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4. Improving Inoculum Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Zea mays L. Using Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Technology.

Author

Kiddee, Sutee, Lakkasorn, Niramon, Wongdee, Jenjira, Piromyou, Pongdet, Songwattana, Pongpan, Greetatorn, Teerana, Teamtisong, Kamonluck, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, Saito, Katsuharu, Teaumroong, Neung, and Tittabutr, Panlada

Subjects
FUNGAL colonies, VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas, LIGHT emitting diodes, FUNGAL growth, GENE expression, FUNGAL spores
Abstract

A substrate-based production system is a simple and low-cost method for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal inoculum production. However, it is time-consuming and typically yields low numbers of AM fungal spores due to several factors affecting plant growth efficiency. Our study investigated the use of light-emitting diode (LED) technology to expedite AM fungal spore production in planta. We performed experiments with Rhizophagus irregularis inoculated in maize (Zea mays L.), contrasting LED light with greenhouse (GH) conditions. Our results exhibited a significant improvement in AM fungal colonization and spore production, as well as a reduction in the production period from 120 to 90 days under the LED light condition. This was achieved using a red-and-blue light ratio of 60:40 with a total light intensity of 300 µmol m−2 s−1. The LED light treatments improved maize growth by increasing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations in shoots and roots, respectively. Our gene expression analyses revealed that in AMF-inoculated plants, genes related to photosynthesis were significantly upregulated under LED light compared to the GH condition. Moreover, LED increased the expression of marker genes linked to the AM fungi-related cell cycle, indicating enhanced AM fungal growth during symbiosis. These findings advance our comprehension of LED applications in agriculture, offering promising prospects for acceleration of AM fungal spore production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. CopG1, a Novel Transcriptional Regulator Affecting Symbiosis in Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2

Author

Wangthaisong, Praneet, primary, Piromyou, Pongdet, additional, Songwattana, Pongpan, additional, Phimphong, Tarnee, additional, Songsaeng, Apisit, additional, Pruksametanan, Natcha, additional, Boonchuen, Pakpoom, additional, Wongdee, Jenjira, additional, Teamtaisong, Kamonluck, additional, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, additional, Sato, Shusei, additional, Tittabutr, Panlada, additional, and Teaumroong, Neung, additional

Published
2024
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6. Enhancing Resistance to Cercospora Leaf Spot in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.) through Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 Priming: Molecular Insights and Bio-Priming Potential.

Author

Songsaeng, Apisit, Boonchuen, Pakpoom, Nareephot, Phongkeat, Piromyou, Pongdet, Wongdee, Jenjira, Greetatorn, Teerana, Inthaisong, Sukanya, Tantasawat, Piyada Alisha, Teamtisong, Kamonluck, Tittabutr, Panlada, Sato, Shusei, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, Songwattana, Pongpan, and Teaumroong, Neung

Subjects
LEAF spots, MYCOSES, BRADYRHIZOBIUM, LEGUMES, FUNGICIDES, MUNG bean
Abstract

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), a vital legume in Asia with significant nutritional benefits, is highly susceptible to Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) caused by Cercospora canescens, leading to significant yield losses. As an alternative to chemical fungicides, bio-priming with rhizobacteria can enhance plant resistance. This study explores the potential of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain DOA9 to augment resistance in mung bean against CLS via root priming. The results reveal that short (3 days) and double (17 and 3 days) priming with DOA9 before fungal infection considerably reduces lesion size on infected leaves by activating defense-related genes, including Pti1, Pti6, EDS1, NDR1, PR-1, PR-2, Prx, and CHS, or by suppressing the inhibition of PR-5 and enhancing peroxidase (POD) activity in leaves. Interestingly, the Type 3 secretion system (T3SS) of DOA9 may play a role in establishing resistance in V. radiata CN72. These findings suggest that DOA9 primes V. radiata CN72′s defense mechanisms, offering an effective bio-priming strategy to alleviate CLS. Hence, our insights propose the potential use of DOA9 as a bio-priming agent to manage CLS in V. radiata CN72, providing a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicide applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. CopG 1 , a Novel Transcriptional Regulator Affecting Symbiosis in Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2.

Author

Wangthaisong, Praneet, Piromyou, Pongdet, Songwattana, Pongpan, Phimphong, Tarnee, Songsaeng, Apisit, Pruksametanan, Natcha, Boonchuen, Pakpoom, Wongdee, Jenjira, Teamtaisong, Kamonluck, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, Sato, Shusei, Tittabutr, Panlada, and Teaumroong, Neung

Subjects
MUNG bean, BRADYRHIZOBIUM, SYMBIOSIS, ROOT-tubercles, GENE expression, LEGUMES, FLAVONOIDS
Abstract

Simple Summary: In the process of symbiosis, ΔcopG1 in the type IV secretion system (T4SS) demonstrated the ability to invade root cells but was unable to survive and multiply within root cells. Conversely, traG1 and virD21 were found to be essential in the early stages of nodule formation. Intriguingly, copG1 is required for nod gene expression and acts as a repressor of T4SS genes. Moreover, the absence of copG1 results in certain proteins not being produced, especially T3SS (nopX and nopP) and C4-dicarboxylic acid (dct), which affects the symbiosis between Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2 and legumes. These findings support the hypothesis that the copG1 gene may serve as a new regulator of the symbiotic process. The symbiotic interaction between leguminous and Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2 mainly relies on the nodulation process through Nod factors (NFs), while the type IV secretion system (T4SS) acts as an alternative pathway in this symbiosis. Two copies of T4SS (T4SS1 and T4SS2) are located on the chromosome of SUTN9-2. ΔT4SS1 reduces both nodule number and nitrogenase activity in all SUTN9-2 nodulating legumes. The functions of three selected genes (copG1, traG1, and virD21) within the region of T4SS1 were examined. We generated deleted mutants and tested them in Vigna radiata cv. SUT4. ΔtraG1 and ΔvirD21 exhibited lower invasion efficiency at the early stages of root infection but could be recently restored. In contrast, ΔcopG1 completely hindered nodule organogenesis and nitrogenase activity in all tested legumes. ΔcopG1 showed low expression of the nodulation gene and ttsI but exhibited high expression levels of the T4SS genes, traG1 and trbE1. The secreted proteins from ΔT4SS1 were down-regulated compared to the wild-type. Although ΔcopG1 secreted several proteins after flavonoid induction, T3SS (nopP and nopX) and the C4-dicarboxylate transporter (dct) were not detected. These results confirm the crucial role of the copG1 gene as a novel key regulator in the symbiotic relationship between SUTN9-2 and legumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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11. Exploring the cellular surface polysaccharide and root nodule symbiosis characteristics of the rpoN mutants of Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 using synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in conjunction with X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Author

Wongdee, Jenjira, primary, Piromyou, Pongdet, additional, Songwattana, Pongpan, additional, Greetatorn, Teerana, additional, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, additional, Teaumroong, Neung, additional, Giraud, Eric, additional, Gully, Djamel, additional, Nouwen, Nico, additional, Kiatponglarp, Worawikunya, additional, Tanthanuch, Waraporn, additional, and Tittabutr, Panlada, additional

Published
2023
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13. Selection and evaluation of Bradyrhizobium inoculum for peanut, Arachis hypogea production in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic

Author

Phimphong, Tarnee, Sibounnavong, Phoutthasone, Phommalath, Siviengkhek, Wongdee, Jenjira, Songwattana, Pongpan, Piromyou, Pongdet, Greetatorn, Teerana, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, Tittabutr , Panlada, Teaumroong, Neung, Phimphong, Tarnee, Sibounnavong, Phoutthasone, Phommalath, Siviengkhek, Wongdee, Jenjira, Songwattana, Pongpan, Piromyou, Pongdet, Greetatorn, Teerana, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, Tittabutr , Panlada, and Teaumroong, Neung

Abstract

The interaction between leguminous plants and Bradyrhizobium is limited, known as host specificity. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate Bradyrhizobia for use as biofertilizer inoculum for legumes is necessary. The Arachis hypogea L. is the most popular legume produced in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR). Therefore, this research aimed to obtain the appropriate Bradyrhizobia that provides high efficiency in A. hypogea production in the Lao PDR. The 14 isolates were obtained from root nodules of A. hypogea L. trapped with Lao PDR soil samples. Three were the top isolates PMVTL-01, SMVTL-02, and BLXBL-03 showing high efficiency for peanut growth promotion. Strains PMVTL-01 and SMVTL-02 were closely related to the Bradyrhizobium geno sp. SA-3 Rp7b and B. zhanjiangense, respectively, whilst strain BLXBL-03 was closely related to Bradyrhizobium sp. CCBAU51745 and B. manausense BR3351. The competitiveness of these strains with Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2::GFP was analyzed, and only Bradyrhizobium sp. SMVTL-02 performed a number of occupied nodules higher than SUTN9-2::GFP. In addition, the competitiveness of the selected strain Bradyrhizobium sp. SMVTL-02 in a soil sample from the Lao PDR in the pot level was employed by tagging the SMVTL-02 with the DsRed gene. The results demonstrated that the DsRed-expressing tagged strain showed higher nodule occupancy than indigenous strains. Moreover, the results of the acetylene reduction assay (ARA), nodule number, nodule dry weight, and total plant dry weight from the pot experiment that inoculated with the SMVTL-02::DsRed were presented as having high potential to promote peanut growth as compared to non-inoculation. Thus, Bradyrhizobium sp. SMVTL-02 could be considered a potential biofertilizer inoculum for A. hypogea production in the Lao PDR.

Published
2023

15. Insights into Antifungal Mechanisms of Bacillus velezensis S141 against Cercospora Leaf Spot in Mungbean (V. radiata)

Author

Songwattana, Pongpan, primary, Boonchuen, Pakpoom, additional, Piromyou, Pongdet, additional, Wongdee, Jenjira, additional, Greetatorn, Teerana, additional, Inthaisong, Sukanya, additional, Alisha Tantasawat, Piyada, additional, Teamtisong, Kamonluck, additional, Tittabutr, Panlada, additional, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, additional, and Teaumroong, Neung, additional

Published
2023
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16. Application of Light-Emitting Diodes with Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi for Tomato Seedling Production

Author

Songsaeng, Apisit, primary, Tittabutr, Panlada, additional, Umnajkitikorn, Kamolchanok, additional, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, additional, Wongdee, Jenjira, additional, Songwattana, Pongpan, additional, Piromyou, Pongdet, additional, Greetatorn, Teerana, additional, Girdthai, Teerayoot, additional, and Teaumroong, Neung, additional

Published
2022
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17. The innovation of the symbiosome has enhanced the evolutionary stability of nitrogen fixation in legumes

Author

de Faria, Sergio M., primary, Ringelberg, Jens J., additional, Gross, Eduardo, additional, Koenen, Erik J. M., additional, Cardoso, Domingos, additional, Ametsitsi, George K. D., additional, Akomatey, John, additional, Maluk, Marta, additional, Tak, Nisha, additional, Gehlot, Hukam S., additional, Wright, Kathryn M., additional, Teaumroong, Neung, additional, Songwattana, Pongpan, additional, de Lima, Haroldo C., additional, Prin, Yves, additional, Zartman, Charles E., additional, Sprent, Janet I., additional, Ardley, Julie, additional, Hughes, Colin E., additional, and James, Euan K., additional

Published
2022
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18. The innovation of the symbiosome has enhanced the evolutionary stability of nitrogen fixation in legumes

Author

De Faria, Sergio Miana, Ringelberg, Jens J., Gross, Eduardo, Koenen, Erik J.M., Cardoso, Domingos, Ametsitsi, George K. D., Akomatey, John, Maluk, Marta, Tak, Nisha, Gehlot, Hukam S., Wright, Kathryn M., Teaumroong, Neung, Songwattana, Pongpan, De Lima, Haroldo C., Prin, Yves, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Sprent, Janet I., Ardley, Julie, Hughes, Colin E., James, Euan K., De Faria, Sergio Miana, Ringelberg, Jens J., Gross, Eduardo, Koenen, Erik J.M., Cardoso, Domingos, Ametsitsi, George K. D., Akomatey, John, Maluk, Marta, Tak, Nisha, Gehlot, Hukam S., Wright, Kathryn M., Teaumroong, Neung, Songwattana, Pongpan, De Lima, Haroldo C., Prin, Yves, Zartman, Charles Eugene, Sprent, Janet I., Ardley, Julie, Hughes, Colin E., and James, Euan K.

Abstract

Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis is globally important in ecosystem functioning and agriculture, yet the evolutionary history of nodulation remains the focus of considerable debate. Recent evidence suggesting a single origin of nodulation followed by massive parallel evolutionary losses raises questions about why a few lineages in the N2-fixing clade retained nodulation and diversified as stable nodulators, while most did not. Within legumes, nodulation is restricted to the two most diverse subfamilies, Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae, which show stable retention of nodulation across their core clades. We characterize two nodule anatomy types across 128 species in 56 of the 152 genera of the legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae: fixation thread nodules (FTs), where nitrogen-fixing bacteroids are retained within the apoplast in modified infection threads, and symbiosomes, where rhizobia are symplastically internalized in the host cell cytoplasm within membrane-bound symbiosomes (SYMs). Using a robust phylogenomic tree based on 997 genes from 147 Caesalpinioideae genera, we show that losses of nodulation are more prevalent in lineages with FTs than those with SYMs. We propose that evolution of the symbiosome allows for a more intimate and enduring symbiosis through tighter compartmentalization of their rhizobial microsymbionts, resulting in greater evolutionary stability of nodulation across this species-rich pantropical legume clade.

Published
2022

19. The innovation of the symbiosome has enhanced the evolutionary stability of nitrogen fixation in legumes

Author

de Faria, Sergio M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5066-046X, Ringelberg, Jens J; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-5210, Gross, Eduardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1057-0432, Koenen, Erik J M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4825-4339, Cardoso, Domingos; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7072-2656, Ametsitsi, George K D, Akomatey, John, Maluk, Marta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-0094, Tak, Nisha; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-4119, Gehlot, Hukam S; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7447-4960, Wright, Kathryn M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5815-0808, Teaumroong, Neung; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2788-9458, Songwattana, Pongpan, de Lima, Haroldo C; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2154-670X, Prin, Yves; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3706-0045, Zartman, Charles E; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-9782, Sprent, Janet I, Ardley, Julie; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9938-606X, Hughes, Colin E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9701-0699, James, Euan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7969-6570, de Faria, Sergio M; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5066-046X, Ringelberg, Jens J; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0567-5210, Gross, Eduardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1057-0432, Koenen, Erik J M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4825-4339, Cardoso, Domingos; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7072-2656, Ametsitsi, George K D, Akomatey, John, Maluk, Marta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-0094, Tak, Nisha; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-4119, Gehlot, Hukam S; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7447-4960, Wright, Kathryn M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5815-0808, Teaumroong, Neung; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2788-9458, Songwattana, Pongpan, de Lima, Haroldo C; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2154-670X, Prin, Yves; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3706-0045, Zartman, Charles E; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8481-9782, Sprent, Janet I, Ardley, Julie; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9938-606X, Hughes, Colin E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9701-0699, and James, Euan K; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7969-6570

Abstract

Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis is globally important in ecosystem functioning and agriculture, yet the evolutionary history of nodulation remains the focus of considerable debate. Recent evidence suggesting a single origin of nodulation followed by massive parallel evolutionary losses raises questions about why a few lineages in the N2 -fixing clade retained nodulation and diversified as stable nodulators, while most did not. Within legumes, nodulation is restricted to the two most diverse subfamilies, Papilionoideae and Caesalpinioideae, which show stable retention of nodulation across their core clades. We characterize two nodule anatomy types across 128 species in 56 of the 152 genera of the legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae: fixation thread nodules (FTs), where nitrogen-fixing bacteroids are retained within the apoplast in modified infection threads, and symbiosomes, where rhizobia are symplastically internalized in the host cell cytoplasm within membrane-bound symbiosomes (SYMs). Using a robust phylogenomic tree based on 997 genes from 147 Caesalpinioideae genera, we show that losses of nodulation are more prevalent in lineages with FTs than those with SYMs. We propose that evolution of the symbiosome allows for a more intimate and enduring symbiosis through tighter compartmentalization of their rhizobial microsymbionts, resulting in greater evolutionary stability of nodulation across this species-rich pantropical legume clade.

Published
2022

22. The New Putative Type III Effector SkP48 in Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 is Involved in Legume Nodulation

Author

Piromyou, Pongdet, primary, Songwattana, Pongpan, additional, Boonchuen, Pakpoom, additional, Nguyen, Hien P., additional, Manassila, Monchai, additional, Tantanuch, Waraporn, additional, Maikhunthod, Bussayarat, additional, Teamtisong, Kamonluck, additional, Tittabut, Panlada, additional, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, additional, Giraud, Eric, additional, and Teaumroong, Neung, additional

Published
2021
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23. Type III Secretion System of Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2 Obstructs Symbiosis with Lotus spp

Author

Hashimoto, Shun, Goto, Kohki, Pyromyou, Pongdet, Songwattana, Pongpan, Greetatorn, Teerana, Tittabutr, Panlada, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, Teaumroong, Neung, and Uchiumi, Toshiki

Subjects
Short Communication, fungi, food and beverages, Plant Root Nodulation, type III secretion system, Bacterial Proteins, Mutation, Lotus, Type III Secretion Systems, Lotus spp, Bradyrhizobium, Root Nodules, Plant, Symbiosis, effector protein
Abstract

The rhizobial type III secretion system secretes effector proteins into host plant cells, which may either promote or inhibit symbiosis with legumes. We herein demonstrated that the type III secretion system of Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2 obstructed symbiosis with Lotus japonicus Miyakojima, L. japonicus Gifu, and Lotus burttii. A mutant of SUTN9-2 that is unable to secrete effector proteins showed better nodulation and plant growth promotion than wild-type SUTN9-2 when paired with these Lotus spp. We propose that SUTN9-2 is a useful strain for understanding the mechanisms by which effector proteins obstruct symbiosis between Bradyrhizobium and Lotus spp.

Published
2020

25. Symbiotic properties of a chimeric Nod‐independent photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium strain obtained by conjugative transfer of a symbiotic plasmid

Author

Songwattana, Pongpan, primary, Tittabutr, Panlada, additional, Wongdee, Jenjira, additional, Teamtisong, Kamonluck, additional, Wulandari, Dyah, additional, Teulet, Albin, additional, Fardoux, Joel, additional, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, additional, Giraud, Eric, additional, and Teaumroong, Neung, additional

Published
2019
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28. The Type III Secretion System (T3SS) is a Determinant for Rice-Endophyte Colonization by Non-Photosynthetic Bradyrhizobium

Author

Piromyou, Pongdet, Songwattana, Pongpan, Greetatorn, Teerana, Okubo, Takashi, Kakizaki, Kaori Chiba, Prakamhang, Janpen, Tittabutr, Panlada, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, Teaumroong, Neung, and Minamisawa, Kiwamu

Subjects
fungi, food and beverages, Fabaceae, Oryza, Articles, Thailand, Endocytosis, type III secretion system, Rice (Oryza sativa), gene expression, Endophytes, Type III Secretion Systems, Bradyrhizobium, endophyte, Symbiosis, genome, Gene Deletion
Abstract

Plant associations by bradyrhizobia have been detected not only in leguminous plants, but also in non-leguminous species including rice. Bradyrhizobium sp. SUTN9-2 was isolated from Aeschynomene americana L., which is a leguminous weed found in the rice fields of Thailand. This strain promoted the highest total rice (Oryza sativa L. cultivar Pathum Thani 1) dry weight among the endophytic bradyrhizobial strains tested, and was, thus, employed for the further characterization of rice-Bradyrhizobium interactions. Some known bacterial genes involved in bacteria-plant interactions were selected. The expression of the type III secretion component (rhcJ), type IV secretion component (virD4), and pectinesterase (peces) genes of the bacterium were up-regulated when the rice root exudate was added to the culture. When SUTN9-2 was inoculated into rice seedlings, the peces, rhcJ, virD4, and exopolysaccharide production (fliP) genes were strongly expressed in the bacterium 6-24 h after the inoculation. The gene for glutathione-S-transferase (gst) was slightly expressed 12 h after the inoculation. In order to determine whether type III secretion system (T3SS) is involved in bradyrhizobial infections in rice plants, wild-type SUTN9-2 and T3SS mutant strains were inoculated into the original host plant (A. americana) and a rice plant (cultivar Pathum Thani 1). The ability of T3SS mutants to invade rice tissues was weaker than that of the wild-type strain; however, their phenotypes in A. americana were not changed by T3SS mutations. These results suggest that T3SS is one of the important determinants modulating rice infection; however, type IV secretion system and peces may also be responsible for the early steps of rice infection.

Published
2015

30. nifDK Clusters Located on the Chromosome and Megaplasmid of Bradyrhizobium sp. Strain DOA9 Contribute Differently to Nitrogenase Activity During Symbiosis and Free-Living Growth

Author

Wongdee, Jenjira, primary, Songwattana, Pongpan, additional, Nouwen, Nico, additional, Noisangiam, Rujirek, additional, Fardoux, Joel, additional, Chaintreuil, Clémence, additional, Teaumroong, Neung, additional, Tittabutr, Panlada, additional, and Giraud, Eric, additional

Published
2016
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31. Genome Analysis of a Novel Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 Carrying a Symbiotic Plasmid

Author

Okazaki, Shin, primary, Noisangiam, Rujirek, additional, Okubo, Takashi, additional, Kaneko, Takakazu, additional, Oshima, Kenshiro, additional, Hattori, Masahira, additional, Teamtisong, Kamonluck, additional, Songwattana, Pongpan, additional, Tittabutr, Panlada, additional, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, additional, Saeki, Kazuhiko, additional, Sato, Shusei, additional, Uchiumi, Toshiki, additional, Minamisawa, Kiwamu, additional, and Teaumroong, Neung, additional

Published
2015
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32. Divergent Nod-Containing Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 with a Megaplasmid and its Host Range

Author

Teamtisong, Kamonluck, primary, Songwattana, Pongpan, additional, Noisangiam, Rujirek, additional, Piromyou, Pongdet, additional, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, additional, Tittabutr, Panlada, additional, Minamisawa, Kiwamu, additional, Nantagij, Achara, additional, Okazaki, Shin, additional, Abe, Mikiko, additional, Uchiumi, Toshiki, additional, and Teaumroong, Neung, additional

Published
2014
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33. Type 3 Secretion System (T3SS) of Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 and Its Roles in Legume Symbiosis and Rice Endophytic Association

Author

Songwattana, Pongpan, Noisangiam, Rujirek, Teamtisong, Kamonluck, Prakamhang, Janpen, Teulet, Albin, Tittabutr, Panlada, Piromyou, Pongdet, Boonkerd, Nantakorn, Giraud, Eric, and Teaumroong, Neung

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, food and beverages, bacteria, effector proteins, Bradyrhizobium, legume, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, symbiosis, type 3 secretion system
Abstract

The Bradyrhizobium sp. DOA9 strain isolated from a paddy field has the ability to nodulate a wide spectrum of legumes. Unlike other bradyrhizobia, this strain has a symbiotic plasmid harboring nod, nif, and type 3 secretion system (T3SS) genes. This T3SS cluster contains all the genes necessary for the formation of the secretory apparatus and the transcriptional activator (TtsI), which is preceded by a nod-box motif. An in silico search predicted 14 effectors putatively translocated by this T3SS machinery. In this study, we explored the role of the T3SS in the symbiotic performance of DOA9 by evaluating the ability of a T3SS mutant (ΩrhcN) to nodulate legumes belonging to Dalbergioid, Millettioid, and Genistoid tribes. Among the nine species tested, four (Arachis hypogea, Vigna radiata, Crotalaria juncea, and Macroptilium atropurpureum) responded positively to the rhcN mutation (ranging from suppression of plant defense reactions, an increase in the number of nodules and a dramatic improvement in nodule development and infection), one (Stylosanthes hamata) responded negatively (fewer nodules and less nitrogen fixation) and four species (Aeschynomene americana, Aeschynomene afraspera, Indigofera tinctoria, and Desmodium tortuosum) displayed no phenotype. We also tested the role of the T3SS in the ability of the DOA9 strain to endophytically colonize rice roots, but detected no effect of the T3SS mutation, in contrast to what was previously reported in the Bradyrhizobium SUTN9-2 strain. Taken together, these data indicate that DOA9 contains a functional T3SS that interferes with the ability of the strain to interact symbiotically with legumes but not with rice.

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