Search

Insect antennae are crucial sensory organs that house numerous sensilla with receptors for perceiving a wide variety of cues dominating their world. Historically, inconsistent terminology and criteria have been used to classify antennal sensilla, which has greatly impeded the comparison of data even across closely related species. Longhorn beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) are no exception to this quandary, and despite their prominent antennae, few studies have investigated their antennal morphology and ultrastructure, and none have compared sensillar diversity and variation among cerambycids. Existing studies of longhorn beetle antennal sensilla include only 29 species in five of the eight cerambycid subfamilies and include misidentified sensilla types and conflicting terminology. As such, it is very difficult to conduct comparative morphological studies of antennal sensilla in longhorn beetles and challenging to understand inter- and intra-specific variation in the sensory systems of these beetles. To facilitate future comparative studies, we reviewed all accessible published papers that have used scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) to investigate antennal sensilla in cerambycids, and present a first attempt at standardizing the classification of their documented sensilla types and subtypes. Specifically, we discuss seven major types of antennal sensilla (Böhm bristles, sensilla chaetica, chemosensory hairs, sensilla basiconica, dome shaped organs, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla auricillica). We also imaged the antennae of relevant species of longhorn beetles using SEM and included images exemplifying as many of the sensilla types and subtypes as possible.

Omalizumab is a very important drug for the treatment of chronic urticaria. Although omalizumab's therapeutic efficacy has been demonstrated, data on real-world experiences in Korea, especially regarding chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU), are limited. This study attempted to compare the efficacy of omalizumab in Korean chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and CIndU patients.Fifty-two CSU and 29 CIndU patients were included and Urticaria Activity Score 7 (UAS7) at baseline, week 4, and week 12 was assessed retrospectively.Omalizumab 150 mg significantly decreased UAS7 in both patients with CSU and CIndU with only one dose (Omalizumab may be slightly more effective against CSU than against CIndU. Regarding the CIndU subtypes, dermatographic urticaria was associated with the greatest reduction in the UAS7 score, and patients with this condition showed the highest response rate, indicating the best effect of omalizumab. The duration of chronic urticaria was greater in non-responders than in responders (

Joint replacement is an important surgery for replacing a damaged joint with prosthesis. Implants used for joint replacement are made of metal, plastic, and ceramic. Skin reactions, such as dermatitis, can occur due to a hypersensitivity to these external substances.The aim of this study was to find the relationship between joint replacement and dermatitis.A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study was performed using the National Health Insurance Service Database of the Republic of Korea. A total of 40,218 patients who underwent joint replacement were enrolled as the operation group and 40,218 controls were also enrolled. A cox proportional hazard regression model, and Fine and Gray regression model were used to compare the risk of dermatitis between the two groups.Dermatitis occurred in 9.2% of the operation group and 9.1% of the control group, and no statistical difference was observed between the two groups. According to the Cox proportional hazard regression model, and Fine and Gray regression model, the risk of dermatitis did not increase in the operation group compared to that in the control group. However, the risk of dermatitis increased 1.20-fold in the operation group compared to that in the control group aged60 years according to the Fine and Gray regression model (95% confidence index (CI) = 1.05-1.37,We found that the risk of dermatitis increased after joint replacement in those aged60 years.

Members of the syrphid subtribe Xylotina generally resemble sawflies in their appearance and behavior. In Korea, seven species of this subtribe have been recognized so far (three Xylota spp., one Brachypalpus sp., and three Chalcosyrphus spp.). In the process of reviewing the species of Xylotina in Korea, we found new species records for the country. The largest genus of this subtribe, Xylota, is not discussed here but will be detailed in a future publication. We found that previous Korean records of B. laphriformis were actually misidentifications of B. nipponicus. For the genus Chalcosyrphus, we recognized the following nine species including six species new to Korean syrphid fauna (asterisks for new records): C. carbonus*, C. femoratus, C. laterimaculatus (new name), C. longus, C. nemorum*, C. nitidus*, C. piger*, C. rufipes*, and C. unicus*. Among these species, we still have not found any specimens of C. longus, which was recorded in North Korea by Doi (1938). In addition, we rename C. frontalis (Shiraki and Edashige) to C. laterimaculatus due to homonymy. We also provide an identification key, diagnoses, and descriptions with color photographs of the inclusive species.

As a result of the study of the hoverfly subtribe Xylotina in Korea, we have recognized the following 14 Xylota species, including eight new to the Korean syrphid fauna (marked with asteristks) and three new to science: X. abiens, X. amaculata*, X. atricoloris*, X. coquilletti, X. filipjevi*, X. fo*, X. ignava, X. pseudoignava*, X. spurivulgaris*, X. tarda*, X. umbrosa*, X. hauseri sp. n., X. orientiflorum sp. n., and X. xanthotarsis sp. n. Among these species, we clarified the identities of three previously confused species, X. coquilletti, X. spurivulgaris and X. fo, which had been collectively identified as a single species, X. coquilletti, in the Korean literature. In addtion, we provided unequivocal characters to separate two sibling species pairs based on their external characters including genitalic structure (X. hauseri sp. n. vs. X. umbrosa; X. pseudoignava vs. X. xanthotarsis sp. n.; X. filipjevi vs. X. tarda). In order to aid accurate identification of the Korean Xylota, diagnoses, descriptions, and color photographs of external structures including male genitalia are provided. For the taxonomic key, we included all the Korean genera of the subtribe Xylotina (Xylota, Brachypalpus and Chalcosyrphus).

This research is about the effect on children`s brain before and after learning Baduk. The research was performed on 20 pupils attending I Baduk school with the contrast group of 20 pupils who did not take Baduk instruction. The pre-test on the brain waves before learning Baduk were measured from October 27, 2008 to November 7, 2008 and the post-test on the brainwaves after learning Baduk were measured from November 2, 2009 to November 4, 2009. The result confirmed the differences of both resistance activity quotient and emotion quotient. The result of the study suggest baduk study possibility in positively affecting the subjects` brain activation and emotion.

This study has been made to research effect of neurofeedback training on the Brain Quotient and baduk strength whose EEC data were obtained both before and after the neurofeedback training from 15th June, to 15th September in 2007. Brain waves were measured on the frontal lobes of subjects (30 baduk players - the experimental group 15 under neuroffedback training and the control group 15 subjects) and analyzed by calculating eight brain quotients characterizing behaviors of EEG rhythms effectively. The results of the analysis show that the experimental group has the higher indexes Attention Quotient(left) p

This study has been made to research on the brain wave characteristics of baduk expert by BCI(Brain Computer Interface). The test was based on the researches from 1th September, 2005 to 30th December, 2005, compared with the ones of the standardized general public. The number of the general public are 695 (elementary school students 423, middle and high school students 161, adults 111) and the number of the baduk players are 57 (researchstudents 15, Korean baduk club students 16, professional baduk players 26). The research data show that the baduk players have the higher indexes than the general public in Self Regulation quotient p