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Objectives: This study aimed to help the understanding of children’s temperament and parenting behavior by examining how the temperament and parenting of 3-year-olds affect the vocabulary development of 7-year-old children entering school age.Methods: The study group consisted of a total of four groups based on the scores of the Receptive and Expressive Vocabulary Test (REVT; Kim et al., 2009). The dataset was obtained through the Panel Study on Korean Children.Results: 1) There was no statistically significant difference between the four groups in the distribution pattern of children’s temperament type, however there was a statistically significant difference between the four groups in the distribution pattern by parenting behavior type. 2) In Group 1, there was a significant positive correlation between vocabulary at 7 years of age and parenting behavior of 3 years olds. In addition, Group 2 and 4, which showed a delay in vocabulary at the age of 7 years, showed that the emotional temperament of 3-year-old children was correlated with their 7-year-old vocabulary. 3) In Group 1, It was found that the emotional (negative) and sociality of children at the age of 3 significantly explained the vocabulary ability at the age of 7 by mediating the parent’s didactic parenting behavior.Conclusion: This study confirmed that the vocabulary prediction model of Group 1, which showed normal vocabulary development in both 3-year-olds and 7-year-olds, was statistically significant.

This paper developed and tested a research model in which team- and individual-focused transformational leadership (TFL) influence individual creativity through psychological empowerment and the po...

One in three children enrolled in US early childhood programs is a dual language learner. While dual language learners have been the target of sweeping educational reforms under the guise of justice, these reforms—which pathologize dual language learners as problems to be remediated rather than assets to be developed—have largely ignored the priorities and experiences of young multilingual learners and their families. This historical omission of centering dual language learners in research, policy, and practice is unjust and has contributed to marginalization, homogenization, and linguistic erasure. Asian Americans, the second-largest group of dual language learners and the fastest-growing racial group in the USA, have remained an underexplored group of emergent bilinguals across early childhood research, practice, and policy. Thus, this article draws on the multilingual expertise of Asian American families of young dual language learners to portray how parents construct and navigate multiple knowledges, beliefs, and pedagogies of cultivating their children's dual language and literacy development. The key findings present a justice-centered framework that conceptualizes three cultivating practices across diverse spaces, borders, and time. Counterstories of planting, pollinating, and pruning position Asian immigrant parents as agentic gardeners of bilingualism and biliteracy, and interrogate the deficit paradigms that are too often placed on dual language learners to fit the narrow, monocultural, and monolingual definitions of school readiness. Centering Asian American families in generating theory and future research directions, this article envisions the future potentiality of early childhood education in pursuit of equity and transformative justice.

The fashion world is trying various changes due to the development of technology, the non-face-to-face environment caused by Covid-19, and the lifestyle change of the digital generation. It is a world where luxury brands promote and sell their products in a metaverse environment. Fashion influencers also use YouTube to give advice on styling and short content, and lead lifestyle changes. As a result, the values and sensibility of digital-based fashion are also changing. Therefore, this thesis researched related contents through Fashion YouTube. Fashion YouTube, which has the top 5 domestic subscribers and videos as of May 2021, was selected. I crawled their youtube data reviews with python. As a result of the analysis of the collected data with text-mining, past fashion discovered fashion and trends, but modern fashion further emphasized the philosophy and values of life based on their own lifestyles. Rather than changing fashion based on trends, fashion is a means of expressing individual values, emphasizing emotional details and expressing fashion changes.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been used to treat a variety of brain disorders and shows promise in alleviating cognitive symptoms in some AD patients (Laxton et al, 2010). We previously showed that DBS of the entorhinal cortex (EC) enhances spatial memory formation in normal (wild-type) mice (Stone et al, 2011). Here we tested the effects of EC-DBS on the progressive cognitive deficits in a genetically-based mouse model of AD. TgCRND8 (Tg) transgenic mice express human amyloid precursor protein harboring the Swedish and Indiana familial AD mutations. These mice exhibit age-related increases in Aβ production, plaque deposition, as well as contextual fear and spatial memory impairments. Here, we found EC stimulation in young mice (6 weeks old) rescued the early contextual fear and spatial memory deficits and decreased subsequent plaque load in Tg mice. Moreover, stimulation in older mice (6 months old) was also sufficient to rescue the memory deficits in Tg mice. The memory enhancement induced by DBS emerged gradually (over the course of weeks) and was both persistent and specific to hippocampal-based memories. These results provide further support for the development of novel therapeutics aimed to resolve the cognitive decline and memory impairment in AD using DBS of hippocampal afferents.

Start-ups organizations are increasing rapidly. To overcome “liability of newness,” it is essential for entrepreneurs to compose the right co-founding team. Based on the review of 57 journal articles on start-up co-founding teams and new venture teams, we found that the composition of the team, especially diversity among team members, was frequently studied. However, previous research has only focused on surface-level diversity such as gender, age, functional background, previous experience. Only a very few studies investigated deep-level diversity such as co-founding team members’ value, personality or thinking style. The present study explored what type of diversity is required in start-ups. Since this topic is rarely studied, we first conducted a qualitative study by interviewing with nineteen start-up founders and venture capitalists in Study 1. As a result we found that four individual characteristic factors (extraversion, agreeing to different idea, risk taking, optimism) and four work-related factors (business opinion, speed oriented, big-picture oriented, time perspective) were the key component of deep-level diversity. In Study 2, we conducted a quantitative study to empirically investigate these aspects by a survey to thirty start-up related individuals. The result confirmed that the diversity were required for six aspects deducted from Study 1. For the other factors of optimism and speed orientation, frequency tendency supported Study 1’s result.

In this article, Mark R. Warren, Soojin Oh Park, and Mara Casey Tieken explore the training and development of community-engaged scholars in doctoral programs in education. Community-engaged scholars working in the field of education collaborate with families, teachers, and communities to support their efforts to address educational inequities, marking an important way that researchers can promote social justice in public education. Yet these collaborations require particular skills and orientations of researchers, which traditional models of doctoral education are not designed to develop. Additionally, much less attention has been paid to the process of training and equipping emerging community-engaged researchers. This article presents the findings of a self-study of a research project designed to build among doctoral students the skills, dispositions, and commitments of community-engaged scholarship. The authors argue that by fostering collaborative learning and creating a community that embraces project members' whole selves, students learn to tell their stories, build “horizontal” research relationships, question their researcher positionalities, and develop identities as community-engaged scholars. One of the few in-depth investigations of doctoral practices that support community-engaged scholarship, this study offers critical lessons for those who care about the development of a new generation of education researchers committed to working with communities to transform schools and society.

The effects of estrogens are pleiotropic, affecting multiple bodily systems. Changes from the body’s natural fluctuating levels of estrogens, through surgical removal of the ovaries, natural menopause, or the administration of exogenous estrogens to menopausal women have been independently linked to an altered immune profile, and changes to cognitive processes. Here, we propose that inflammation may mediate the relationship between low levels of estrogens and cognitive decline. In order to determine what is known about this connection, we review the literature on the cognitive effects of decreased estrogens due to oophorectomy or natural menopause, decreased estrogens’ role on inflammation – both peripherally and in the brain – and the relationship between inflammation and cognition. While this review demonstrates that much is unknown about the intersection between estrogens, cognition, inflammation, we propose that there is an important interaction between these literatures.

Everyone has multiple social identities that influence the way they are perceived and treated and, in turn, how they perceive and respond to their social worlds at work. To date, research has tende...

This qualitative study investigated the ways in which 84 parents from predominantly low-income communities described supporting their third graders’ reading skills, motivation, and habits. Thematic analysis of open-ended parent interviews indicated that parents actively and deliberately scaffolded their children’s progress toward developing independent reading skills. Parents explicitly communicated the value of reading in everyday conversations; actively listened to their children read, even if they did not understand the language in which the text was written; asked reading comprehension questions; created a home environment conducive to sustained reading; promoted reader autonomy through encouragement of strategy use; and incorporated reading practices into daily routines. Parents often described their own efforts as responsive to their children’s level of reading motivation and reading performance, thus highlighting the reciprocal nature of parent–child reading interactions. Findings reveal a variety of ways in which families support their children’s reading skills, motivation, and habits.

We developed and tested a research model where team-focused and individual-focused TFL influences employee creativity via psychological empowerment, and the positive impacts of team-focused and ind...

Many scholars and practitioners have paid attention to transformation leadership and its impact on creativity. Although scholars have investigated the relationship, they have mainly focused on the ...

Single-walled carbon nanotube bundles were deposited onto glass substrates with controlled nanotube orientation by two methods, self-assembly and dip-coating, generating dense and sparse carbon nanotube films, respectively. The carbon nanotube films were used to fabricate optical cells in which planar alignment of nematic liquid crystals is achieved. This configuration was amenable to electric-field-induced switching as verified by transmitted polarized light microscopy.

In this Account, we summarize some of our recent studies on the materials properties of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The focus is on single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). We describe experiments on synthesis of SWNTs with controlled molecular structures and assembly of functional macroscopic structures. In addition, we present results on the electron field emission properties of macroscopic CNT cathodes.

Parental investments in the activities and materials that drive learning are central to young children’s school readiness and life success. Little is known, however, about how parents adjust these investments in response to outside pressures, including their children’s impending entry into kindergarten. In the present study, we employ two analytical strategies (multilevel residualized change and regression discontinuity) within national data from the Head Start Impact Study to examine whether parents of children facing an impending entry to kindergarten invest more time and materials in their children’s language and literacy skill development compared with parents of otherwise similar children who are not yet facing formal school entry. Results suggest that low-income parents react to the impending kindergarten transition by increasing their provision of parent–child language and literacy activities (d = .15) but not related materials. We discuss the implications of our findings for the timing of parenting interventions.

As global lifestyle brands are recognized by consumers worldwide, their business are winning a great success. Now that in Korea too, a large-family culture in which members are accustomed to concession and self-sacrifice is changing to a lifestyle of single households, people care a lot about their own properties, privacy, and personalities. As a result, many original cultures reflect that individuals ‟lifestyles” are emerging. This study suggests development directions for Korean lifestyle brands to grow in line with such social trends and to compete with global lifestyle brands. Based on the survey of Koreans “major lifestyle trends, concepts and products that would represent Koreans” emotions and attract domestic consumers are examined and suggested in this study.

Fabrication of CNT pattern by liquid-phase based deposition technique has been studied in Xintek for several years. By using this technique, we successfully fabricated sealed CNT field emission display prototypes with diode structures. The CNT panel size has been scaled up from 4 inch to 8 inch. Patterned CNT cathode was made by incorporating photolithography techniques into the liquid-phase deposition process. CNT pattern size of 50 um was achieved on our standard (unpolished) display substrates. A simple substrate polishing process could reduce the CNT pattern size down to 20 um. It indicates that high-resolution displays are possible by improving the surface smoothness of the substrates. The patterned CNT cathodes demonstrated good field emission characteristics including low turn-on field and high emission current density. However, the emission uniformity remains to be a major concern. The global emission uniformity of the CNT panels can be improved through more engineering efforts. We believe that the emission uniformity in pixel can be enhanced by optimization of the liquid-phase deposition process and CNTs concentration, distribution as well as morphology in the cathodes. Liquid-phase deposition technique can also deposit CNTs into preformed triode structures with the aid of photolithography techniques.