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Abstract Background Cervical cancer is a significant health issue, especially in low- and middle-income countries like India, where it ranks fourth among women. The Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, a vital preventive measure, has suboptimal uptake among nursing students. We aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, willingness, and reasons for non-uptake of HPV vaccination among nursing students. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2023, using a total enumeration method. Data were collected from 313 nursing students using a validated questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, knowledge, attitudes, and reasons for non-uptake of HPV vaccination. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, while binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with knowledge, attitude, and willingness for HPV vaccination. Results The mean age of the students was 20.98 ± 2.38 years, with the majority being females (81.2%) and unmarried (93.0%). About half of the participants demonstrated moderate knowledge (52.4%) and negative attitudes (50.1%) towards HPV vaccination, with none having received the vaccine. Female students had 4.24 times the odds of having good knowledge (AOR = 4.24, 95% CI = 1.66–10.80), while those pursuing a bachelor’s degree exhibited 2.70 times the odds of good knowledge (AOR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.40–5.21). In contrast, first-year students had 0.30 times the odds of having good knowledge (AOR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.11–0.79) but displayed 4.69 times the odds of having a positive attitude (AOR = 4.69, 95% CI = 1.92–11.41). Additionally, Hindu students had 2.44 times the odds of being willing to receive the vaccine (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.15–5.20). Most participants expressed willingness to receive the vaccine (62.0%), citing reasons such as not being sexually active (35.8%) and needing more information (18.2%) for non-uptake of the vaccine. Conclusions The study highlights gaps in knowledge and negative attitudes towards HPV vaccination among nursing students. Targeted educational interventions and policy initiatives are essential to improve awareness, promote positive attitudes, and increase HPV vaccination uptake among nursing students.

Abstract The coordination of chromatin remodeling is essential for DNA accessibility and gene expression control. The highly conserved and ubiquitously expressed SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex plays a central role in cell type- and context-dependent gene expression. Despite the absence of a defined DNA recognition motif, SWI/SNF binds lineage specific enhancers genome-wide where it actively maintains open chromatin state. It does so while retaining the ability to respond dynamically to cellular signals. However, the mechanisms that guide SWI/SNF to specific genomic targets have remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that trans-acting long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) direct the SWI/SNF complex to cell type-specific enhancers. SWI/SNF preferentially binds lncRNAs and these predominantly bind DNA targets in trans. Together they localize to enhancers, many of which are cell type-specific. Knockdown of SWI/SNF- and enhancer-bound lncRNAs causes the genome-wide redistribution of SWI/SNF away from enhancers and a concomitant differential expression of spatially connected target genes. These lncRNA-SWI/SNF-enhancer networks support an enhancer hub model of SWI/SNF genomic targeting. Our findings reveal that lncRNAs competitively recruit SWI/SNF, providing a specific and dynamic layer of control over chromatin accessibility, and reinforcing their role in mediating enhancer activity and gene expression.

Background: Nail aesthetic procedures so far have been a neglected domain of nail medicine. With changing times, more people are getting sensitized towards nail enhancement; hence, there is an ever-increasing need for dermatologist driven aesthetic nail procedures. Discussion: The management of various nail disorders takes a long time and might not be very rewarding with regard to complete aesthetic improvement. The aesthetic procedures can be utilized to camouflage and provide some relief to the patient. These procedures could also be a treatment modality for various common conditions like brittle nails, onychotillomania, and other habit tic deformities. The aesthetic procedures that we discussed in this article include nail peels, gel nails, and lasers for aesthetic indications. Many side effects of these procedures have been reported in the literature. This can be attributed to the fact that these procedures are currently being done at salons and not by dermatologists. Conclusion: Nail peels are a useful modality for nail surface irregularities and can be safely recommended. Gel nail technique is simple and when done by a trained person can be used to benefit patients with superficial nail plate abnormalities to improve their quality of life. The usage of lasers in the aesthetic improvement of nails is still in a nascent stage.

The phenomenon of stress in prisoners is currently an urgency for various researchers. This stress occurs because it is experienced due to changes in the atmosphere of the general public, but entering a criminal facility makes them feel uncomfortable, starting from mental pressure, anxiety, anti-social behavior, and even suicide due to stress. Therefore, there is a need for case management so that inmates can face situations of stress and fear when undergoing initial formation in state detention centers. This study used a qualitative research method with a case study research design, employing observation, study documentation, and interviews for data collection. There were 6 informants, 1 of whom was a prisoner, along with 1 guard officer, 1 registration officer, and 3 inmates. This research emphasizes interactive data analysis and qualitative confirmation of source triangulation results. The object of research lies in how prisoners can undergo an excellent initial coaching period to manage stressful situations and fears. The results of this research indicate that correctional guardians have a role in providing counseling guidance on the stress of inmates during initial training at the Painan Detention Center, where the stress levels of inmates are very high. The effective counseling guidance methods or techniques used include a religious approach to reduce stress on inmates during the initial training period. This action seeks to reduce stress levels and provide assistance to prisoners. This research presents a novelty that lies in the experience of stress management during the initial guidance of inmates.

A loan is vital for individuals and organizations to meet their goals. However, financial institutions face challenges like managing losses and missed opportunities in loan decisions. A key issue is the imbalanced datasets in credit risk assessment, hindering accurate predictions of defaulters. Previous research has utilized machine learning techniques, including single or multiple classifier systems, ensemble methods, and class-balancing approaches. This review summarizes various factors and machine learning methods for assessing credit risk, presented in a tabular format to provide valuable insights for researchers. It covers data complexity, minority class distribution, sampling techniques, feature selection, and meta-learning parameters. The goal is to help develop novel algorithms that outperform existing methods. Even a slight improvement in defaulter prediction rates could significantly influence society by saving millions for lenders.

Social media platforms have become valuable tools that can be used to improve professional education, patient care and education, promote health habits, and public health programs. In this article, we will explore the phenomenon of health misinformation, its impact on society, and the steps we can take to address and combat it. We will discuss the impact of health-related misinformation on individuals, policymakers, health-care professionals, educators, journalists, and technology platforms. In particular, we discuss the role of technology platforms in combating the spread of misinformation. In addition, we highlight the importance of promoting information literacy, engaging trusted messengers, strengthening media practices, enhancing technology’s platforms’ role, fostering research efforts, encouraging public–private partnerships, empowering health-care professionals, prioritizing health education, and raising public awareness.

Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a significant global challenge, particularly in low-income countries. Nurses play a crucial role in preventing and controlling HAIs by adhering to standard precautions. However, challenges persist in ensuring consistent implementation among health care workers. Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to standard precautions among registered nurses posted in medical and surgical wards and to identify related factors. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 70 registered nurses at a district-level hospital in Northern India using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-structured KAP questionnaire on standard precautions. Two-step cluster analysis was employed to categorise the study samples. Differences between the KAP groups were assessed using statistical tests. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify factors influencing the KAP groups. Results: Most nurses (54.3%) belonged to the Poor KAP group, while the remaining 45.7% belonged to the Good KAP group. A significant variation in the KAP clusters was observed according to marital status (P

Abstract Deep phenotyping the right ventricle (RV) is essential for understanding the mechanisms of adaptive and maladaptive RV responses to pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this study, feature selection coupled with machine learning classification/ranking of specific cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features from cine-MRI, flow-sensitized, and extracellular-volume techniques were used to assess RV remodelling in monocrotaline (MCT) and Sugen hypoxia (SuHx) PH rats. Early physiological changes associated with RV adaptation were detected along with prediction of RV maladaptive outcomes. Key adaptation features included haemodynamic alterations of pulmonary blood flow ejection and wave reflection, mild RV dilatation, progressive RV hypertrophy with subtle extracellular volume growth of RV wall. A dominant component of maladaptation was the extracellular matrix increase at RV insertion points and septum, observations compatible with histopathologic and RNA-sequencing results. The upregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) paralleled by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) deactivation was seen at 4-week MCT and 8-week SuHx, along with reduced sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase (SERCA2) expression, strongly associated with the RV systolic malfunction seen at this stage in vivo. The here established MRI features can serve as potential imaging biomarkers to evaluate PH treatment efficacy in preclinical studies and build up translational markers for the PH clinic.

Pada perumahan padat penduduk, ruang terbatas menjadi salah satu tantangan utama bagi penghuni dalam melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari, termasuk dalam proses menjemur pakaian. Jemuran konvensional sering kali memakan ruang yang signifikan dan kurang efisien saat kondisi cuaca berubah tiba-tiba, seperti hujan atau kekurangan sinar matahari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem jemuran pakaian otomatis berbasis Arduino Nano yang dapat dioperasikan secara mandiri untuk memaksimalkan penggunaan ruang dan meningkatkan efisiensi pengeringan pakaian. Sistem ini dilengkapi dengan sensor hujan dan sensor cahaya yang secara otomatis mengendalikan pergerakan jemuran. Ketika terdeteksi hujan, jemuran akan ditarik secara otomatis untuk melindungi pakaian, dan akan kembali terbuka saat kondisi cuaca kembali cerah. Metode penelitian melibatkan desain perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak yang terintegrasi dengan Arduino Nano, serta pengujian performa sistem dalam berbagai kondisi cuaca. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem jemuran otomatis ini berhasil berfungsi secara optimal dalam merespons perubahan cuaca, dengan waktu respons cepat dan penghematan ruang yang signifikan di area perumahan padat penduduk. Implementasi teknologi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi praktis untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan penghuni dan efisiensi penggunaan ruang di hunian urban yang terbatas. Kata kunci: Jemuran Otomatis, Arduino Nano, Sensor Cuaca, Hunian Padat, Efisiensi Ruang.

Potato production in Indonesia has grown very rapidly, making Indonesia the largest potato producer in Southeast Asia. However, there are challenges for farmers in growing potatoes. Such as treating potatoes for various diseases. 2 diseases will occur in potato plants if not treated quickly, namely early blight disease caused by the fungus Alternaria solani and late blight disease caused by the microorganism Phytophthora infestans. The project "Potato Plant Leaf Disease Detector (MR-PoLod)" aims to design an android application that can classify leaves on potato plants into 3 classifications, namely healthy, early, and late blight disease. This application uses the CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) Machine Learning Algorithm because currently, CNN is recognized as the most efficient and effective model in pattern and image recognition tasks. This application uses the Python programming language which is rich in library and framework availability so that it can meet the needs of machine learning and image classification tasks. The total data used for training data, data validation and data testing is 3165 images. With each division of the data process on the training data of 70%, validation of 15% testing of 15% to test the effectiveness of the model that has been created. The performance of MR-PoLod for each class, obtained a precision value, recall, and f1-score of 0.99. Likewise, the accuracy value achieved by the model is 0.99 or 99%. Thus, the expected application can facilitate farmers in classifying diseases on potato plant leaves.

Generation Z that dominates the population and the development of e-commerce has changed their shopping patterns, especially in terms of purchase intention. For example they choose to shop online. This study has two objectives, frst: to examine the impact of attitudes, beliefs, value motives and social motives on online purchase intentions. Second, to examine the effect of attitudes, beliefs, value motives and social motives on purchase intentions moderated by subjective norms. Data were collected from 360 respondents and analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) method. It was found that online purchase intentions are influenced by attitudes, beliefs, value motives, and social motives. The results further reveal that subjective norms have a moderating effect on trust with online purchase intentions. However, subjective norms have no moderating effect on attitudes, value motives and social motives with online purchase intentions. This research is benefcial for understanding the online purchase intention behavior of Generation Z. It provides knowledge about consumer behavior and contributes methodologically through the introduction of the PLS approach.

International mobility is a distinctive feature of the world of the 21st century. Individuals and their families are often moving due to business, job assignments, pursue further education etc. The children brought up in this mobility scenario are known as Third Culture Kids (TCKs). They are often exposed to different languages and cultures, what gives them unique abilities, but also brings numerous challenges. The objective of this article was to have a better understanding of TCKs living in Indonesia and what their journey of language acquisition in the country looked like. To answer these questions we collected data from 2 TCKs living in Indonesia, through interviews and artefacts using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that the TCKs living in Indonesia are traditional TCKs according to Pollock & Recken’s framework of TCKs. Regarding to their journey of language acquisition the parents played an important role choosing schools and implementing a family language policies at home in order to teach them their first language, hence, parents language. However the TCKs chose to use English, as their first language due to the third culture environment they were surrounded with.

Background and aim Home accidents are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among young children. Effective prevention of home accidents relies on a combination of protection and education with mothers playing a significant role as primary caregivers. This study aimed to assess mothersrsquo knowledge regarding the prevention of home accidents among toddlers.Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2023 to September 2023 among mothers of toddlers aged 1-3 years in Jaipur using a convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured multiple-choice questionnaire with 30 items across eight domains related to home accident prevention.ResultsA descriptive survey included 100 mothers predominantly aged 21-25 years Hindus and with primary education. Most mothers had moderate knowledge 61 about preventing home accidents whereas 14 had inadequate knowledge. The highest knowledge was in the domains of foreign body aspiration 80.25 and general information about home accidents 74.83 while the lowest was in drowning 48.66. Significant associations were found between mothers knowledge and demographic variables such as age education occupation family income type of family number of toddlers type of house and source of knowledge.Conclusion This study highlights that while most mothers possess moderate knowledge regarding the prevention of home accidents among toddlers critical gaps remain particularly in drowning prevention. Enhancing educational efforts and integrating safety education into routine healthcare and community programs are essential to reduce the incidence of preventable home accidents among toddlers thereby safeguarding their health and wellbeing.

Background. The increasing popularity of dancesport is being observed worldwide, with Indonesia also embracing this trend. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of data to establish if dancesport can help with menopausal symptoms and enhance quality of life. Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 12-week dancesport program on decreasing menopausal symptoms and improving quality of life. Materials and methods. A quasi-experimental design was used with a pretest-posttest method. The study included 30 women who had gone through menopause and were between the ages of 54 and 63. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to evaluate the quality of life, and the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) was employed to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms. The program involved a 12-week dance course, meeting twice a week for 60 minutes per session, including cha-cha, salsa, rumba, hip-hop, and waltz dances. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 24, beginning with descriptive statistics, then progressing to normality testing using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and finally paired samples t-tests. Results. The findings indicated a noteworthy influence of the 12-week dancesport intervention on menopausal symptoms and quality of life, with a significance level of 0.000 (< 0.05). Conclusions. The study found that dancesport is beneficial for postmenopausal women by improving symptoms and quality of life, suggesting further research into the impact of these programs on men experiencing andropause-related changes.

Social forestry symbolizes a sustainable forest management strategy, where local communities are important in strengthening socio-economic aspects, namely welfare and environmental sustainability. Increasing community welfare depends on collective efforts of social forestry, regional regulations, institutional structures, and cooperative with various stakeholders. Subsequent analysis employed the stakeholder analysis model, which scrutinizes stakeholders' roles in natural resource management. The examination compares roles outlined in policy with stakeholders' actual engagement. Consequently, the research provides insights into how stakeholders contribute to social forestry business development based on two critical factors: interest and influence. Results indicate that stakeholders' roles and contributions are substantially influenced by policy, especially concerning their interests and impact on community business ventures in social forestry. Stakeholder analysis reveals that governmental bodies, as mandated by policy, predominantly occupy quadrant II, tasked with aiding community groups in advancing social forestry businesses. However, quadrant I also encompasses governmental entities, albeit with limited involvement in community group activities. QuadrantsIII and IV underscore the diverse roles stakeholders assume within their respective domains, reflecting their interests and influence on business development initiatives to empower the community and improve the livelihood. This research aims to formulate tactics to enhance stakeholder involvement in implementing nation policies for fostering social forestry enterprises within the FMU South Bandung. The tactics need support of each party, especially the social forestry regulation in developing the business and capacity agency in measurement of accessible market, business plan, valuable product and good forest institutions.

Introduction. This study aimed to investigate the level of physical literacy and its relationship with physical fitness among 10th-grade students in Sleman Regency using a correlational research design. Objective. The subjects were 64 students (32 male, 32 female) aged 15–17. The research sample using a purposive sampling technique, selected based on several criteria: non-athletes and residents of Sleman Regency. Methodology. The instrument in this study used two tests, were the Adolescence Physical Literacy Questionnaire (APLQ) and the Bleep Test. The APLQ showed good internal consistency (α = 0.951), validity (0.680–0.790), and reliability (0.837–0.981). The Bleep Test had a validity of 0.915 and reliability of 0.868. Thus, this research instrument was valid and reliable. Data analysis used the Spearman correlation test, were carried out with the help of IBM SPSS Ver. 20. Results. The results of this study indicated that the linearity data obtained a Sig value of 0.975 > 0.05 and an F count value of 0.025 < F table of 2.528, so there was a significant linear relationship between physical literacy and physical fitness. Furthermore, hypothesis testing with Spearman analysis obtained a correlation coefficient between physical literacy and physical fitness of -0.091, these results showed a very weak relationship between the two variables. Discussion. The significance value (p-value) was 0.473 > 0.05, so it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between physical literacy and physical fitness. Conclusions. Thus, it was concluded that there is no significant relationship between physical literacy and physical fitness among 10th-grade students in Sleman Regency.

Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) are an innovative technology that methods with a great possibility to revolutionize the sphere of medicine with the help of integration of human brain and external devices. In this article, we discuss how BCIs can be incorporated into hospitals and civil rehabilitation centers, possibly for rehabilitation, communication, and cognitive treatments. This review aims to discuss the advancement, usefulness, difficulties, and potential in regards to the use of BCIs in healthcare. We describe trends in the development of BCIs from simple experimental paradigms to multimedia advanced devices and their usage in clinical practice: assistive technology in patients with motor disorders, neurorehabilitation of post-stroke patients, and cognitive prosthesis for humans with neurodegenerative diseases. The article also emphasizes on present-day issues including signal quality, comfort level of the users, and the ethical parameter of the technique along with the research going on and future work streams. Thus, by evaluating the modern developments in the field and highlighting the existing problems, this article will try to give a briefing on the current stage of application of BCIs in the sphere of healthcare.

Abstract Background Oral cancer poses a significant health challenge due to limited treatment protocols and therapeutic targets. We aimed to investigate the invasive margins of gingivo-buccal oral squamous cell carcinoma (GB-OSCC) tumors in terms of the localization of genes and cell types within the margins at various distances that could lead to nodal metastasis. Methods We collected tumor tissues from 23 resected GB-OSCC samples for gene expression profiling using digital spatial transcriptomics. We monitored differential gene expression at varying distances between the tumor and its microenvironvent (TME), and performed a deconvulation study and immunohistochemistry to identify the cells and genes regulating the TME. Results We found that the tumor–stromal interface (a distance up to 200 µm between tumor and immune cells) is the most active region for disease progression in GB-OSCC. The most differentially expressed apex genes, such as FN1 and COL5A1, were located at the stromal ends of the margins, and together with enrichment of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and an immune-suppressed microenvironment, were associated with lymph node metastasis. Intermediate fibroblasts, myocytes, and neutrophils were enriched at the tumor ends, while cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were enriched at the stromal ends. The intermediate fibroblasts transformed into CAFs and relocated to the adjacent stromal ends where they participated in FN1-mediated ECM modulation. Conclusion We have generated a functional organization of the tumor–stromal interface in GB-OSCC and identified spatially located genes that contribute to nodal metastasis and disease progression. Our dataset might now be mined to discover suitable molecular targets in oral cancer.

Keandalan operasi transformator sangat tergantung pada kondisi isolasi yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tahanan isolasi dan mengestimasi umur transformator dengan menggunakan metode Health Index di PT PLN (Persero) UPT Cawang. Metode Health Index ini mengintegrasikan berbagai parameter kondisi transformator, termasuk hasil pengukuran tahanan isolasi, pengujian minyak isolasi, dan parameter operasional lainnya, untuk memberikan gambaran komprehensif tentang kondisi kesehatan transformator. Data diperoleh dari pengujian lapangan dan laboratorium yang dilakukan secara periodik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa beberapa transformator memiliki nilai tahanan isolasi yang mendekati batas minimal yang direkomendasikan, mengindikasikan adanya penurunan kualitas isolasi. Estimasi umur transformator dilakukan berdasarkan nilai Health Index yang dihitung, dengan mempertimbangkan degradasi material isolasi dan kondisi operasional transformator. Transformator dengan nilai Health Index yang rendah diidentifikasi memiliki risiko tinggi terhadap kegagalan operasional dan memerlukan tindakan pemeliharaan atau penggantian segera. Studi ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi manajemen pemeliharaan di PT PLN (Persero) UPT Cawang untuk meningkatkan keandalan dan efisiensi operasi transformator. Implementasi metode Health Index terbukti efektif dalam memprediksi umur sisa transformator dan merencanakan strategi pemeliharaan preventif. Dengan demikian, dapat diharapkan peningkatan kontinuitas layanan penyaluran energi listrik dan pengurangan risiko gangguan operasional. Kata kunci: Estimasi Umur, Health Index, Pemeliharaan Preventif, Tahanan Isolasi, Transformator.

Bullous haemorrhagic dermatosis (BHD), a distinctive non-immune cutaneous eruption, manifests as the formation of haemorrhagic bullae on the skin. While it is an uncommon dermatologic entity, its clinical significance is underscored by its association with various medications, including anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, as well as chemotherapeutic drugs. Clinical or pathological signs of inflammation are usually absent. The pathophysiology of BHD involves the disruption of normal skin integrity, leading to the development of bullae containing blood. These bullae typically appear at sites distant from the initial lesion or injection site, posing challenges in diagnosis and management. Here we discuss three such cases and their presenting features. Keywords: Bullous Haemorrhagic Dermatosis, Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions, Histopathology

Background: Stainless steel crowns are considered to be a practicable alternative in the restoration of carious primary tooth. This study was done to assess Indian pediatric dentists’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of this technique and related factors with the use of the Hall technique (HT). Methods: A well-structured preused online questionnaire was sent to pedodontists practicing in India through various social media groups and emails. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize survey responses. A Chi-square test was employed to check the distribution of responders using the HT. Statistically P < 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 210 pedodontists participated in this survey. 66.20% of the participants have

The study aims to substitute river sand used in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) with pond ash (PA), a waste by-product from the Sikka thermal power station in Gujarat, India, at replacement levels ranging from 0 to 20%. Also, 20% of the cement was replaced with ground granulated blast-furnace slag, which is a sustainable, eco-friendly material. As a result, this concrete is both environmentally and economically feasible. Experimental analysis evaluated the workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, and microstructure of the UHPC mixtures. Incorporating 10% PA as a sand replacement enhanced the compressive strength, reaching 117 MPa at 90 days, as well as the flexural strength of 23 MPa and the split tensile strength of 14 MPa. The strength is positively impacted when 10% of the river sand is replaced with PA, while the strength of UHPC appears to be diminished if PA content is increased beyond 10% replacement of sand. Petrographic microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to study the microstructure of UHPC made with PA. When PA was used instead of sand, the mortar mass solidified and became denser, resulting in an improved microstructure of the UHPC with fewer surface cracks. With the inclusion of PA, the calcium silica hydrate gel content of the concrete increases, and enhanced performance of UHPC up to a certain amount of replacement has been observed.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has experienced significant growth and plays a crucial role in daily activities. However, along with its development, IoT is very vulnerable to attacks and raises concerns for users. The Intrusion Detection System (IDS) operates efficiently to detect and identify suspicious activities within the network. The primary source of attacks originates from external sources, specifi-cally from the internet attempting to transmit data to the host network. IDS can identify unknown attacks from network traffic and has become one of the most effective network security. Classification is used to distinguish between normal class and attacks in binary classification problem. As a result, there is a rise in the false positive rates and a decrease in the detection accuracy during the model's training. Based on the test results using the ensemble technique with the ensemble learning XGBoost and LightGBM algorithm, it can be concluded that both binary classification problems can be solved. The results using these ensemble learning algorithms on the ToN IoT Dataset, where binary classification has been performed by combining multiple devices into one, have demonstrated improved accuracy. Moreover, this ensemble approach ensures a more even distribution of accuracy across each device, surpassing the findings of previous research.

Considering the great responsibility and the role of teachers as educators, teachers must have professional competence and determination to reach the projected educational goal. This competence should be developed continuously by the teachers themselves and/or facilitated by the principal as the leader in the school. Therefore, good leadership is required to guide and direct the teachers as should. The principal’s leadership quality can be seen in the success of the school he/she leads. This study examines the school principal’s leadership and English teachers’ professionalism at a private A-accredited high school in Palembang. A qualitative method in case study design was utilized in this study. A school principal, a vice-principal, and three teachers of English were involved as the participants of the study. The data were collected through interviews and observations and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings of the study revealed that the school principal’s leadership plays a significant role in enhancing teachers’ English professionalism. The principal’s leadership styles are transformational and participative, which are characterized by vision articulation, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration. The study also found that teachers of English at this school are highly professional. They have a strong commitment to their teaching profession and are constantly striving to improve their teaching skills and knowledge.

(CT), along with the moderating role of Self-Efficacy (SE) in this relationship. Methods: Data collection was carried out through statistical analysis of test and survey results given to research participants. Results: The results of the analysis indicate that physical activity has a significant influence on AG and CT at the 95% confidence level, which is strengthened by the P value and t statistic which exceed the significance threshold. In addition, Self-Efficacy was also proven to have a significant role in linking physical activity with AG and CT. The implications of this research show the urgency of promoting physical activity as an element of improving academic performance and critical thinking abilities, with a special focus on strengthening self-efficacy. Conclusion: The conclusions of this research can be a guide for policymakers, educators and other stakeholders in designing comprehensive and sustainable education strategies. Keywords: Physical activity, critical thingking, self-efficacy, academic grades, structural equation modelling.

With its exceptional qualities, Incoloy 825 is highly valued in a range of industries, including nuclear power plants, petrochemical plants, and chemical industries. Nevertheless, the unique combination of these properties presents a formidable challenge when it comes to machining Incoloy 825. Its low heat conductivity, rapid strain hardening, strong chemical affinity, and the presence of hard and abrasive particles in its microstructure all contribute to the difficulty. The objective of this study is to examine important factors related to the machinability of Incoloy 825. To achieve this, a hybrid tool called entropy coupled with MOORA will be used to determine the optimal cutting conditions. In order to achieve this, three specific input parameters were chosen: the spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. Meanwhile, the major outcomes taken into account were the cutting force, cutting temperature, material removal rate, roughness of the machined surface, and flank wear. The experiments were conducted using Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array, following the principles of experimental design. The findings indicate that the proposed hybrid approach is capable of accurately determining the best combination of parameters for cutting the chosen work material and can be employed in structural applications. For turning Incoloy 825, the optimal parametric setting was determined to be a spindle speed of 1,285 rpm, a feed rate of 0.0625 mm·rev−1, and a depth of cut of 0.3 mm.

Background Depression during pregnancy is associated with pre-term labor, low birthweight, post-partum depression and adverse child outcomes. There are concerns about the safety of anti-depressant medications during pregnancy. Many pregnant women with antenatal depression are neither aware about their depression nor do they have access to non-pharmacological interventions for depression. Evidence suggests that pre-natal yoga can improve antenatal depression. Yoga is native to the Indian culture and women can practice yoga as a ‘self-care’ intervention with minimal training. There is no study till date on the efficacy of yoga on antenatal depression in pregnant women in a low resource (rural) setting in India. This pilot randomized controlled trial aims to study the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a YOGA -based lifestyle intervention for Antenatal D epression (YOGA-D) in Maharashtra, India. Methods We will undertake a single-blind individual randomized parallel group-controlled pilot trial with 1:1 allocation ratio. Adult women with 12–26 weeks of pregnancy, without any obstetric or medical complications will be randomly allocated to either the active intervention group (Yoga-Sanskar (YS)) or the Enhanced Usual Care (EUC) group. Trained yoga instructors will teach a pre-defined yoga sequence to the participants in the YS arm. In the EUC arm, participants will receive a single session of health education. We will assess trial feasibility using the recruitment, retention, and study completion rates. The primary outcome of depression will be measured using the translated Marathi version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Assessments will be at the baseline, three-months post-randomization, and post-delivery. Discussion This study will help us to understand the barriers in implementation of a yoga-based intervention for antenatal depression in a low-resource/rural setting in Maharashtra, India. Based on the learnings of this pilot trial, we plan to undertake an explanatory randomized controlled trial in the next few months. Registration CTRI (CTRI/2024/05/067176; 10/05/2024).

Adequate gross motor skills are believed to be a determinant in realizing optimal and quality physical activity. This research aims to reveal and describe the gross motor skills of students aged 7 and 8 years and reveal the differences. This research uses a cross-sectional approach. The Test of Gross Motor Development Second Edition (TGMD-2) was used as a data collection instrument. The research subjects were male and female elementary school students aged 7 and 8 selected purposively with details (N=140; boys =70 and girls =70). Data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics program version 25. The results showed the average Gross Motor Quotients in general (M=83.39, SD=9.2), the average Gross Motor Quotients for the 7-year age group (M=84.91 SD= 7.8) and the 8-year age group (M=81.87 SD=10.2). Asymp Sig obtained the results of the (2-tailed) (0.200>0.05). The results of the independent samples test show a significant difference in the students’ average Gross Motor Quotients (p-value

It is important to explain community forestry entrepreneurship in the context of community forest management, which continues to develop as social entrepreneurship that can increase sources of livelihood and environmental benefits. This study adapted the concept of community capital to explain the level of entrepreneurial capital and its influence on the performance of the Social Forestry Entrepreneurial Group (SFEG) through a quantitative approach by collecting data from Focus Group Discussions (FGD), interviews, observations, and literature studies. Data analysis was used with scoring, categorizing, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study reveal the level of entrepreneurial capital in SFEG in the low to very high category is directly proportional to the simultaneous effect on performance. Natural capital, finance capital, and political capital significantly influence socioeconomic and environmental performance; political capital increases social capital, physical capital, and human capital. SFEG based on forest resource commodities as a source of livelihood needs to get attention, including increasing human capital in the form of intensive skills through a mentoring process by officers and easy access to funding sources through government policies.

The symptoms of COVID-19 included fever with or without respiratory syndrome, but patients subsequently developed pulmonary abnormalities. Exposure to air pollution, meanwhile, is associated with complications such as acute respiratory inflammations, asthma attack, and deaths from cardiorespiratory disease. To analyze the association of the air quality index (AQI), ambient air pollutants (PM10, SO2 and O3) and meteorological parameters (temperature and relative humidity [RH]) with COVID-19 incidence and mortality, a retrospective study was conducted to examine COVID-19 infection, meteorological parameters, ambient air quality and ambient air pollutants in Dammam from 1 January to 30 April 2021. Data of COVID-19 incidence and mortality for Dammam were retrieved from Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health's publicly accessible database. Meteorological data, AQI and average PM10, SO2 and O3 values were extracted from the publicly available website of Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture. The correlation of COVID-19 incidence and mortality with the independent variables was analysed by Pearson's correlation test or Spearman's rho test as applicable, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. COVID-19 incidence exhibited a positive correlation with temperature (r = 0.537, p = .0001) and a negative correlation with RH (r=−0.487, p=.0001). No correlation was observed between the meteorological variables and COVID-19 mortality. COVID-19 incidence showed a positive correlation with AQI (r=0.269, p=.015) and with the ambient air pollutants SO2 and O3 (r=0.258, p=.018), and COVID-19 mortality showed a positive correlation with PM10 (rs = 0.344, p=.002). Short-term exposure to O3, SO2 and higher temperature had direct relationship with COVID-19 incidence, while RH had inverse relationship. PM10 is positively associated with COVID-19 mortality.

Traditionally, planting trees on agricultural land including livestock is a very common practice in the mid-hills of Nepal. Trees on farms fulfill the demand for fuel wood/timber including fodder used to feed the livestock. Animal urine/dung is used as a bio-fertilizer that increases soil fertility. However, very few studies have been conducted on assessing carbon (C) stock and soil quality in agroforestry systems. This study was carried out to estimate the C stock and soil quality in agroforestry and agricultural land in the Kaski district of Nepal. Silvo-horto-agro system and agricultural land were selected from Site 1 (900–1000 m and west) and Site 2 (700–800 m and west). Total C stock was higher in the agroforestry at Site 1 (98.57 t ha−1) than agroforestry at Site 2 (64.73 t ha−1). Soil organic C, pH, and available potassium were higher in agroforestry than agriculture sites. Total nitrogen was higher in agroforestry than agriculture at Site 1. Available phosphorus was higher in agriculture than agroforestry at Site 1. Soil quality index (SQI) was good (0.8) and fair (0.6) in agroforestry and agriculture at Site 1. SQI was fair (0.6) in agroforestry and poor (0.5) in agriculture at Site 2. Altogether, the application of farmyard manure and vermi-compost including the higher vegetation density contributes to enhancing the soil quality in agroforestry systems. Further research on C stock including various soil quality indices is necessary under various kinds of agroforestry systems for a better understanding of their contribution towards climate change mitigation.

Manisha Khandelwal,1 Sunita Choudhary,2 Harish,2 Ashok Kumawat,3 Kamakhya Prakash Misra,3 Yogeshwari Vyas,1 Bhavya Singh,4 Devendra Singh Rathore,4 Kanchan Soni,3 Ashima Bagaria,3 Rama Kanwar Khangarot1 1Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India; 2Department of Botany, University College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India; 3Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 303007, India; 4Department of Environmental Sciences, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, IndiaCorrespondence: Rama Kanwar Khangarot, Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India, Email ramakanwar@mlsu.ac.inBackground: In the current scenario, the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using environmentally benign methods has gained significant attention due to their facile processes, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendly nature.Methods: In the present study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized using aqueous extract of Coelastrella terrestris algae as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent. The synthesized CuO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).Results: XRD investigation revealed that the biosynthesized CuO NPs were nanocrystalline with high-phase purity and size in the range of 4.26 nm to 28.51 nm. FTIR spectra confirmed the existence of secondary metabolites on the surface of the synthesized CuO NPs, with characteristic Cu–O vibrations being identified around 600 cm− 1, 496 cm− 1, and 440 cm− 1. The FE-SEM images predicted that the enhancement of the algal extract amount converted the flattened rice-like structures of CuO NPs into flower petal-like structures. Furthermore, the degradation ability of biosynthesized CuO NPs was investigated against Amido black 10B (AB10B) dye. The results displayed that the optimal degradation efficacy of AB10B dye was 94.19%, obtained at 6 pH, 50 ppm concentration of dye, and 0.05 g dosage of CuO NPs in 90 min with a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.0296 min− 1. The CuO-1 NPs synthesized through algae exhibited notable antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 22 mm and against P. aeruginosa with a ZOI of 17 mm.Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that utilizing Coelastrella terrestris algae for the synthesis of CuO NPs presents a promising solution for addressing environmental contamination. Keywords: green synthesis, CuO NPs, photocatalysis, antibacterial activity, wastewater treatment

Background Primary brain tumors constitute the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Among them, adult diffuse gliomas are the most common type, affecting the cerebral hemispheres and displaying a diffuse infiltrative pattern of growth in the surrounding neuropil that accounts for about 80% of all primary intracranial tumors. The hallmark feature of gliomas is blood vessel proliferation, which plays an important role in tumor growth, tumor biological behavior, and disease outcome. High-grade gliomas exhibit increased vascularity, the worst prognosis, and lower survival rates. Several angiogenic receptors and factors are upregulated in glioblastomas and stimulate angiogenesis signaling pathways by means of activating oncogenes and/or down-regulating tumor-suppressor genes. Existing literature has emphasized that different microvascular patterns (MVPs) are displayed in different subtypes of adult diffuse gliomas. Methods We examined the distribution and biological characteristics of different MVPs in 50 patients with adult diffuse gliomas. Haematoxylin and eosin staining results, along with periodic acid–Schiff and CD34 dual-stained sections, were examined to assess the vascular patterns and correlate with different grades of diffuse glioma. Results The present observational study on adult diffuse glioma evaluated tumor grade and MVPs. Microvascular sprouting was the most common pattern, while a bizarre pattern (type 2) was associated with the presence of a high-grade glioma. Vascular mimicry was observed in 6% of cases, all of which were grade 4 gliomas. Conclusions This study supplements the role of neo-angiogenesis and aberrant vasculature patterns in the grading and progression of adult diffuse gliomas, which can be future targets for planning treatment strategies.

Abstract No biomarker has yet been identified that allows accurate diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancers. In this study, we investigated the presence of key metabolites in oral cancer using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to identify metabolic biomarkers of gingivobuccal oral squamous cell carcinoma (GB-OSCC). NMR spectroscopy revealed that uracil was expressed in 83.09% of tumor tissues and pyrimidine metabolism was active in GB-OSCC; these results correlated well with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA sequencing data. Based on further gene and protein analyses, we proposed a pathway for the production of uracil in GB-OSCC tissues. Uridinetriphosphate (UTP) is hydrolyzed to uridine diphosphate (UDP) by CD39 in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that UDP enters the cell with the help of the UDP-specific P2Y6 receptor for further processing by ENTPD4/5 to produce uracil. As the ATP reserves diminish, the weakened immune cells in the TME utilize pyrimidine metabolism as fuel for antitumor activity, and the same mechanism is hijacked by the tumor cells to promote their survival. Correspondingly, the differential expression of ENTPD4 and ENTPD5 in immune and tumor cells, respectively, indicatedtheir involvement in disease progression. Furthermore, higher uracil levels were detected in patients with lymph node metastasis, indicating that metastatic potential is increased in the presence of uracil. The presence of uracil and/or expression patterns of intermediate molecules in purine and pyrimidine pathways, such asCD39, CD73, and P2Y6 receptors together with ENTPD4 and ENTPD5, hold promise as biomarker(s) for oral cancer diagnosis and prognosis.

Magnetic Abrasive Finishing (MAF) revolutionizes surface finishing by utilizing magnetic fields to apply pressure, ensuring exceptionally high-quality surfaces. Its potential for ultra-precise finishing with fine magnetic abrasives is particularly noteworthy. This study analyzes subsurface temperature dynamics during the MAF process on Al-6060, recognizing temperature's pivotal role in shaping surface texture and mechanical-chemical properties. Unbonded magnetic abrasives containing SiC were used without lubrication or coolants in experimentation. Experimental parameters, including machining gap, abrasive weight, voltage, and rotational speed, were systematically varied using a Box-Behnken Design of Experiments. An artificial neural network facilitated comprehensive data modelling, enabling a detailed parametric study. Post-processing surface characterization provided crucial insights into the impact of surface temperature rise on surface finish and hardness. This holistic approach enhances understanding of temperature's influence on MAF efficacy and its outcomes on Al-6060 surfaces. Experimental findings demonstrate MAF's effectiveness in achieving low-temperature finishing of Al-6060, with a maximum surface temperature of 36 °C. ANOVA analysis quantitatively determined that voltage has greatest influence (55.56%), followed by abrasive weight (20.00%) and machining gap (13.89%), with rotational speed having the least impact (2.22%). Qualitatively, the developed ANN model accurately predicted changes in surface roughness (ΔRa), temperature (ΔT), and hardness (ΔH), with maximum errors of 4.107%, 5.588%, and 6.680%, respectively. XRD analysis provided quantitative evidence of SiC diffusion into the surface, resulting in a hardness increase from 2.7 HV to 5.6 HV. Additionally, chemical substrates deposition, such as silicon carbide, kaolinite, iron silicide, and cristobalite, elucidated chemical-mechanical interactions during the process at such low temperatures.