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Hypervalent iodine (HVI) reagents have gained much attention as versatile oxidants because of their low toxicity, mild reactivity, easy handling, and availability. Despite their unique reactivity and other advantageous properties, stoichiometric HVI reagents are associated with the disadvantage of generating non-recyclable iodoarenes as waste/co-products. To overcome these drawbacks, the syntheses and utilization of various recyclable hypervalent iodine reagents have been established in recent years. This review summarizes the development of various recyclable non-polymeric, polymer-supported, ionic-liquid-supported, and metal–organic framework (MOF)-hybridized HVI reagents. 1 Introduction 2 Polymer-Supported Hypervalent Iodine Reagents 2.1 Polymer-Supported Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents 2.2 Polymer-Supported Hypervalent Iodine(V) Reagents 3 Non-Polymeric Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine Reagents 3.1 Non-Polymeric Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents 3.2 Recyclable Non-Polymeric Hypervalent Iodine(V) Reagents 3.3 Fluorous Hypervalent Iodine Reagents 4 Ionic-Liquid/Ion-Supported Hypervalent Iodine Reagents 5 Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Hybridized Hypervalent Iodine Reagents 6 Conclusion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemistry of hypervalent iodine compounds has been widely recognized in the synthetic community. The utilization of hypervalent iodine compounds as stoichiometric reagents as well as catalysts has tremendously been studied in recent decades. Hypervalent iodine (V)-catalyzed reactions are proven to be versatile catalytic systems to access various oxidative transformations. In this review, the versatility of hypervalent iodine (V)- catalyzed reactions have been discussed in detail. This review highlights the oxidation of various substrates using catalytic amounts of o-iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX), modified IBX derivatives, o-iodoxybenzenesulfonic acid (IBS), recyclable iodine (V), and non-cyclic/pseudocyclic iodine (V) compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood-rot fungi are known to be saprophytic, they are grown on most of the organic and decaying matters. These fungi have an ability to produce coloured pigments in in-vitro cultures when they are grown in specific growth media. The pigment producing capacity of such fungi depends on the composition and pH of media. Various coloured compounds can be obtained by changing the concentration of component of growth media for such fungi. The most commonly used growth media for in-vitro culturing of woodrot fungi are Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and Potato dextrose broth (PDB) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and Sabouraud dextrose broth (SDB). Current study conducted of Ganoderma lucidum, a commonly occurring wood-rot fungi, it has been observed that the production of pigment in G. lucidum was dependent on various growth media and their components. The fungus forms white patchy, non-pigmented colonies when cultured on PDA medium whereas it showed pigmented growth on SDA medium. Further, by replacing each nutrient component in the growth medium one by one, it has been determined that the component plays a vital role in pigment production by G. lucidum. It has been remarkably established that pigment production in the fungus is totally dependent on peptone concentration. Additionally, Nature of pigment has been studied by carbon and hydrogen ratio which has been in correlation with the substrate provided in the growth medium. The pigment obtained by the study were further evaluated for thermal and pH stability which showed promising results as pigment was unaffected till 60°C and there was no colour change detected with various pH solutions. Therefore, this study focuses on the potential applications of pigment obtained from G. lucidum as a natural pigment in textile and food industry by evaluating proper cytotoxic and structural analytical studies in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanorobotics, situated at the intersection of nanotechnology and robotics, holds the potential for revolutionary impact on precision medicine and medical interventions. This review explores the design, navigation, drug delivery, and applications of nanorobots. Architectural intricacies, sensor integration, and navigation strategies, both active and passive, are discussed. Nanorobots are poised to play a pivotal role in controlled drug delivery and personalized medicine, including disease-specific targeting. Their applications span across various domains, including cancer therapy, neurological interventions, and emerging fields. Despite the promises, challenges such as technological hurdles, regulatory considerations, and safety concerns are also acknowledged. The review anticipates a transformative impact on healthcare, offering a comprehensive guide for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers navigating the evolving landscape of nanorobotics., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

The second most common type of cancer is lung cancer, impacting the human population. Lung cancer is treated with a number of surgical and non-surgical therapies, including radiation, chemotherapy, and photodynamic treatment. However, the bulk of these procedures are costly, difficult, and hostile to patients. Chemotherapy is distinguished by inadequate tumour targeting, low drug solubility, and insufficient drug transport to the tumour site. In order to deal with the issues related to chemotherapy, extensive efforts are underway to develop and investigate various types of nanoparticles, both organic and inorganic, for the treatment of lung cancer. The subject of this review is the advancements in research pertaining to active targeted lung cancer nano-drug delivery systems treatment, with a specific emphasis on receptors or targets. The findings of this study are expected to assist biomedical researchers in utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) as innovative tools for lung cancer treatment, offering new methods for delivering drugs and reliable solid ligands., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that has traditionally been treated using a variety of pharmacological compounds. However, the effectiveness of these treatments is often limited due to challenges associated with their administration. Oral and parenteral routes of drug delivery are often restricted due to issues such as low bioavailability, rapid metabolism, poor absorption, first-pass effect, and severe side effects. In recent years, nanocarrier-based delivery methods have emerged as a promising alternative for overcoming these challenges. Nanocarriers, including nanoparticles, dendrimers, micelles, nanoemulsions, and stimuli-sensitive carriers, possess unique properties that enable efficient drug delivery and targeted therapy. Using nanocarriers makes it possible to circumvent traditional administration routes' limitations. One of the key advantages of nanocarrier- based delivery is the ability to overcome resistance or intolerance to traditional antirheumatic therapies. Moreover, nanocarriers offer improved drug stability, controlled release kinetics, and enhanced solubility, optimizing the therapeutic effect. They can also protect the encapsulated drug, prolonging its circulation time and facilitating sustained release at the target site. This targeted delivery approach ensures a higher concentration of the therapeutic agent at the site of inflammation, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes. This article explores potential developments in nanotherapeutic regimens for RA while providing a comprehensive summary of current approaches based on novel drug delivery systems. In conclusion, nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising solution for improving the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Further advancements in nanotechnology hold promise for enhancing the efficacy and safety of RA therapies, offering new hope for patients suffering from this debilitating disease., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)