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Introduction. Herbal medicines (HM) and growth hormones (GH) are widely used to treat short stature (SS) in children. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combination therapy with HM and GH (CHG) compared to those of GH monotherapy (GHM) in children with SS. Methods. We searched 17 electronic databases from inception to 1 April 2021. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Two authors independently performed the selection and quality assessment of the included studies using Cochrane Handbook criteria. Relative risk (RR) was used to measure dichotomous outcomes with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Mean difference (MD) or standard MD (SMD) was used to measure continuous outcomes with a 95% CI. Results. Seven RCTs involving 455 participants with SS were included. Standard deviations in height (MD = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.24–0.38, p < 0.00001 ), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (MD = 1.39, 95% CI: 0.93–1.85, p < 0.00001 ) were significantly higher in the CHG group than in the GHM group. Growth velocity (MD = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.34–2.31, p < 0.00001 ) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (MD = 61.85, 95% CI: 55.80–67.90, p < 0.00001 ) were significantly higher in the CHG group. Adverse events were significantly lower in the CHG group (risk ratio: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.02–0.54, p = 0.007 ). However, the level of evidence was low. Conclusions. CHG demonstrated significantly better efficacy than GHM for treating SS, with a low incidence of adverse events. However, since the level of evidence is low, methodologically standardized RCTs are required to verify these results.

Objectives: Plantar wart is a common viral skin disease caused by human papillomavirus infection and poses a therapeutic challenge in the paediatric patient population. Acupuncture and moxibustion are effective treatments for a wide range of skin conditions.Case report: This study presents the case of a 9-year-old girl for whom complete resolution of recalcitrant warts was achieved with acupuncture and moxibustion treatment.Results: After 20-week treatment, the wart lesions and pain were completely resolved. At the 6-month follow-up, the lesions remained fully resolved.Conclusion: This result suggests that acupuncture and moxibustion could be effective therapeutic strategies for plantar warts.

The effectiveness and safety of herbal medicine on children with simple obesity have yet to be clarified.

The comparative effectiveness and safety of growth hormone monotherapy and combination therapy with herbal medicine and growth hormone in short stature children have yet to be clarified.

Although warts are a common skin condition/disease that recurs in childhood, treatment completion is difficult owing to the pain associated with conventional therapies. In this case, Korean herbal medicine, Guijakjihwang-Tang, and indirect moxibustion was used to treat a recalcitrant cutaneous wart without pain and recurrence. A 7-year-old boy presented with recurrent cutaneous warts on his right hand and received cryotherapy 3 times in the previous year. The wart recurred during the course of cryotherapy treatment, and the patient did not want to suffer any more pain from the previous treatment. Therefore, parents sought an efficient and painless therapy. The patient was treated for 2 months using Guijakjihwang-Tang combined with indirect moxibustion. The prominent lesion separated in the 2nd month of treatment and completely recovered without adverse events in the 3rd month. There was no recurrence over 12 months of follow-up. This report provides meaningful insights into the use of Korean medicine as a safe, painless and efficient treatment for warts in pediatric patients.

This study aims to provide the basis for developing complementary and alternative treatment approaches for precocious puberty (PP) by examining caregivers’ awareness, along with their preferences and expectations from various treatments. It included data collected between July 2019 and March 2020, from 175 caregivers of children who were undergoing or had undergone treatment for PP. The questionnaire comprised 53 questions on the awareness, acquisition of information, perceptions of treatments, and concerns about PP, as well as awareness of habit management (HM) and children’s actual habits. The collected data were analysed using the Chi-square test, t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance. The caregivers responded that PP could be recognized on the basis of breast development (79.8%) in girls and hair and body odor (73.1%) in boys. However, 86.9% of respondents were getting inaccurate information from the Internet. With respect to PP treatment approaches, 16% of respondents hoped to manage PP through conventional treatment (CT), 21.1% preferred traditional Korean medicine (TKM), and 62.3% preferred HM. Expectations of the effectiveness were highest in HM, followed by CT and TKM. Only the TKM group had statistically significant higher expectations than the nontreatment experience group (F = 4.566, p = 0.004 ). The caregivers were concerned about the side effects and high costs of CT. Around 43% of respondents had difficulties with the management of their children’s diet, 64.6% with exercise, and 57.1% with smart device usage. Clinicians should be aware of caregivers’ information acquisition patterns, preferences and expectations of various treatments, and their concerns. Considering these results, clinicians should try to establish more appropriate treatment plans for children with PP.