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Abstract Heptafluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N) is being considered as a promising alternative to the greenhouse gas SF6 in the electrical industry. However, its biotoxicity necessitates the development of gas sensing technology to detect leaked C4F7N. A combination of density functional theory and experiments was employed to evaluate the adsorption and sensing performance of different metal‐phthalocyanines as potential sensing materials for C4F7N detection. The study included exploring adsorption configurations with adsorption energies, electron transfer, and adsorption distance, as well as comparisons of electronic properties, electron distribution, and density of states (DOS) among the MPcs. Furthermore, gas sensing experiments were conducted using different MPcs to detect 25–100 ppm C4F7N. The results revealed that Mn‐Pc, Fe‐Pc, Co‐Pc, and Zn‐Pc exhibited considerable chemical interactions, while Ni‐Pc and Cu‐Pc showed weaker adsorption strength. These findings were further elucidated based on the electron density and DOS of atomic orbitals. Moreover, gas sensing experiments indicated that Co‐Pc demonstrated a higher response compared to Fe‐Pc at the same concentration of C4F7N. Overall, the theoretical and experimental insights offer valuable guidance for C4F7N detection and provide a systematic approach to screen and explore organometallic polymer‐based gas sensors applicable in various fields.

Abstract Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) operates on the principle of utilizing contact electrification and electrostatic induction. However, visualization and standardized quantification of surface charges for triboelectric materials remain challenging. Here, we report a surface charge visualization and standardized quantification method using electrostatic surface potential measured by Kevin probe and the iterative regularization strategy. Moreover, a tuning strategy on surface charge is demonstrated based on the corona discharge with a three-electrode design. The long-term stability and dissipation mechanisms of the injected negative or positive charges demonstrate high dependence on deep carrier traps in triboelectric materials. Typically, we achieved a 70-fold enhancement on the output voltage (~135.7 V) for the identical polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) based TENG (neg-PTFE/PTFE or posi-PTFE/PTFE triboelectric pair) with stable surface charge density (5% decay after 140 days). The charged PTFE was demonstrated as a robot e-skins for non-contact perception of object geometrics. This work provides valuable tools for surface charge visualization and quantification, giving a new strategy for a deeper understanding of contact electrification.

Abstract The exploration of eco‐friendly insulating gas to substitute the most potent greenhouse gas sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) has consistently garnered significant attention. Herein, the authors evaluated the feasibility of utilising perfluoromethyl vinyl ether (PMVE, C3F6O) as a new branch of eco‐friendly insulating gas for the first time. The primary dielectric and stability characteristics of PMVE regarding AC breakdown, partial discharge, dielectric recovery, and decomposition properties were revealed under various gas pressure and electrical field conditions. It was found that PMVE demonstrated superior dielectric strength, with the AC breakdown and PD inception voltage (PDIV) 1.10 and 1.14 times that of pure SF6. Furthermore, the dielectric strength of PMVE exhibits stability even after undergoing 100 cycles of AC breakdowns, and there is no observable formation of solid precipitation on the electrode surface. The discharge decomposition of PMVE mainly generates fluorocarbon (CF4, C2F6, C3F6, C3F8, etc.) and CO. Overall, the exceptional insulation stability and no absence of solid precipitation features endow PMVE to be utilised as a new eco‐friendly gas for SF6‐free gas‐insulated equipment.

Abstract When a high‐speed train approaches the insulated phase‐splitting section embedded between neighbouring power supply arms, the vacuum circuit breaker (VCB) installed on trains must be disconnected to maintain the traction power supply system as a no‐load condition for completing phase‐switching action, as the train passes through the phase‐splitting section depending on its inertia. However, when operating VCBs, the arc is easily triggered between the mobile contacts inside, accompanied by an overvoltage impulse. Herein, to explore the generating mechanism of inrush current and operational overvoltage, a model describing the ‘substation‐catenary‐train’ traction power supply system is launched based on an equivalent circuit modelling technique. Through the analysis of the transient VCB operational process, the phase of catenary voltage is directly related to the characteristics of the VCB switching‐on overvoltage, as the traction current's phase angle is relevant to the amplitude‐frequency characteristics of the VCB switching‐off overvoltage. Inrush current as a noteworthy element is related to the traction transformer's remanence. The automatic phase‐switching technique is utilised to suppress both operational overvoltage and inrush current, as the optimal combination of VCB switching‐on and switching‐off phases considering the balance between overvoltage and inrush current is achieved based on the particle swarm algorithm.

Grain sampling and inspection is the key process for food safety and the important technical support for the grain quality supervision. There are still many gaps between the current grain sample inspection quality and enterprise expectations. Based on the field survey of the grain reserve enterprises to Beijing, Hebei, InnerMongolia, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Ningxia, the realistic dilemma for the basic attitude analysis was found, and the results showed that the difficulties concerning in legislation, standard, monitoring, technology and industry. Strategy choice of improving the quality for grain sampling inspection required strengthening legislation, standardization system, administrative supervision, technology providing and industry development, to ensure the stability and quality safety of the national grain supply.

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could modulate expression of immune checkpoints (ICPs) by cooperating with immunity genes in tumor immunization. However, precise functions in immunity and potential for predicting ICP inhibitors (ICI) response have been described for only a few lncRNAs. Here we present an integrated framework that leverages network-based analyses and Bayesian network inference to identify the regulated relationships including lncRNA, ICP and immunity genes as ICP-related LncRNAs mediated Core Regulatory Circuitry Triplets (ICP-LncCRCTs) that can make robust predictions. Hub ICP-related lncRNAs such as MIR155HG and ADAMTS9-AS2 were highlighted to play central roles in immune regulation. Specific ICP-related lncRNAs could distinguish cancer subtypes. Moreover, the ICP-related lncRNAs are likely to significantly correlated with immune cell infiltration, MHC, CYT. Some ICP-LncCRCTs such as CXCL10-MIR155HG-ICOS could better predict one-, three- and five-year prognosis compared to single molecule in melanoma. We also validated that some ICP-LncCRCTs could effectively predict ICI-response using three kinds of machine learning algorithms follow five independent datasets. Specially, combining ICP-LncCRCTs with the tumor mutation burden (TMB) improves the prediction of ICI-treated melanoma patients. Altogether, this study will improve our grasp of lncRNA functions and accelerating discovery of lncRNA-based biomarkers in ICI treatment.

BackgroundAnoikis is a form of programmed cell death essential for preventing cancer metastasis. In some solid cancer, anoikis resistance can facilitate tumor progression. However, this phenomenon is underexplored in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).MethodsUsing SVM machine learning, we identified core anoikis-related genes (ARGs) from ccRCC patient transcriptomic data. A LASSO Cox regression model stratified patients into risk groups, informing a prognostic model. GSVA and ssGSEA assessed immune infiltration, and single-cell analysis examined ARG expression across immune cells. Quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry validated ARG expression differences between immune therapy responders and non-responders in ccRCC.ResultsARGs such as CCND1, CDKN3, PLK1, and BID were key in predicting ccRCC outcomes, linking higher risk with increased Treg infiltration and reduced M1 macrophage presence, indicating an immunosuppressive environment facilitated by anoikis resistance. Single-cell insights showed ARG enrichment in Tregs and dendritic cells, affecting immune checkpoints. Immunohistochemical analysis reveals that ARGs protein expression is markedly elevated in ccRCC tissues responsive to immunotherapy.ConclusionThis study establishes a novel anoikis resistance gene signature that predicts survival and immunotherapy response in ccRCC, suggesting that manipulating the immune environment through these ARGs could improve therapeutic strategies and prognostication in ccRCC.

Abstract The eco‐friendly insulating gas perfluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N) is potentially used in gas‐insulated transformers (GIT) to replace sulphur hexafluoride (SF6). However, evaluation of the long‐term insulation reliability and gas–solid interface discharge decomposition characteristics of the gas–solid film insulation structure in GIT is indispensable. The authors simulated the gas–solid film insulation structure in GIT and explored the interface partial discharge (PD) characteristics of C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture with polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The effect of gas pressure, mixing ratio on gas–solid interface gas decomposition, PET degradation was investigated, and the interaction mechanism was analysed. It is found that the interface PD generated three degradation regions on a PET film. The gas–solid interface reaction in the electrode contact region and the discharge development trace was significantly higher than that of halation region. The content of gas decomposition products decreases with the increase of gas pressure and the PD intensity of SF6‐PET is inferior to that of C4F7N/CO2 under the same condition. Relevant results provide reference for the development and application of C4F7N/CO2 based GIT.

Abstract Heat dissipation performance is crucial for the operational reliability of industrial equipment, which can be monitored by detecting the wind or airflow temperature of the radiator. The emergence of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) provides new routes for wind energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing. Herein, a rotary wind‐driven triboelectric nanogenerator (RW‐TENG) with soft‐contact working mode is newly designed to achieve tunable contact areas by utilizing the reliable thermal response of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) to air/wind temperature. The RW‐TENG can generate different triboelectric outputs under air stimulation with different speeds or temperatures, which is demonstrated as a power source for online monitoring sensors, self‐powered wind speed sensing, and airflow temperature monitoring. Specifically, a self‐powered sensor of wind speed is demonstrated with a sensitivity of 0.526 µA m−1 s between 2.2 and 19.6 m s−1, and a self‐powered monitoring device of high airflow temperature, which show relatively short response time (109 s), strong anti‐interference ability and outstanding long‐term durability. This study introduces an innovative route for real‐time detection of airflow temperature in wind‐cooled industrial equipment, showing broad application prospects for information perception and intelligent sensing of the industrial IoTs.

Background:. Mallet finger deformity is a prevalent disability that causes discomfort and inconvenience to the patients. Despite the existence of various surgical approaches, surgical management remains a controversial subject. Methods:. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 26 patients with isolated tendinous mallet fingers who were admitted between January 2021 and June 2022. Among them, there were 18 men and eight women, aged between 20 and 56 years, with an average age of 38 years. The causes of injury were cutting injuries (15 cases), sports impact injuries (nine cases), and sprains (two cases). The time interval between injury and surgery ranged from 2 hours to 48 days, with an average of 12 days. During the surgical procedure, the distal interphalangeal joint was fixed in a mild dorsiflexion position using Kirschner wire. Absorbable anchors were used to assist in the reconstruction of the insertion point of the finger extensor tendon. Additionally, a 4-0 Prolene suture was used for reinforcement. Results:. All 26 patients were followed up for a period ranging from 6 to 24 months, with an average follow-up duration of 9 months. The function of distal interphalangeal joint was preserved. According to the Crawford functional evaluation criteria, the function of the affected fingers was excellent in 15 cases, good in eight cases, fair in three cases, and poor in no cases. Conclusions:. A novel Prolene suture pull-out technique is an effective approach to repair tendon mallet finger and reconstruct the tendon-bone anatomical unit. This treatment option provides favorable outcomes, with high rates of excellent and good functional results.

Abstract In modern megacities, stray currents from metro systems intrude into multiple transformers' neutral points becoming a potential threat to the high‐capacity transformers. Neutral current anomalies are exacerbated in unprotected substations when we instal guards at single stations. This paper presents a system protection strategy for multiple substations affected by stray currents in modern megacities. The model, taking Shanghai as an example, includes the spatial distribution information of the urban electrical energy transmission structure, the power system, and the metro system. A Particle swarm algorithm is used to calculate the resistance values of the devices for each station. Further stability tests are performed to select the optimal protection solution. The results show that when protection is considered as a system, the protection runs well and the neutral current level remains below the unprotected level when the protection fails at a single station or multiple stations.

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate the relationship between different dietary patterns and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods Residents over 30 years old in the ecological longevity cohort in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi Province were the research objects selected from 2018 to 2019. Physical examination, baseline population survey, and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) survey were conducted. Dietary patterns were analyzed by factor analysis. Influencing factors of NAFLD were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results NAFLD was diagnosed in 241 of 2664 participants based on ultrasonography, and the detection rate was 9.0%. Factor analysis yielded a total of three dietary patterns, namely, traditional Chinese, Western, and cereal-potato dietary patterns. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, participants in the highest quartile of the Western dietary pattern exhibited a higher prevalence of NAFLD (OR = 2.799; 95% CI: 1.620–4.837; p

SF6 is widely developed and applied in gas insulated electrical equipment due to its excellent arc extinguishing performance and insulation performance. However, SF6 is very destructive to the ozone layer and has a strong cumulative effect on the greenhouse effect of global warming. Therefore, the inevitable trend of the development of power grid equipment in the future is to reduce or even prohibit the use of SF6 gas in the power system, power industry and electrical equipment, or to find insulation media that can replace SF6. As a result, the research on environment-friendly insulating gas has become popular. In this paper, power frequency partial discharge platform and GC–MS​ detection platform are used to systematically study the partial discharge and decomposition characteristics of C5F10O under N2 and CO2 background gases. The partial discharge extinction voltage (PDIV) and partial discharge statistical characteristics of C5F10O under two different background gases, as well as the variety and concentration change of mixed gas decomposition products are theoretically analyzed and compared with SF6. It is found that, similar to SF6, the PDIV of C5F10O under two kinds of background gases increases linearly with the increase of air pressure. The PDIV under N2 background is smaller than that under CO2 background under the same conditions, and its insulation performance is slightly better than that under CO2 background. The partial discharge decomposition of C5F10O mixed gas mainly produces fluorocarbons such as CF4, C2F4, C2F6, C3F8, C3F6, and a small amount of CO, COF2, C3HF7, and CHF3. The increase of air pressure inhibits the partial discharge decomposition of mixed gas.

In recent years, fluorocarbon gases C4F7N and C5F10O, as potential alternative gases to SF6, have gained widespread attention due to their good insulation performance and environmental friendliness. However, as partial discharges inevitably occur within the equipment during actual operation, this causes partial decomposition of the fluorocarbon gas, which can result in the failure of electrical equipment and even threaten the stable operation of the power system. It is therefore important to monitor their decomposition, of which CF4, C3F6 and COF2 are the three main decomposition products. In this paper, the adsorption energy, charge transfer amount and the density of states of these three typical gas molecules were calculated and compared based on the First-principle, using ZrB and HfB as adsorbent materials. The results show that the adsorption strength of both ZrB and HfB is CO2F > C3F6 > CF4, and that all gas molecules gain electrons from the material surface during the adsorption process. Considering the adsorption energy and recovery time, it is concluded that ZrB can be used as an adsorbent for COF2, while HfB has the potential to be used as an adsorbent for COF2 or a C3F6 gas-sensitive material for online detection of gas-insulated equipment in power systems.

DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 was synthesized via self-assembly, and its physicochemical properties and ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated. The impact of photodynamic therapy on SH-SY5Y cells was assessed using the MTT assay, while flow cytometry analysis was employed to detect cell apoptosis. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was utilized to observe the intracellular distribution of DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 in SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, fluorescence imaging of DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 in nude mice bearing SH-SY5Y tumors and examination of the combined effects of photodynamic and chemical therapies were conducted. The incorporation of CB[7] significantly enhanced the optical properties of DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4, resulting in increased ROS production and pronounced toxicity towards SH-SY5Y cells. Moreover, both the apoptotic and mortality rates exhibited significant elevation. In vivo experiments demonstrated that tumor growth inhibition was most prominent in the DOX/TPOR4@CB[7]4 group. π–π interactions facilitated the binding between DOX and photosensitizer TPOR, with TPOR’s naphthalene hydrophilic groups encapsulated within CB[7]’s cavity through host–guest interactions with CB[7]. Therefore, CB[7] can serve as a nanocarrier to enhance the combined application of chemical therapy and photodynamic therapy, thereby significantly improving treatment efficacy against neuroblastoma tumors.

Abstract Objective To analyze the relationship between plasma metal elements, ApoE gene polymorphisms and the interaction between the two and impaired cognitive function in elderly population. Method A stratified sample was drawn according to the age of the study population, and 911 subjects were included. Baseline information and health indicators were obtained, and cognitive function status was assessed by health examination, a general questionnaire and Mini-Mental Status Examination. Plasma metal elements were measured, and SNP typing was performed. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing cognitive function status and the association between the SNP genetic pattern of the ApoE gene and cognitive function. Results The differences in gene frequencies and genotype frequencies of the ApoE rs7412 and rs7259620 genotype frequencies were statistically different between the cognitive impairment group and the control group (P

Grain reserve is the important material basis for food safety, and the grain storage management is core business for grain reserve security. In this paper, the whole process of grain storage management was classified into preparation, input, storage and output such 4 process and 23 steps, which can match the problems occurring in each process with 6 essential factors including human, machine, material, method, environment and measurement and 15 subdivision factors based on the matrix graph method. Six key control points, such as warehouse tidiness, personnel technical ability, grain origin investigation in the preparation, technology and equipment, operation rules and regulations in the storage, and quality control of sample determination in the warehouse link, were identified through by the Pareto chart. This study put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to ensure the quality of grain reserves and improve the standardization of storage management in the new period based on the key control points.

In the paper, the finite element model of the assembled concrete structure is constructed based on the finite element method combined with ABAQUS software, including the specific definition of the model material, the boundary condition and contact setting, the analysis step and loading setting, and the validity of the constructed finite element model is verified. In order to deeply explore the stress changes of the assembled concrete structure, four aspects were analyzed, namely, concrete strength grade, load-mid-span displacement curve, stress of tensile and compressive reinforcement, and stress changes of frame combination beams respectively. The results showed that the larger the concrete strength grade, the relative stiffness ratio at the peak point gradually decreased from 0.44 to 0.27, and the specimen of concrete structure with higher steel content reached the maximum load at the mid-span displacement of 12.5 mm. The reinforcement at the end of the steel frame reaches the yield stress only when the lateral displacement is 25.8 mm, while the RC frame reaches the yield stress when the lateral displacement is 16.1 mm. When the load of the assembled concrete structural frame combination beams does not exceed 0.5 times the ultimate load, the stress change is elastic, which can ensure the stability of the assembled concrete structural building. Using the finite element model to model the assembled concrete structure numerically analyzes its stress change, which can better grasp the development of its structural stress during the actual casting process so as to ensure the safety of the building structure.

Gas-insulated equipment (GIE) that utilizes the most potent greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as insulation and arc-quenching medium has been widely used in the power industry. Seeking eco-friendly insulating gas with advanced performance for next-generation SF6-free GIE is significant for the “net-zero” goal and sustainable development. In this paper, the utilization, emission, and reduction policies of SF6 around the world were summarized first. Then, we systematically reviewed the latest progress in comprehensive performance evaluation of eco-friendly insulating gas in terms of molecular design, dielectric insulation, arc-quenching, stability and decomposition, materials compatibility, biosafety, etc. Further, the representative applications of eco-friendly insulating gas in medium-voltage, high-voltage GIE as well as relevant maintenance-related technologies were highlighted. Accordingly, the existing challenges and future perspectives were proposed, presenting a roadmap to hopefully steer the development of eco-friendly insulating gas and GIE.

The application field of drones is being broadened with the development of communication and computer technology, but the communication link and data security of drones are facing great threats due to the limited hardware and software resource environment. Attackers can access not only the intermediate data of drone nodes through various means, but even tamper or manipulate their communication environment, when the drone and the control terminal are not trusted and can be regarded as a white-box attack environment. To solve the security problem in drone communication, a lightweight block cipher CARX for drones is proposed and white-boxed for its implementation to cope with the increasingly severe white-box attacks. And over this cryptographic algorithm, a simulated lightweight white-box encryption communication system for drones (LWED) is designed, which can complete the encryption and decryption operations and secure transmission of data and images, etc. The average encryption rate of the 64-bit version of the algorithm is 7.29×10-2Mbps, and the average encryption rate of white-box CARX (WCARX) is 1.18×10-2Mbps, and the average decryption time of the flight status parameters data of the encrypted communication control system is 0.14s. Compared with similar algorithms, the CARX algorithm can guarantee the encryption and decryption efficiency while providing high security and resistance to a variety of attacks, and can fully secure the data during the communication process after being built into the security system of drone.

Objective: This study aimed to help with improving and increasing the added value of highland barley. Methods: Back highland barley powder was used as raw material to prepare low content rapidly digestible starch by α-amylase. Highland barley powder with low content of fast digestible starch was prepared by α-amylase. The optimal technological conditions for reducing the content of fast digestible starch in highland barley were optimized by response surface test with the content of fast digestible starch as the index, and the hypoglycemic activity in vitro was evaluated by the inhibition rate of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. Results: The optimum conditions for α-amylase preparation of highland barley powder with low content of fast digestible starch were as follows: α-amylase dosage of 150 U/g, solid-liquid ratio of 1∶10 (g/mL), enzymolysis at 65 ℃ for 2 h. Under the control of these conditions, the content of fast digestible starch in black highland barley was 11.6%, and the content of slow digestible starch was 13.0%, with 75.4% of the resistant. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the highest inhibition rates of α-glucosidase and α-amylase were 75.86% and 75.54%, respectively. Conclusion: The method can greatly reduce the content of fast digestible starch in highland barley.

During the operation of the urban subway, there will be stray current leaking into the ground, which may invade the neutral point of the transformer along the subway line, causing the working magnetization curve of the transformer core to shift, thereby causing the direct-current (DC) bias effect of the transformer. Since there are unknown parameters in the equivalent circuit model of the stray current of the subway, in order to simplify the process of the influence of the subway operation on the neutral current, based on the analysis of the formation mechanism of stray current, a real subway line has been selected and a monitoring platform in the nearby high-voltage (HV) substation has been built to record the neutral current. Meanwhile, through the on-site recording of the entry and exit time of subway trains at four consecutive stations, the running trajectories of the subway trains can be reversed. According to the trajectory of the subway train, the recorded neutral current was re-divided into time periods, and the synergistic analysis of the neutral current and the train trajectory in the corresponding time period was carried out. The neutral current measurement results for 4 consecutive days indicate that the influence of the subway train on the neutral current of the substation is mainly the influence of the unbalanced load, and the degree of the unbalance mainly comes from the distance and the acceleration and braking of the subway train. The trajectory of the subway train is related to the amplitude of the neutral current. The closer the subway train is to the substation, the greater the impact on the neutral current.

Anomaly detection has become one of the crucial tasks in hyperspectral images processing. However, most deep learning-based anomaly detection methods often suffer from the incapability of utilizing spatial–spectral information, which decreases the detection accuracy. To address this problem, we propose a novel hyperspectral anomaly detection method with a spatial–spectral dual-window mask transformer, termed as S2DWMTrans, which can fully extract features from global and local perspectives, and suppress the reconstruction of anomaly targets adaptively. Specifically, the dual-window mask transformer aggregates background information of the entire image from a global perspective to neutralize anomalies, and uses neighboring pixels in a dual-window to suppress anomaly reconstruction. An adaptive-weighted loss function is designed to further suppress anomaly reconstruction adaptively during network training process. According to our investigation, this is the first work to apply transformer to hyperspectral anomaly detection. Comparative experiments and ablation studies demonstrate that the proposed S2DWMTrans achieves competitive performance.

Abstract Background Exposure to heavy metals in the environment is widespread, while the relationship between combined exposure to heavy metals and dyslipidemia is unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed, and 3544 participants aged 30 years or older were included in the analyses. Heavy metal concentrations in plasma were based on inductively coupled plasma‒mass spectrometry. The relationship between heavy metals and dyslipidemia was estimated by logistic regression. BKMR was used to evaluate metal mixtures and their potential interactions. Results In logistic regression analysis, participants in the fourth quartile of Fe and Zn (Fe > 1352.38 µg/L; Zn > 4401.42 µg/L) had a relatively higher risk of dyslipidemia (Fe, OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.92,1.38; Zn, OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.03,1.64). After sex stratification, females in the third quartile of plasma Zn (1062.05-4401.42 µg/L) had a higher relative risk of dyslipidemia (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.28, 2.38). In BKMR analysis, metal mixtures were negatively associated with dyslipidemia in females when all metal concentrations were above the 50th percentile. In the total population (estimated from 0.030 to 0.031), As was positively associated with dyslipidemia when other metals were controlled at the 25th, 50th, or 75th percentile, respectively, and As was below the 75th percentile. In females (estimated from − 0.037 to -0.031), Zn was negatively associated with dyslipidemia when it was above the 50th percentile. Conclusion This study indicated that As was positively associated with dyslipidemia and that Zn may be negatively associated with dyslipidemia in females. Combined metal exposure was negatively associated with dyslipidemia in females. Females with low plasma Zn levels are more likely to develop dyslipidemia and should receive more clinical attention in this population.

Abstract At present, reports on the arc interruption and decomposition behavior of a C4F7N/air gas mixture especially the biosafety of its by‐products are limited. Herein, a 57% C4F7N/43% air gas mixture was employed as an arc‐quenching medium to conduct 200 breaking tests on a load switch (630 A/24 kV). The arc interruption and decomposition behavior of the gas mixture were evaluated, and the biosafety of the decomposition products was assessed based on an acute inhalation toxicity test. It was found that the average arcing time of the 200 breakings was about 10.1 ms and that breakings were basically completed at the zero‐crossing of the second or third current half‐cycle. The gas mixture after breaking decomposed dramatically (the C4F7N content decreased by 75.6%), generating a large number of gaseous by‐products (CO, CF4, C2F6, C3F8, CF3CN, C4F8, CO2, C4F10N2, C3F6, C2N2, etc.) as well as solid by‐products (carbon particles). The lethal concentration of 50% (LC50, 4 h) of C4F7N/air after 200 breakings was 31 ppm (male mice) and 34 ppm (female mice), respectively, and the toxicity was classified as Grade 1. In general, C4F7N has an arc interruption capability, albeit weaker than that of SF6 under the same conditions. After breaking, the C4F7N gas mixture has a relatively high acute inhalation toxicity, and relevant safety protection measures for research or operation personnel are strictly needed.

Current electronic voting systems mostly relied on central server and the trusted third party, this kind system architecture increases the security risks of voting, and even makes voting fail.In order to solve this issue, an electronic voting system BFV-blockchainvoting that supported BFV homomorphic encryption was proposed, and this system applied the blockchain technology to the electronic voting system to replace the trusted third party.Firstly, an open and transparent bulletin board was used to record the vote information, and an intelligent contract was used to realize the functions of verification and self counting.Secondly, in order to further improve the security and reliability of the voting process, the voter’s registration information was signed by SM2 signature algorithm, the ballot was managed by both parties that can supervise each other, and the counting data was encrypted by the BFV full homomorphic encryption algorithm.Finally, the evaluation of performance shows that it only costs 1.69 ms to complete one ballot in the proposed electronic voting system.This electronic voting scheme based on the BFV full homomorphic encryption and blockchain has better security attributes such as manipulation-resistance, anonymity, verifiability, double-voting resistance, coercion-resistance and resistance to quantum attacks.The scheme is suitable for a variety of voting scenarios and can meet the efficiency requirements in large voting scenarios.

Objective To investigate the gut microbiome composition and changes and its association with disease severity in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods This study was a prospective cross-sectional analysis. The subjects of the study were AP patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 2018 to January 2022 and healthy volunteers. The clinical data and stool samples of the two groups were collected, the 16S rRNA of the gut microbiome was DNA sequenced, and bioinformatic analysis was performed. The differences in gut microbiome between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between the intestinal flora and the severity of AP was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results A total of 60 AP patients and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Among the AP patients, 20 were mild AP, 20 were moderately severe AP, and 20 were severe AP. During hospitalization, 22 cases were transferred to ICU, while 38 cases were not. In α diversity analysis, the Shannon index of AP patients was significant decreased compared to healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). β diversity of the two groups was significantly different. At the phylum, family, genus and species levels, there were also significant differences in the microbiome composition between the two groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis revealed that g_Escherichia-Shigella, g_Enterococcus, and f_Enterococcaceae were dominant in AP patients while g_Blautia, and g_Bifidobacterium were dominant in healthy volunteers. Function analysis found that multiple amino acid biosynthesis pathways were blocked in gut microbiome of AP patients, and potential pathogenicity and migration ability of gut microbiome increased significantly. In subgroup analysis, g_Enterococcus was increased and g_Bacteroidaceae was decreased in ICU patients compared to non-ICU patients. Based on the probability of disease index, the ROC curve showed that the area under the curve for identifying AP patients and AP patients transferred to ICU were 0.996 and 0.743. Conclusions The pathogenic bacteria increased and the beneficial bacteria decreased in the gut microbiome of AP patients. Changes in gut microbiota are related to the severity of AP disease and therefore have the potential to be used as novel biomarkers for AP.

Abstract Background Kidney stones have become a worldwide public health problem. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between plasma cadmium level and the prevalence of kidney stones in an adult population. Methods The data of this study were based on a current survey conducted from December 2018 to November 2019 in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi, China. A total of 940 study subjects of the same sex and age (within 2 years of each other) according to 1:1 matching were selected for a case–control study. The diagnosis of kidney stones was based on the presence of strong light spots, patches, clusters, or bands within the renal sinus region, followed by an echo-free bundle of acoustic images. Plasma metal elements were determined by the metal plasma method. The relationship between plasma cadmium concentration and the prevalence of kidney stones was assessed using logistic regression and restricted cubic spline regression. Results The crude ratio for kidney stones in the highest quartile of plasma cadmium was 1.164 (95% CI, 1.121 to 2.324) compared with the lowest quartile. A positive correlation was found between the two (P for trend = 0.039). After adjusting for potential confounders, the ratio of plasma cadmium to kidney stones in the highest quartile was 1.606 (95% CI, 1.100 to 2.344) compared with the lowest quartile, and the findings remained unchanged. Conclusion The odds of kidney stones in adults increased with increasing plasma cadmium exposure, and high plasma cadmium may be a risk factor for kidney stones.

Abstract The liquid‐solid contact electrification mechanism has been explored in the aqueous solution system, but there are few systematic studies on oil‐solid triboelectrification. Herein, an oil droplet triboelectric nanogenerator (Oil‐droplet TENG) is designed as the probe to investigate the charge transfer properties at oil‐solid interface. The charge transfer kinetics process is disclosed by the electrical signals produced, showing that the electron species initially predominated the oil‐solid triboelectrification. The molecular structure and electronic properties of oil also affect triboelectric performance. Further, the charge transfer principle in multi‐component liquid mixture during the electric double layer (EDL) development process is proposed to explain the component competition effect. As a proof of concept, a tubular‐TENG is designed as a self‐powered sensor for transformer oil trace water detection. The device demonstrates high water sensitivity with a detection limit of 10 µL L−1 and a response range of 10–100 µL L−1. This work not only reveals the oil‐solid triboelectric and charge transfer competition mechanism in EDL, but also open up a new channel for real‐time online monitoring of trace water in transformer oil, which holds promise for information perception and intelligent operation of transformers in the power industry.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive function in older adults (≥60 years old).MethodsFood intake was quantitatively assessed by the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and cognitive function was assessed by the Chinese version of the Simple Mental State Examination Scale (MMSE). Four major dietary patterns were identified by the factor analysis (FA) method. The relationship between dietary patterns and cognitive function was evaluated by logistic regression.ResultsA total of 884 participants were included in the study. Four dietary patterns (vegetable and mushroom, oil and salt, seafood and alcohol, and oil tea dietary patterns) were extracted. In the total population, Model III results showed that the fourth quartile of dietary pattern factor scores for the vegetable and mushroom pattern was 0.399 and 7.056. The vegetable and mushroom dietary pattern may be a protective factor for cognitive function, with p-value = 0.033, OR (95% CI): 0.578 (0.348, 0.951) in Model III (adjusted for covariates: sex, ethnic, marital, agricultural activities, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, BMI, and dietary fiber). In the ethnic stratification analysis, the scores of dietary pattern factors of the vegetable and mushroom among the Yao participants were 0.333 and 5.064. The Vegetable and mushroom diet pattern may be a protective factor for cognitive function, p-value = 0.012, OR (95% CI): 0.415 (0.206, 0.815).ConclusionThe fourth quartile of the vegetable and mushroom dietary pattern scores showed dose-dependent and a strong correlation with cognitive function. Currently, increasing vegetable and mushroom intake may be one of the effective ways to prevent and mitigate cognitive decline. It is recommended to increase the dietary intake of vegetables and mushroom foods.

ObjectiveTo explore the advantages and disadvantages of robot-assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy compared with retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy.MethodsA total of 101 patients with adrenal tumors who received retroperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RLA) (n=75) or robot-assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy (RARLA) (n=26) in our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021 were retrospectively collected. Patients’ demographics, tumor characteristics, and perioperative indicators were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.ResultsWe found that blood loss in the RARLA group was significantly less than that in the RLA group (66.9 ± 35.5 ml vs 91.5 ± 66.1 ml, p = 0.020). Gastrointestinal function recovery time in RARLA group was significantly less than that in RLA group (19.9 ± 6.9 hours vs 32.0 ± 9.0 hours, p < 0.001). However, the operation time, drainage tube placement time, post-operative hospital stay in the RARLA group were significantly longer compared with the RLA group (149.6 ± 53.4 mins vs 118.7 ± 41.2 mins, p = 0.003; 4.9 ± 2.0 days vs 3.6 ± 1.1 days, p = 0.004; 6.4 ± 1.8 days vs 4.6 ± 1.6 days, p < 0.001). The hospitalization expense in the RARLA group is significantly higher than that in the RLA group (59284 ± 8724 RMB¥ vs 39785 ± 10126 RMB¥, p < 0.001). We found that there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups. However, the pathological types of the two groups were significantly different. Patients in the RLA group had a higher proportion of adrenocortical adenoma, while patients in the RARLA group had a higher proportion of pheochromocytoma.ConclusionCompared with traditional laparoscopic adrenalectomy, robot-assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy can significantly reduce intraoperative blood loss and accelerate postoperative gastrointestinal recovery. It is committed to studying how to reduce the hospitalization time and hospitalization cost of RARLA, which can make RARLA more widely used.

To explore the ingredients and possible mechanisms of Mulberry for controlling coronary heart disease of liver and kidney yin deficiency based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. The active components and common targets of Mulberry combating coronary heart disease of liver and kidney yin deficiency were obtained from TCMSP, TCMID, Swiss TargetPrediction, and GeneCards databases; cytoscape software was used to generate component-target-disease interaction network diagram. PPI network was constructed and analyzed by STRING database; with the help of DAVID database, the GO function analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out, and finally Schrödinger Maestro was used to verify the molecular docking of main active ingredients and key targets. There were 14 active components in Mulberry, and 134 target genes were associated with coronary heart disease of liver and kidney yin deficiency. Predicted target genes mainly acted on TNF, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways to prevent and treat coronary heart disease with liver and kidney yin deficiency by regulating inflammation, apoptosis and blood circulation. Molecular docking results showed that the main active ingredients had good binding properties with candidate target proteins. The study preliminarily reveals that Mulberry can prevent and treat coronary heart disease of liver and kidney yin deficiency through multi- components, multi-targets and multi-pathways. The results can provide theoretical reference and new research direction for the development of Mulberry and functional foods for controlling the coronary heart disease of liver and kidney yin deficiency.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety between conservative treatment and surgery for the patients with small (1-3cm) nonfunctional adrenal incidentaloma (NFAI).MethodsThe patients with small (1-3cm) NFAI who received conservative treatment or surgery in our hospital from November 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively collected. A total of 83 patients were included in this study. They were divided into two groups according to the treatment methods: the surgery group (n=51) and the conservative treatment group (n=32).Then patients’ demographics, tumor characteristics, functional indicators and complications were compared. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test for continuous variables and Pearson chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables.ResultsAt the time of diagnosis, after 3 months, after 6 months, after 12 months, and after 24 months, we found that there was no significant difference between the two groups in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, serum potassium levels, and hormone levels. 51 patients chose to have surgery, of which 41 patients chose RLA and 10 patients chose RARLA. RARLA group patients had the highest total cost and conservative treatment group patients had the lowest cost, and the difference was significant (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in tumor size in the conservative treatment group between at the time of diagnosis and after 24 months (P = 0.305).ConclusionSurgical treatment is more effective for 1-3cm NFAI, but conservative treatment is safer and more economical. Follow-up after conservative or surgical treatment is necessary.

Objective To investigate the spatial pattern of the activation of the prefrontal and bilateral temporal cortex in first⁃episode depressive disorder patients during Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). Methods Forty first⁃episode patients who met the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM⁃5) depressive disorder and 14 normal controls were both measured of spatial pattern in the prefrontal and bilateral temporal cortex by functional near⁃infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during VFT, at the same time, the number of words produced during VFT was recorded. The severity of depressive symptoms was assessed by Zung's Self⁃Rating Depression Scale (SDS). The spatial pattern of brain activation during VFT was compared between 2 groups, and the correlation between the oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) integral value of prefrontal or bilateral temporal lobes and SDS score were explored by Pearson correlation analysis in depressive disorder group. Results SDS score of the depressive disorder patients was higher than that of control group (68.38 ± 12.91 vs. 35.98 ± 6.83; t=11.832, P=0.000). Compared with the control group, the scores of prefrontal and bilateral temporal lobes in depression group were significantly lower during VFT [(35.25 ± 41.74) mmol•mm vs. (149.91 ± 54.88) mmol•mm, t=⁃8.140, P=0.000; (84.05 ± 59.23) mmol•mm vs. (211.01 ± 81.27) mmol•mm, t=⁃6.250, P=0.000]. There was no significant difference in the number of words between 2 groups (11.27 ± 4.35 vs. 11.92 ± 5.55; t=⁃0.450, P=0.665). There was a negative correlation between the HbO 2 integral value of bilateral temporal lobes and SDS score in patients with depressive disorder (r=⁃0.330, P=0.039), and there was no significant correlation between the HbO2 integral value of prefrontal lobe and SDS score (r=⁃0.210, P=0.184). Conclusions During the VFT, the decrease of prefrontal and bilateal temporal lobes activation and the bilateral temporal lobes HbO2 integral value is negatively correlated with the degree of depression.

This paper is concerned with the transition functions of symmetric Levy-type processes generated by a pseudo-differential operator with variable coefficients. We first give the general estimates of heat kernels of jump diffusion semigroups, which leads to diagonal estimates of transition function and subordination in the context of two-dimensional Cauchy semigroup. Then off-diagonal estimates of special classes of Levy-type processes where transition function can be expressed using the diagonal estimation results and related metrics are derived. Furthermore, we show geometric approximation of the general two-dimensional Levy processes, and graphical experiments have been made by freezing the coefficients of the generators.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the relationship between the dietary intake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and its subtypes (C4:0, C6:0, C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0) and hypertension.Design, participants, and methodsAdults aged 20 years and older based used the U.S. Health and Nutrition Survey (1999–2018) were used as participants. Two averages of 24 h dietary recall data were obtained for weight-adjusted continuous cross-sectional analysis. Two 24-h recall interview data means were obtained for weight-adjusted continuous cross-sectional analysis. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the weighted odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension.ResultsThe study included 7,222 respondents over 20 years of age with a hypertension prevalence of 23.2% and a significant difference in the dietary intake of carbohydrates among patients with hypertension. Dietary intake of nutrients was more in men than in women with hypertension. After adjusting for confounders, adjusting for nutrients, and reducing covariance among nutrients, the OR (95% CI) for women’s dietary intake of SFAs, C14:0, C16:0, C18:0 fourth quartile, and C14:0 third quartile were 0.57 (0.34, 0.95), 0.57 (0.34, 0.95), 0.57 (0.34, 0.95), 0.57 (0.34, 0.95), and 0.57 (0.34, 0.95), respectively, which may be a risk factor for hypertension. In older (≥65, years) respondents, the OR (95% CI) for dietary intake of SFAs, C4:0, C14:0, C16:0 fourth quartile, and C12:0 third quartile were 0.42 (0.21, 0.86), 0.46 (0.22, 0.95), 0.39 (0.18, 0.85), 0.38 (0.17, 0.84), and 0.45 (0.20, 0.99), respectively, which may be a protective factor for hypertension.ConclusionThe study was based on the American Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and a strong correlation was found between dietary intake of SFAs, C14:0, C16:0, and C18:0 and hypertension in women (dietary intake of SFAs, C4:0, C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0) and middle-aged and older adults (dietary intake of SFAs, C4:0, C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0). In addition, dietary nutrient intake should be carefully selected for the rational prevention of hypertension.

In this paper, a surface discharge test was conducted on a silicone rubber insulating sheet, an epoxy resin insulating sheet, a porcelain insulating sheet, and a glass insulating sheet by using an independently constructed test platform of insulating media to study the discharge characteristics along the surface of insulating media under low air pressure and strong airflow environment. Experiments were conducted to obtain the variation in the discharge characteristics along the surface of the four kinds of insulation media with respect to airflow velocity at different air pressures. The discharge voltage characteristics and discharge morphology characteristics along the surface of the insulating media in a strong airflow environment at low air pressure are elucidated. This paper provides theoretical support for the selection of insulation materials and insulation protection design for a low air pressure and strong airflow environment.

Blockchain technologies have been applied in many areas, from economics, the internet of things to the industrial internet. In order to solve the issue that the Hyperledger Fabric does not currently support Chinese Commercial Cryptographic (CCC) algorithms, we extended the Blockchain Cryptographic Service Provider (BCCSP) module in the Hyperledger Fabric by upgrading the original BCCSP module to support the CCC algorithms SM2 and SM3. Furthermore, we designed a transaction process by using UBCCSP (Upgraded BCCSP), and a new smart contract also has been presented. After that, an improved consortium blockchain information system based on UBCCSP named UCBIS (Consortium Blockchain Information System based on UBCCSP) is proposed. In the Hyperledger Fabric transaction process, the identity information and transaction data are protected by the SM2 and SM3 algorithms, moreover, SM3 is also used in the construction process of smart contracts. Our smart contracts reduce the total data amount and improve query efficiency. Finally, the information query system based on UBCCSP is implemented. After being tested and analyzed, the average time for every query is only 31.162 ms in the blockchain system, which has better performance and higher query efficiency.

Based on the visual triaxial compression servo-control test system and the three-dimension digital image correlation technology (3D-DIC), the generalized stress relaxation tests under different rheological regions were carried out, and the evolution of strain in the rock surface was discussed. The experimental results show that if sandstone tends to fail during the rheological process, the axial and radial strain concentration area would gradually appear in strain fields. The axial strain concentration area concentrates from the layered discrete distribution to the position of the upcoming crack, while the radial strain concentration area is about to form with the centered crack. The differential evolution rates of axial and radial strains at different areas are positively correlated with the overall strain evolution rate. The development of axial and radial strain in cement near the crack is going through three stages: deceleration, constant velocity and acceleration. The strain in areas away from the crack may increase firstly and then decrease. And the isochronous curve of the strains at different positions indicates the area where the crack is about to form. As the rheological direction coefficient ? changes from 0.3, 0, -3.0, ∞, and 3.0 in sequence, the mean and variance of the overall evolution of the axial and radial strain fields increase during the rheological process, indicating that the evolution rate is accelerated, the strain concentration phenomenon is more significant, and the difference between the evolution of the strain field before and after the sandstone failure also increases.

BACKGROUND At present, research on the extraction separation and enrichment of gallium is mostly biased to the strong acidic system, which brings a safety risk to the operation and needs acid-proof apparatus. Furthermore, the procedure is easily contaminated, resulting in high background values. OBJECTIVES To develop a method for extraction separation and preconcentration of trace Ga under weakly acidic condition. METHODS Solid phase extraction medium for Ga was prepared by using modified large porous adsorption resin with cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide and loading it with 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid-2-ethylhexyleste. The separation and enrichment conditions of solid phase extraction were studied in detail. RESULTS Experiments showed that the separation and enrichment of trace gallium was ideal when the extraction conditions were mild. The maximum recovery (99%) of Ga was achieved in sample solution with pH of 2.5. The determination parameters of gallium were optimized for oxygen doped air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), and the sensitivity was improved on that of the current method. The detection limit of the overall method (3σ) was 2.6ng/mL by IUPAC definition and the relative standard deviation (RSD, n=7) was 2.87%. The recoveries for spiked solution ranged from 95.7% to 102.0%, and a theory enrichment factor of 40 was obtained. CONCLUSIONS This method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace gallium in tap water, Chinese medicine and hydroponic vegetable samples. It is simple, quick and reliable.

Heptafluoroisobutyronitrile (C3F7CN) has received extensive attention for replacing SF6 in high voltage electrical equipment. It is necessary to assess the suitability of traditional common adsorbent activated alumina (γ-Al2O3) used in C3F7CN based equipment as adsorbent. In this paper, C4F7 N/N2 hybrid gas discharge test was carried out on the gas insulation performance test platform, and the decomposition products mainly included CF4, C2F6, C3F8, CF3CN, C2F4, C3F6 and C2F5CN. Secondly, gas samples were collected at different periods, and the gas before and after being adsorbed by γ-Al2O3 was analyzed and compared by GC-MS. Finally, based on the density functional theory, the adsorption of gas molecular on the surface of γ-Al2O3 was studied. The adsorption effect of γ-Al2O3 to C3F7CN, C2F5CN and CF3CN is very strong, so it is difficult to be used as adsorbing material for C3F7CN type gas insulated equipment. However, due to the low cost of γ-Al2O3, it can be used in waste gas treatment for new environment-friendly insulating gas.

Perfluoroisobutyronitrile (C4F7N)/CO2/O2 has been considered as a potential eco-friendly gas insulating medium to replace SF6 due to its unique dielectric properties. Nowadays, few studies on the thermal stability and decomposition properties of C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas mixture were reported, which needs to be evaluated comprehensively. Herein, for the first time, we explored the effect of oxygen and temperature on thermal decomposition characteristics of C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas mixture. It was found that CF4, C3F8, C3F6, CO, COF2, CF3CN, C2F5CN and C2N2 are the main by-products of C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas mixture upon decomposition. The addition of 2%-10% O2 in the C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture yielded decreased of C3F6 and C2N2 while the increase of other by-products. The yields and effective formation rates of C3F8 and COF2 accelerated when the content of O2 was higher than 8%. In terms of practical application, adding 4-6% O2 to C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture is appropriate and COF2, C2N2, C2F5CN can be used as the characteristic products to reflect the severity of partial overheating fault of C4F7N/CO2/O2 gas insulated equipment.

This paper investigates the effect of O2 on the partial discharge (PD) and decomposition characteristics of C5F10O/CO2/O2 gas mixture employed as an eco-friendly gas insulating medium. We found that the insulation performance of the C5F10O/CO2/O2 gas mixture is less degraded as the content of O2 is less than 4%. However, PDIV+ is significantly reduced, and the discharge repetition rate increases drastically when the O2 content exceeds 4%. The PD decomposition products of C5F10O/CO2/O2 mainly include CF4, C2F6, C3F8, C3F6, CF2O, C2F6O3, and C3F7H. The addition of 2% O2 has a strong inhibitory effect on the generation of CF4, C2F6, C3F6, C3F8, CF2O, and C2F6O3. This work provides guidance for the application of the C5F10O/CO2/O2 gas mixture.

Objective: to prepare and evaluate orally disintegrating films of liquorice inclusion complexes. Methods: the active components of Chinese liquorice were extracted by pressurised extraction technique, and the inclusion complexes were prepared by antisolvent method, while the buccal disintegration films of liquorice inclusion complexes were prepared by solvent casting method, and the prepared buccal disintegration films were evaluated. Results: the home-made liquorice inclusion complexes orally disintegrated films formed better films, had good hardness and toughness, the thickness was around 0.1 mm and could disintegrate within 40 s, and the dissolution was rapid, the cumulative release reached 80.1% within 10 min, reaching the immediate release effect. Conclusion: the prepared buccal disintegrating membranes of liquorice inclusion complexes, which are expected to provide new ideas for the development and study of other drugs in the future, deserve further investigation.

C65H60Br4N8O9Zn2, triclinic, P1¯$P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 10.5707(4) Å, b = 11.1159(5) Å, c = 15.9260(7) Å, α = 92.654(2)°, β = 104.4460(10)°, γ = 116.0400(10)°, Z = 1, V = 1601.90(12) Å3, Rgt(F) = 0.0574, wRref(F2) = 0.1284, T = 173(2) K.