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Earlier works derive empirical implications that institutional quality is very influential as a source of comparative advantage in industries requiring relationship-specific investment from the supplier. However, as earlier studies focus on investigating the impact of institution on the efficiency of the producer, only the exporter’s institution is considered. In contrast, we attempt to identify the impacts of the quality of institution, of both exporters and importers, on trade costs, that are different across country-pairs. To check the problem of measuring trade costs, we use two alternative measures of trade costs, i.e. CIF/FOB ratio and the relative measure of trade costs proposed by Novy (2013). Using the Eora global supply chain database covering 187 countries for 11 primary and manufacturing industries and four years, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, we calculate a CIF/FOB ratio and the relative trade costs suggested by Novy (2013) which are used as a proxy variable for trade costs. At the country level, we find that the institutional quality of exporter and importer is negatively associated with trade costs and trade costs increase as disparity between two countries’ institutional quality increases. At the country-industry level, we find that a country-pair with better legal institution has lower trade costs in industries for which a hold-up problem is important. This result is robust to the alternative measure of trade costs suggested by Novy(2013). However, an analysis on the impact of institutional differences on trade costs yields mixed results. Therefore we do not conclude that the similarity of institutional quality between two countries is associated with lower bilateral trade costs.

Korean Abstract: 디지털 경제 확산의 결과 전체 생산액 대비 서비스 부가가치의 비중이 높아지는 서비스화(Servicification) 현상이 심화되고 있다. 이와 같은 배경 아래, 본 연구는 디지털 경제의 확산이 서비스 무역비용 변화에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 규명하기 위한 목적으로 추진되었다. 실증분석 결과에 근거한 정책 함의 발굴을 위해 디지털 경제 확산과 서비스 무역 구조, 서비스 무역장벽 완화를 위한 국제적 논의, 한국 서비스 무역의 국제경쟁력 및 부진요인 등을 검토·분석한 이후 한국의 서비스 무역 기조 확충과 안정적인 해외시장 확보를 위한 대응과제와 시사점을 제시하였다. English Abstract: The rapid spread of digital technologies is bringing about a reshaping of the global business landscape, in which the roles of services have been diversified in the global value chain (GVC). As a matter of fact, the share of global manufacturing goods trade, which stood at 80% of total trade in 2006, fell to 70% in 2013 and remained at 76.8% as of 2017. On the other hand, the share of service trade gradually increased from 19.8% in 2006 to 23.2% in 2017. Against this backdrop, we attempt to verify how innovating digital technologies can significantly affect trade costs in services by conducting rigorous empirical experiments. Our empirical investigation may contribute to better understanding about global trade patterns currently in action and allow the designing of more practical policy options to take in the digitalizing global economy.

Korean Abstract: 본 연구는 한국경제의 지속적인 성장과 국제경쟁력 제고라는 정책 수요에 부응하기 위하여 부패행위가 국제교역에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 고찰하고, 한국의 부패방지 수준 제고를 위한 정책과제와 시사점을 도출할 목적으로 추진하였다. 이를 위해 부패방지 정책의 성공적인 이행으로 기대되는 무역증대 효과와 후생효과를 추정하고 정책적 함의를 제시하였다. 이 결과는 부패 척결의 유익에 대한 국민적 공감대 형성과 관계부처의 부패방지 정책 좌표 설정에 활용될 것으로 기대된다. 2장에서는 부패 방지를 위한 국제사회에서의 논의 흐름과 협력과제를 살펴보았고 제3장에서는 효율적인 부패 통제의 효과 추정과 정책적 함의 도출을 위해 한국의 부패 인식 수준을 조망하고 부패 방지 정책의 효율적인 운영을 저해하는 원인을 분석하여 제시하였다.제4장에서는 Novy(2013)의 방법에 따라 무역비용의 대용변수를 마련하고 부패가 무역비용에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 제5장에서는 계산 가능한 일반균형(CGE) 모형을 활용하여 부패가 무역 및 후생에 미치는 경제적 효과 추정을 위한 실증분석을 시도함으로써 국제교역의 흐름에 영향을 미치는 부패의 경제적 효과를 도출하였다. 제6장에서는 앞선 분석을 바탕으로 부패 척결을 위한 유효하고 실행 가능한 다음의 개선과제를 제시하였다. 본 연구는 부패 수준과 무역비용, 무역의 상관관계를 실증적으로 규명하고 경제적인 효과를 추정하였다는 점에서 학술적으로 기여하고 있으며 한국이 국제사회에서 청렴하고 공정한 국가로 인정받기 위해서 국민, 정부, 기업이 혼연일체가 되어 추진하여야 하는 정책과제와 그 해법을 제시하고 있다. English Abstract: The World Bank estimates that US $1.5 trillion, or 2 percent of global GDP, is paid each year in bribery. Moreover, as globalization advances and economic integration deepens, this corruption undermines and distorts fair competition in international transactions as it induces misallocation of resources. The OECD (Anti-Bribery Convention of 1997) and the UN (Anti-Corruption Convention of 2003) have established legally binding standards to fight against corruption. Korea is a party to the OECD (United Nations) Anti-Bribery (Corruption) Convention, and is actively engaged in anti-corruption activities in the international community, including the G20 and APEC. However, over the years Korea has been ceaselessly embroiled in bribery scandals, which has damaged its global image and reputation. According to the 2016 survey of CPI(Corruption Perception Index) conducted by Transparency International, Korea ranked 52nd place out of 176 countries, a rank plunge by 15 steps compared to the previous year. From this point of view, this study aims to empirically examine how corruption affects trade, economic growth and welfare. Based on these empirical findings, policy implications and suggestions for the successful implementation of anti-corruption policy will be drawn. These evidence-based analyses and policy suggestions can then be used to form a public consensus on the benefits of successfully implementing anti-corruption policy. Chapter 2 explores anti-corruption efforts taking place in the international community. In Chapter 3, we attempted to examine the inefficient and ineffective elements embedded in Korean anti-corruption policy and its implementation. In Chapter 4, we use the Novy (2013) model to empirically measure the effect of corruption on trade costs. In Chapter 5, we attempted to measure the economic effects of corruption on trade and welfare by using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. In Chapter 6, based on the previous analysis, we propose the policy suggestions. This study contributes to the academia in that it is the first attempt to estimate the correlation between levels of corruption, trade costs and trade.

Korean Abstract: 최근 국제무역환경은 다자무역체제의 약화와 거대경제권간 자유무역협정(FTA: Free Trade Agreement)의 추진 및 복수국간 지역경제통합 논의 등으로 요약된다. 미국과 EU의 범대서양무역투자동반자협정(TTIP: Trans-Atlantic Trade and Investment Partnership), 일본과 EU의 FTA 협상 등 거대경제권간 메가 FTA가 추진되는 한편 아시아ㆍ태평양 지역에서는 환태평양경제동반자협정(TPP: Trans-Pacific Partnership)과 역내포괄적경제동반자협정(RCEP: Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership) 등 복수국간의 지역무역협정(RTAs: Regional Trade Agreements)이 경쟁적으로 진행되고 있다. 지역주의의 확산과 무역자유화의 진전은 글로벌 생산 네트워크(production network)의 확대와 역내 공급망(regional supply chain) 확보의 중요성을 더욱 부각시킨다. 특히 Athukorala and Yamashita(2006), Ernst and Luthje(2003) 등이 지적하듯이 동아시아 국가 및 환태평양 국가 간의 글로벌 아웃소싱은 여타 지역보다 더욱 긴밀하게 연결되어 있다. 따라서 아시아ㆍ태평양 지역의 생산 네트워크 확대와 역내 경제통합 논의에 대한 관심이 매우 높다. 이는 아ㆍ태지역의 생산 네트워크가 역내 경제통합에 어떠한 영향을 줄 것인지 그에 대한 연구의 필요성을 제기한다. 특히 우리나라 교역의 상당 부분이 APEC 회원국과 이루어지고 있다는 점을 고려할 때 APEC 회원국을 중심으로 한 역내 생산 네트워크의 변화와 이에 따른 역내 경제통합 논의에 대한 영향에 초점을 맞춘 연구를 수행함으로써 향후 우리나라의 무역정책 및 APEC 경제협력과 아ㆍ태지역의 경제통합 논의 전략을 마련하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.English Abstract: The new landscape of international trade negotiations in the Asia-Pacific can be summarized by the emergence of plurilateral regional trade agreements (RTAs), such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). These two ongoing regional economic integration (REI) initiatives have shifted the focus of trade negotiations from bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) to plurilateral RTAs in the region. Recent progress in these initiatives together with growing regionalism has drawn more attention to global production networks and regional supply chains. This study examines whether and how production networks affect the regional economic integration of the Asia-Pacific region. By investigating the relationship and pattern of production networks and REI initiatives both theoretically and empirically, this study aims to provide policy implications for APEC and Korea's approach to the ongoing REI initiatives. Further, a desirable REI model is suggested in the study by conducting policy simulations based on scenarios of expansion of production networks in the region.

A progress management in construction projects plays an important role in providing as-built information for project planning, control, cost engineering, and many others. However, progress information has not been collected through objective methods or criteria but mainly based on an individual’s own experience or subjective judgment, which results in the limits of consistency, objectiveness, and accuracy in the progress management. This research aims at proposing a progress measurement framework that allows managing and applying various measurement methods dependent on work items to overcome the problems and limits of the current progress management. The framework was developed with a focus on integration of work breakdown structure, cost breakdown structure, and progress measurement methods, and it consists of three main objects: work, activity, and progress measurement unit. Base on the framework, an information system named PROSYS (project PRogress management SYStem) was developed to generate activities and progress measurement units depending on the characteristics of projects and work items, and to keep track of project progress more efficiently and effectively.