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In vitro capacitation allows for a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying fertilization and the development of improved reproductive techniques for improving fertility rates in porcine. Tyrodes albumin lactate pyruvate (TALP) and modified Krebs Ringers Broth (m‐KRB) are two medias that are commonly used in research experiments to induce capacitation in boar spermatozoa (Cañón‐Beltrán et al., Theriogenology, 198, 2023 and 231; Oberlender et al., Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria, 44, 2012 and 201; Sahoo et al., International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 241, 2023 and 124502). Moreover, understanding the morphological and functional changes in boar spermatozoa at different hours of capacitation periods might aid in the development of novel techniques for improving sperm quality and increasing the litter size. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Tyrode albumin lactate pyruvate and modified Krebs Ringers Broth media on in vitro capacitation of HD‐K75 boar spermatozoa at three different periods of incubation. A total of 24 ejaculate from four clinically healthy, 10–12 months aged HD‐K75 boars, maintained at ICAR‐All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) on pig were selected. Semen was collected by 'Simple fist' method using a portable dummy. The semen samples having 200 mL volume, 103 × 106 spermatozoa/ml concentration and 70% initial motility were selected and split into two parts and suspended in TALP and m‐KRB media, respectively, and incubated for 5 h at 37°C. Seminal parameters viz. sperm viability, plasma membrane integrity and acrosomal integrity were estimated in the samples at 0, 3 and 5 h of incubation. This study revealed that there was significant variation between media in live acrosome‐reacted (p <.05) and HOST‐reacted (p <.01) spermatozoa, while between capacitation periods significant (p <.01) variation was observed in hyperactivated spermatozoa, live acrosome‐reacted spermatozoa, HOST‐reacted spermatozoa, FITC‐labelled PSA, extracellular protein and sperm cholesterol. Non‐significant variation was observed in total phospholipid. TALP showed overall better consequence on sperm viability, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity of boar spermatozoa. From this study, it could be concluded that both TALP and m‐KRB media were virtuous to induce capacitation in HD‐K75 boar spermatozoa. TALP media, however, had a better effect on sperm viability, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity of boar spermatozoa. Out of the three different periods, 3 h capacitation period resulted in significantly (p <.01) higher incidence of sperm viability, plasma membrane and acrosomal integrity in HD‐K75 boar spermatozoa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The present study evaluated the global gene expression profile in cardiac tissues of pigs infected with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). • Significantly, 194 DEGs were upregulated, while only two were downregulated (HSPA6 and DNAJA1). • The study has provided new insights into various dysregulated genes and biological pathways in PCV2 infected myocardial tissues. • LDB3, MYOZ2, CASQ2, TNNT2, MLC2V, MYBPC3, ACTC1, TCAP, TNNI3, TRDN, CSRP3, MYL3, RYR2, LMOD2, MYH7 are cardiac biomarker genes in PCV2 infection. • Screening of differentially expressed major cardiac biomarker genes using qRT-PCR before transplantation may decrease the risk of organ failure. The goal of this study was to compare the global gene expression profile in cardiac tissues of pig infected with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) to that of healthy cells. Since PCV2 infection causes severe cardiovascular lesions, the myocardial tissue model was chosen for this study. In High-throughput transcriptome analysis, DESeq2 and CLC genomics workbench analyses revealed a total of 196 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p-value < 0.05). Furthermore, 194 transcripts were upregulated, while only two were downregulated (HSPA6 and DNAJA1), with fold changes ranging from 16.293 to −10.002. Among the KEGG canonical pathways targeted by the DEGs in the functional analysis, adrenergic signalling in cardiomyocytes, Cardiac Muscle Contraction, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM), and Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) tends to be enriched. The differentially expressed highly connected (DEHC) biomarker genes in pathogenicity of PCV2 infection, such as LDB3, MYOZ2, CASQ2, TNNT2, MLC2V, MYBPC3, ACTC1, TCAP, TNNI3, TRDN, CSRP3, MYL3, RYR2, LMOD2, MYH7, etc., were identified using protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The study might provide detailed information on the dysregulated genes and biological pathways in infected myocardial tissues that may be essential for PCV2-related heart pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the development and comparison of two in-house isothermal visual assays, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Polymerase Spiral Reaction, for rapid detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in porcine clinical samples. Topics include the analytical sensitivity of the assays, their specificity for ASFV, and their potential to replace conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction-based methods for rapid testing in diagnostic laboratories with limited resources.