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Introduction As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunizations become more common, concerns about their safety and reactogenicity have grown. It is important to assess and analyze the post-vaccination side effects of several COVID-19 vaccines that have been licensed in Pakistan. Methods and results A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and January 2022 to collect data on the side effects produced by different COVID-19 vaccines. An online survey was conducted to gather data on participants' demographics, clinical profiles, COVID-19 profiles as well as the intensity and side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used to analyze the data collected. Out of 421 participants, 63.2% were males, 36.8% of participants received messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine, 33.2% received viral vector vaccine, 29.9% received inactivated vaccine, and further 71.7% of the total subjects were completely immunized. The majority of the symptoms were mild to moderate in degree. Approximately, 0.7% of the individuals reported experiencing serious adverse effects. Injection site pain (35.9%) was noted to be the most remarkable post-vaccination side effect followed by fever (33.2%) and fatigue (23.1%). Prior COVID-19 infection was not associated with the severity of any COVID-19 vaccine-related side effect (p

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus among children underwent multiple blood transfusions at tertiary care Hospital. Methodology: This cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at paediatrics department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences. All the children below the age of 12 years, both gender and presented with history of multiple blood transfusions due different hematological disorders at paediatrics department were included. After taking complete medical history, all the children underwent screening for hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. After taking verbal informed consent a 3 ml or 5ml blood sample was taken from each case and sent to the Hospital diagnostic Laboratory for the HCV and HVB screening. All the data was collected by the self-made study proforma. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 102 children were studied. The mean age of the children was 8.57+2.97 years and average hemoglobin level was 9.26+2.91. Males were in the majority 74(72.5%). Most of the children 42(41.2%) had thalassemia. The frequency of HBV was 5.9% and HCV was 33.3% among children of multiple blood transfusions. The frequency of HCV and HBV were insignificant according to gender (p->0.05) and statistically significant according to numbers of blood transfusion (p