, law, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], General Materials Science, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Pedogenesis, General Engineering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Synchrotron, Characterization (materials science), Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Clay minerals, Filtering, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Clay translocation is among the most widespread processes in soils. It is generally identified by the presence of clay coatings at the macroscopic or microscopic scales. Nevertheless, several authors demonstrated that clay coatings have different origins, which renders the attribution of individual coatings to a particular process difficult. Therefore, their characterization at the microscopic scale is necessary. Modern synchrotron technics allow mapping of the mineral composition of soil thin sections by X-ray diffraction with a lateral resolution of a few micrometres that is compatible with the size of the clay coatings. However, the use of this technic raises a certain number of technical difficulties when clay minerals and small pixel size are considered. Therefore a preliminary feasibility analysis was performed on soil coating obtained experimentally in a soil column Claude Manté et al. experiment. We developped a mathematical/statistical method to automatically identify and map the minerals present in synchrotron X-ray diffraction maps. This method combines a subtraction of the background signal, an identification of the diffraction peaks and the attribution of the obtained peaks to the different minerals phases. The robustness of the method was tested for the two first steps that were critical. We then showed that most of the minerals present in the considered samples could be identified, including clay minerals and Fe oxides; however, their relative proportions were difficult to estimate within the experimental conditions. As a conclusion, we proposed here a new mathematical method for the data treatment of synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Our study shows that this method could be applied on natural heterogeneous samples with data of poor quality to perform robust qualitative analysis. Moreover, with the recently available fast data acquisition schemes, large amounts of datasets (diffractograms) can be rapidly acquired, and are expected to benefit of the automatic data treatment approach proposed here.
Published: 2020
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20. Editorial: Soil Evolution and Sustainability

Author: David Montagne, Sophie Cornu, Luca Montanarella, Christina Bogner, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Cologne, JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, MathematicsofComputing_GENERAL, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, InformationSystems_GENERAL, Environmental protection, soil quality, soil services, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Environmental sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, lcsh:GE1-350, Global change, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, pedogenesis, Soil quality, Pedogenesis, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], soil protection, Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil protection
Abstract: International audience; Editorial
Published: 2020
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21. Do climate and land use affect the pool of total silicon concentration? A digital soil mapping approach of French topsoils

Author: Sophie Cornu, Céline Ratié, Annie Guérin, Manon Caubet, Nicolas Saby, Dominique Arrouays, Amélia Landre, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), InfoSol (InfoSol), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols (LAS), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Silicon, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Digital soil mapping, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, RMQS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Land use, Crust, Silica, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, France, Earth (classical element)
Abstract: International audience; Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust after O. Its concentration in soils is highly variable from
Published: 2020
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22. Retention of $^{10}$Be, $^{137}$Cs and $^{210}$Pb$_{xs}$ in soils: Impact of physico-chemical characteristics

Author: Didier Bourlès, Félix de Tombeur, Julie Pupier, Michel Brossard, Adrien Duvivier, Sophie Cornu, Olivier Evrard, Team Aster, Université de Liège, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Extrèmes : Statistiques, Impacts et Régionalisation (ESTIMR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ANR-14-CE01-0004,DEDYCAS,Le carbone des sols, système dynamique dépendant de la profondeur : nouveaux concepts, mesures et modélisation(2014), ANR-10-BLAN-0605,AGRIPED,Caractérisation, quantification et modélistion de l'impact de l'usage des terres sur un processus majeur d'évolution des sols : le lessivage.(2010), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Soil Science, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Soil pH, Tracers, Cosmogenic nuclides, Fallout, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Leptosol, Radionuclides, Radionuclide, Soil classification, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Podzol, Andosol, Bearing phases, Leaching (pedology), Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Transfers in soils
Abstract: International audience; The $^{10}$Be, $^{137}$Cs and $^{210}$Pb$_{xs}$ radionuclide fallout has been used for the last several decades to quantify various soil and geomorphological processes and their rates, on different time scales. However, a basic assumption of the studies relying on these radionuclides is that they have a strong affinity for soil particles and that their mobility in soil solution and losses through leaching can be neglected. Another area of the scientific literature deals with the radionuclide mobility in soils as solute. In that context, the objective of this work is to determine the pedological conditions under which this hypothesis of poor solute mobility of radionuclides is valid. To this end, meteoric $^{10}$Be, $^{137}$Cs and $^{210}$Pb$_{xs}$ concentrations were measured in six soil profiles representative of 5 soil types contrasted in terms of physico-chemical properties: an Andosol and a Luvisol under pasture, a Ferralsol and a Leptosol under forest and a Podzol both under forest and cultivation. The main soil properties (soil pH, organic carbon (OC) content, particle size distribution and specific extractions) were measured. The
Published: 2020
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23. WITHDRAWN: Didier L. Bourlès (1955–2021), the 5 MV cosmogenic rock star…

Author: Nicolas Thouveny, Irene Schimmelpfennig, Anne-Elisabeth Lebatard, Bruno Hamelin, Swann Zerathe, Vincent Godard, Régis Braucher, Robert C. Finkel, Erik T. Brown, Vincent Regard, Mark D. Kurz, Georges Aumaître, Chris German, Quentin Simon, Sophie Cornu, Pierre-Henri Blard, Julien Carcaillet, Christopher I. Measures, Silke Merchel, Felix Martin Hofmann, Lionel Siame, Karim Keddadouche, David Fink, David Palacios, Vincent Jomelli, Sébastien Carretier, and Friedhelm von Blanckenburg
Subjects: Stratigraphy, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Astronomy, Geology, Star (graph theory)
Published: 2021
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24. Can Fe isotope fractionations trace the pedogenetic mechanisms involved in podzolization?

Author: Loick Bechon, Jean-Thomas Cornélis, Sophie Cornu, Zuzana Fekiacova, Marie-Liesse Vermeire, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Gembloux Agrobiotech, Soil Water Plant Exchanges BIOSE, Université de Liège, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Chronosequence, Soil Science, Mineralogy, dissolution minérale, Fractionation, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, fractionnement isotopique, 01 natural sciences, Isotope fractionation, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, propriété du sol, Dissolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, podzolisation, modélisation pédogénétique, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Podzol, Pedogenesis, Environmental chemistry, isotopic fractionation, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Soil horizon, Geology
Abstract: Stable Fe isotopes have shown the potential for tracing pedogenetic processes. Large isotopic fractionations were especially observed in Podzols. Nevertheless, a clear link between isotopic fractionation and elementary processes still needs to be established. To spatially distinguish the mechanisms successively involved in pedogenesis, we studied a podzolic chronosequence from Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada). We analyzed depth variations in soil properties (pH, particle size fractions, organic carbon, Si/Al ratio, Zr, Ti), Fe concentrations in different Fe pools, and Fe isotopic compositions. The Si/Al ratio, Zr, and Ti demonstrated that the Cox Bay Podzols developed from the same parental material, satisfying the requirements of a chronosequence. We showed that acidification, to a pH of 4.7, was a prerequisite for the start of podzolization. This first phase took place after 270 years. Furthermore, we observed that once the required pH was reached (4.7), podzolization occurred rapidly over 50 years. We found that Fe isotope fractionation in the A/E horizon was linked to mineral dissolution, while in the podzolic B horizons this fractionation was clearly associated with the accumulation of Fe-organic complexes and poorly crystalline Fe oxyhydroxides.
Published: 2017
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25. Including Stable Carbon Isotopes to Evaluate the Dynamics of Soil Carbon in the Land‐Surface Model ORCHIDEE

Author: Bertrand Guenet, Josep Peñuelas, Marta Camino-Serrano, Jérôme Balesdent, Sophie Cornu, Christine Hatté, Marwa Tifafi, CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-14-CE01-0004 DeDyCAS, ANR-10 Blanc 605-AGRIPED], European Research CouncilEuropean Research Council (ERC) [ERC- 2013-SyG-610028 IMBALANCE-P], European Project: 641816,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,CRESCENDO(2015), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB)
Subjects: Informatics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, land surface model, Carbon Cycling, Atmospheric sciences, Biogeosciences, 01 natural sciences, Soils/Pedology, Biogeochemical Kinetics and Reaction Modeling, Oceanography: Biological and Chemical, lcsh:GC1-1581, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Research Articles, Stable isotopes, Global and Planetary Change, δ13C, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biogeochemistry, Physical Modeling, Isotopes of carbon, Atmospheric Processes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Land surface model, Cryosphere, Biogeochemical Cycles, Processes, and Modeling, Research Article, stable isotopes, Land cover, Carbon cycle, Suess effect, lcsh:Oceanography, Land/Atmosphere Interactions, Paleoceanography, Environmental Chemistry, Ecosystem, Geodesy and Gravity, Global Change, lcsh:Physical geography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Soil organic carbon, Soil organic matter, Modeling, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, soil organic carbon, Mass Balance, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Soils, Hydrology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, lcsh:GB3-5030, Natural Hazards
Abstract: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a crucial component of the terrestrial carbon cycle and its turnover time in models is a key source of uncertainty. Studies have highlighted the utility of δ13C measurements for benchmarking SOC turnover in global models. We used 13C as a tracer within a vertically discretized soil module of a land‐surface model, Organising Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems‐ Soil Organic Matter (ORCHIDEE‐SOM). Our new module represents some of the processes that have been hypothesized to lead to a 13C enrichment with soil depth as follows: 1) the Suess effect and CO2 fertilization, 2) the relative 13C enrichment of roots compared to leaves, and 3) 13C discrimination associated with microbial activity. We tested if the upgraded soil module was able to reproduce the vertical profile of δ13C within the soil column at two temperate sites and the short‐term change in the isotopic signal of soil after a shift in C3/C4 vegetation. We ran the model over Europe to test its performance at larger scale. The model was able to simulate a shift in the isotopic signal due to short‐term changes in vegetation cover from C3 to C4; however, it was not able to reproduce the overall vertical profile in soil δ13C, which arises as a combination of short and long‐term processes. At the European scale, the model ably reproduced soil CO2 fluxes and total SOC stock. These findings stress the importance of the long‐term history of land cover for simulating vertical profiles of δ13C. This new soil module is an emerging tool for the diagnosis and improvement of global SOC models., Key Points Soil 13C was incorporated as a tracer in the land surface model ORCHIDEE‐SOMThe model was able to reproduce short‐term changes such as those observed after a shift in C3/C4 vegetationLong‐term changes in δ13C were more difficult to represent, highlighting the importance of some missing mechanisms
Published: 2019
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26. Rôle du silicium dans la culture du blé en France : biodisponibilité, bioaccumulation et effet sur les rendements

Author: Jean-Dominique Meunier, Saby, Nicolas P. A., Ada Ackerman, Angeletti, B., Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Borschneck, D., Manon Caubet, Perrine Chaurand, Sophie Cornu, Delvigne, C., Grauby, O., Guérin, A., Catherine Keller, Doris Barboni, Landré, A., Levard, C., Patricia Merdy, Neytard, C., Oliva, P., Frédéric Ouedraogo, Pokrovsky, O., Proix, N., Céline Ratié, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols (LAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

27. Impact of agriculture on silicon availability in soils: a paired site approach

Author: UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Sophie Cornu, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Doris Barboni, Delvigne, Camille, Fréderic Ouedraogo, Catherine Keller, Daniel Borschneck, Yves Lucas, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Sophie Cornu, Jean-Dominique Meunier, Doris Barboni, Delvigne, Camille, Fréderic Ouedraogo, Catherine Keller, Daniel Borschneck, and Yves Lucas
Published: 2019

28. Evolution of Retisol impacted by artificial drainage: What can we learn from stable Fe isotope ratios?

Author: A. Duvivier, David Montagne, Zuzana Fekiacova, Pierre Deschamps, Sophie Cornu, Abel Guihou, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and INRAEEQUIPEX ASTER-CEREGE project
Subjects: Goethite, Soil Science, Fractionation, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ferrihydrite, Isotope fractionation, Fe isotopes, Mineral, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Redox processes, Isotope, Chemistry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Soil type, Eluviation, Environmental chemistry, visual_art, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Drainage, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Clay minerals
Abstract: Iron oxides are one of the most reactive mineral phases in soils. As a consequence, their transformations can considerably affect the dynamics of the adsorbed elements and of the associated soil ecosystem services. Understanding the dynamics of Fe oxides in soils is therefore a key issue for the evolution of soil and associated ecosystem services. A potentially powerful tool to study the transformations of Fe-oxides in soil is stable Fe isotopes. However, there are still important gaps in our knowledge of Fe isotope fractionations. In order to examine the Fe isotope fractionations related to each process occurring in soils, we focused on a drainage-influenced sequence of Retisols, a soil type characterized by clay translocation and subsequent degradation by redox processes inducing a strong spatial Fe segregation in contrasted soil volumes. We combined the isotopic approach at the scale of a bulk horizon and at the scale of the different soil volumes, with mineralogical analyses and mass balance calculations in order to investigate the consequences of the drainage on Fe isotope fractionation. We showed that while there were no Fe isotope fractionations at the profile scale, Fe isotopic signatures varied significantly among soil volumes (delta Fe-56 values from -0.49 +/- 0.05 to 0.29 +/- 0.06 parts per thousand). These variations suggest that redox processes are the main mechanisms responsible for the Fe redistribution among the volumes, and particularly that Fe accumulation during Mn oxide precipitation makes a significant contribution to Fe isotopic fractionation, during these Retisol differentiation. In contrast, drainage-induced eluviation does not result in further Fe isotope fractionations in soil volumes in these Retisols. The isotopic signatures of the different mineral phases present in the volumes were calculated using the mass balance approach and suggest that the iron oxides (goethite, ferrihydrite) have delta Fe-56 values close to 0 parts per thousand, while the clay minerals are enriched in heavy Fe isotopes and the Mn oxides in light Fe isotopes. This study provides insight into the dynamics of Fe minerals in hydromorphic soils and offers a new perspective on stable Fe isotope fractionation in soils.
Published: 2021
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29. Evaluating SoilGen2 as a tool for projecting soil evolution induced by global change

Author: Saba Keyvanshokouhi, Anatja Samouëlian, Sophie Cornu, Peter Finke, Unité de recherche Géochimie des Sols et des Eaux (URGSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Department of Geology and Soil Science, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Soil science, 01 natural sciences, modelling, Environmental Chemistry, Precipitation, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Waste Management and Disposal, agriculture, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, land use, Global change, luvisols, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, pedogenesis, 15. Life on land, Pollution, Bulk density, Tillage, climate change, Pedogenesis, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; To protect soils against threats, it is necessary to predict the consequences of human activities and global change on their evolution on a ten to hundred year time scale. Mechanistic modelling of soil evolution is then a useful tool. We analysed the ability of the SoilGen model to be used for projections of soil characteristics associated to various soil threats: vertical distributions of
Published: 2016
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30. Changes in the pathway and the intensity of albic material genesis: Role of agricultural practices

Author: Sophie Cornu, Isabelle Cousin, David Montagne, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Unité de Science du Sol (Orléans) (URSols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche de Science du Sol d'Orléans (UR SOLS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: oxydo-reduction, Soil Science, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Genetic pathways, Natural (archaeology), Drainage, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, quantitative pedogenesis, business.industry, anthropic driving forces, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, eluviation, 15. Life on land, Agriculture, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, business, Intensity (heat transfer)
Abstract: International audience; Albic material is a widespread soil diagnostic material. The genesis of albic materials is known to be very sensitive to changes in environmental conditions resulting from natural or anthropic driving forces. Common agricultural practices like liming or drainage improvement are able to change the nature or the intensity of albic material genesis. The direction and the amplitude of such changes have however remained controversial because of a lack of quantitative approaches. In this paper, the intensity of the genesis of albic material was quantified in one forested Retisol and compared to those previously quantified in two limed and cropped soils sampled respectively far from and close to a drain line. Liming practices were found to decrease the intensity of the genesis of albic material by two thirds with reference to natural soil evolution under forest. Contrastingly, artificial drainage improvement initiated the development of physically-driven albic material genesis due to translocation of soil particles but without significant implication of any reduction process. The observed increase in the intensity of albic material genesis after artificial improvement was higher in the immediate vicinity of drains than was its decrease after liming applications. It was however the reverse for the rest of the soil between the drains. As a result, the overall effect of cultivation was a slowdown of the genesis of albic horizons by comparison to the natural evolution under forest. Such changes in both the nature and the intensity of albic material genesis clearly demonstrated that i) numerous genetic pathways may be simultaneously or successively active at a particular location, and ii) anthropic driving-forces like agricultural practices may be a way to favour one particular genetic pathway at the expense of another. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016
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31. Prediction of total silicon concentrations in French soils using pedotransfer functions from mid-infrared spectrum and pedological attributes

Author: Marion Bardy, Sophie Cornu, Jean-Dominique Meunier, A. Etayo, Amélia Landre, Céline Ratié, Annie Guérin, Bernard Barthès, Budiman Minasny, Nicolas Saby, Séquestration du carbone et bio- fonctionnement des sols : effets des modes de gestion des agro-écosystèmes tropicaux (SEQBIO), Station de recherches porcines, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Sydney, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), InfoSol (InfoSol), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire d'Analyses des Sols (LAS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French ANR BioSiSol project (ANR-14-CE01-0002), GIS Sol, IFN ( French National forest inventory), ADEME, IRD, INRA, ANR-14-CE01-0002,BioSiSol,Statut de Si dans les sols et modélisation de sa biodisponibilité: les sols français fournissent-ils assez de Si pour la culture de céréales?(2014), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Silicon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil science, Regression tree, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Pedotransfer function, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Mid-infrared spectra, Cation-exchange capacity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, Soil monitoring, Silica, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Perturbation (geology), Soil quality, chemistry, FTIR, Digital soil mapping, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Diffuse reflectance, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element of the Earth's crust, and its terrestrial cycle depends on soil, vegetation, and human activities. The spatial extent of terrestrial Si perturbation is poorly documented since maps of Si concentration in soils are rare. In addition, Si content is rarely measured in non-paddy soil databases. Here we demonstrate that pedotransfer functions based on either pedological attributes (particle size fraction, pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, calcium carbonate and parent material) or mid infrared spectra (MIRS) can be used to accurately predict total Si concentration. In this research, we utilised a unique dataset from the French monitoring network of soil quality (RMQS - Réseau de Mesures de la Qualité des Sols) database. Pedotransfer functions were built using a regression tree model on a subset of the data for which total Si concentration was measured. To compare the relative performance of the models obtained for the two different sources of data, a suite of performance indicators were calculated. Our results showed that PTF based on MIR spectra produces highly accurate and precise estimates of the total Si concentration for French soils. The pedological PTF is less accurate, but still provides a good estimation of the Si concentration. The pedological PTF provides an alternative method when only basic soil data are available, and an approximate estimation of Si concentrations is sufficient. These PTFs can be readily applied at the European scale except on a few soil groups not represented in France.
Published: 2018
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32. The use of radiocarbon 14C to constrain carbon dynamics in the soil module of the land surface model ORCHIDEE (SVN r5165)

Author: Marwa Tifafi, Marta Camino-Serrano, Christine Hatté, Hector Morras, Lucas Moretti, Sebastián Barbaro, Sophie Cornu, Bertrand Guenet, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona (CREAF), université de Barcelone, Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Soils, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 15. Life on land, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Panoply, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Despite the importance of soil as a large component of the terrestrial ecosystems, the 18 soil compartments are not well represented in the Land Surface Models (LSMs). Indeed, soils 19 in current LSMs are generally represented based on a very simplified schema that can induce a 20 misrepresentation of the deep dynamics of soil carbon. Here, we present a new version of the 21 IPSL-Land Surface Model called ORCHIDEE-SOM, incorporating the 14 C dynamic in the soil. 22 ORCHIDEE-SOM, first, simulates soil carbon dynamics for different layers, down to 2 m 23 depth. Second, concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and its transport are modeled. 24 Finally, soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition is considered taking into account the priming 25 effect. 26 After implementing the 14 C in the soil module of the model, we evaluated model outputs against 27 observations of soil organic carbon and 14 C activity (F 14 C) for different sites with different 28 characteristics. The model managed to reproduce the soil organic carbon stocks and the F 14 C 29 along the vertical profiles. However, an overestimation of the total carbon stock was noted, but 30 was mostly marked on the surface. Then, thanks to the introduction of 14 C, it has been possible 31 to highlight an underestimation of the age of carbon in the soil. Thereafter, two different tests 32 on this new version have been established. The first was to increase carbon residence time of 33 the passive pool and decrease the flux from the slow pool to the passive pool. The second was 34 to establish an equation of diffusion, initially constant throughout the profile, making it vary 35 exponentially as a function of depth. The first modifications did not improve the capacity of the 36 model to reproduce observations whereas the second test showed a decrease of the soil carbon 37 stock overestimation, especially at the surface and an improvement of the estimates of the 38 carbon age. This assumes that we should focus more on vertical variation of soil parameters as 39 a function of depth, mainly for diffusion, in order to upgrade the representation of global carbon 40 cycle in LSMs, thereby helping to improve predictions of the future response of soil organic 41 carbon to global warming.
Published: 2018
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33. Atmosphere–soil carbon transfer as a function of soil depth

Author: Joël Chadoeuf, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Zuzana Fekiacova, Delphine Derrien, Sophie Cornu, Jérôme Balesdent, Christine Hatté, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dedycas 14-CE01-0004, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE UR-1138 ANR-11-LABX-0002-01, project Equipex Aster-CEREGE ANR-10-EQPX-24, ANR-14-CE01-0004,DEDYCAS,Le carbone des sols, système dynamique dépendant de la profondeur : nouveaux concepts, mesures et modélisation(2014), ANR-10-EQPX-0024,ASTER-CEREGE,PLATEFORME DE GEOCHIMIE ISOTOPIQUE ASTER/CEREGE(2010), ANR-11-LABX-0002,ARBRE,Recherches Avancées sur l'Arbre et les Ecosytèmes Forestiers(2011), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-EQPX-0024/10-EQPX-0024,ASTER-CEREGE,PLATEFORME DE GEOCHIMIE ISOTOPIQUE ASTER/CEREGE(2010), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, Datasets as Topic, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil science, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Soil, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Organic matter, Biomass, Subsoil, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Carbon Isotopes, Tropical Climate, Topsoil, Multidisciplinary, Atmosphere, Temperature, Agriculture, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Grassland, Carbon, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil horizon, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract: International audience; The exchange of carbon between soil organic carbon (SOC) and the atmosphere affects the climate1,2 and—because of the importance of organic matter to soil fertility—agricultural productivity3. The dynamics of topsoil carbon has been relatively well quantified4, but half of the soil carbon is located in deeper soil layers (below 30 centimetres)5,6,7, and many questions remain regarding the exchange of this deep carbon with the atmosphere8. This knowledge gap restricts soil carbon management policies and limits global carbon models1,9,10. Here we quantify the recent incorporation of atmosphere-derived carbon atoms into whole-soil profiles, through a meta-analysis of changes in stable carbon isotope signatures at 112 grassland, forest and cropland sites, across different climatic zones, from 1965 to 2015. We find, in agreement with previous work5,6, that soil at a depth of 30–100 centimetres beneath the surface (the subsoil) contains on average 47 per cent of the topmost metre’s SOC stocks. However, we show that this subsoil accounts for just 19 per cent of the SOC that has been recently incorporated (within the past 50 years) into the topmost metre. Globally, the median depth of recent carbon incorporation into mineral soil is 10 centimetres. Variations in the relative allocation of carbon to deep soil layers are better explained by the aridity index than by mean annual temperature. Land use for crops reduces the incorporation of carbon into the soil surface layer, but not into deeper layers. Our results suggest that SOC dynamics and its responses to climatic control or land use are strongly dependent on soil depth. We propose that using multilayer soil modules in global carbon models, tested with our data, could help to improve our understanding of soil–atmosphere carbon exchange.
Published: 2018
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34. Soluble and colloidal translocation of Al, Fe, Si and Mn in an artificially drained French Retisol

Author: David Montagne, Adeline Ayzac, Sophie Cornu, Anatja Samouëlian, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de Science du Sol (Orléans) (URSols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de Recherche de Science du Sol d'Orléans (UR SOLS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Clay translocation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Manganese, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid, Translocation in soluble form, Dissolution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pedogenesis, Soil water monitoring, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Silicate, Deposition (aerosol physics), chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Reducing conditions, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Ferrolysis, Saturation (chemistry)
Abstract: Soil evolution results from both solute and colloid/particle translocation, but their relative importance in terms of soil formation is still under debate. The genesis of albic material in Retisols represents an ideal case to quantify the relative contribution of these two forms of transport in soil evolution since it results from i) clay eluviation, ii) reductive solubilisation of Fe oxides, and possibly iii) silicate hydrolysis. This issue seems particularly challenging in cultivated Retisols in which detailed analysis of the soil solid phases has demonstrated that artificial drainage and liming alter the genetic pathway of albic material both qualitatively and quantitatively.In the present study, we characterised the chemistry (pH, Eh, Al, Si, Fe and Mn) and dynamics of soil water and its evolution with increasing distance from the drain. Rainfall water, soil solution at water saturation in the E&Bt horizon and drainage water were sampled by an open rainfall collector, piezometers located at different distances from the drain, and an automatic water collector located at the main drain outlet, respectively.An element budget at the profile level revealed that only Si was lost from the soil profile while the leaching losses of Al, Fe and Mn were overcompensated by deposition from the atmosphere. The constant Fe/Al concentration ratios in piezometers and drain waters as well as the breakthrough curves at the drain outlet for individual rainfall events suggested that Fe and Al were exported together and mainly in colloidal form. While this was also partly true for Si, a longer tailing of the Si than the Fe and Al breakthrough curves indicated that Si was additionally transported in soluble form. Lastly, the temporal variation of the Mn concentrations was unrelated to that of the other elements, pointing to the predominance of translocation in soluble form. All these results demonstrated that: i) particle/colloidal translocation is more important than translocation in soluble form in a drained Retisol; ii) reductive solubilisation of Fe and Mn oxides still occurred, in spite of the artificial drainage; iii) processes such as wet and dry deposition, dissolution of quartz or ferrolysis also contribute to element budgets in Retisols, at least at some microsites and in some years.
Published: 2018
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35. Can SOC modelling be improved by accounting for pedogenesis?

Author: Christine Hatté, Emmanuel Opolot, Sebastian Doetterl, Jennifer W. Harden, Elizabeth K. Williams, Sophie Cornu, Pascal Boeckx, Asmeret Asefaw Berhe, Jérôme Balesdent, Peter Finke, Department of Soil Management, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of California [Merced], University of California, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Augsburg [Augsburg], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Merced] (UC Merced), University of California (UC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mean squared error, Chronosequence, Weathering, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Modelling, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Pedogenesis, Soil organic carbon, Soil organic matter, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, chemistry, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Information level, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Recent findings suggest that soil organic carbon mineralization and stabilization depend to a substantial degree on the soil geochemistry and the degree of weathering. We hypothesized that this dependence can be translated to decay rate modifiers in a model context, and used data from the Merced chronosequence (CA, U.S.A., 100 yr-3 Myr), representing a weathering sequence, to test, on a 1000-year time scale for model spin-up, a simple soil organic carbon (SOC) model based on the RothC26.3 model concepts. Model performance was tested for four levels of information: (1) known decay rates for each model SOC pool at individual chronosequence locations, obtained by calibrating the model to measured SOC-fractions and measured site-specific C-inputs; (2) average decay rates for each SOC-pool, corrected per location with rate modifiers based on geochemical proxies and measured site-specific C-inputs; (3) uncorrected average decay rates per SOC-pool and measured site-specific C-inputs; (4) uncorrected average decay rates per SOC-pool and averaged C-inputs. A lumped root mean square error (RMSE) statistic was calculated for each information level. We found that using local measurements of fresh C-input led to a decrease in RMSE of near 15% relative to information level (4). Applying geochemical rate modifiers led to a further reduction of 20%. Thus, we conclude that there is a benefit of including geo-chemical rate modifiers in this SOC-model. We repeated this analysis for a five-pool and a four-pool SOC model that either included or excluded an inert organic matter pool. In terms of the lumped RMSE both models performed similarly, but by comparing measured and simulated percentage Modern Carbon (pMC) for bulk SOC we concluded that measured pMC was best approximated using a four-pool SOC model (without an Inert Organic Matter pool). Furthermore, it is likely that a five-pool model including a very slowly decaying pool would further improve model performance.
Published: 2018
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36. Quantity and Quality of Dispersed Fine Particles after the Low-Energy Water-Dispersible Soil Test: Impact of the Initial Soil Matrix Potential

Author: Laurence Quénard, Isabelle Cousin, Anatja Samouëlian, Sophie Cornu, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de Science du Sol (Orléans) (URSols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-Blanc 605, ANR-10-BLAN-0605,AGRIPED,Caractérisation, quantification et modélistion de l'impact de l'usage des terres sur un processus majeur d'évolution des sols : le lessivage.(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), UR 0272 Unité Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Environnement et Agronomie (E.A.)-Unité Science du Sol (USS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Soil test, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, Soil science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, soil, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, particles dispersion, Cation-exchange capacity, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water dispersible, Pollutant, Chemistry, low energy water dispersible test, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 6. Clean water, initial soil matrix condition, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Particle size, mineralogy, Clay minerals, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Transfer of
Published: 2018
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37. Sols artificialisés et processus d'artificialisation des sols : déterminants, impacts et leviers d'action. Synthèse

Author: Béatrice Bechet, Yves Le Bissonnais, Anne Ruas, Anne Aguiléra, Hervé Andrieu, Eric Barbe, Philippe Billet, Jean Cavailhes, Marianne Cohen, Sophie Cornu, Laetitia Dablanc, Cécile Delolme, Ghislain Geniaux, Mickaël Hedde, Catherine Mering, Marjorie Musy, Mario Polèse, Christiane Weber, Antoine Frémont, Sophie Le Perchec, Bertrand Schmitt, Isabelle Savini, Maylis Desrousseaux, Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville - FR 2488 (IRSTV), Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-EC. ARCHIT. NANTES-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Instrumentation, Simulation et Informatique Scientifique (IFSTTAR/COSYS/LISIS), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Communauté Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Ville, Mobilité, Transport (LVMT ), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Ville Société (EVS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Espaces, Nature et Culture (ENeC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Systèmes Productifs, Logistique, Organisation des Transports et Travail (IFSTTAR/AME/SPLOTT), Communauté Université Paris-Est-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Unité de recherche d'Écodéveloppement (ECODEVELOPPEMENT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (PRODIG (UMR_8586 / UMR_D_215 / UM_115)), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes), Urbanisation Culture Société - INRS (INRS-UCS), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), DIST Délégation Information Scientifique et Technique (DV-IST), Délégation à l'Expertise scientifique collective, à la Prospective et aux Etudes (UAR), INRA, ESCo Artificialisation des sols, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Nantes (ENSA Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Processus, Politique et actions, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Impacts, Artificialisation des sols, Urbanisation, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, France, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Mesures, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Déterminants
Published: 2017

38. Quantification of vertical solid matter transfers in soils during pedogenesis by a multi-tracer approach

Author: Marianna Jagercikova, Didier Bourlès, Christine Hatté, Olivier Evrard, Jérôme Balesdent, Sophie Cornu, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Géochimie des Sols et des Eaux (URGSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), French National Research Agency (ANR) [ANR-10-BLANC-605], French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), INSU/CNRS, ANR through the 'Projets thematiques d'excellence' program for the 'Equipements d'excellence' ASTER-CEREGE action [ANR-10-EQPX-24-1], IRD, CEA, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Clay translocation, Stratigraphy, Soil science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, 0–2-μm fraction, Cosmonuclides, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, TRACER, Numerical modeling, Diffusion (business), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Organic carbon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Total organic carbon, Advection, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Pedogenesis, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, δ13C, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Particle, Fallout radionuclides, Bioturbation, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Purpose: Vertical transfer of solid matter in soils (bioturbation and translocation) is responsible for changes in soil properties over time through the redistribution of most of the soil constituents with depth. Such transfers are, however, still poorly quantified.Materials and methods: In this study, we examine matter transfer in four eutric Luvisols through an isotopic approach based on 137Cs, 210Pb(xs), and meteoric 10Be. These isotopes differ with respect to chemical behavior, input histories, and half-lives, which allows us to explore a large time range. Their vertical distributions were modeled by a diffusion-advection equation with depth-dependent parameters. We estimated a set of advection and diffusion coefficients able to simulate all isotope depth distributions and validated the resulting model by comparing the depth distribution of organic carbon (including 12/13C and 14C isotopes) and of the 0–2-μm particles with the data.Results and discussion: We showed that (i) the model satisfactorily reproduces the organic carbon, 13C, and 14C depth distributions, indicating that organic carbon content and age can be explained by transport without invoking depth-dependent decay rates; (ii) translocation partly explains the 0–2-μm particle accumulation in the Bt horizon; and (iii) estimates of diffusion coefficients that quantify the soil mixing rate by bioturbation are significantly higher for the studied plots than those obtained by ecological studies.Conclusions: This study presents a model capable of satisfactorily reproducing the isotopic profiles of several tracers and simulating the distribution of organic carbon and the translocation of 0–2-μm particles.
Published: 2017
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39. Response of copper concentrations and stable isotope ratios to artificial drainage in a French Retisol

Author: Marina Lazarov, David Montagne, Moritz Bigalke, Zuzana Fekiacova, Wolfgang Wilcke, Charirat Kusonwiriyawong, Sophie Cornu, Universität Bern [Bern], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut für Mineralogie [Hannover], Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Leibniz Universität Hannover=Leibniz University Hannover
Subjects: Bulk soil, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Soil science, Weathering, 010501 environmental sciences, Soil volumes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Soil water, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Retisol, Stable isotope ratio, Copper isotopes, Trace element, Sorption, 15. Life on land, Copper, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Redox conditions, Leaching (pedology), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Lessivation, Drainage
Abstract: International audience; Copper is a redox-sensitive trace element, which can be both, an essential micronutrient and a pollutant. We therefore analyzed Cu concentrations and stable isotope ratios (δ 65 Cu values) in a drained Retisol to trace the response of Cu to a changing hydrological regime and enhanced clay eluviation. The study soil was artificially drained 16 years before sampling resulting in macroscopically visible pedogenetic changes and is thus a suitable site to investigate the influence of pedogenetic processes on the fate of Cu. Samples were collected from all horizons along a trench at four distances from the drain: 0.6 m, 1.1 m, 2.1 m and 4.0 m. In the E & Bt horizon, four different soil volumes (ochre, pale brown, white-grey and black) were sampled at all four distances from the drain. Furthermore, we analyzed soil solutions sampled with piezometer, porous cups, and at the drain outlet. The Cu concentrations were lowest in the surface (Ap) horizons (6.5–8.5 μg g − 1) and increased with depth to the clay-rich Bt horizons (10.5–12 μg g − 1), because of clay eluviation and associated Cu transport. The δ 65 Cu values significantly decreased from the surface (Ap = −0.25 ± 0.07‰) to the deeper horizons, but showed no significant variation among the deeper horizons (− 0.41 ± 0.28‰) and no correlation with the clay content, indicating that clay eluviation did not significantly affect δ 65 Cu values. The isotopically heavier δ 65 Cu values in the Ap horizons can probably be explained by agricultural management practices like sludge application and fertilization. Close to the drain (position 0.6 m), Cu concentrations were depleted and the lighter Cu isotope was enriched (−0.91 ± 0.15‰) in the uppermost part of the E & Bt horizon. We attribute this to the changing redox conditions, caused by the lowering of the water level close to the drain. Copper concentrations in black and ochre volumes were significantly higher than in pale-brown and white-grey volumes. The black volume had significantly higher δ 65 Cu values than the ochre volume indicating preferential sorption/occlusion of the heavy Cu isotope by Fe oxides. Enhanced clay eluviation in bulk soil close to the drain and in specific soil volumes did not affect δ 65 Cu values. Cu concentrations (2.1–14 μg L − 1) and δ 65 Cu (0.04–0.42‰) values in water samples showed no clear relation with redox changes along the trench perpendicular to the drain. The enrichment of the heavy Cu isotope in the solution samples (Δ 65 Cu (soil-solution) = −0.61 ± 0.41) indicates that reductive Cu mobilization is not the main driver of Cu leaching, because this would preferentially mobilize isotopically light Cu. We conclude that the eluviation of the < 2 μm fraction, strongly controlled Cu concentrations, but had no discernible effect on δ 65 Cu values. The changing redox conditions did not seem to control Cu concentrations and the stable isotope distribution in most of the bulk soil, soil volumes and soil water. Instead, weathering, complexation of leached Cu, Cu application with fertilizers and sorption processes within the soil controlled its δ 65 Cu values.
Published: 2017
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40. Renouvellement du carbone profond des sols cultivés : une estimation par compilation de données isotopiques

Author: Jérôme Balesdent, Isabelle Basile-Doelsch, Joel Chadoeuf, Sophie Cornu, Zuzana Fekiacova, Sebastien Fontaine, Bertrand Guenet, Christine Hatte, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: C4 plants, Soil organic matter, Matière organique du sol, natural isotopes, subsoil, expérimentation au champ, plante en C4, field experimentation, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, sous-sol, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, isotope naturel
Abstract: International audience; Description of the subject. This study is an estimate of medium-term renewal (decades) of deep carbon in cultivated soils. Objectives. Sequestration of organic carbon in soils is a way to mitigate the global rise in CO2 and warming. Deep horizons (> 30 cm) contain about half of the soil organic carbon but, in agriculture, deep organic carbon and nitrogen are often neglected when the balance of these elements is calculated. Our goal in this study was to propose a quantification of deep C turnover. Method. We collected data from 41 profiles, where C turnover was studied using the natural C-13 labeling technique. The studied cropping systems were basically tropical and temperate C4 plant monocultures. Results. Deep carbon (30-100 cm) turnover was on average four times slower than in topsoil (0-30 cm), but renewal was significant. The average depth-distribution of the carbon flux to organic matter build- up was 81% in the layer at the 0-30 cm level and 19% in the layer at 30-100 cm, with a standard error of +/- 4%. Over the longer term (20 years), subsoil at 30-100 cm contained on average 23% of the recent soil carbon accumulated in the first meter. Conclusions. Deep organic matter should not be overlooked when considering the balance of C and N and we therefore propose a simple method for an initial first assessment. In the future, further estimates of the temporal evolution of the deep carbon stock and its factors of variation should be based on long-term agronomic experiments or modeling parameterized on heavily instrumented sites, and should be accompanied by detailed pedological descriptions.; Description du sujet. L'article présente une estimation du renouvellement à moyen terme (dizaines d'années) du carbone profond des sols cultivés.Objectifs. Le stockage de carbone sous forme organique dans les sols est un moyen de limiter l'augmentation du CO2 global et le réchauffement climatique. L'objectif est de proposer une première quantification du renouvellement des horizons profonds (> 30 cm) qui contiennent environ la moitié du carbone organique des sols.Méthode. Nous avons effectué une synthèse d'études de la dynamique du carbone de 41 profils où le renouvellement du carbone est quantifié grâce au traçage isotopique par les abondances naturelles en carbone-13.Résultats. Le renouvellement du carbone profond est en moyenne quatre fois plus lent qu'en surface, mais le flux de renouvellement n'est pas négligeable. La distribution moyenne du flux annuel d'apport de carbone aux matières organiques est de 81 % dans l'horizon 0 - 30 cm et 19 % dans la couche 30 - 100 cm, avec une erreur standard de ± 4 %. À plus long terme (20 ans), le sous-sol (30 - 100 cm) contient en moyenne 23 % du carbone récent du sol.Conclusions. Les matières organiques profondes ne doivent pas être négligées dans les bilans de C et N en réponse à différentes pratiques agricoles, et nous proposons une approximation simple pour ces bilans. Dans le futur, les estimations des évolutions temporelles du stock de carbone profond des sols et de leurs facteurs de variation devront s'appuyer sur les essais agronomiques de longue durée ou la modélisation calée sur des sites fortement instrumentés, et être accompagnées de descriptions pédologiques détaillées.
Published: 2017
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41. Assessing the usage potential of SoilGen2 to predict clay translocation under forest and agricultural land uses

Author: M. Suarez-Bonnet, Sophie Cornu, Bertrand Laroche, Peter Finke, and Anatja Samouëlian
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, Hydrology, Topsoil, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Macropore, Soil Science, Lessivage, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Albeluvisols, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Soil functions, Agricultural land, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Interception, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Long-term impacts of climate evolution and agricultural management on soil properties and thus soil functioning must be assessed by modelling studies. We focus on modelling of the clay depth distribution as a result of natural soil formation and agricultural management by using the soil genesis model SoilGen2 with loess-derived Luvisols in northern France. An essential first step is the calibration of the processes concerning clay leaching (lessivage) in this model, for which we propose a reproducible method consisting of a screening for a realistic parameter range, a sensitivity analysis and finally a model calibration. To be able to separate the effects of natural soil evolution and more recent agricultural activities, we calibrated the model firstly on natural soils still under forest. Four parameters were the most sensitive and in need of calibration, representing the volume fraction of the soil in contact with macropores, a filter coefficient and physical weathering producing clay-sized particles. These parameters were successfully calibrated, but independent validations at Belgian and Norwegian sites with Albeluvisols and Stagnosols developed in loess and marine clay did not always show an improvement on earlier calibrations. This can be related to several factors, most importantly the dominance of processes other than lessivage in Albeluvisols and uncertain reconstructions of the climate. After calibration, a functional sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the effect of agricultural management on lessivage. Clear effects on clay loss in the topsoil were found for the length of the crop-cover period and the ploughing depth and to a lesser extent for the intensity of soil mixing and the interception evaporation of the crops. As it is not feasible to reconstruct these factors for the entire period of agriculture in this region (several millennia), further analysis should take the form of scenario studies, but this should be preceded by use of field leaching experiments to calibrate SoilGen2 over short time-scales.
Published: 2014
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42. Vertical distributions of 137Cs in soils: a meta-analysis

Author: Marianna Jagercikova, Olivier Evrard, Christine Le Bas, and Sophie Cornu
Subjects: Hydrology, Soil characteristics, Pedogenesis, Soil test, Stratigraphy, Soil water, Northern Hemisphere, Soil science, Soil surface, 15. Life on land, Bioturbation, Geology, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The vertical distribution of 137Cs—an artificial fallout radionuclide—is controlled by soil characteristics and processes that may differ among soil groups. The application of a single modelling approach to large number of soil profiles provides an original contribution to the literature and allows for comparison between these different soil groups. In order to quantify 137Cs migration in soils, we compiled and modelled depth-distributed data documented in the literature published before 2013. The resulting database comprised ninety-nine 137Cs profiles sampled in 14 soil groups of the World Reference Base (WRB) classification (FAO 1998) under different land uses or covers and collected at various geographical locations in the Northern hemisphere between 1992 and 2007. The 137Cs profiles were classified in seven different categories according to the shape and location of radiocaesium peak. Depth of the latter ranged between 0 and 12 cm (median of 2 cm) and maximal penetration of cesium reached from 12 to 60 cm. The 137Cs depth distributions in these soils were fitted using a diffusion-convection equation to allow comparison between different soil groups. Diffusion coefficients ranged from 0.02 to 4.44 cm2 years−1 in soils (median of 0.64 cm2 year−1), and convection velocities varied from 0 to 0.74 cm year−1 (median of 0.1 cm year−1). The model underestimated 137Cs concentrations by a median value of 1.9 % of the total inventory in soil samples collected below a 13-cm depth. Global 137Cs penetration velocities ranged from 0.05 to 0.76 cm year−1 (median of 0.28 cm year−1) over a 25-year period. Our results showed that modelling 137Cs depth profile with a diffusion-convection equation allowed estimating the bioturbation and clay translocation velocity in a certain number of soil groups. This quantification is crucial as these processes partially control the development of soil surface characteristics and several soil services.
Published: 2014
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43. To which extent do rain interruption periods affect colloid retention in macroporous soils?

Author: Eric Michel, Sophie Cornu, Romain van den Bogaert, Unité de recherche Géochimie des Sols et des Eaux (URGSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This work was funded by the ANR 2010 Blanc-605 AGRIPED grant. One of us (R.v.d.B.) was supported in part by the Provence Alpe Cote d'Azur region. We are grateful to the Montpellier RIO-imaging platform engineers C. Mongellaz and M. Boyer who helped us with the design and execution of the FCM experiments, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Irrigation, colloid retention, colloid mobilization, Soil Science, Soil science, 010501 environmental sciences, water reuse, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Matrix (geology), Colloid, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, macropore, Hydrology, Macropore, Chemistry, undisturbed soil, clay translocation, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Reclaimed water, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Absorption (chemistry), Porous medium, preferential flow
Abstract: International audience; Colloid retention in soils has mainly been studied in model homogeneous porous media, and during single irrigation events. However, in the field, colloidal suspensions flow through a small number of preferential flow paths, and the soil experiences succession of rainfalls, interrupted by dry periods. We therefore performed series of successive rainfalls (21 mm h(-1)) on three decimetric undisturbed luvisol E-horizon cores to systematically study the impact of the rainfall interruption duration (RID) on retention. Successive rains were doped with 0.5 mu m fluorescent microspheres of different colors. Microsphere release at the base of the soil column was monitored by flow cytometry. When preferential macropore flow was preponderant, increasing the RID from 5 to 1200 h led to the retention of up to an additional 27% of the microspheres rained onto the soil. This increased retention was ascribed to a higher absorption of the colloidal suspension into the macropore walls for longer RIDs, when water redistribution far from the macropores was more important. When matrix flow was preponderant, RID effect on retention was overwhelmed and massive microspheres retention was observed. These results are useful to provide guidelines for the safe use of reclaimed water in agriculture, and to estimate the importance of clay translocation (a colloid transfer based soil formation mechanism). (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016
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44. Rare earth elements dynamics along pedogenesis in a chronosequence of podzolic soils

Author: Marie-Liesse Vermeire, Zuzana Fekiacova, Marie Detienne, Sophie Cornu, Jean-Thomas Cornélis, Bruno Delvaux, Soil Science Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Unité de recherche Géochimie des Sols et des Eaux (URGSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Liege, Université de Liège - Gembloux, and Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)
Subjects: Chronosequence, Soil evolution rate, Weathering, Geochemistry, Geology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Podzolization, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Eluvium, Podzol, Pedogenesis, Geochemistry and Petrology, Leaching (pedology), Soil water, Dissolved organic carbon, Lanthanides, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Secondary phases, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Fond de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS, Belgium), through a FRFC project; International audience; Rare earth elements (REE) total concentration and signature in soils are known to be impacted by successive soil-forming processes. So it can be used as probe of soil processes. However, few studies focus on their behavior in Podzols. Podzols result from the combination of two main pedogenic processes: (1) the strong weathering in the surface eluvial horizon; (2) the downward transfer of dissolved organic matter (OM) and mobile Al and Fe, and their accumulation in the illuvial horizon beneath. Iron oxides and OM are known to have strong affinities with REE, and to play an important role in transfer and immobilization of REE. In order to decipher the relative importance of Fe oxide and OM in REE fate during podzolization, and to investigate whether REE can trace Podzol formation, we study here the evolution of REE signatures along five pedons, aged from 120 to 530 years, in a Cambisol-Podzol chronosequence located in the Cox Bay of Vancouver Island. Our results show that the REE content is strongly correlated to the general loss of elements and mineral weathering. Furthermore, the accumulation of secondary OM, Al and Fe-bearing phases does not impact the REE signature of the bulk soil. Both our results and the ones available in the literature indicate that the release of REE induced by weathering and subsequent leaching in percolating water are the main pathways determining the REE fate in Podzols. Furthermore, we show that REE can be released and mobilized in very short periods of time during podzolization (330 years).
Published: 2016
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45. Dating constituent formation in soils to determine rates of soil processes: A review

Author: David Montagne, Sophie Cornu, Paulo M. Vasconcelos, Unité de recherche Géochimie des Sols et des Eaux (URGSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Earth Science, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
Subjects: Supergene (geology), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, PEDOLOGIE, Geochemistry, Soil Science, Mineralogy, carbonates, Weathering, pedogenesis, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, datation, chronosequences, Organic matter, isotopes, organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, chemistry.chemical_classification, Radiogenic nuclide, 15. Life on land, Pedogenesis, chemistry, oxides, Soil water, Carbonate, Radiometric dating, Geology
Abstract: Rates of soil processes are poorly known. One approach to determine them could be through the radiogenic isotopic dating of soil constituents. Such methods have been recently used to date minerals in soils and weathering profiles thanks to the development of high-resolution techniques such as 40Ar–39Ar, U-series of micro-drilled samples, U-series by laser ablation and (U–Th)/He and to the development of suitable methodology expanding application of the techniques to a variety of supergene minerals (e.g. Fe- and Mn-oxihydroxides, carbonates, etc.). In this paper we identify (i) the main soil constituents that can be dated through these isotopic methods—that are mainly Fe-oxides, Mn-oxides, pedogenic carbonates and organic matter, (ii) the main pedogenic processes that leads to their formation in soils and (iii) the different soil settings that allow transforming soil constituent ages into rates of soil processes, namely growth bands, transformation fronts and chronosequences.
Published: 2009
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46. Zinc Redistribution in a Soil Developed from Limestone During Pedogenesis

Author: Denis Baize, Sylvain Drouin, Sophie Cornu, Olivier Josière, Farid Juillot, C. Laveuf, Michel Hardy, Ary Bruand, Unité de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Goethite, Soil Science, Mineralogy, Weathering, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ferrihydrite, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, carbonate dissolution, Dissolution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, long-term, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, eluviation, 6. Clean water, Pedogenesis, speciation, chemistry, redox, Environmental chemistry, visual_art, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Carbonate, Soil horizon, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The long-term redistribution of Zn in a naturally Zn-enriched soil during pedogenesis was quantified based on mass balance calculations. According to their fate, parent limestones comprised three Zn pools: bound to calcite and pyritesphalerite grains, bound to phyllosilicates and bound to goethite in the inherited phosphate nodules. Four pedological processes, i.e., carbonate dissolution, two stages of redox processes and eluviation, redistributed Zn during pedogenesis. The carbonate dissolution of limestones released Zn bound to calcite into soil solution. Due to residual enrichment, Zn concentrations in the soil are higher than those in parent limestones. Birnessite, ferrihydrite and goethite dispersed in soil horizon trapped high quantities of Zn during their formation. Afterwards, primary redox conditions induced the release of Zn and Fe into soil solution, and the subsequent individualization of Fe and Mn into Zn-rich concretions. Both processes and subsequent aging of the concretions formed induced significant exportation of Zn through the bottom water table. Secondary redox conditions promoted the weathering of Fe and Mn oxides in cements and concretions. This process caused other losses of Zn through lateral exportation in an upper water table. Concomitantly, eluviation occurred at the top of the solum. The lateral exportation of eluviated minerals through the upper water table limited illuviation. Eluviation was also responsible for Zn loss, but this Zn bound to phyllosilicates was not bioavailable
Published: 2009
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47. 3D representation of soil distribution: An approach for understanding pedogenesis

Author: Dominique King, Ary Bruand, Aurélie Vennink, Frédéric Delarue, Hocine Bourennane, Joël Daroussin, Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, Patrick Albéric, and Sophie Cornu
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Horizon, Mineralogy, Weathering, Soil classification, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Planosol, 01 natural sciences, Pedogenesis, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Soil horizon, Spatial variability, Digital elevation model, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Soils are characterised by a spatial variability in the three dimensions (3D) of space. However, 3D studies remain scarce due to the qualitative nature of many soil horizon characteristics, notably the horizon designation. Indeed, existing 3D tools are mainly developed for quantitative data. To solve this difficulty, we propose a new approach based on the interpolation of the horizon thickness to derive digital elevation models for both the upper and the lower limits of each horizon. This approach was applied to Planosols previously extensively studied with 2D approaches. The pseudo 3D obtained representation evidences soil processes that were missed in 2D approaches. As an example, we evidence the impact of differential weathering, resulting from the mineralogical heterogeneity of the parent material, on the subsequent pedogenesis.
Published: 2009
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48. X‐ray Diffraction Determination of Minerals Carrying Trace Elements in Soil: Application to the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network

Author: Line Boulonne, Dominique Arrouays, Olivier Josière, Claudy Jolivet, Hocine Bourennane, Michel Hardy, Sophie Cornu, Miguel Pernes, Mathieu Chevalier, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Science du Sol (Orléans) (URSols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Physicochimie et Ecotoxicologie des SolS d'Agrosystèmes Contaminés (PESSAC), and InfoSol (InfoSol)
Subjects: INDICATORS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, Mineralogy, Soil science, 01 natural sciences, HEAVY METALS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trace element, Soil classification, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Soil type, Soil quality, MINERALOGIE, SOIL, DISTRIBUTION, PEDOGEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND LEVEL, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Soil water, X-ray crystallography, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soil fertility, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; Trace elements (TE) occurring naturally in soils derive from the parent materials from which the soils were developed. We propose a feasibility study of the x-ray diffraction determination of TE carriers of a natural origin applied to 28 samples collected from soil 30-50cm deep in the French Soil Quality Monitoring Network from two French provinces. Three main pedogeological families were studied. Results show that mineralogical analysis permits the determination of several potential TE carriers. They also explain the highest concentrations of certain TEs in soils. Such knowledge of carriers is useful for understanding and evaluating the risks of TE transfer in ecosystems. Nevertheless, it is also shown that the use of mineralogical soil analyses for an understanding of the total TE contents can be variable, depending upon which TE or which soil type is considered.
Published: 2009
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49. Soil Drainage as an Active Agent of Recent Soil Evolution: A Review

Author: Sophie Cornu, David Montagne, Isabelle Cousin, and Lydie Le Forestier
Subjects: Soil organic matter, Soil Science, Soil morphology, Soil science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, 15. Life on land, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, Pedogenesis, Hydrology (agriculture), 13. Climate action, Soil functions, Soil retrogression and degradation, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Erosion, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Drainage, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: While research on pedogenesis mainly focuses on long-term soil formation and most often neglects recent soil evolution in response to human practices or climate changes, this article reviews the impact of artificial subsurface drainage on soil evolution. Artificial drainage is considered as an example of the impact of recent changes in water fluxes on soil evolution over time scales of decades to a century. Results from various classical studies on artificial drainage including hydrological and environmental studies are reviewed and collated with rare studies dealing explicitly with soil morphology changes, in response to artificial drainage. We deduce that soil should react to the perturbations associated with subsurface drainage over time scales that do not exceeding a few decades. Subsurface drainage decreases the intensity of erosion and must i) increase the intensity of the lixiviation and eluviation processes, ii) affect iron and manganese dynamics, and iii) induce heterogeneities in soil evolution at the ten meter scale. Such recent soil evolutions can no longer be neglected as they are mostly irreversible and will probably have unknown, but expectable, feedbacks on crucial soil functions such as the sequestration of soil organic matter or the water available capacity.
Published: 2009
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50. Impact of drainage on soil-forming mechanisms in a French Albeluvisol: Input of mineralogical data in mass-balance modelling

Author: Michel Hardy, Olivier Josière, Sophie Cornu, Isabelle Cousin, Laurent Caner, David Montagne, Lydie Le Forestier, Unité de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and This work was funded by the Région Centre - France
Subjects: Pedogenesis modelling, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil Science, Soil science, Albeluvisols, 010501 environmental sciences, complex mixtures, 01 natural sciences, Mineralogical composition, Ferrihydrite, Albeluvisol, Drainage network, Precipitation, Drainage, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Redox processes, 96.20.Dt, Artificial drainage, Soil morphology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Agricultural practices, Pedogenesis, Eluviation, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Research on soil pedogenesis has mainly focused on the long-term soil formation and has most often neglected recent soil evolutions in response to human practices. Such recent soil evolutions are however of considerable interest to study the timing of soil forming processes in response to changes in environmental conditions. In this paper, we model the Albeluvisol evolution in response to agricultural drainage. This was considered as a model case to study the velocity of mineralogical changes in soil as a result of eluviation and redox processes. We used a space-for-time substitution approach in combination with mass balance modelling based on mineralogical data in order to identify and characterise the mineralogical transformations responsible for the recent soil evolution in response to subsurface drainage. This approach allowed demonstrating that the main effects of subsurface drainage are (i) increasing precipitation of Mn oxides and Mn-rich ferrihydrite with decreasing distance to the drain as a result of the change in redox conditions and (ii) increasing loss of clay-sized oxides and smectites due to the enhanced eluviation in the vicinity of the drain. Both processes induce significant matter fluxes in comparison with those that occurred over the long-term soil formation. Nowadays, the precipitation of Mn oxides and Mn-rich ferrihydrite seems to still be active in the studied soil. On the opposite, the eluviation process appears less active than immediately after the drainage network installation, if not totally inactive. It thus demonstrates that some soil processes may have significant impact on the soil mineralogical composition even if they are only active over very short periods of time after a change in environmental conditions.
Published: 2008
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