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O impacto para a saúde mental dos filhos da gravidade da depressão materna (DM), em comorbidade com outros transtornos, carece de estudos. Objetivou-se comparar indicadores de saúde mental de escolares, considerando grupos diferenciados pela gravidade da DM com e sem comorbidade com Transtorno de Personalidade Borderline (TPB). Foram avaliadas 90 díades mães-crianças, distribuídas em três grupos, sistematicamente avaliados: Grupo Depressão (GD) - mães com indicadores de sintomas atuais de depressão e histórico de episódios anteriores, sem indicadores de TPB, Grupo Depressão em Comorbidade com TPB (GD-TPB) - mães com sintomas depressivos atuais e histórico de episódios anteriores com comorbidade com indicadores de TPB, e Grupo de Comparação (GC) - mães sem histórico de sintomas depressivos nem indicadores de TPB. As crianças, de ambos os sexos, tinham idade entre seis e 10 anos. Procedeu-se às avaliações em sessões individuais: a) com as mães - Questionário Geral e Questionário Sobre a Saúde do Paciente, Entrevista Clínica TPB e Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades (SDQ); e b) com as crianças - Teste das Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven. Tratou-se os dados por procedimentos estatísticos (p ≤0,05). As crianças do GD-TPB apresentaram, com significância estatística, média maior que GD e GC quanto ao escore de problemas total, conduta, hiperatividade e problemas de relacionamento. Verificou-se associação da gravidade da DM com TPB com mais problemas de saúde mental infantil, caracterizando um grupo clínico preferencial para intervenções em saúde mental.

The association between the sociodemographic variables of children with behavior problems and mothers with maternal depression is widely acknowledged in the literature. However, there is a lack of studies addressing the association of these variables with maternal parenting practices in typical samples, i.e., children without behavior problems and mothers without current depression indicators. The aim of this study was to identify associations between the sociodemographic variables of children and mothers with the mothers’ parenting practices and children’s behavioral indicators (resources and problems) in a sample of children without behavior problems and mothers without current depression indicators. This quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive, and correlational study addressed 46 biological mothers (married or in a stable relationship) and their children. A sociodemographic questionnaire and validated instruments addressing child behavior, maternal mental health, and parenting practices were applied. Findings showed that the mothers did not present mental health problems (e.g., behavior problems or maternal depression), but a) they presented deficits of positive practices and an excess of negative practices, and the children displayed deficits in social skills and behavior problems; b) there was an association between positive practices and the children’s social skills and between negative practices and children’s behavior problems; c) the frequency of positive and negative practices was equivalent among boys and girls, and d) boys more frequently presented behavior problems while school-aged children more frequently presented social skills deficits. The results indicate that even non-clinical samples may present harmful parenting practices, excess negative practices, and deficits in positive practices. Hence, there is a need for timely interventions to prevent behavior problems among children and maternal depression aris-ing from conflicting interactions in the parenthood sphere.

Abstract There are gaps in the ways in which maternal depression, educational practices and children’s behavior problems are associated. The objective was to verify: (a) associations between maternal depression, parenting practices and behavior problems in this sample; (b) the isolated and combined predictive effect of maternal depression and both positive and negative parenting practices on behavior problems; and (c) the possible moderating effect of positive parenting practices in the relation between maternal depression and behavior problems. Participants were 101 biological mothers who responded to validated self-report instruments. Data were treated by univariate and multivariate regression analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted. Associations were found between negative parenting, current maternal depression and behavior problems. And the moderation of positive practices in reducing the negative impact of depression on children’s behaviors was identified. Teaching positive practices is suggested to minimize risk factors for behavioral problems.

IntroductionEven though the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers’ mental health remain unknown, such effects might negatively impact health services and patient safety, especially in countries like Brazil, where there is little investment in public health policies.ObjectivesTo assess how the mental health indicators of Brazilian healthcare workers progressed between the beginning and 2 years after the pandemic (at the end of the third wave when there was a significant decrease in the number of new cases and deaths).MethodsThe sample comprised healthcare workers whose mental health indicators have been monitored since the beginning of the pandemic in Brazil. The potential participants were addressed via social media and contacted through class councils and health institutions across Brazil. A total of 165 participants answered instruments at the baseline and 2 years after the pandemic. Data were collected online using the Redcap platform and addressed symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, insomnia, and burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and professional fulfillment).ResultsBrazilian healthcare workers faced three periods of intensified incidence of new cases and deaths due to COVID-19 for 2 years. Approximately one-third of the sample still experiences high levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress. Insomnia indicators remained the most prevalent compared to the baseline assessment, while post-traumatic stress symptoms (p = 0.04) and professional fulfillment (p = 0.005) decreased.ConclusionThe lack of positive changes in mental health indicators coupled with decreased professional fulfillment over time highlights the pandemic’s chronic effects and the need for organizations to monitor these workers’ mental health, especially in developing countries like Brazil, where there is a high demand for health services and public policies are poorly structured and unstable.

This study aimed to: (a) monitor the progression of symptoms of mental health burden among frontline workers caring for COVID-19 patients in Brazil during the two waves of the pandemic, considering the number of new cases and deaths, and; (b) to verify the different mental health outcomes and potential associations with current burnout symptoms. A non-probabilistic sample of health professionals was assessed as the pandemic progressed in Brazil (May/2020 August/2021). Standardized instruments focusing on anxiety, depression, insomnia, post-traumatic stress, and burnout symptoms were applied online. The results indicate a decrease in anxiety levels, what was related to when the number of new cases declined (end 1th-wave); symptoms returned to higher levels later. Emotional exhaustion increased when there was a higher incidence of cases, returning to the baseline levels at the end of the second wave. Depersonalization symptoms increased in this phase, characterized by a further decrease in new cases, while professional accomplishment decreased during the follow-up. The highest number of new cases was associated with a higher frequency of anxiety (OR = 1.467;95%CI = 1.109–1.941; p = 0.007) and professional accomplishment (OR = 1.490;95%CI = 1.098–2.023; p = 0.011). The subjects with trajectory of resilience against anxiety presented the lowest level of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (p

Objective: To assess whether the effects of oral administration of 300 mg of Cannabidiol (CBD) for 28 days on mental health are maintained for a period after the medication discontinuation.Methods: This is a 3-month follow-up observational and clinical trial study. The data were obtained from two studies performed simultaneously by the same team in the same period and region with Brazilian frontline healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Scales to assess emotional symptoms were applied weekly, in the first month, and at weeks eight and 12.Results: The primary outcome was that, compared to the control group, a significant reduction in General Anxiety Disorder-7 Questionnaire (GAD-7) from baseline values was observed in the CBD group on weeks two, four, and eight (Within-Subjects Contrasts, time-group interactions: F1-125 = 7.67; p = 0.006; ηp2 = 0.06; F1-125 = 6.58; p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.05; F1-125 = 4.28; p = 0.04; ηp2 = 0.03, respectively) after the end of the treatment.Conclusions: The anxiolytic effects of CBD in frontline health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic were maintained up to 1 month after the treatment discontinuation, suggesting a persistent decrease in anxiety in this group in the real world. Future double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm the present findings and weigh the benefits of CBD therapy against potential undesired or adverse effects.

Resumo: Caracteriza-se a maneira como estudantes de um curso médico, com diferentes recursos pessoais de adaptação, avaliam sua experiência de aprendizagem por meio da metodologia de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP), tendo como fonte de informação a participação em grupos de reflexão. O estudo foi desenvolvido com 12 estudantes do 2o ano do curso médico da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília. Os estudantes foram divididos em dois grupos diferenciados pelo nível adaptativo. Foram realizadas cinco reuniões de grupos de reflexão com cada um dos grupos, tendo como proposta básica que refletissem sobre a experiência de aprendizagem na ABP. Os grupos foram gravados em áudio e vídeo, sendo posteriormente categorizados e comparados. A análise dos dados sugere que o êxito da implantação da metodologia da ABP pode depender, em parte, dos recursos pessoais dos estudantes. Neste sentido, é necessário favorecer o desenvolvimento dos recursos pessoais e de maturidade dos estudantes, o que requer investimentos neste aspecto, já que a história acadêmica prévia, em geral, favorece pouco tais habilidades.

Health care workers from low- and middle-income countries have been playing a critical role in overcoming the challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic; yet little is known about the relationship between workplace protections and wellbeing of Brazilian health care workers during the pandemic. This study aimed to evaluate whether Brazilian health care workers were satisfied with their workplace measures to protect their physical and mental health during the pandemic, and to assess the associations of such levels of satisfaction with indicators of burnout. Licensed Brazilian health care professionals were recruited via popular media between 5/19/2020 and 8/23/2020 to complete an online survey including questions about their demographic/professional characteristics, satisfaction with their workplace protective measures during the pandemic, and validated questionnaires assessing neuroticism, resilient coping, and symptoms of burnout. Most participants reported being dissatisfied with their workplace measures to protect their physical (516, 56.3%) and mental health (756, 82.5%). In multivariable analysis adjusted for personal and environmental factors, dissatisfaction with workplace physical health protections was significantly associated with higher levels of emotional exhaustion (B = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.47–1.69) and depersonalization (B = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.10–1.12), and dissatisfaction with workplace mental health protections significantly associated with higher levels emotional exhaustion (B = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.40–1.95). Efforts to improve both physical and mental health protective measures are critical to guarantee that health care workers continue to provide care at their maximum capacity.

Abstract Behavioral problems have been associated with multiple variables; however, studies simultaneously investigating parenting practices, marital relationships in bi-parental families, maternal depression, and child behavior remain a gap in the literature. The objective was to verify associations between positive and negative parenting practices, marital relationships, social skills, and behavioral problems among children from bi-parental families with and those without maternal depression; to identify the predictive effect of positive and negative parenting practices, marital relationships, children’s social skills, and maternal depression, for internalizing, externalizing behavior problems and internalizing and externalizing comorbidities. A case-control study with a cross-sectional design was adopted to ensure the groups were homogeneous in regard to the children’s, mothers’, and families’ sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 35 mothers currently with depression and 35 without depression indicators participated in the study, while the children were 25 preschoolers and 23 school-aged children. The mothers responded to instruments addressing depression, child behavior, parenting practices, and marital relationships. The results reveal maternal depression associated with marital relationships, positive parenting, and context variables. Maternal depression and marital relationship were found to influence externalizing problems; maternal depression, child-rearing practices, marital relationships, and the children’s behavioral repertoires influence internalizing and externalizing comorbidities; and none of the independent variables influenced the occurrence of internalizing problems.

Abstract Regardless of family configurations, few studies address the concomitant assessment of mothers and fathers regarding their children’s behaviors and parenting practices. The objective was to compare and correlate the assessment of biological mothers and fathers of intact nuclear families on their parental practices and behavioral problems of their school-aged children. Fourth-two intact nuclear families answered to the following instruments: General Questionnaire, Parenting Style Inventory, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and Raven Progressive Matrices Test - Special Scale. The quantitative analysis showed that mothers and fathers presented similar assessments regarding the behavior of their children, though mothers reported more positive practices than fathers. Negative parenting styles were positively correlated with child behavioral problems. These findings contribute to the planning of preventive strategies and interventions directed to families.

Abstract There is a lack of free-of-charge validated instruments whereby parents and teachers may be respondents to assess child social skills. Social skills are known to prevent behavioral problems among preschool and school-aged children. This study fills in this gap, the objective of which is to assess the internal consistency and construct and discriminant validity of the Questionários de Respostas Socialmente Habilidosas [Socially Skillful Responses Questionnaire] - teachers’ version - SSRQ-Teachers and parents’ version - SSRQ-Parents. A total of 134 primary school and preschool teachers and 183 mothers/fathers/caregivers of 88 school-aged children and 95 preschoolers of both sexes participated in the study. In addition to the SSRQ teachers’ and parents’ versions, the participants completed an additional instrument: the teachers completed the Teacher Report Form - TRF and the parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The results obtained in the exploratory factor analysis and ROC curve analysis, along with alpha values, indicate good psychometric properties. Thus, the SSRQ-Teachers and SSRQ-Parents presented in this paper are appropriate for assessing both preschool and school-aged children.

Abstract Exposure to maternal depressive symptoms and negative parenting practices during childhood configures a vulnerability factor associated with behavior problems among children. This study aims to verify the predictive effects of maternal depression (main factor) on behavioral outcomes and maternal parenting practices, considering the sex of the children (covariate factor); and the predictive effect of maternal depression, parenting practices, and child’s sex on behavioral outcomes. The sample was composed of a community sample of 101 mother-child pairs. Mothers answered to: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders, Parenting Styles Inventory, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The covariance and multiple linear regressions analysis showed that being a boy, and specific practices of neglect, physical abuse, and permissive discipline were the main predictors of behavioral problems among children exposed to negative practices and maternal depression. These findings underline the role of the child’s sex in the interactions between variables, which could contribute to interventions in mental health.

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe and compare mothers’ and teachers’ reports concerning their educational social skills and negative practices and children’s behavioral problems and social skills. The mothers and teachers of 81 children participated in this study. The children were assigned to four groups depending on whether they presented problems exclusively at home, school, in both, or none of these contexts. Valid instruments measured educational practices and child behavior. The results show that: (a) mothers and teachers agreed that children with problems in both contexts presented the highest level of impairment; (b) the mothers more frequently reported skills such as affection, adopted negative practices, and identified problem behaviors; (c) the teachers reported more skills such as limit setting. The conclusion is that teachers’ and mothers’ practices differ, and such information can guide preventive programs and interventions.

The objective was to compare the mental health indicators of health workers providing care to individuals with COVID-19 in Brazil, considering sociodemographic and occupational variables and the risk perception of contamination by the Sars-CoV-2 of workers from different professions, identifying risk and protective factors. A sample of 916 health workers was assessed: physicians, nursing workers, and workers from other professions (psychologists, physical therapists, nutritionists, speech therapists, occupational therapists, dentists, pharmacists, and social workers). REDCAP software was used to collect data online, using standardized instruments to assess anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, and insomnia, and one questionnaire addressed risk and protective variables. Statistical techniques for comparing groups were used along with logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that all the groups presented indicators of significant mental health problems (>36%), especially the nursing group. A larger percentage of participants, regardless of the profession, presented a high rate of insomnia disorders, while posttraumatic stress was the least expressive. Occupational variables stand out as risk factors for mental health, with specificities among the different groups. A protective factor for all the groups was having positive professional prospects. The protective factors for the physicians group included support provided by co-workers, being older and a man, while being satisfied with physical protective measures implemented by the employing institution was a protective factor for the groups composed of nursing workers and other professionals. These findings are relevant for devising mental health care strategies.

Abstract This study aimed to correlate, compare and identify the family, personal and demographic variables that may predict behavioral problems in adolescents. A total of 300 adolescents participated, 230 with behavioral problems (177 girls and 53 boys; M= 14.00 years; SD=1.24) and 70 without (47 girls and 23 boys; M=14.09 years; SD=1.33). Data was collected through questionnaires and inventories completed by adolescents and analyzed using Pearson’s correlation, Student’s t-tests and multiple binary logistic regression. Results showed low self-control as a risk factor and social skills and low frequency of physical abuse and maternal neglect as protection factors. The model evaluated had a reasonable predictive power (79.9%, specificity 93.9% and sensitivity 34.3%). The findings contribute to the prevention of behavioral problems in adolescents.

No contexto escolar, habilidades sociais de professores e crianças, assim como problemas de comportamento concorrem para o desenvolvimento social e a aprendizagem dos alunos, verificando-se carência de instrumento que avalie de modo integrado tais variáveis. Com tal propósito, objetiva-se apresentar o instrumento RE-HSE-Pr e sua validação. O RE-HSE-Pr foi elaborado na mesma racional de instrumento já aferido, tendo os pais como fonte de informação, e sua apresentação após validação é de nove perguntas guias, organizadas em três eixos: Comunicação, Afeto e Estabelecimento de limites. Participaram da amostra os professores de 283 crianças pré-escolares e escolares que responderam ao RE-HSE-Pr e ao Teacher's Report Form. Procedeu-se, conforme as metodologias técnicas, as avaliações das validades de construto e discriminante e fidedignidade. Identificaram-se dois fatores (total positivo; total negativo), com alfa adequado e as análises discriminantes diferenciaram casos de não casos, meninos de meninas, pré-escolares de escolares. Os indicadores psicométricos foram satisfatórios.

Resumo As interfaces das práticas educativas maternas e problemas de comportamento são reconhecidas, contudo, carecem de estudos que abordem variáveis contextuais e pessoais específicas que podem interferir no uso de práticas positivas e negativas. Objetiva-se comparar as práticas parentais relatadas pelas mães de crianças pré-escolares e escolares considerando variáveis: demográficas, práticas educativas, relacionamento conjugal, depressão materna, problemas de comportamento e habilidades sociais. Foram participantes 151 mães biológicas e suas crianças. Estas informaram sobre práticas parentais, comportamentos dos filhos, depressão materna e variáveis demográficas. Com significância estatística identificou-se que: as habilidades sociais infantis, problemas de comportamento, relacionamento conjugal, escolaridade e renda familiar diferenciaram os grupos no que refere ao uso de práticas educativas; práticas positivas foram associadas às habilidades sociais infantis, e as negativas, aos problemas de comportamento; o uso das práticas positivas foi influenciado, para os escolares, pela depressão, renda familiar e escolaridade materna e, para os pré-escolares, pela escolaridade materna.

Abstract The study of chronic stress, potentially harmful to development, resents the focus of research on modal trends, not discriminating individual trajectories of chronicity. This study aimed to associate groups differentiated by the trajectory of stress, in children from the 1st to the 3rd year of Elementary School - Without Stress, Acute Stress and Chronic Stress, to the variables of protection or risk of the child and the school itself. One hundred and eleven students (56 boys) participated in the Child Stress Scale, Provinha Brasil, School Stressors Inventory and Social Skills Rating System - Teachers. Early childhood education, the Basic Education Index and the location of the school were considered. Comparison and prediction analyses were performed. Results indicated worse performance and greater perception of stressors in the group with chronic stress. Externalizing behavior, performance stressors and less permanence in Early Childhood Education contribute to chronicity. The focus on trajectories highlighted the vulnerability of chronically stressed children.

Background: With the release of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) has been updated to meet the revisions of the diagnostic criteria for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). However, the diagnostic utility and reliability of a Brazilian version of the new Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5) have not been investigated yet. Objective: To investigate the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and diagnostic utility of the complete version (21-item) and two abbreviated (8-item and 4-item) versions of the Brazilian PCL-5. Methods: A total of 85 individuals with a history of exposure to at least one traumatic event underwent a diagnostic interview using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5-CV) and completed the Brazilian version of the PCL-5. Moreover, participants were invited to complete the checklist for a second time 10–30 days after the first assessment. Results: Both the complete and abbreviated versions of the Brazilian PCL-5 showed good internal consistency (complete PCL-5, α = .96; 8-item, α = .93; 4-item, α = .85) and test-retest reliability (complete PCL-5, ICC .87 [95% CI, 0.65–0.95]; 8-item, ICC .84 [95% CI, 0.60–0.94]; 4-item, ICC .84 [95% CI, 0.58–0.94]). Diagnostic utility analyses using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5-CV) revealed that a cutoff point of 36 presented the higher overall efficiency for predicting a PTSD diagnosis Overall Efficiency (OE, .80) and corresponded to Youden’s index J (.65). For the 8-item version, a cutoff point of 13 corresponded to Youden’s index J (.61), while scores of 21 or more were associated with the highest OE (.78). For the 4-item PCL-5, scores > 7 presented the highest OE (.77) and corresponded to Youden’s index J (.59). Conclusions: Overall, the findings provide relevant evidence regarding the high reliability and diagnostic utility of this Brazilian version of the PCL-5.

Abstract This study aimed to describe the development and the empirical evidence of reliability and validity of an instrument that proposes to assess, in the context of maternal depression, family organization resources and cumulative risks in families with school-age children. The items were constructed based on protection processes and developmental outcomes. The Inventory was conducted during a semi-structured interview with a convenience sample: 100 mothers of school-age children, 50 of them diagnosed with recurrent depression and 50 without psychiatric disorders. Agreement analysis between the coding of interviews by independent evaluators indicated values higher than 85%. Based on the exploratory factor analysis, the final composition of the instrument was 31 items, distributed in the dimensions Family Organization and Negative Beliefs, with Cronbach’s alpha value of, respectively, 0.72 and 0.87. Statistically significant differences between the groups with and without depression sustained the discriminant validity of the instrument, enabling its use as a guiding resource for interventions.

Abstract The conclusion of the undergraduate course by university students in the time predicted by the curriculum is desirable for young people and for society. The aim was to verify the reliability, sensitivity and specificity of a broad set of predictors for academic performance of university students, who completed the undergraduate course within the time predicted by the curricula, through data mining methodology, provided by the Support Vector Machines algorithm. A simple approach is proposed for the prediction of course completion by students in a university in Brazil. The dataset has 170 students who finished the course and 117 who did not finish. With the proposed methodology, it was possible to predict the course completion by students with an accuracy of 79.5% when using the 19 original variables. An accuracy of 75% was found using only 05 variables: Course, year of the course, gender, initial and final academic performance.

Abstract This study’s objective was to identify the predictive effect of indicators concerning social vulnerability, chronic adversity, and maternal depression on behavioral problems among school-aged children, according to the perceptions of mothers and teachers, considering the presence or absence of difficulties in the contexts of family and school. A total of 85 pairs of mothers and school children were distributed into three groups according to the behavioral problems identified. A General Questionnaire, the PHQ-9, the Chronic Adversity Scale, and the (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) SDQ were applied to the mothers; the Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices were applied to the children; and the SDQ was applied to the teachers. Data were analyzed with descriptive, predictive, and comparative statistical procedures (p ≤ 0.05). The results reveal the presence of cumulative risks for children with behavioral problems; mothers more frequently identified behavioral problems than teachers; and maternal depression was a predictor for behavioral problems. Such findings are relevant for devising mental health programs.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la prevalencia de agotamiento y depresión en los profesores de primaria e investigar las posibles correlaciones entre el agotamiento, la depresión, demográficos y variables organizacionales. El estudio se llevó a cabo en las escuelas públicas, con la asistencia de 100 docentes del segundo al quinto año. Para la recolección de datos se utilizaron el Cuestionario General - Los maestros; síndrome de agotamiento por el Trabajo - ISB; y para la depresión del Cuestionario de Salud/Paciente - PHQ-9. Los maestros tenían una edad promedio de 41,95 años (DE=9,91), la mayoría (80%) se casó, trabajar hasta 30 horas por semana (61%). Con respecto al agotamiento se identificó prevalencia del 29%, las dimensiones del distanciamiento emocional se encontró en un 40% de los maestros, agotamiento emocional (37%), la humanización (22%) y el cumplimiento (11%). La depresión se identificó en el 23% de los profesores, y las correlaciones positivas y fuertes entre la depresión y el agotamiento de las dimensiones.

Abstract Given the recognition of the influence of maternal depression on the family environment, this study aimed to compare and verify the possible associations between the sociodemographic profile, stressor events and social support perceived by women/mothers with recurrent depression (G1), compared to women/mothers without psychiatric disorders (G2). The participants were 100 women with biological school-age children. The women responded to the instruments: General Questionnaire, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Adverse Events Scale, Chronic Adversity Scale and Semi-Structured Interview - Social Support. It was found that G1 presented significantly more stressor events and less perceived social support. In linear regression analysis, the depression was a significant condition for most of the stressful events, independent of the sociodemographic variables. However, schooling was the only condition that influenced the perceived social support. In mental health actions for women/mothers with depression, it is necessary to consider the coexistence of multiple stressor conditions and low perceived social support.

Abstract Literature shows a lack of studies regarding the influence of academic and socio-demographic characteristics in social skills of students without mental disorders. The aim of this work was to characterize and compare the social skills of university students without indicators of mental disorder, according to the academic and socio-demographic variables. The participants were 461 students from both genders and various areas, without mental disorders, based on the criteria of a structured clinical interview. Social skills were evaluated through the QHC-Universitários. Data was compared using statistical procedures. The students of full-time human science courses, those in the intermediate/final years and females were more skillful. The employed students from evening courses reported more skills in speaking in public, while living with other students seemed to promote more confrontation skills.

BACKGROUND:Despite the general agreement regarding the central role of the clinical learning environment in graduate medical education, its assessment remains challenging owing to the lack of available standardized measures. We report on the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric assessment of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of Seelig's Resident Questionnaire. METHODS:The present study was performed in two steps. First, a cross-cultural translation and adaptation of the Resident Questionnaire was conducted through multiple translations, synthesis of versions, back-translation, content validation, and face validation. Subsequently, a sample of 288 (72%) resident physicians enrolled in 40 residency programs at a Brazilian university hospital completed the following measures: 1) the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Resident Questionnaire (for factor analysis and to determine internal consistency, reliability, and validity); 2) three existing, validated psychometric measures (to determine convergent and divergent validity); and 3) a self-report questionnaire. RESULTS:Confirmatory factor analysis results provided support for the three-dimensional model of the Resident Questionnaire in use on a sample of Brazilian resident physicians, having been previously verified for use in American samples. All three factors (emotional distress, learning environment satisfaction, and workload satisfaction) verified in the confirmatory factor analysis showed good internal consistency (α > .80), reliability (Raykov's rho > .80), and correlations in the expected directions and magnitude with measures of depressive symptoms, duty hours, organizational conditions, and emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS:This study is the first to adapt a measure of the clinical learning environment of residency programs into Brazilian Portuguese. Our findings suggest that the adapted version of the Resident Questionnaire is valid and reliable for assessing Brazilian residency programs. This free, easy-access, and fast-application instrument may be a useful standardized measure for research and educational purposes concerning the clinical learning environments of resident physicians.

The aim of this study is to investigate mental health problems in children born small for gestational age (SGA) and those born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and to assess the association of these problems with child and family characteristics. Six hundred and seventy-seven children, belonging to a birth cohort from 1994 in Ribeirão Preto/SP (southeastern Brazil), were evaluated (140 SGA and 537 AGA). They were later reevaluated at school age (2004/2005) by means of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for mental health assessment (parent report). Results showed that children born SGA presented greater frequency of behavioral problems and emotional symptoms compared to children born AGA. Variables associated with mental health problems in the univariate model were: male sex, children born SGA, low educational level of parents, socioeconomic disadvantage, and belonging to families with many members. However, in multivariate analysis, two factors - being born SGA and father's low educational level - lost their statistical significance, and the other sociodemographic variables remained significant (male sex, low-level of maternal education, low socioeconomic level, families with many members). It has been concluded that being born SGA was not independently associated with mental health problems, but sociodemographic factors proved to be the predictors of this type of problem in the cohort studied.

Recognizing the conditions that minimize the impact of maternal depression on children has clinical relevance. The present review aimed to analyze recent empirical studies that have investigated the associations between maternal depression and different social support conditions for school-aged children. We systematically reviewed empirical articles indexed from 2007 to 2014 in the following databases: MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, LILACS and SciELO. Three keywords were used: maternal depression, social support and child behavior. Twenty-seven articles were included and analyzed. These studies included a broad range of contextual risk factors and social support conditions, and in their predictive models, it was found that less contextual risk and greater parental resources and social support were predictors of fewer problems for the children. The identification of social support sources that attenuate the effect of maternal depression on child outcomes has implications for the development of prevention and intervention programs.

The aim of this study was to investigate mental health problems, including behavioral and emotional problems, in a cohort of schoolchildren according to gender and to assess the associations of family characteristics and behavioral performance for boys and girls. Data from 677 children born in Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil, when they were 10/11 years old was available. The mental health assessment was performed using the Brazilian version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Results showed that the prevalence rates for boys and girls were, respectively: 41.7% and 34.5% for total difficulties score, 50.4% and 57.6% for emotional symptoms, 31.2% and 18.8% for hyperactivity, 38.8% and 27.6% for conduct problems, 27.1% and 26.7% for peer problems and, 4.7% and 2.7% for prosocial behavior. The family characteristics associated with behavioral problems were low socioeconomic status for boys and low maternal education and families with more than four members for girls.

Social anxiety is one of the most frequent mental health problems and there is no consensus regarding the relation between social skills and anxiety. This study aimed to compare the behavioral indicators of social skills presented by university students with social anxiety in relation to a non-clinical group, and to verify the predictive value of the social skills for social anxiety. Participants were 288 university students, 144 with Anxiety Disorder and 144 non-clinical. Social skills were assessed using the QHC-University (Social Skills, Behaviors and Context Assessment Questionnaire for University Students) and the IHS-Del-Prette instruments. Mental health indicators were assessed through screening and diagnostic instruments. Through univariate and multivariate analysis an association was found between social skills and anxiety, highlighting public speaking, potential, difficulties, and the total social skills score as predictors of social anxiety, which contributes to demonstrating the role the resources and difficulties play in this.

This study aimed to identify possible variables associated with cognitive, behavioral and emotional development in a cohort of school children, based on biological (sex, gestational age and birth weight) and socioeconomic variables (marital status, maternal and paternal education, occupation of head of household, socioeconomic status, and number of household members). We evaluated 790 children born in a cohort of Ribeirão Preto (SP), Brazil, with 10/11 years of age. The Raven Test was used for cognitive assessment and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was utilized for emotional and behavioral assessment. By means of multivariate logistic regression analysis (CI 95%) we found that: 1) low maternal schooling was associated with behavioral and emotional problems and poor cognitive function, 2) being female was considered as a protective factor against behavioral problems and 3) low birth weight and prematurity were not associated with the outcomes investigated.

OBJECTIVE: To adapt the trait version of the Self Statements during Public Speaking (SSPS) scale to a state version (SSPS-S) and to assess its discriminative validity for use in the Simulated Public Speaking Test (SPST). METHOD: Subjects with and without social anxiety disorder (n = 45) were assessed while performing the SPST, a clinical-experimental model of anxiety with seven different phases. RESULTS: Alterations in negative self-assessment occurred with significant changes throughout the different phases of the procedure (p = .05). Non-cases presented significantly higher mean values of the SSPS-S in all phases of the procedure than cases (p < .01). CONCLUSION: Cases assessed themselves in a less positive and more negative manner during the SPST than did non-cases. SSPS-S is adequate for this assessment, especially its negative subscale, and shows good psychometric qualities.

O falar em público tem sido considerado um importante estressor psicossocial. Objetivou-se, comparar e caracterizar o repertório de habilidades sociais apresentado por universitários portadores de Transtorno de Ansiedade Social (TAS) e não portadores frente a uma situação experimental estruturada, o Teste de Simulação de Falar em Público (TSFP). Participaram 26 universitários, sendo 13 com diagnóstico de TAS (grupo caso de TAS) e 13 não portadores de transtornos psiquiátricos (grupo não-caso). Esses grupos não apresentaram diferenças significativas para a maioria dos marcadores comportamentais de ansiedade. Um número maior de sujeitos do grupo não-caso foi avaliado como apresentando um nível de habilidades sociais apropriadas para falar em público, em comparação ao grupo caso. Os grupos diferiram significativamente na maioria dos itens indicativos da habilidade de falar em público do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS-Del-Prette). Considera-se que a avaliação por meio do TSFP pode favorecer o planejamento de programas de treinamento em habilidades sociais.

Este estudo objetivou verificar as associações entre as manifestações clínicas e comportamentais do Transtorno de Ansiedade Social (TAS) e aferir a validade discriminativa do Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS-Del-Prette) no diagnóstico deste transtorno. Participaram 1006 estudantes universitários, na faixa etária entre 17 e 35 anos, de ambos os gêneros. Posteriormente, 86 participantes foram randomicamente selecionados desta amostra inicial e agrupados como casos e não-casos de TAS por meio de avaliação clínica sistemática. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que quanto mais elaborado for o repertório de habilidades sociais de um indivíduo, menor será a sua probabilidade de satisfazer os critérios de rastreamento de indicadores diagnósticos para o TAS. Além disso, o IHS-Del-Prette demonstrou distinguir significativamente indivíduos com e sem TAS, evidenciando-se a sua validade discriminativa.This study aimed to assess the relationship between clinical and behavioral manifestations of the Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and verify the discriminative validity of the Social Skills Inventory (SSI-Del-Prette) in the diagnosis of this disorder. The participants were 1,006 undergraduates, aged between 17 and 35 years old, both genders. Subsequently, 86 participants were randomly selected from the initial sample and grouped as SAD cases and non-SAD cases through systematic clinical evaluation. The results indicated that the more elaborate the repertoire of social skills of an individual is, the lower his/her likelihood of meeting the screening criteria of diagnostic indicators for SAD. Furthermore, the SSI-Del-Prette has demonstrated to significantly distinguish individuals with and without SAD, evidencing, thus, its discriminative validity.

The aim of this study was to compare behavioral profile and school performance of school-age children living with a mother who presents clinical history of recurrent depression, diagnosed according to CID-10 criteria in order to verify the influences of such adversity. Thirty-eight mother-child dyads were evaluated using tests, interviews and questionnaires. Approximately two-thirds of the children presented behavioral and school performance difficulties with predominance of emotional and relationship problems, and impairment in the three areas of school performance which were assessed (writing, arithmetic and reading). Such difficulties may be associated with the negative impact of maternal depression. One-third of the children did not present difficulties, which suggests the use of protective mechanisms. The study highlights the importance of considering differences in children's profiles for the planning of mental health practices.Objetivou-se comparar o perfil comportamental e de desempenho escolar de crianças, em idade escolar, que convivem com mães com história clínica de depressão recorrente, diagnosticada de acordo com os critérios da CID-10, visando verificar as influências dessa adversidade para as crianças. Foram avaliadas 38 duplas mãe-criança por testes, entrevista e questionários. Aproximadamente dois terços das crianças apresentaram dificuldades comportamentais e de desempenho escolar, predominando problemas emocionais, nos relacionamentos e nas três áreas avaliadas do desempenho escolar (escrita, aritmética e leitura), evidenciando o possível impacto da depressão materna. Um terço das crianças não apresentou dificuldades, sugerindo a ação de mecanismos protetores. Destaca-se a relevância de se considerar tais diferenças no perfil das crianças no planejamento de práticas de saúde mental.

A frequente correlação entre o comportamento social de crianças e o desempenho acadêmico tem sido amplamente reconhecida. Objetiva-se investigar as possíveis correlações entre habilidades sociais, problemas de comportamento e desempenho acadêmico de crianças. A amostra consistiu de 80 crianças de escolas públicas da região sudeste (60%) e norte (40%) do Brasil, com idade média de 8,15 anos e desvio padrão igual a 0,68, sendo 57,5% meninos e 42,5% meninas. As crianças foram avaliadas por meio do Teste de Desempenho Escolar e os pais e professoras dessas crianças responderam, de forma independente, ao Sistema de Avaliação de Habilidades Sociais. As variáveis foram tratadas pelo teste de correlação de Spearman. Os resultados mostraram que as habilidades sociais têm maior probabilidade de promover o desempenho escolar de crianças do que os problemas de comportamento de prejudicá-lo, com implicações estratégicas para a intervenção e prevenção das dificuldades de aprendizagem.

A identificação de práticas parentais contingentes aos comportamentos dos filhos é importante para subsidiar intervenções. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar práticas educativas parentais e comportamentos de crianças de um grupo de crianças considerado clínico/com problema de comportamento (n = 27), com um grupo de crianças não clínico/sem problema de comportamento (n = 26). O critério de inclusão das crianças nos grupos clínico e não clínico foi obtido a partir do CBCL, e os dados da interação pais-filhos foram colhidos por meio do Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais (RE-HSE-P), que avalia práticas positivas e negativas de educação, contexto, problemas de comportamento e habilidades sociais infantis. Procedeu-se às análises qualitativa e quantitativa (Teste Mann Whitney) de forma a comparar os grupos. Os resultados apontam que os comportamentos que diferenciam os grupos clínico e não clínico são, sobretudo, os relacionados às práticas educativas positivas e às habilidades sociais infantis.

Constata-se uma carência de instrumentos que avaliem habilidades sociais de crianças da educação infantil, de modo a predizer problemas comportamentais e instrumentar ações preventivas, justificando a proposição de instrumentos. Objetivou-se testar propriedades psicométricas de validade e confiabilidade do Questionário de Respostas Socialmente Habilidosas para pais (QRSH-Pais). Foram avaliados por suas mães 131 pré-escolares, diferenciados em subgrupos com e sem problema de comportamento com base na Escala Comportamental Infantil (ECI-Pais e ECI-Professor). Procedeu-se aos estudos de validade discriminativa e concorrente e a verificação da consistência interna pelo alfa de Cronbach. Os resultados apontaram para indicadores positivos de consistência interna e validade discriminativa. Considera-se que o questionário está aferido para avaliação de habilidades sociais em pré-escolares, podendo ser utilizado em pesquisas de avaliação e de intervenção clínica controlada.There is a lack of social skills evaluation instruments for preschoolers, which may work as useful tools by psychologists, to predict behavior problems and plan preventive actions. This lack justifies the elaboration and assessment of such instruments. The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of reliability and validity of the Social Skills Questionnaire - Parents Version (SSQ-P). For that purpose, mothers of 131 preschoolers evaluated their children, in subgroups with or without behavioral problems, based on the Child Behavior Scale (CBS-Parents and CBS-Teacher). We assessed internal consistency by means of the Cronbach's alpha and conducted concurrent and discriminant validity analyses. The results pointed to positive indicators of internal consistency and discriminant validity. The questionnaire is considered to be gauged for the evaluation of preschool children social skills and is as well applicable in assessment surveys and controlled clinical interventions.

It was characterized the psychological profile of 16 women before and after bariatric surgery, using Rorschach Test. The evaluations were performed before surgery and reevaluations occurred within three and seven months after the intervention. Data were coded and quantified according Rorschach Test recommendations. The evaluations were compared using Wilconxon Test (p

O Desenho da Figura Humana (DFH) é uma das técnicas de avaliação psicológica mais conhecidas e utilizadas no Brasil, podendo informar sobre características da imagem corporal do indivíduo, tema relevante na atualidade, quando a representação do corpo tem assumido grande destaque social. Neste contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a representação da imagem corporal expressa no DFH (proposta de Machover) de adultos de diferentes índices de massa corporal (IMCs). Participaram do estudo 120 voluntários, de idades entre 18 e 55 anos, dos sexos masculino e feminino, saudáveis, residentes em Ribeirão Preto (SP), distribuídos em quatro grupos de IMC (abaixo do peso, peso normal, sobrepeso e acima do peso). Os desenhos foram classificados por juízes independentes, adotando-se o sistema proposto por Van Kolck. Os resultados indicaram poucas diferenças significativas entre os itens avaliativos do DFH e os diferentes grupos de IMC, apontando limites informativos na investigação da imagem corporal de adultos por meio desta técnica.El Dibujo de la Figura Humana (DFH) es una de las técnicas de evaluación psicológica más conocidas y utilizadas en Brasil que puede informar sobre características de la imagen corporal del individuo, tema relevante en la actualidad cuando la representación del cuerpo ha asumido gran destaque social. En este contexto, se buscó evaluar la representación de la imagen corporal, expresa en el DFH (propuesta de Machover), de adultos de diferentes índices de masa corporal (IMC). Participaron del estudio 120 voluntarios, de 18 a 55 años, de los sexos femenino y masculino, saludables, residentes en Ribeirão Preto (SP), distribuidos en cuatro grupos de IMC (abajo del peso, peso normal, sobrepeso y exceso de peso). Los dibujos fueron clasificados por jueces independientes, adoptándose el sistema propuesto por Van Kolck. Los resultados indicaron pocas diferencias significativas entre los ítems evaluadores del DFH y los diferentes grupos de IMC, señalando límites informativos en la investigación de la imagen corporal de adultos por medio de esta técnica.The Human Figure Drawing (HFD) is one of the most known and employed techniques of psychological evaluation in Brazil, informing body image characteristics of individuals, a currently relevant issue in which body image representation has assumed a great social importance. In this context, body image representation, expressed through the HFD (proposed by Machover), was evaluated in adults with distinct body mass indexes (BMI). Participants included 120 healthy volunteers, from 18 to 55 years of age, males and females, resident in Ribeirão Preto (SP), and classified in four groups of BMI (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese). The drawings were classified by independent judges, by adopting the system proposed by Van Kolck. The results indicate few meaningful differences among the evaluated items of the HFD and the distinct groups of BMI, indicating informative limits in the investigation of body image of adults through this technique.

Comportamentos de pais e de filhos influenciam-se mutuamente. Crianças com alterações de linguagem relacionadas ou não à perda auditiva, podem apresentar dificuldades de relacionamento com os irmãos e seus pares. Assim, a investigação das práticas educativas parentais e do repertório comportamental infantil é fundamental para a busca de intervenções efetivas para essas crianças. O estudo tem como objetivos: (a) comparar o repertório positivo e negativo de mães e crianças com deficiência auditiva (DA) e distúrbio de linguagem (DL); (b) comparar cada uma das deficiências com grupo não clinico; (c) correlacionar comportamentos para cada uma das deficiências. Participaram deste estudo 72 mães, cujos filhos apresentavam DA (n = 27), DL (n = 19) ou compunha uma população não clínica (n = 26). O instrumento utilizado foi o Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais, que avalia a ocorrência de habilidades sociais aplicáveis às práticas educativas. Os resultados evidenciaram a associação entre práticas positivas e habilidades sociais, bem como entre práticas negativas e problemas de comportamento. O grupo de DL não apresentou mais problemas que as crianças não clínicas, sugerindo a participação de intervenções de caráter preventivo, facilitando a inclusão social. Por outro lado as crianças com DA apresentaram menos habilidades sociais, bem como suas mães, menos habilidades sociais educativas. Este estudo evidencia a importância da metodologia empregada na reabilitação de crianças com distúrbios da comunicação, sobretudo para aquelas com DA visando o beneficio de programas educativos de promoção do repertório parental positivo integrados aos objetivos da fonoterapia.The behavior of parents and children are mutually influential. Children with language disorders, whether or not they are related to hearing loss, may present difficulties in relationships with siblings and peers. Thus, the investigation of parenting practices and child behavioral repertoire is essential for finding effective interventions for these children. This study aims to: (a) compare the positive and negative repertoire of mothers and children with hearing impairments (HI) and language disorder (LD); (b) compare each of the disabilities to a non-clinical population, (c) correlate behaviors for each of the disabilities. Seventy two mothers whose children presented HI (n = 27), LD (n = 19), or composed a non-clinic population (n = 26) participated in this study. The instrument used was the Roadmap Interview Social Skills for parenting, which assesses the occurrence of social skills applicable to educational practice. The results showed positive association between practices and social skills, as well as between negative practices and behavior problems. The LD group did not present more problems than non-clinical children, suggesting the involvement of preventive intervention that facilitates social inclusion. On the other hand, children with HI presented few social skills, and their mothers, likewise, presented few social educational skills. Aiming to enhance educational programs that promote positive parental repertoire including the goals of speech-language and hearing loss therapy, this study highlights the importance of the methodology that was employed in rehabilitating children with communication disorders, particularly for those with HI.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar pedidos de interconsulta psiquiátrica realizados para dois hospitais gerais universitários brasileiros e avaliar a aplicabilidade de um protocolo de registro de interconsulta psiquiátrica (PRISMe). Foi realizada análise dos pedidos de interconsulta, do PRISMe anexado a eles e o número total de pedidos de interconsulta incluídos na amostra foi 541 (438 pedidos de interconsulta do HCFMRP-USP e 103 pedidos de interconsulta do HU-UFSC). Observou-se maior freqüência de solicitação para pacientes do sexo feminino, caucasianos, entre 31 a 60 anos e casados. Os diagnósticos psiquiátricos mais freqüentes foram depressão, transtornos de adaptação e de personalidade. Os resultados estão de acordo com a literatura nacional e internacional e as diferenças encontradas podem ser atribuídas às diferenças na infra-estrutura das instituições e nos contextos sócio-econômicos nos quais estão inseridas. Achados do presente estudo demonstram a aplicabilidade do PRISMe e sugerem que podem facilitar a sistematização da obtenção de achados clínico-demográficos e a comparabilidade entre as diferenças.The objective of the present report was to compare consultative psychiatric services in two Brazilian university hospitals and to evaluate the applicability of a standardized protocol (PRISMe) for recording psychiatric liaison consultations. Analyses of psychiatric consultations and the attached protocol were performed. 541 consecutive liaison consultations were included in the final sample (438 consecutive consultations from the Federal university hospital in São Paulo and 103 from the Federal university hospital in Santa Catarina). In both hospitals, the majority of patients were female, married, white, and 31 to 60 years of age. Depression and adjustment and personality disorders were the most common psychiatric diagnoses, which could explain the higher referral of female patients. The results are consistent with the Brazilian and international literature, and the differences between the two hospitals could be related to both logistical differences between the consultative psychiatric services and the socioeconomic contexts. The findings confirm the applicability of the PRISMe and suggest that systematization of clinical and demographic information is important for future comparative studies.

O estudo das habilidades sociais educativas parentais se reveste de importância por promoverem o desenvolvimento e a aprendizagem dos filhos nas situações de interação. Objetiva-se testar as propriedades psicométricas de validade e fidedignidade do instrumento Roteiro de Entrevista de Habilidades Sociais Educativas Parentais. Procedeu-se: a) a avaliação da fidedignidade teste-reteste, tendo como amostra 41 participantes avaliados em dois momentos, com um intervalo de dois meses e ao cálculo do alfa de Cronbach; b) aos estudos de validade de constructo e discriminativa com 213 pais de crianças em idade pré-escolar (n = 114) e do ensino fundamental (n = 98), diferenciados em grupos: a) procura por atendimento x crianças da comunidade sem problemas, e b) crianças com problemas de comportamento x crianças sem problemas. Os resultados indicaram valores satisfatórios de consistência interna e de validade e a análise fatorial apontou uma estrutura composta por dois fatores: interação positiva pais-filhos e interação negativa pais-filhos.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to carry out the cross- cultural validation for Brazilian Portuguese of the Social Phobia Inventory, an instrument for the evaluation of fear, avoidance and physiological symptoms associated with social anxiety disorder. METHOD: The process of translation and adaptation involved four bilingual professionals, appreciation and approval of the back- translation by the authors of the original scale, a pilot study with 30 Brazilian university students, and appreciation by raters who confirmed the face validity of the Portuguese version, which was named " Inventário de Fobia Social" . As part of the psychometric study of the Social Phobia Inventory, analysis of the items and evaluation of the internal consistency of the instrument were performed in a study conducted on 2314 university students. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that item 11, related to the fear of public speaking, was the most frequently scored item. The correlation of the items with the total score was quite adequate, ranging from 0.44 to 0.71, as was the internal consistency, which ranged from 0.71 to 0.90. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Social Phobia Inventory proved to be adequate regarding the psychometric properties initially studied, with qualities quite close to those of the original study. Studies that will evaluate the remaining indicators of validity of the Social Phobia Inventory in clinical and non-clinical samples are considered to be opportune and necessary.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a validação transcultural para o português do Brasil do Social Phobia Inventory, um instrumento para avaliação e mensuração dos sintomas de medo, evitação e sintomas fisiológicos associados ao transtorno de ansiedade social. MÉTODO: O processo de tradução e adaptação envolveu quatro profissionais bilingües, apreciação e aprovação da back- translation pelos autores da escala original, estudo piloto com 30 universitários brasileiros e apreciação por juízes que atestaram a validade de face da versão para o português, a qual foi denominada de Inventário de Fobia Social. Como parte do estudo psicométrico do Social Phobia Inventory, realizou- se a análise dos itens e a avaliação da consistência interna numa amostra de 2.314 estudantes universitários. RESULTADOS: Os resultados evidenciaram que o item mais pontuado foi o 11, relativo ao medo de falar em público. A correlação dos itens com o escore total foi bastante adequada, variando entre 0,44 e 0,71, bem como a consistência interna, que variou entre 0,71 e 0,90. DISCUSSÃO/CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu- se que o Social Phobia Inventory na versão para o português do Brasil mostrou- se adequado quanto às propriedades psicométricas inicialmente estudadas, com qualidade bastante próxima à do estudo original. Considera- se oportuno e necessário estudos que avaliem os demais indicadores de validade do Social Phobia Inventory, com amostras clínicas e não-clínicas.

OBJECTIVE: The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a screening instrument for physical nicotine dependence and is extensively used in various countries. The objective of the present report was to review articles related to the psychometric properties of the FTND. METHODS: A systematic search for articles published up through December of 2007 was carried out in various electronic databases. The following search terms were used: "Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence"; "FTND"; "psychometric"; "validity"; "reliability"; "feasibility"; and "factors". We included articles published in English, Spanish or Portuguese and in which the psychometric properties of the FTND were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies related to the psychometric properties of the FTND were identified in the indexed literature. Analysis of the studies confirmed the reliability of the FTND for the assessment of nicotine dependence in different settings and populations. CONCLUSIONS: Further validation studies using previously validated instruments as a comparative measure are needed before the extensive use of the FTND can be justified on the basis of its psychometric qualities.OBJETIVO: O Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND, Teste de Fagerström para Dependência de Nicotina) é um instrumento de rastreamento para dependência física de tabaco, amplamente utilizado em diversos países. Objetivou-se realizar uma revisão de artigos relacionados às propriedades psicométricas do FTND. MÉTODOS: Uma busca sistemática foi realizada usando-se vários indexadores eletrônicos até dezembro de 2007, com os seguintes descritores: "Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence"; "FTND"; "psychometric"; "validity"; "reliability"; "feasibility"; e "factors". Foram incluídos os artigos relacionados à avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do FTND publicados em inglês, espanhol e português. RESULTADOS: Vinte e seis estudos relativos às propriedades psicométricas do FTND foram identificados na literatura indexada. A análise dos estudos confirmou a confiabilidade do FTND na avaliação da dependência de tabaco em diferentes contextos e populações. CONCLUSÕES: Futuros estudos de validação, utilizando como medida comparativa instrumentos aferidos, de modo a referendar o seu extenso uso pelas suas qualidades psicométricas ainda são necessários.

A pesquisa foi realizada no contexto da disciplina de odontopediatria em uma clínica-escola. Objetivou-se caracterizar os problemas comportamentais das crianças atendidas e as manifestações de estresse das crianças, dos seus acompanhantes e dos alunos de odontologia, além de identificar o medo diante do tratamento odontológico dos acompanhantes e as possíveis associações entre as manifestações de estresse e a colaboração das crianças em face dos procedimentos odontológicos. Participaram do estudo 110 crianças, 110 acompanhantes e 70 alunos. Procedeu-se à aplicação dos seguintes instrumentos: Escala de Estresse Infantil; Escala Comportamental A2 de Rutter; Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse de Lipp; Dental Fear Survey. Constatou-se que o atendimento odontopediátrico mostrou-se permeado de manifestações de estresse por parte das crianças, acompanhantes e alunos, condição pouco favorecedora da aprendizagem dos alunos e de comportamentos de colaboração com o atendimento por parte das crianças, o que se fez presente em procedimentos de diferentes níveis de invasão.La investigación fue realizada en el contexto de la disciplina de odontopediatría en una clínica escuela. Tuvo como objetivo caracterizar los problemas comportamentales de los niños asistidos y las manifestaciones de estrés de los niños, de sus acompañantes y de los alumnos de odontología, además de identificar el miedo ante el tratamiento odontológico de los acompañantes y las posibles asociaciones entre las manifestaciones de estrés y la colaboración de los niños ante a los procedimientos odontológicos. Participaron del estudio 110 niños, 110 acompañantes y 70 alumnos. Se hizo la aplicación de los siguientes instrumentos: Escala de Estrés Infantil; Escala Comportamental A2 de Rutter; Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés de Lipp; Dental Fear Survey. Se constató que en la asistencia odontopediátrica hubo manifestaciones de estrés, en los niños, acompañantes y alumnos, condición poco favorecedora del aprendizaje de los alumnos y hubo, también, comportamientos de colaboración con la asistencia por parte de los niños, lo que se hizo presente en procedimientos de diferentes niveles de invasión.Current study, carried out at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, characterizes behavioral problems and stress manifestations in children undergoing dental treatment and identifies possible links between children's cooperation in dental procedures. Manifestations of stress in the accompanying person and in the dental student practicing the treatment were identified, showing the manner they influence the child behavior during the procedure. One hundred and ten children, 110 accompanying persons and 70 students participated in the study. The following instruments were applied: Child Stress Scale, Rutter Parent Scale A2, Lipp Stress Symptoms Inventory, and Dental Fear Survey. Since dental treatment was permeated with stress manifestations by children, accompanying persons and dentistry students, such conditions did not favor the dentistry students' learning or the children's cooperative behavior. Manifestations were present regardless of the invasiveness degree of the procedure.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was designed to screen for behavioral problems in youths based on cutoff points that favor the instrument’s diagnostic sensitivity. The present study aimed to analyze the discriminative validity of the SDQ to identify behavioral difficulties and prosocial resources in school-age children compared with the diagnostic data collected by the corresponding sections of the Development and Well-being Assessment (DAWBA). In addition, new cutoff points that value specificity were defined for the SDQ scales, exploring its diagnostic potential. This study was conducted in Brazil and assessed a community convenience sample that consisted of 120 children aged 6 to 12 years who were not under psychological/psychiatric treatment. The mothers of the participants also completed a sociodemographic questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to clinically characterize the sample. A ROC curve was used to assess the discriminant validity of the SDQ, and new cutoff points were established to maximize the instrument’s specificity. The new cutoff points enabled a significant increase in specificity without a significant loss of sensitivity, which favors approaches based on measures of screening and diagnosis yet does not damage the instrument’s screening capacity. The following increases were observed: 100% for the depressive disorder scale (cutoff point=7), 95.1% for the generalized anxiety disorder scale (cutoff point=7), 46.6% for the conduct disorder scale (cutoff point=6), 19.2% for the hyperactive disorder scale (cutoff point=8), and 27.6% for the antisocial personality disorder scale (cutoff point=6). A cutoff point of 8 was applied to the prosocial behavior scale, which exhibited a 62.1% increase in specificity. The use of more specific cutoff points generated more accurate results and favored SDQ's use, particularly in contexts of care that require more precise and faster procedures for identification of problems.

OBJECTIVE: To present the translation and validation of the Brief Social Phobia Scale for use in Brazilian Portuguese, to develop a structured interview guide in order to systemize its use and to perform a preliminary study of inter-rater reliability. METHOD: The instrument was translated and adapted to Portuguese by specialists in anxiety disorders and rating scales. A structured interview guide was created with the aim of covering all of the items of the instrument and grouping them into six categories. Specialists in mental health evaluated the guide. These professionals also watched the videotaped interviews of patients with and without social anxiety disorders, and, based on the interview guide, they rated the scale to evaluate its reliability. RESULTS: No semantic or linguistic adjustments were needed. For the complete scale, the general evaluation showed a percentage of agreement of 0.84 and intraclass coefficient of 0.91. The mean inter-rater correlation was 0.84. CONCLUSIONS: The Portuguese-language version of the Brief Social Phobia Scale is available for use in the Brazilian population, with rather acceptable indicators of inter-rater reliability. The interview guide was useful in providing these values. Further studies are needed in order to improve the reliability and to study other psychometric properties of the instrument.

Objetivou-se investigar, através da Escala de Desenhos de Silhuetas, a percepção de tamanho e forma corporal de 150 mulheres, divididas com base no índice de massa corporal (IMC) em cinco grupos: não-obesidade, sobrepeso e obesidade graus I, II e III. As escolhas foram classificadas em representações de tamanho e forma corporal normal, real e ideal. Evidenciou-se que as escolhas de homem e mulher de tamanhos normais, nos cinco grupos, foram associadas a representações de baixo peso. Na auto-avaliação de tamanho e forma corporal real, notou-se ampla distribuição de escolhas, sendo que, com exceção do grupo com sobrepeso, a maioria das mulheres dos demais grupos fez escolhas compatíveis com seu IMC. O tamanho e forma corporal ideal foram associados a figuras representativas de baixo peso. Os dados apontam para a relevância das diferenças entre adequação da percepção real e ideal, sinalizando a direção das dificuldades relativas à autopercepção corporal.The objective of the present study was to investigate women's size and shape body perception using the Nine-figure Outline Scale. A total of 150 women were divided into five groups according to body mass index (BMI): non-obese, overweight and grade I, II and III obese women. The options were classified in representations of normal, real and ideal body size and shape. It was evident that the men and women's choice for normal sizes, in the five groups, were predominantly connected to the representation of low body weight. In the self-assessment of the real body size and shape, it was noticed a broad distribution of choices, although with the exception of the pre-obesity group, the majority of women from the other groups made compatible choices with their BMI. The ideal body size and shape was associated with representative figures of low body weight. The data indicate the relevance of the differences between the adequacy of real and ideal perception, pointing at the difficulties related to body self-perception.